CN108806467B - Simulation experiment platform for downward evacuation of clustered animals along stairs - Google Patents
Simulation experiment platform for downward evacuation of clustered animals along stairs Download PDFInfo
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- CN108806467B CN108806467B CN201810526446.6A CN201810526446A CN108806467B CN 108806467 B CN108806467 B CN 108806467B CN 201810526446 A CN201810526446 A CN 201810526446A CN 108806467 B CN108806467 B CN 108806467B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation experiment platform for downward evacuation of clustered animals along stairs, which comprises a clustered animal evacuation system, wherein a double-layer three-dimensional stair is an evacuation path platform for the clustered animals, the upper end of each section of the double-layer three-dimensional stair is connected with a release box, and the lowest end of the double-layer three-dimensional stair is connected with a recovery box; the data acquisition and control system adopts a CCD camera to carry out real-time data acquisition on the evacuation motion of the clustered animals under different working conditions, and simultaneously adopts an electric shock facility to carry out electric shock on the clustered animals so as to simulate the occurrence of a real emergency; and the smoke release regulating system is used for simulating and generating smoke environment of the evacuation experiment of the colony animals, wherein smoke in the smoke generating box is conveyed into the smoke flow regulating pipe through a small exhaust fan. The experimental platform can systematically simulate the evolution law of motion of evacuation of the animals in the cluster downwards along the stairs, and can provide guidance for the safe evacuation design of the people in the stairwell of the building.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crowd evacuation simulation experiments in emergency, in particular to a simulation experiment platform for downward evacuation of clustered animals along stairs.
Background
As the urbanization process of China is accelerated, the living mode of the unit residential building is more and more common. Particularly, high-rise buildings are increased year by year, and because of complex functions and intensive personnel, a plurality of potential safety hazards are brought. And (3) displaying according to the statistic data of the fire department of the ministry of public security: in the last decade, 3.1 million high-rise building fires occur all over the country, 474 people die, and the direct property loss is 15.6 million yuan. Among them, the number of fire events is particularly 3, 4, and 24, and the trend is rising year by year. A28-layer teacher apartment building on the Shanghai Yuyao Lu Gu State road in 11 and 15 days 2010 catches fire, and 58 people are in distress due to fire. In 2015, 6 months and 25 days, a unit of Guanhu village district in Zhengzhou city catches fire, 13 deaths are caused by fire, and 4 people are injured. Therefore, under the background of rapid urbanization development, the safety of high-rise buildings is seriously threatened by major sudden events such as fire and the like, so that the current public safety of China faces serious challenges. However, the primary goal of solving the safety problem is to ensure the safety of people, and the occurrence of major emergency events in the building will inevitably lead to emergency evacuation on a short time scale. Therefore, how to rapidly and safely evacuate people in an emergency is an important issue to ensure the safety of lives and properties of people.
In an emergency situation, all people in the building are required to be evacuated from the floors within a short period of time, however, the evacuation route in the building floors is very limited, and the building stairs are the only way for people to escape. Therefore, the intensive research on the safe evacuation movement characteristics of the pedestrians in the stairways in the emergency situation is very important. The existing crowd evacuation research has the following characteristics: in the aspect of research areas, the main emphasis is on the evacuation motion characteristics in building rooms, and the research on the evacuation rule of the crowd in the staircases is less; in the aspect of routine evacuation experimental study, on one hand, due to the influence of age, sex, psychological diathesis and family relation, evacuation personnel usually show extremely complex panic behaviors in emergency; on the other hand, the development of large-scale crowd evacuation experiments under the condition of real fire not only seriously threatens the safety of evacuation personnel, but also is subjected to reprimand on the moral, so that the emergency personnel evacuation experiments under the condition of non-fire are mainly used in the implementation mode. Therefore, the safe evacuation experiment of the pedestrians in the stairway under the emergency situation of animal simulation is implemented, the evacuation problem under the emergency situation can be simplified, and the moral problem caused by the crowd evacuation experiment under the actual fire emergency situation is avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a simulation experiment platform for the downward evacuation of the cluster animals along the stairs, which can be applied to the experimental research of the evacuation of the crowd under the simulated emergency situation, can simplify the research problem through the simulation experiment platform, avoids the unscrupulous problem of the evacuation of the crowd under the real fire situation, simulates the downward evacuation movement law of the cluster animals along the stairs in the staircase under the real panic situation, and further discusses the situations of different stair forms, whether the staircase has obstacles, the brightness of the staircase, whether the staircase has smoke and the like, and the result can provide guidance for the design of the safe evacuation of the crowd in the staircase of the building.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is implemented according to the following technical scheme:
