CN108801880A - A kind of experimental rig and its test method for silting and constant head infiltration - Google Patents
A kind of experimental rig and its test method for silting and constant head infiltration Download PDFInfo
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- CN108801880A CN108801880A CN201810929798.6A CN201810929798A CN108801880A CN 108801880 A CN108801880 A CN 108801880A CN 201810929798 A CN201810929798 A CN 201810929798A CN 108801880 A CN108801880 A CN 108801880A
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- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 236
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 181
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10,10-dioxo-2-[4-(N-phenylanilino)phenyl]thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound O=C1c2ccccc2S(=O)(=O)c2ccc(cc12)-c1ccc(cc1)N(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005479 Lucite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the experimental rigs for silting and constant head infiltration, test mechanism includes testing stand and the test cylinder on testing stand, be equipped with test cylinder top plate at the top of test cylinder, inlet opening and osculum offered on test cylinder top plate, test cylinder top side detachable head cover is installed；Pressure measuring mechanism includes the pressure-measuring pipe and graduated scale being mounted on testing stand, and graduated scale is arranged in the side of pressure-measuring pipe, and pressure-measuring pipe is equipped with valve close to one end of pressure tap；Inlet and outlet water mechanism includes sliding support, sliding support connecting rod and the water exit container being mounted on testing stand, water exit container is mounted on by container floor in sliding support connecting rod, water exit container is connected to by outlet pipe with the apopore of experiment tube end plate, and the one end of outlet pipe far from apopore is equipped with titting water outlet.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows a table apparatus can meet three experiments and the requirement of testing regulations, operates very simple, occupies little space, and reduces laboratory cost, saves experiment resource.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geosynthetics experimental technique fields, are permeated for silting and constant head more particularly, to one kind
Experimental rig and its test method.
Background technology
The constant head permeability test incoherence material thicker suitable for sandy soil or particle；Utilize constant head permeability apparatus
Infiltration capacity is measured, infiltration system is finally calculated to calculate percolation flow velocity and hydraulic gradient in the head height of difference
Number.
Geosynthetics clogging test is tested suitable for geosynthetics filtering layer, measure under certain flow condition soil with
Infiltration coefficient in geotextile system and its interface and infiltration ratio, and geotextile clay content is measured, to judge geotechnique
Filtering layer of the synthetic material as certain soil, if will produce the silting not allowed.When silting refers to geosynthetics work, soil
During little particle in body is by geosynthetics, assemble the surface of geotextile, or form one layer of aquiclude,
It either blocks the end of geotextile filtration channel or is trapped in inside geotextile, so as to cause geotextile water penetration
It reduces.
Currently, the pilot project for geosynthetics is various, laboratory needs to be equipped with more test apparatus equipment,
It needs to expend a large amount of experiment funds, it is big to occupy test space, and experimentation cost is high, and operating procedure is complicated.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of it is simple in structure, easy to operate, occupy little space, reduce laboratory cost, try
Test the high experimental rig for silting and constant head infiltration of test performance.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of experimental rig for silting and constant head infiltration, including test mechanism, pressure measuring mechanism and Inlet and outlet water mechanism,
The pressure measuring mechanism and Inlet and outlet water mechanism are mounted on test mechanism；
The test mechanism includes testing stand and the test cylinder on testing stand, and the bottom of the test cylinder passes through examination
Tube end plate is tested on the testing stand, the top of the test cylinder is equipped with test cylinder top plate, in the test cylinder top plate
Head cover is installed to top side detachable, pressure tap and gap are offered on the test cylinder, the test cylinder includes detachable
The first test cylinder and the second test cylinder, first test cylinder connect with the second test cylinder by ring flange, first examination
It tests and is equipped with sieve between cylinder and second test cylinder, the bottom of the experiment tube end plate offers apopore；
The pressure measuring mechanism includes the pressure-measuring pipe and graduated scale being mounted on the testing stand, and the graduated scale is arranged in institute
The side of pressure-measuring pipe is stated, the pressure-measuring pipe is connected to the pressure tap, and the pressure-measuring pipe is equipped with valve close to one end of pressure tap
Door；
The Inlet and outlet water mechanism includes sliding support, sliding support connecting rod and the water exit container being mounted on testing stand,
