CN108804773B - Box-in-box type machine tool beam optimal design method adopting multi-rib plate structure for compounding - Google Patents
Box-in-box type machine tool beam optimal design method adopting multi-rib plate structure for compounding Download PDFInfo
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- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a box-in-box machine tool beam optimal design method adopting a multi-rib plate structure for compounding, which mainly comprises the following steps: constructing a parameterized model of the three-dimensional structure of the machine tool beam, and performing static characteristic simulation analysis; determining the weakest part of the beam structural design according to beam simulation result data; changing the rib plate structure in the cross beam, and reinforcing the local weak part of the cross beam in a mode of compounding various rib plate structures; determining an improved structure of the cross beam, and optimally designing the key size of the cross beam; and (5) comparing all performances before and after optimization, and verifying the rationality of a final scheme. The optimization design method provided by the invention is reasonable and reliable, is easy to realize, reduces the weight of the cross beam, improves the static and dynamic properties of the cross beam, and has strong engineering practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool design, relates to a structural design method of key parts of a machine tool, and in particular relates to an optimization design method of a box-in-box machine tool beam compounded by adopting a multi-rib plate structure.
Background
The machine tool beam is used as an important part of the numerical control machine tool, the weight of key parts such as a sliding seat, a ram, a main shaft and the like is borne on the machine tool beam, and the deformation of the beam caused by self gravity and external load directly influences the whole machine tool performance, so that the geometric precision and the surface machining quality of a workpiece are influenced. Therefore, the beam is required to have good dynamic characteristics in addition to light weight, high rigidity, and small deformation.
The traditional beam design mostly adopts experience design or analogy design, lacks corresponding theoretical basis, and has certain conservation and blindness. As disclosed in patent CN201720730535.3, a cross beam of a machine tool is designed by arranging a reinforcing rib in the shape of a Chinese character 'jing' at the middle part of the cross beam with a support, arranging reinforcing ribs in the shape of a Chinese character 'mi' at both ends, and arranging a plurality of structures in the shape of an Chinese character 'i' on the cross section of the reinforcing rib. In the patent, the arrangement of the rib plate structure in the cross beam is qualitative design, corresponding cross beam deformation data is lack as support, and the real weak point of the cross beam in the processing process is difficult to judge; and the thickness dimension parameter setting of the rib plate cannot be determined, so that the redundancy of rib plate materials can be caused, and the overall mass of the cross beam is increased. Therefore, the patent CN201720730535.3 has a certain blindness to the design of the beam structure, and the optimal design effect is not guaranteed.
In order to solve the problems existing in the existing beam design, the method for optimally designing the beam of the box-in-box machine tool by adopting the multi-rib plate structure is provided, the beam is subjected to finite element analysis by means of computer virtual modeling and simulation technology, the weak point of the beam is accurately found, the local rigidity of the beam is enhanced by adopting a mode that a plurality of rib plate structures are combined, the critical dimension of the beam design is optimally designed, the material redundancy is reduced on the premise of ensuring the static and dynamic characteristics of the beam, and the light-weight design of the beam is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the traditional beam structure design and provides an optimization design method for a box-in-box machine tool beam adopting a multi-rib plate structure for compounding. According to the method, the determined weak points of the cross beam are reinforced by adopting a multi-rib plate composite mode, the critical dimension of the cross beam is optimally designed, and the lightweight design of the cross beam is realized on the premise of ensuring the static and dynamic properties of the cross beam, so that the method has strong engineering practicability.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an optimization design method for a box-in-box machine tool beam compounded by adopting a multi-rib plate structure mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing a parameterized model of the three-dimensional structure of the machine tool beam, analyzing the stress characteristics of the beam according to the actual working conditions, and importing the parameterized model into finite element analysis software for static characteristic simulation analysis;
(2) Analyzing simulation result data of the machine tool beam, and finding that the vicinity of a beam line rail mounting surface is the weakest part of the beam, and the deformation amount in the middle of the beam is maximum in the length direction of the line rail mounting surface, and is reduced towards two sides in sequence;