a simulation experiment platform for evacuation of clustered animals downwards along stairs comprises a clustered animal evacuation system, a data acquisition control system and a flue gas release regulation system, wherein the clustered animal evacuation system comprises double-layer three-dimensional stairs and release boxes arranged at the tops of the upper layers and at corners of the double-layer three-dimensional stairs, clustered animals are placed in the release boxes, one side of each release box is provided with a release regulation facility communicated with a step, the bottom of the lower layer of each double-layer three-dimensional stair is provided with a recovery box, and evacuation obstacles are arranged on the steps or at the corners of the double-layer three-dimensional stairs; the data acquisition control system comprises a CCD camera, an illuminating lamp and an electric shock facility installed in each release box, the CCD camera is connected with an image acquisition card through a data transmission line, the image acquisition card and a computer are used for observing and recording the movement tracks of the animals in the colony through the CCD camera, and the electric shock facility is connected with the computer through the data transmission line and is used for simulating and controlling the emergency environment condition of the animals in the colony; the flue gas release governing system is including setting up the cigarette cake of producing in the smoke box, with produce the small-size air exhauster that the smoke box is connected, the flue gas that is connected with small-size air exhauster air outlet transfers the flow pipe and sets up the flue gas governing valve on the flue gas transfers the flow pipe, flue gas transfers flow pipe end portion and the inside intercommunication of double-deck three-dimensional staircase.
Furthermore, the double-layer three-dimensional staircase is of a closed box-shaped structure, the top layer and the side wall of the staircase are made of transparent organic glass, the staircase is an opaque staircase, and the width of the double-layer three-dimensional staircase is larger than or equal to the sum of the widths of two or three clustered animals, so that the two or three clustered animals can be simultaneously evacuated downwards.
Further, the colony animals are conventional mice, hamsters, bunny rabbits or dutch pigs as evacuation experimental objects, and the colony animals are placed in a release box at the initial stage of the experiment.
Further, the release box is made of transparent organic glass and is a closed box body, and the top of the release box can be movably detached.
Furthermore, the recycling bin is made of opaque organic glass and is a closed box body, and the recycling bin is used as a recycling device for clustered animals.
Further, the double-layer three-dimensional stair is a single-run stair, a turning double-run stair, a stair with a right-angle turning, a spiral stair or a triangular stair.
Furthermore, the CCD cameras are arranged into five groups, wherein three groups of CCD cameras are positioned at the upper part of the double-layer three-dimensional stair and are spliced and arranged along the evacuation path of the clustered animals; the other two groups of CCD cameras are positioned on the side surface of the double-layer three-dimensional stair and are vertically arranged with the three groups of CCD cameras in space.
Furthermore, the illuminating lamp is positioned at the top of the double-layer three-dimensional stair, and is connected with the computer by a data transmission line and used for adjusting the brightness degree of the surrounding environment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a simulation experiment for downward evacuation of clustered animals along stairs, which is easy to obtain and strong in operability, and can truly simulate the downward evacuation movement of clustered animals along the stairs, thereby providing an experimental foundation for the evacuation of people in building staircases.
2. The invention has simple structure and can discuss the conditions of different stair forms, different stair layers, whether barriers exist in the staircases, the brightness of the staircases, whether smoke exists in the staircases and the like.
3. The invention adopts the CCD camera to carry out data acquisition on the evacuation movement of the cluster animals, can monitor and record the evacuation movement track of the cluster animals along the stairs under different working conditions in real time, realizes the recording of the whole process, carries out post-processing on the collected data by applying an image processing technology, and can comprehensively simulate and analyze the influence of factors such as the stair form, the number of layers of the stairs, the barrier of the staircase, the brightness of the staircase, the smoke of the staircase and the like on the evacuation of the cluster animals along the stairs.
