CN108807905B - Preparation method of iron oxide @ titanium oxide composite anode material with adjustable cavity structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an iron oxide @ titanium oxide composite anode material with an adjustable cavity structure, and belongs to the technical field of synthesis of inorganic functional materials. The technical scheme provided by the invention has the key points that: synthesis of alpha-Fe by simple hydrothermal method2O3After oxalic acid treatment in alpha-Fe2O3Coating a layer of stable TiO on the surface2Then obtaining the iron oxide @ titanium oxide composite anode material with an adjustable cavity structure by simple hydrochloric acid soaking and etching, and adding alpha-Fe2O3High specific capacity and TiO2Good cycling stability, thereby relieving alpha-Fe2O3The volume expansion generated in the charging and discharging process synergistically promotes the cycle stability and the energy density of the lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of synthesis of inorganic functional materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an iron oxide @ titanium oxide composite anode material with an adjustable cavity structure.
Background
Transition Metal Oxide (MO)xM is Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, etc.) are generally applied to lithium ion battery cathode materials due to higher theoretical specific capacity, TiO2Is an important member of transition metal oxide family, has good cycle performance and rate capability during charge and discharge, but TiO2Reversible capacity ratio in application process of lithium ion battery cathode materialSmaller, the reaction mechanism is as follows:
TiO2 + x Li+ + x e- ↔ LixTiO2 （1）
to improve TiO2Specific capacity of the TiO-based material, and wide scientific research workers to TiO with different morphologies2The research is carried out, such as: nanosheets, nanospheres, nanotubes, and the like. In addition, the researchers can apply graphene and TiO with good conductivity2There have been numerous attempts to compound, however, TiO2The specific capacity of the catalyst cannot be greatly improved.
α-Fe2O3Due to the higher theoretical capacity (1007 mAh g)-1) And low cost, the method becomes a promising substitute, and the reaction mechanism is as follows:
Fe2O3 + 2 Li+ + 2 e → Li2(Fe2O3) （2）
Li2(Fe2O3) + 4 Li+ + 4 e↔2 Fe0 +3 Li2O （3）
Fe2O3 + 6 Li ↔2 Fe + 3 Li2O （4）
but alpha-Fe2O3Poor conductivity and severe volume expansion during charging and discharging processes, thereby leading to alpha-Fe2O3Poor rate performance and poor cycle performance. To overcome alpha-Fe2O3In the aspect of application of the lithium ion battery cathode material, a great deal of effort is made by researchers. Some researchers will nanosize alpha-Fe2O3The surface of the carbon material is coated with a layer of carbon material with good conductivity, and the carbon material is a thin-layer carbon shell, a carbon nano tube, carbon nano fiber, graphene or reduced graphene oxide.
In addition, researchers will be converting nanosized α -Fe2O3And MnO2、TiO2Compounding was performed, however, satisfactory results were not achieved. Cubic alpha-Fe for use in the present invention2O3Using water as nucleiSynthetic method for alpha-Fe2O3Has carried out TiO2Coating the layer, and etching for different time to finally form alpha-Fe with different cavity structures2O3@TiO2The composite cathode material relieves alpha-Fe to a certain extent in the process of being applied to the cathode material of the lithium ion battery2O3Volume expansion occurs during charge and discharge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem of providing a preparation method of a high-performance iron oxide @ titanium oxide composite anode material with an adjustable cavity structure, which has simple process and low cost, and the composite anode material prepared by the method synthesizes alpha-Fe through a simple hydrothermal method2O3Then in alpha-Fe2O3Coated with a layer of stabilized TiO2Then obtaining the alpha-Fe with an adjustable cavity structure by a simple hydrochloric acid soaking method2O3@TiO2Compounding the anode material to convert alpha-Fe2O3Higher specific capacity and TiO2Good cycle stability is organically combined, and the alpha-Fe is greatly relieved2O3The volume expansion generated in the charging and discharging process enhances the cycle stability of the lithium ion battery cathode material.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems, and the preparation method of the iron oxide @ titanium oxide composite anode material with the adjustable cavity structure is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