(3) Changing the internal rib plate structure of the beam, adopting a mode of compounding various rib plate structures, namely adding one or more rib plate structures on the basis of the original beam rib plate structure, and reinforcing the local weak part of the beam while improving the overall rigidity of the beam;
(4) Performing static characteristic simulation analysis on the improved machine tool beam, and analyzing whether the beam deformation is reduced in the length direction of the mounting surface of the linear rail compared with the original structure, if so, performing size optimization design according to the step (5), otherwise, changing the type of the composite rib plate structure or increasing the type of the composite rib plate for improvement;
(5) Under the worst working condition of the beam stress, static and dynamic characteristic simulation analysis is carried out on the machine tool beam improvement scheme for determining the structural form of the internal rib plate, and the key size of the machine tool beam is optimally designed by adopting a multi-target genetic algorithm, so that the weight of the beam is reduced on the premise of ensuring the static and dynamic performance of the beam;
the constraint condition mathematical model for carrying out cross beam critical dimension optimization design by adopting a multi-objective genetic algorithm is as follows:
wherein X is an n-dimensional spatial decision vector; f (X) is an optimization target vector; m is m 0 、δ 0 、f 0 The mass, the maximum deformation and the first-order natural frequency of the original beam structure are respectively; m is m r (X)、δ h (X)、f v (X) is an optimized objective function of beam mass, maximum deflection and first order natural frequency respectively; x is x i To optimize critical dimension design variables in the design, x imax And x imin Designing upper and lower limits corresponding to the variable for the ith critical dimension;
(6) And comparing each performance of the final optimal design scheme with that of the original beam design scheme, and verifying the rationality of the final scheme.
Further, in the step (1), finite element analysis is carried out on the action of the cross beam by using different positions of the machine tool sliding seat assembly in the range of the linear rail travel of the cross beam, the stress surface center is selected from the leftmost side of the cross beam, and static characteristic analysis of different positions is carried out at intervals of 200mm in sequence, so that the maximum deformation of the cross beam at the corresponding position is obtained.
Further, the adopted multi-rib plate structure composite form is as follows: based on the original beam rib plate structure and simulation analysis data, aiming at the stress and deformation characteristics, fan-shaped rib plates are arranged along the length direction of the beam line rail installation surface, and a meter-shaped rib plate is arranged in the middle of the beam.
Furthermore, under the working condition that the sliding seat assembly is positioned at the middle position of the cross beam, static and dynamic characteristic analysis and critical dimension optimization design of the cross beam improvement scheme are carried out.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) According to the box-in-box machine tool beam optimal design method adopting the multi-rib plate structure for compounding, the weak points of the beam structure are accurately found out through finite element simulation data, and the local weak parts are reinforced in a mode of compounding the multi-rib plate structures, so that the overall stability of the beam is improved;
(2) The improved critical dimension of the beam structure is optimally designed, the redundancy of rib plate materials is reduced, and the beam is designed in a lightweight mode on the premise of guaranteeing the static and dynamic performances of the beam.
(3) By comparing the final scheme of the cross beam with various performance indexes of the original scheme, the rationality of the method provided by the invention is verified, and the method is proved to be reasonable and reliable, is easy to realize, has stronger engineering practicability, and provides a beneficial reference for the design of other key parts of the numerical control machine tool.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of a method for optimally designing a cross beam of a box-in-box machine tool by adopting a multi-rib plate structure for compounding;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a constructed three-dimensional structural model of an initial beam;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a modified rear cross beam three-dimensional structure model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the type and arrangement of internal gusset of a box-in-box beam with a multi-gusset structure;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing simulation data of beam improvement structure and initial structure deformation;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of critical dimensions of a beam improvement.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Examples
The invention takes the structural design improvement of the bridge planer type milling machine beam as an embodiment, and the specific implementation flow is shown in figure 1. First, an initial machine tool beam three-dimensional structure parameterized model is constructed, as shown in FIG. 2.