4. The invention adopts the electric shock facility to carry out electric shock on the cluster animals, simulates the occurrence of real emergency panic condition, controls the panic state of the cluster animals by adjusting the electric shock degree, has very high closeness to the emergency escape condition of the crowd from the staircase during the simulation experiment and the real fire, and further provides technical support for scientifically formulating the crowd evacuation strategy in the staircase.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a simulation experiment platform for evacuation of clustered animals along stairs.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the top structure of the cluster animal evacuation system without stairs.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cluster animal evacuation system with a stair top structure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view of the interior 14 of the release box in the evacuation system for clustered animals.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a smoke release regulating system.
In the figure: 11. colonizing animals; 12. a double-layer three-dimensional stair; 13. releasing the conditioning facility; 14. a release box; 15. a recycling bin; 16. evacuating obstacles; 21. a CCD camera; 22. an electric shock facility; 23. a data transmission line; 24. an image acquisition card; 25. an illuminating lamp; 26. a computer; 31. a smoking cake; 32. a smoke producing box; 33. a small exhaust fan; 34. a flue gas flow regulating pipe; 35. flue gas governing valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, which are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the simulation experiment platform for the downward evacuation of the clustered animals along the stairs of the embodiment includes a clustered animal evacuation system, a data acquisition control system and a smoke release adjustment system, wherein the clustered animal evacuation system includes a double-layer three-dimensional stair 12 and release boxes 14 installed at the top of the upper layer and at the corners of the double-layer three-dimensional stair 12, clustered animals 11 are placed in the release boxes 14, a release adjustment facility 13 communicated with the stairs is provided at one side of each release box 14, a recovery box 15 is provided at the bottom of the lower layer of the double-layer three-dimensional stair 12, and evacuation obstacles 16 are provided on the stairs or at the corners of the double-layer three-dimensional stair 12; the data acquisition control system comprises a CCD camera 21, an illuminating lamp 25 and an electric shock facility 22 which is arranged at the bottom of each releasing box 14, wherein the CCD camera 21 is connected with an image acquisition card 24 through a data transmission line 23, the image acquisition card 24 and a computer 26 are used for observing and recording the movement track of the group animals 11 through the CCD camera 21, and the electric shock facility 22 is connected with the computer 26 through the data transmission line 23 and is used for simulating and controlling the emergency environment condition of the group animals 11; the smoke release regulating system comprises a smoke cake 31 arranged in a smoke production box 32, a small exhaust fan 33 connected with the smoke production box 32, a smoke flow regulating pipe 34 connected with an air outlet of the small exhaust fan 33 and a smoke regulating valve 35 arranged on the smoke flow regulating pipe 34, wherein the end part of the smoke flow regulating pipe 34 is communicated with the inside of the double-layer three-dimensional stair 12.
In this embodiment, the herd animal 11 is a conventional mouse, hamster, bunny rabbit, or dutch pig, which is the subject of an evacuation experiment, and the herd animal 11 is placed in the release box 14 at the beginning of the experiment. The release box 14 is communicated with the upper end of each section of the double-layer three-dimensional staircase 12, the release box 14 is made of transparent organic glass and is a closed box body, and the top of the release box can be movably detached. The release adjusting facilities 13 are respectively positioned at the connecting openings of the double-layer three-dimensional stair 12 and each release box 14 and are used for adjusting and controlling the release amount of the clustered animals 11 in unit time. The double-layer three-dimensional stair 12 is of a closed box-shaped structure and serves as an evacuation path of the clustered animals 11, the upper layer of the stair and the side wall of the stair are made of transparent organic glass, the bottom layer of the stair is an opaque ladder, the transparent ladder is sealed and fixed by glass cement, the height between the upper layer of the stair and the bottom layer of the stair is not more than 2 times of the height of the clustered animals 11, the purpose is to prevent the clustered animals 11 from being mutually overlapped in the emergency evacuation process, and the width of the staircase can meet the requirement that two or three clustered animals are simultaneously evacuated downwards. The evacuation obstacles 16 are arranged on the stairs or at the corners inside the double-deck three-dimensional staircase 12 for interfering with the downwardly evacuated herded animals 11. The recycling box 15 is communicated with the lowest end of the double-layer three-dimensional stair 12, the recycling box 15 is made of opaque organic glass and is a closed box body, and the recycling box is used as a recycling device of the clustered animals 11. In the whole evacuation experiment process, the form of the double-layer three-dimensional staircase 12 can be adjusted and changed into a single-run staircase, a turning double-run staircase, a right-angle turning staircase, a spiral staircase or a triangular staircase, and then the influence of different staircase forms on the downward evacuation movement rule of the clustered animals 11 along the staircase is analyzed.