The sliding support connecting rod is mounted on the upper sliding support, and the water exit container is mounted on sliding branch by container floor
In frame connecting rod, the water exit container is connected to by outlet pipe with the apopore of the experiment tube end plate, and the outlet pipe is separate
One end of apopore is equipped with titting water outlet, and extends to the inside of the water exit container, for being connect with external water source, institute
The bottom for stating water exit container offers water outlet.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the ring flange includes upper flange plate and lower flange, in the upper flange plate under
The sieve is installed between ring flange.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the quantity of the pressure tap is 7, and is opened in the both sides of the test cylinder respectively,
The first pressure tap, the second pressure tap, third pressure tap are followed successively by the left of the test cylinder, the right side of the test cylinder according to
Secondary is the 4th pressure tap, the 5th pressure tap, the 6th pressure tap and the 7th pressure tap, and seven pressure taps are connected respectively
One pressure-measuring pipe, the second pressure-measuring pipe, third pressure-measuring pipe, the 4th pressure-measuring pipe, the 5th pressure-measuring pipe, the 6th pressure-measuring pipe and the 7th pressure-measuring pipe,
Be separately installed on the corresponding pressure-measuring pipe the first valve, the second valve, third valve, the 4th valve, the 5th valve,
6th valve and the 7th valve.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, filter screen is installed between the corresponding pressure-measuring pipe of each valve.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the aperture of the pressure tap is 3-6mm.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the gap is equipped with gap valve.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, first row stomata and the first inlet opening, the top are offered on the test cylinder top plate
It covers and offers second row stomata corresponding with the first row stomata, the position of the first inlet opening and the second air admission hole, institute
First row stomata, second row stomata are stated for being connect with exhaust pipe, first inlet opening, the second air admission hole is used for and water inlet pipe
Connection, is equipped with drain tap on the exhaust pipe, inlet valve is equipped on the water inlet pipe.
A kind of constant head permeability test method utilized for silting and the experimental rig of constant head infiltration, this method include
Following steps：
Step 1. installs the sieve among the upper flange plate and lower flange, connected with sealing ring by bolt and
The upper flange plate and lower flange are sealed, so that first test cylinder and the connection of the second test cylinder and sealing；
Step 2. closes the first valve, the second valve, third valve and the 5th valve, opens gap valve, will be discharged
Pipe fitting is connected to external water source, the water filling into test cylinder by outlet pipe, is filled to the position that water level is higher than the sieve；
Sample layering is packed into the test cylinder by step 3., and every layer of sample 2-3cm, every layer of sample passes through institute after installing
The top surface that outlet pipe is filled with water to sample to test cylinder is stated, last layer of sample should be higher by the position 3-4cm of the 7th valve, and
The gravel layer that paving thickness is 2cm in sample top surface, continues to be filled with water to water later and be flowed out from the gap；
Step 4. checks the water level in the 4th pressure-measuring pipe, the 6th pressure-measuring pipe, the 7th pressure-measuring pipe, adjusts in pressure-measuring pipe
Water level makes it be flushed with the water level of the gap；
Step 5. adjusts position of the outlet pipe on sliding support, until the top nozzle position of outlet pipe is higher than institute
Water inlet pipe is put into the test cylinder by the position for stating gap, makes water by top injection testing cylinder, reduces outlet pipe later
The position of top nozzle to the sample top 1/3 is highly located, and penetrates into sample to form water level official post water, water is via the water outlet
Mouth outflow, adjusts the water flow velocity in the water inlet pipe later, so as to be more than the water of seepage flow, institute into the water of the test cylinder
Stating gap always has water spilling, keeps water level in the test cylinder constant, and sample, which is under constant head, to permeate；
Step 6. measures and records the 4th pressure-measuring pipe, the 6th pressure-measuring pipe and the 7th is surveyed after piezometric level stabilization
Water level in pressure pipe records the water outlet exudation water, measures the water temperature at water inlet and at water outlet in required time；
Step 7. adjusts the top nozzle position of the outlet pipe to the middle part of the sample, and repeat the above steps 5- steps
6 measure exudation water and water temperature；
Step 8. is adjusted at the top nozzle position to the 1/3 of the sample lower part of the outlet pipe, is repeated the above steps
5- steps 6 measure exudation water and water temperature, until when the data measured under different hydraulic slopes are close, off-test.