And then analyzing the stress characteristics of the cross beam according to the actual working conditions, introducing the stress characteristics into finite element analysis software, and carrying out static characteristic simulation analysis on the action conditions of the cross beam by using different positions of the machine tool slide seat assembly in the linear rail travel range of the cross beam. And selecting the center of the stress surface from the leftmost side of the cross beam, and sequentially carrying out static characteristic analysis on different positions at intervals of 200mm to obtain the maximum deformation of the cross beam at the corresponding position. Analysis of simulation result data of the machine tool beam shows that the vicinity of the mounting surface of the beam line rail is the weakest part of the beam, and the deformation amount in the middle of the beam is largest in the length direction of the mounting surface of the line rail, and is reduced towards two sides in sequence.
And then changing the rib plate structure in the beam according to the stress and deformation characteristics of the original beam rib plate structure and simulation analysis data, and reinforcing the local weak part of the beam in a mode of compounding various rib plate structures. The fan-shaped rib plates are arranged along the length direction of the mounting surface of the linear rail of the cross beam, and the rice-shaped rib plates are arranged in the middle of the cross beam, as shown in fig. 3 and 4. Static characteristic simulation analysis is carried out on the improved machine tool beam to obtain beam deformation in the length direction of the mounting surface of the linear rail, and beam deformation curves of various schemes are drawn, as shown in fig. 5.
Through comparative analysis of a beam deformation curve formed by simulation data of each scheme, after fan-shaped rib plates are arranged along the length direction of a beam line rail mounting surface, the deformation is obviously reduced; on the basis of the combination of the well-shaped rib plate structure and the fan-shaped rib plate structure, after the m-shaped rib plate is arranged at the position with the largest deformation in the middle of the beam, the weak part in the middle of the beam is reinforced, the deformation is reduced, and meanwhile, the deformation of the corresponding positions on two sides of the beam is also reduced, so that the overall rigidity of the beam is improved, and the beam structure of the machine tool with the combination of the well-shaped rib plate structure, the fan-shaped rib plate structure and the m-shaped rib plate structure is determined.
And finally, optimally designing the key size of the sliding seat assembly by adopting a multi-target genetic algorithm under the working condition that the sliding seat assembly is positioned at the middle position of the cross beam. According to the structural characteristics of the cross beam, 12 key design dimensions shown in fig. 6 are selected as optimized dimensions, and appropriate value ranges are set, wherein the initial values and the value ranges of the key dimensions are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Critical design dimensional parameter set-up information
And performing test design on the beam improvement structure by utilizing an optimization design module based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm in ANSYS Workbench, establishing a functional relation between 12 design variables and 3 characteristic indexes to obtain 289 groups of sample points, and solving according to constraint conditions set by a multi-objective genetic algorithm mathematical optimization model to obtain a critical dimension variable optimization value, and rounding the critical dimension variable optimization value as shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 CD optimization results
And modifying the three-dimensional model of the beam improved structure according to the rounding result, and reintroducing finite element analysis software for verification analysis. The simulation analysis data pairs of the final optimization design scheme and the original beam and beam improvement structure are shown in table 3.
Table 3 comparison of results before and after optimization
According to the simulation analysis data, the maximum deformation is reduced after the original beam adopts a rib plate structure mode of multi-rib plate structure compounding, and the overall rigidity of the beam is improved. However, due to the addition of the rib plates, the weight is increased, and the natural frequency is slightly reduced; therefore, the critical dimension of the cross beam is optimized on the basis of the improved structure. After optimization, compared with the original beam scheme, the beam weight is reduced by 226.5kg, the maximum deformation is reduced by 10.86%, the first-order natural frequency is increased by 2.5%, and the rationality of the final optimization scheme is proved.
In summary, the method for optimally designing the cross beam of the box-in-box machine tool by adopting the multi-rib plate structure for compounding discovers the weak point of the original cross beam structure through finite element analysis, determines the overall improved structural scheme, optimizes the key size of the cross beam and has clear thought; the optimized beam simulation result data is compared with the original beam, the static and dynamic characteristics are improved, the light design of the beam is realized, and the final optimization scheme is proved to be reasonable and reliable, so that the beam has strong engineering practicability.
The above embodiment is only one preferred embodiment of the present invention. The foregoing detailed description is provided to illustrate or explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. Accordingly, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the appended claims are intended to cover all such changes and modifications that fall within the scope and boundary of the appended claims, or equivalents of such scope and boundary.