In this embodiment, the CCD cameras 21 are arranged at different positions of the double-deck three-dimensional stair 12, wherein three groups of CCD cameras 21 are positioned at the upper part of the double-deck three-dimensional stair 12 and are arranged along the evacuation route of the colony animals 11 in a splicing manner; the other two groups of CCD cameras 21 are positioned on the side surface of the double-layer three-dimensional staircase 12 and are vertically arranged with the three groups of CCD cameras 21 in space. Wherein, two groups of CCD cameras 21 are used for observing and recording the motion trail of the stair-climbing cluster animals 11 and are arranged near the stair-climbing cluster animals; a group of CCD cameras 21 is used for observing and recording the movement tracks of the clustered animals 11 at the corners and is arranged at the corners of the stairs; and two groups are arranged near the lower half stair for observing and recording the movement tracks of the half stair clustered animals 11. Five CCD cameras 21 are synchronously sampled by using a five-channel image acquisition card 24, and image data recorded by the CCD cameras 21 are transmitted to a computer 26 for storage by using a data transmission line 23. The electric shock facilities 22 are positioned at the bottom of each releasing box 13, the electric shock facilities 22 are connected with the computer 26 by adopting the data transmission lines 23, and the electric shock facilities 22 are controlled by the computer 26, so that the animals 11 in the group are subjected to electric shocks of different degrees, and the purpose of being in different emergency escape states is achieved. In order to analyze the influence of the environmental brightness on the movement rule of the cluster animals 11, an illuminating lamp 25 is arranged at the top of the model of the double-layer three-dimensional staircase 12 and used for adjusting the ambient brightness around the staircase, and the data acquisition control system 02 can acquire the downward evacuation movement information of the cluster animals 11 along the staircase in real time. And then, the evacuation image information is post-processed by using a computer processing technology, so that the evacuation motion rule of the cluster animals 11 along the stairs can be comprehensively simulated and analyzed, and the judgment criterion for the safe escape of the evacuation personnel in an emergency can be obtained.
In this embodiment, the smoke generating box 32 and the smoke flow adjusting pipe 34 are made of transparent organic glass. The smoke cake 31 is positioned in the smoke producing box 32, when the smoke cake 31 in the smoke producing box 32 is ignited, smoke in the smoke producing box 32 is pumped into the smoke adjusting pipe 34 by the small exhaust fan 33, the smoke adjusting valve 35 in the smoke adjusting pipe 34 can control the smoke flow flowing into the double-layer three-dimensional stair 12, and the system can be used for implementing downward evacuation movement of the clustered animals 11 along the stairs under different smoke flows.
According to the experiment, the experimental data are analyzed and summarized, and the downward evacuation movement rule of the colony animals 11 along the stairs under different working conditions is researched.
The invention is used for simulation experiment of downward evacuation of the clustered animals along the stairs, the evacuated clustered animals are easy to obtain, the operability is strong, and the simulation on the conditions of different stair forms, different stair layers, whether barriers exist in the staircases, the brightness of the staircases, whether smoke exists in the staircases and the like can be realized. Data acquisition is carried out on the evacuation movement of the cluster animals by adopting a CCD camera, and the evacuation movement tracks of the cluster animals along the stairs under different working conditions are monitored and recorded in real time; meanwhile, an electric shock facility is adopted to carry out electric shock on the group animals, the occurrence of real emergency is simulated, and the panic state of the group animals can be controlled by adjusting the electric shock degree. And finally mapping the monitoring result to the emergency escape state of the crowd from the staircase when the actual fire occurs, thereby providing technical support for scientifically formulating the safe evacuation strategy of the crowd in the staircase.