A kind of utilize is used for silting permeability test method vertical with the geosynthetics for the experimental rig that constant head permeates,
This approach includes the following steps：
Titting water outlet described in step 1. is connected to external water source, by the outlet pipe to the test cylinder water filling, directly
It is higher than the top surface of sieve to water level；
The sample of saturated process is placed on the lower flange by step 2., is tried described first with sealing ring by bolt
It tests cylinder and the connection of the second test cylinder and seals, the head cover is mounted on the test cylinder；
Step 3. closes the second valve, third valve, the 4th valve, the 5th valve and the 6th valve, adjusts the water outlet
The top nozzle position of pipe is to the middle and lower part of test cylinder, by being noted into the test cylinder with the coconnected water inlet pipe of the head cover
Water, until the head height difference of the top surface of first pressure-measuring pipe and titting water outlet of the test cylinder both sides is 50mm；
Step 4. adjusts the flow rate of water flow of the water inlet pipe, and head difference is made to reach 70mm, records head difference, waits for that head is stablized
Measurer is placed under the water outlet by least 30s in 10-60s, for collecting the water by sample；
When step 5. adjustment head difference is respectively 0.8,0.6,0.4 and 0.2 times of the maximum head difference, above-mentioned step is repeated
Rapid 4, terminate to minimum flow rate since peak flow rate (PFR)；
Step 6. records water temperature when experiment respectively.
A kind of geosynthetics clogging test method utilized for silting and the experimental rig of constant head infiltration, the party
Method includes the following steps：
Step 1. is sequentially placed sieve and sample on the lower flange, is connected with sealing ring by bolt and seals institute
State the first test cylinder and the second test cylinder；
Step 2. is packed into the soil sample that height is 100mm in the test cylinder；
The head cover is mounted on the test cylinder by step 3. by bolt, and installs sealing ring, for ensureing head cover
Leakproofness between test cylinder, and open the drain tap on exhaust pipe；
Step 4. closes the 7th valve and gap valve, the outlet pipe are connected to external water source, control water inlet head
Less than 25mm, so that water flows slowly into saturation soil sample from soil sample bottom, until after water level rises to soil sample top surface 5-20mm, it
Afterwards from water inlet pipe water filling into the test cylinder, drain tap is closed after the drain tap is emerged there is no bubble, so that
Water is full of in the test cylinder；
Step 5. adjusts the top nozzle position of the outlet pipe and the flow rate of water flow of water inlet pipe, its hydraulic gradient is made to reach
1.0, after the stable level in the pressure-measuring pipe, it is constant head water to keep water inlet head, carries out seepage flow by sample, per hour
The water level and water percolating capacity read in the pressure-measuring pipe is measured, continuous measure is read for 24 hours；
It is 2.5,4.0 and 10.0 that step 6., which adjusts separately hydraulic gradient, often adjusts a hydraulic gradient, needs to wait for the survey
At least seepage flow 1.5h is measured per hour when it is 10.0 to adjust hydraulic gradient after pressure pipe stable level and under the hydraulic gradient
The water level and water percolating capacity in the pressure-measuring pipe are read, continuous measure is read for 24 hours；
Step 7. terminates experiment, takes out geosynthetics sample, removes surface dust, and drying is weighed.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that：
1. test incoherence material, the position for the pressure tap being arranged on experimental rig and quantity and with match
Pressure-measuring pipe and valve, gap position adjust so that experimental rig can also vertically ooze geosynthetics
Normal use when saturating experiment and clogging test, will not have an impact.
2. using an experimental rig, the requirement for the requirement and correlation test regulation that three are tested disclosure satisfy that, and
Very simple is operated, is occupied little space, and reduces laboratory cost, saves experiment resource.
3. using dismountable head cover on test cylinder, flexibly Adjustment Tests can be used to fill according to different tests project
It sets, it is simple in structure, it is easy to use.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the experimental rig structural schematic diagram for silting and constant head infiltration of the present invention.