（1）α-Fe2O350 mL of FeCl with a molar concentration of 2.0 mol/L are stirred vigorously in an oil bath at 75 DEG C3·6H2Adding O solution into 50 mL NaOH solution with the molar concentration of 5.4 mol/L, stirring for 5 min, and then forming reddish brown Fe (OH)3Transferring the colloid into a polytetrafluoroethylene high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 100 ℃ for 4 days, cooling to normal temperature, centrifuging, respectively rinsing the obtained red precipitate with deionized water and ethanol for 3 times, drying overnight to obtain alpha-Fe2O3；
（2）α-Fe2O3@TiO2Preparation of composite Material 8 mL of deionized water was added to a solution containing 0.2 g of alpha-Fe2O3Adding 0.1 g of oxalic acid into the reaction container, oscillating for 6 hours at room temperature, centrifuging to obtain red precipitate, respectively rinsing with deionized water and ethanol for 3 times, drying overnight to obtain alpha-Fe treated by oxalic acid2O30.1 g of alpha-Fe treated with oxalic acid was added to a reaction vessel containing 33 mL of absolute ethanol2O3Then adding 0.1 mL of concentrated ammonia water under the stirring condition, stirring for 5 min, continuously adding 0.25 mL of tetrabutyl titanate under the vigorous stirring condition, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 40 min, transferring the solution to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 45 ℃ for 24 h, then cooling to normal temperature, centrifuging, rinsing the obtained red precipitate with deionized water and ethanol for 3 times, drying overnight, and calcining the product at 450 ℃ for 2 h under an air environment to obtain alpha-Fe2O3@TiO2A composite material;
(3) preparing iron oxide @ titanium oxide composite negative electrode materials with different hollowness and core-shell structure by mixing 0.1 g of alpha-Fe2O3@TiO2Adding the composite material into 25 mL of a solution with a molar concentration of 6-12 mol L-1The method comprises the steps of performing oscillation etching for 0.5-4 h in HCl solution, then respectively rinsing for 3 times by using deionized water and ethanol, and drying overnight to obtain alpha-Fe with different hollowness and a core-shell structure2O3@TiO2And (3) compounding the negative electrode material.
More preferably, the alpha-Fe with different hollowness and core-shell structure2O3@TiO2The composite negative electrode material is prepared from alpha-Fe with uniform size and grain diameter of 400-500 nm2O3As nucleus, TiO2A composite anode material as a shell.
Further preferably, the oscillation etching time in the step (3) is preferably 1 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention relates to alpha-Fe treated on the surface of oxalic acid in the weak alkaline environment of strong ammonia water2O3Coated with a layer of stable and uniform TiO2Then to alpha-Fe with hydrochloric acid solution2O3@TiO2When the composite material is not performed simultaneouslyThe alpha-Fe with different cavity structures, high specific capacity and good cycling stability is finally obtained by intermittent etching2O3@TiO2And (3) compounding the negative electrode material. The preparation method is simple and high in repetition rate, and the prepared iron oxide @ titanium oxide composite anode material has high rate performance and cycle stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view of alpha-Fe2O3XRD pattern of (a);
FIG. 2 is a view of alpha-Fe2O3(a) (b) and with untreated alpha-Fe2O3By carrying out TiO2SEM pictures of coatings (c) and (d);
FIG. 3 shows that the iron oxide @ titanium oxide composite negative electrode material has different hydrochloric acid etching times of FT-0.5 h, FT-1h, FT-2 h, FT-4 h and FT-12 h (pure TiO)2) (a) and FT-12 h (pure TiO)2) (b) an XRD pattern;
FIG. 4 shows SEM (a) (b), TEM (c) (d) and single alpha-Fe in (d) of sample FT-1h2O3@TiO2Performing Mapping analysis on the energy spectrum of the composite negative electrode material;
FIG. 5 is a sample FT-1h electrochemical performance test chart;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the performance test of FT-1h charge-discharge cycle.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples, and that all the technologies realized based on the above subject matter of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
Examples
50 mL of FeCl with the molar concentration of 2.0 mol/L are added under the condition of vigorous stirring in an oil bath at 75 DEG C3·6H2Adding the O solution into a round-bottom flask containing 50 mL of NaOH solution with the molar concentration of 5.4 mol/L, stirring for 5 min, and then adding the reddish brown Fe (OH) formed in the flask3Transferring the colloid into a polytetrafluoroethylene high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 100 ℃ for 4 days, cooling to normal temperature, centrifuging, and using deionized water and ethanol to obtain red precipitateRespectively rinsed 3 times, dried overnight to obtain alpha-Fe2O3(ii) a alpha-Fe synthesized by oxalic acid pair2O3And (3) processing: 8 mL of deionized water was added to a solution containing 0.2 g of alpha-Fe2O3Adding 0.1 g of oxalic acid