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the limitations of the above specific embodiments, and all technical modifications made according to the technical solution of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A simulation experiment platform for evacuation of clustered animals downwards along stairs is characterized by comprising a clustered animal evacuation system, a data acquisition control system and a flue gas release and regulation system, wherein the clustered animal evacuation system comprises double-layer three-dimensional stairs and release boxes arranged at the tops of the upper layers and the corners of the double-layer three-dimensional stairs, clustered animals are placed in the release boxes, a release and regulation facility communicated with stairs is arranged on one side of each release box, a recovery box is arranged at the bottom of the lower layer of the double-layer three-dimensional stairs, and evacuation obstacles are arranged on the stairs or at the corners of the double-layer three-dimensional stairs; the data acquisition control system comprises a CCD camera, an illuminating lamp and an electric shock facility installed in each release box, the CCD camera is connected with an image acquisition card through a data transmission line, the image acquisition card and a computer are used for observing and recording the movement tracks of the animals in the colony through the CCD camera, and the electric shock facility is connected with the computer through the data transmission line and is used for simulating and controlling the emergency environment condition of the animals in the colony; the flue gas release governing system is including setting up the cigarette cake of producing in the smoke box, with produce the small-size air exhauster that the smoke box is connected, the flue gas that is connected with small-size air exhauster air outlet transfers the flow pipe and sets up the flue gas governing valve on the flue gas transfers the flow pipe, flue gas transfers flow pipe end portion and the inside intercommunication of double-deck three-dimensional staircase.
2. The experimental platform of claim 1, wherein the experimental platform comprises: the double-layer three-dimensional staircase is of a closed box-shaped structure, the top layer and the side wall of the staircase are made of transparent organic glass, the staircase is an opaque staircase, and the width of the double-layer three-dimensional staircase is larger than or equal to the sum of the widths of the two clustered animals, so that the two or three clustered animals can be simultaneously evacuated downwards.
3. The experimental platform of claim 1, wherein the experimental platform comprises: the colonizing animal is a conventional mouse, hamster, bunny rabbit or Dutch pig, and is used as an evacuation test object, and is placed in a release box at the beginning of the test.
4. The experimental platform of claim 1, wherein the experimental platform comprises: the release box is made of transparent organic glass and is a closed box body, and the top of the release box can be movably detached.
5. The experimental platform of claim 1, wherein the experimental platform comprises: the recycling bin is made of opaque organic glass and is a closed box body, and the recycling bin is used as a recycling device for clustered animals.
6. The experimental platform of claim 1, wherein the experimental platform comprises: the double-layer three-dimensional stair is a single-run stair, a turning double-run stair, a stair with a right-angle turning, a spiral stair or a triangular stair.
7. The experimental platform of claim 1, wherein the experimental platform comprises: the CCD cameras are arranged into five groups, wherein the three groups of CCD cameras are positioned at the upper part of the double-layer three-dimensional staircase and are spliced and arranged along the evacuation path of the clustered animals; the other two groups of CCD cameras are positioned on the side surface of the double-layer three-dimensional stair and are vertically arranged with the three groups of CCD cameras in space.
8. The experimental platform of claim 1, wherein the experimental platform comprises: the illuminating lamp is positioned at the top of the double-layer three-dimensional stair, and is connected with the computer by a data transmission line and used for adjusting the brightness degree of the surrounding environment.
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| CN201810526446.6A CN108806467B (en) | 2018-05-17 | 2018-05-17 | Simulation experiment platform for downward evacuation of clustered animals along stairs |
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| JP2003288657A (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-10 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Monitoring sensor system |
| CN101145213A (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2008-03-19 | 中山大学 | Crowd evacuation emulation method based on extended BDI model |
| CN101216951A (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-07-09 | 电子科技大学 | Intelligent group motion simulation method in virtual scenes |
| KR101100795B1 (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2012-01-02 | 경기도시공사 | Emergency escape system of high-rise building , and method for the same |
| CN206460646U (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2017-09-01 | 天津市海蓝俊杰石化科技有限公司 | A kind of fire disaster escaping experiencing system |
| CN107158584A (en) * | 2017-05-21 | 2017-09-15 | 吴静 | A kind of fire disaster intelligently escape device and its method of work for skyscraper |
| CN208605223U (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-03-15 | 中铁八局集团电务工程有限公司 | A kind of evacuation platform |
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