In figure：
1, testing stand 2, test cylinder 201, the first test cylinder
202, the second test cylinder 3, experiment tube end plate 4, head cover
5, pressure tap 6, gap 7, ring flange
701, upper flange plate 702, lower flange 8, sieve
9, pressure-measuring pipe 10, graduated scale 11, sliding support
12, sliding support connecting rod 13, water exit container 14, container floor
15, outlet pipe 16, titting water outlet 17, water outlet
18, gap valve 19, test cylinder top plate 20, the first valve
21, the second valve 22, third valve 24, the 4th valve
25, the 5th valve 26, the 6th valve 27, the 7th valve
28, the first pressure-measuring pipe 29, the second pressure-measuring pipe 30, third pressure-measuring pipe
31, the 4th pressure-measuring pipe 32, the 5th pressure-measuring pipe 33, the 6th pressure-measuring pipe
34, the 7th pressure-measuring pipe
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, invention is further described in detail.It should be appreciated that described herein specific
Embodiment is used only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention, is never limited in protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the experimental rig for silting and constant head infiltration of the present invention, including test mechanism, pressure measuring machine
Structure and Inlet and outlet water mechanism, pressure measuring mechanism and Inlet and outlet water mechanism are mounted on test mechanism；Test mechanism includes testing stand 1 and installation
Test cylinder 2 (using lucite tube, internal diameter 100mm) on testing stand 1, the bottom of test cylinder 2 passes through test cylinder bottom
Plate 3 is mounted on testing stand 1, and the top of test cylinder 2 is equipped with test cylinder top plate 19, offered on test cylinder top plate 19 inlet opening and
Osculum, test cylinder top plate 19 top side detachable head cover 4 is installed, offer first exhaust on test cylinder top plate 19
Hole and the first inlet opening offer and the first inlet opening, matched second inlet opening of the first osculum and second on head cover 4
Gas vent is each passed through the second inlet opening, the first inlet opening and second row stomata, first exhaust convenient for water inlet pipe and drainpipe
Hole and is connected in test cylinder 2 hence into in test cylinder 2, and drain tap is equipped on exhaust pipe, is pacified on water inlet pipe
Equipped with inlet valve；The first pressure tap, the second pressure tap, third pressure tap are offered in the left side of test cylinder 2, in test cylinder 2
Right side opening be equipped with the 4th pressure tap, the 5th pressure tap, the 6th pressure tap, the 7th pressure tap and gap 6, each pressure tap 5
Be connected respectively the first pressure-measuring pipe 28, the second pressure-measuring pipe 29, third pressure-measuring pipe 30, the 4th pressure-measuring pipe 31, the 5th pressure-measuring pipe 32,
6th pressure-measuring pipe 33, the 7th pressure-measuring pipe 34 and overflow pipe, be equipped on pressure-measuring pipe 9 and overflow pipe respectively the first valve 20,
Second valve 21, third valve 22, the 4th valve 24, the 5th valve 25, the 6th valve 26, the 7th valve 27 and gap valve
Door 18, the aperture of each pressure tap 5 are 3-6mm, the second pressure tap and the 4th pressure tap in the same horizontal line, third pressure tap
In the same horizontal line with the 5th pressure tap, corresponding pressure tap center spacing is between the first, second, third pressure-measuring pipe
50mm, corresponding pressure tap center spacing is 50mm between the four, the five, the 6th pressure-measuring pipes, and the six, the 7th pressure-measuring pipes are corresponding
Pressure tap center spacing is 100mm, filter screen is equipped between corresponding valve and pressure-measuring pipe 9, for filtering adopting for the soil body
The filter screen made of copper wire；Test cylinder 2 includes 201 and second test cylinder of dismountable first test cylinder, 202 (the first test cylinder
201 height are 300-400mm, and 202 height of the second test cylinder is 100-150mm), the first test cylinder 201 and the second test cylinder 202
Connect with lower flange 702 by upper flange plate 701, and by O-ring seal by upper flange plate 701 and lower flange 702 it
Between seal, to ensure the good airproof performance between the first test cylinder 201 and the second test cylinder 202, in upper flange plate 701 and lower flange
Sieve 8 (such as net made of metal) is removably installed between disk 702, water outlet is offered in the bottom of experiment tube end plate 3
Hole, for being connected to the outlet pipe 15 in Inlet and outlet water mechanism；Pressure measuring mechanism includes the 9 (pressure measurement of pressure-measuring pipe being mounted on testing stand 1
The internal diameter of pipe 9 is 6mm, length 1000-1500mm) and graduated scale 10 (minimum division value of graduated scale is 1mm), graduated scale
It is arranged in the side of pressure-measuring pipe 9, pressure-measuring pipe 9 is connected to pressure tap 5, is equipped between the corresponding valve of each pressure-measuring pipe 9
One layer of filter screen (using copper mesh made of copper wire, for filtering the soil body), Inlet and outlet water mechanism includes being mounted on testing stand 1
Sliding support 11, sliding support connecting rod 12 and water exit container 13, sliding support connecting rod 12 are mounted on upper sliding support 11,
Water exit container 13 is mounted on by container floor 14 in sliding support connecting rod 12, and water exit container 13 passes through outlet pipe 15 and experiment
The apopore of tube end plate 3 is connected to, and the one end of outlet pipe 15 far from apopore is equipped with titting water outlet 16, and extends to out the water capacity
The inside of device 13, for being connect with external water source, the bottom of water exit container 13 offers water outlet 17.