into the beaker, shaking for 6 hours at room temperature, centrifuging to obtain red precipitate, respectively rinsing with deionized water and ethanol for 3 times, and drying overnight to obtain alpha-Fe treated by oxalic acid2O30.1 g of oxalic acid-treated alpha-Fe was added to a beaker containing 33 mL of absolute ethanol2O3Then adding 0.1 mL of concentrated ammonia water under the condition of stirring, stirring for 5 min, continuously adding 0.25 mL of tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT) under the condition of vigorous stirring, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 40 min, transferring the solution in the beaker to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 45 ℃ for 24 h, cooling to normal temperature, centrifuging, rinsing the obtained red precipitate with deionized water and ethanol for 3 times, drying overnight, and calcining the product at 450 ℃ for 2 h under an air environment to obtain alpha-Fe2O3@TiO2A composite material; 0.1 g of alpha-Fe is taken2O3@TiO2The composite material is added into 25 mL of the mixture with the molar concentration of 10 mol L-1Respectively oscillating and etching for 0.5 h, 1h, 2 h, 4 h and 12 h in the HCl solution, then respectively rinsing for 3 times by using deionized water and ethanol, and drying overnight to obtain alpha-Fe with different etching degrees2O3@TiO2The composite cathode material is respectively marked as FT-0.5 h, FT-1h, FT-2 h, FT-4 h and FT-12 h (pure TiO)2）。
alpha-Fe with different etching time is obtained2O3@TiO2The composite material, PVDF and conductive carbon black are coated on a copper foil according to the mass ratio of 7:2:1, the thickness of the composite material is about 60 mu m, the copper foil is cut into pole pieces with the diameter of 14 mm by a sheet punching machine, the pole pieces are assembled into a 2025 button battery, and an electrical property test is carried out.
The invention optimizes and analyzes the influence of different etching times on the multiplying power performance and the cycle performance of the electrode material, and the product is produced at 100 mA g in the optimal time-1The current density of the battery is high, the battery still has good cycle performance after being tested by a large multiplying power performance, and the current density of the battery is 100 mA g-1At a current density of 100 charge-discharge cyclesStill has better cycle performance after the reaction, and the reversible capacity is kept at 893.7 mAh g-1Coulomb efficiency of 98.47%, and pure alpha-Fe2O3And pure TiO2The reversible capacity is low.
FIG. 1 shows the sample α -Fe obtained in this example2O3XRD pattern of (a). As shown in FIG. 1, the material synthesized during the experiment was compared with alpha-Fe in PDF #33-06642O3The diffraction peaks are consistent, and the alpha-Fe is successfully synthesized2O3。
FIG. 2 shows the sample α -Fe obtained in this example2O3And alpha-Fe2O3@TiO2SEM image of (d). As is clear from FIG. 2 (a-b), alpha-Fe was successfully synthesized during the course of the experiment2O3The material is cubic and has the size of about 400-500 nm. Untreated alpha-Fe was used during the experiment2O3By carrying out TiO2Layer coating, according to 3-2 (c), (d), it was found that with untreated TiO2The layer tends to be heterogeneous nucleated when coated.
FIG. 3 shows samples obtained in this example for FT-0.5 h, FT-1h, FT-2 h, FT-4 h, and FT-12 h (pure TiO)2) (a) and FT-12 h (pure TiO)2) XRD pattern of (b). From the figure, TiO can be seen2The coating layer was successfully reacted with alpha-Fe2O3Are compounded together and TiO2The diffraction peak of (A) was consistent with that of PDF #21-1272 (diffraction peak of Anatase). In addition, it can also be observed that as the etching time is reduced, α -Fe can be found2O3The diffraction peak of (2) decreases with the increase of the etching time, TiO2The diffraction peak of (a) increases with the increase of the etching time.
FIG. 4 shows SEM (a), (b), TEM (c), (d) and a single α -Fe in the picture of (d) for sample FT-1h obtained in this example2O3@TiO2Mapping analysis of (2). It is shown from FIG. 4 (a) that TiO can be clearly observed2Successfully coated with alpha-Fe2O3Above, and TiO can be seen from 4 (b)2The coating was very uniform and no significant cracking was observed. Further, from 4 (d), α -Fe can be seen2O3And TiO2A certain gap is arranged between the coating layers. According to the single alpha-Fe2O3@TiO2(FIG. 4 (d)) shows that Fe, Ti and O are uniformly distributed in a single α -Fe2O3@TiO2Hollow structure, in which the red outline in FIG. 4 (e) shows a single α -Fe2O3@TiO2Surface coated TiO2Layer, yellow portion in FIG. 4 (f) being a single α -Fe2O3@TiO2alpha-Fe in luminal structure2O3Part, the green part shown in FIG. 4 (g) refers to a single α -Fe2O3@TiO2alpha-Fe in the lumen2O3And surface TiO2An O element commonly contained in the clad layer.