Claims (2)
1. The box-in-box machine tool beam optimal design method adopting the multi-rib plate structure for compounding is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Constructing a parameterized model of the three-dimensional structure of the machine tool beam, analyzing the stress characteristics of the beam according to the actual working conditions, and importing the parameterized model into finite element analysis software for static characteristic simulation analysis;
(2) Analyzing simulation result data of the machine tool beam, and finding that the vicinity of a beam line rail mounting surface is the weakest part of the beam, and the deformation amount in the middle of the beam is maximum in the length direction of the line rail mounting surface, and is reduced towards two sides in sequence;
(3) Changing the internal rib plate structure of the beam, adopting a mode of compounding various rib plate structures, namely adding one or more rib plate structures on the basis of the original beam rib plate structure, and reinforcing the local weak part of the beam while improving the overall rigidity of the beam;
(4) Performing static characteristic simulation analysis on the improved machine tool beam, and analyzing whether the beam deformation is reduced in the length direction of the mounting surface of the linear rail compared with the original structure, if so, performing size optimization design according to the step (5), otherwise, changing the type of the composite rib plate structure or increasing the type of the composite rib plate for improvement;
(5) Under the worst working condition of the beam stress, static and dynamic characteristic simulation analysis is carried out on the machine tool beam improvement scheme for determining the structural form of the internal rib plate, and the key size of the machine tool beam is optimally designed by adopting a multi-target genetic algorithm, so that the weight of the beam is reduced on the premise of ensuring the static and dynamic performance of the beam;
the constraint condition mathematical model for carrying out cross beam critical dimension optimization design by adopting a multi-objective genetic algorithm is as follows:
wherein X is an n-dimensional spatial decision vector; f (X) is an optimization target vector; m is m 0 、δ 0 、f 0 The mass, the maximum deformation and the first-order natural frequency of the original beam structure are respectively; m is m r (X)、δ h (X)、f v (X) is an optimized objective function of beam mass, maximum deflection, and first order natural frequency, respectively; x is x i To optimizeCritical dimension design variable, x in design imax And x imin Designing upper and lower limits corresponding to the variable for the ith critical dimension;
(6) Comparing each performance of the final optimal design scheme with that of the original beam design scheme, and verifying the rationality of the final scheme;
in the step (1), finite element analysis is carried out on the action of the cross beam by using different positions of the machine tool slide seat assembly in the range of the linear rail travel of the cross beam, the center of a stress surface is selected from the leftmost side of the cross beam, and static characteristic analysis of different positions is carried out at intervals of 200mm in sequence, so that the maximum deformation of the cross beam at the corresponding position is obtained; performing static characteristic simulation analysis on the improved machine tool beam to obtain beam deformation in the length direction of the mounting surface of the linear rail, and drawing beam deformation curves of all schemes;
the adopted multi-rib plate structure composite form is as follows: based on the original beam rib plate structure and simulation analysis data, aiming at the stress and deformation characteristics, fan-shaped rib plates are arranged along the length direction of the beam line rail mounting surface, and a meter-shaped rib plate is arranged in the middle of the beam;
performing test design on the beam improvement structure by utilizing an optimization design module based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm in ANSYSTEM workbench, establishing a functional relation between 12 design variables and 3 characteristic indexes to obtain 289 groups of sample points, and then solving according to a multi-objective genetic algorithm mathematical optimization model setting constraint condition;
the 12 design variables include: lower wall thickness, front box body outer wall thickness, sand hole diameter, rib plate thickness, front box body inner wall thickness, composite rib plate width, rear box body inner wall thickness, upper wall thickness, rounded rectangular edge distance, arc groove wall thickness, rear box body outer wall thickness, left box body inner wall thickness and right box body outer wall thickness.
2. The method for optimally designing the cross beam of the box-in-box machine tool by adopting the multi-rib plate structure for compounding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: and (3) carrying out static and dynamic characteristic analysis and critical dimension optimization design of the beam improvement scheme under the working condition that the sliding seat assembly is positioned at the middle position of the beam.
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