FIG. 5 is an electrochemical test chart of FT-1h of a sample prepared in this example. At 100 mA g-1The current density of the battery is high, the battery still has good cycle performance after being tested by a large multiplying power performance, and the current density of the battery is 100 mA g-1The current density of the lithium ion battery still has good cycle performance after 100 charge-discharge cycles, and the reversible capacity is kept at 893.7 mAh g-1The coulombic efficiency was 98.47%.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the test of the charge/discharge performance of FT-1h in this example. The specific discharge capacity and the specific charge capacity of the FT-1h in the first charge-discharge cycle are 1609.3 mAh g respectively-1And 1021.6 mAh g-11228.6 mAh g was maintained during the second charge-discharge cycle-1The specific discharge capacity is 99.1 percent, and the specific discharge capacity is maintained at 999.4 mAh g after the 5 th charge-discharge cycle-1. The FT-1h still has good cycle performance after being tested by a large multiplying power performance, and the cycle performance is 100 mA g-1The current density of the lithium ion battery still has good cycle performance after 100 charge-discharge cycles, and the reversible capacity is kept at 893.7 mAh g-1And remains stable without attenuation.
The foregoing embodiments illustrate the principles, principal features and advantages of the invention, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the principles of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of an iron oxide @ titanium oxide composite anode material with an adjustable cavity structure is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
（1）α-Fe2O350 mL of FeCl with a molar concentration of 2.0 mol/L are stirred vigorously in an oil bath at 75 DEG C3·6H2Adding O solution into 50 mL NaOH solution with the molar concentration of 5.4 mol/L, stirring for 5 min, and then forming reddish brown Fe (OH)3Transferring the colloid into a polytetrafluoroethylene high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 100 ℃ for 4 days, cooling to normal temperature, centrifuging, respectively rinsing the obtained red precipitate with deionized water and ethanol for 3 times, drying overnight to obtain alpha-Fe2O3；
（2）α-Fe2O3@TiO2Preparation of composite Material 8 mL of deionized water was added to a solution containing 0.2 g of alpha-Fe2O3Adding 0.1 g of oxalic acid into the reaction container, oscillating for 6 hours at room temperature, centrifuging to obtain red precipitate, respectively rinsing with deionized water and ethanol for 3 times, drying overnight to obtain alpha-Fe treated by oxalic acid2O30.1 g of alpha-Fe treated with oxalic acid was added to a reaction vessel containing 33 mL of absolute ethanol2O3Then adding 0.1 mL of concentrated ammonia water under the stirring condition, stirring for 5 min, continuously adding 0.25 mL of tetrabutyl titanate under the vigorous stirring condition, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 40 min, transferring the solution to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 45 ℃ for 24 h, then cooling to normal temperature, centrifuging, rinsing the obtained red precipitate with deionized water and ethanol for 3 times, drying overnight, and calcining the product at 450 ℃ for 2 h under an air environment to obtain alpha-Fe2O3@TiO2A composite material;
(3) iron oxide @ titanium oxide composite negative electrode material with different hollowness and core-shell structurePreparation, 0.1 g of alpha-Fe2O3@TiO2Adding the composite material into 25 mL of a solution with a molar concentration of 6-12 mol L-1The method comprises the steps of performing oscillation etching for 0.5-4 h in HCl solution, then respectively rinsing for 3 times by using deionized water and ethanol, and drying overnight to obtain alpha-Fe with different hollowness and a core-shell structure2O3@TiO2And (3) compounding the negative electrode material.
2. The preparation method of the iron oxide @ titanium oxide composite anode material with the adjustable cavity structure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the alpha-Fe with different hollowness and core-shell structure2O3@TiO2The composite negative electrode material is prepared from alpha-Fe with uniform size and grain diameter of 400-500 nm2O3As nucleus, TiO2A composite anode material as a shell.
3. The preparation method of the iron oxide @ titanium oxide composite anode material with the adjustable cavity structure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the oscillation etching time in the step (3) is preferably 1 h.
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