Experimental rig is stated in use, and constant head permeability test method, the party are carried out for the incoherences material such as sand
Steps are as follows for method：
Step 1. installs sieve 8 among upper flange plate 701 and lower flange 702, and O is installed among upper and lower ring flange
Type sealing ring is bolted upper flange plate and lower flange, for being fixedly connected with the first test cylinder 201 and to seal
Two test cylinders 202；
Step 2. closes the first valve 20, the second valve 21, third valve 22 and the 5th valve 25, opens gap valve
18, titting water outlet 16 is connected to external water source, by the water filling into test cylinder 2 of outlet pipe 15, until water level is higher than sieve 8
Position, wherein sieve 8 be small-bore metal mesh, aperture 1mm；
Sample is layered and is packed into test cylinder 2 by step 3., and every layer of sample 2cm, every layer of sample passes through outlet pipe after installing
15 are filled with water to the top surface of sample to test cylinder 2, last layer of sample should be higher by 7 position 3cm of the 7th valve, and in sample top surface
The gravel layer that paving thickness is 2cm continues to be filled with water to later water from the outflow of gap 6 as buffer layer；
Step 4. checks the water level in the 4th pressure-measuring pipe 31, the 6th pressure-measuring pipe 33, the 7th pressure-measuring pipe 34, when pressure-measuring pipe 9
When the water level of water level and gap 6 is inconsistent, the water level in pressure-measuring pipe is adjusted using rubber pipette bulb, until the water level with gap 6
It flushes；
Position of the step 5. adjusting water outlet pipe 15 on sliding support 11, until the top nozzle position of outlet pipe 15 is higher than
Water inlet pipe is put into test cylinder 2 by the position of gap 6, makes water by top injection testing cylinder 2, is reduced outlet pipe 15 later and is pushed up
The position of end pipe mouth to sample top 1/3 is highly located, and to form water-head, water is made to penetrate into sample, and water is flowed out via water outlet 17,
The water flow velocity in water inlet pipe is adjusted later, so as to be more than the water of seepage flow into the water of test cylinder 2, gap 6 has water always
It overflows, water level is constant in holding test cylinder 2, and sample, which is under constant head, to permeate；
Step 6. measures and records the 4th pressure-measuring pipe 31, the 6th pressure-measuring pipe 33 and the 7th is surveyed after 9 stable level of pressure-measuring pipe
Water level in pressure pipe 34 records water outlet 17 and oozes out water, measures the water temperature at water inlet and at water outlet in required time；
To the middle part of sample, the 5- steps 6 that repeat the above steps measure the top nozzle position of step 7. adjusting water outlet pipe 15
Go out to ooze out water and water temperature；
At the top nozzle position of step 8. adjusting water outlet pipe 15 to the 1/3 of sample lower part, repeat the above steps 5- steps 6
Exudation water and water temperature are measured, until when the data measured under different hydraulic slopes are close, terminates experiment.
Wherein, constant head infiltration coefficient is calculated as follows：
K in formulaT--- the infiltration coefficient of sample, cm/s when water temperature T DEG C；
Q --- amount of seepage, cm3；
L --- the specimen height between two pressure tap centers, 10cm；
A --- specimen cross sectional area, cm2；
H --- average water potential difference, cm；
T --- time, s.
Embodiment 2
Experimental rig is stated in use, and for the vertical permeability test method of geosynthetics, steps are as follows for this method：
Step 1. titting water outlet 16 is connected to external water source, by the water filling into test cylinder 2 of outlet pipe 15, until water level
Higher than the top surface of sieve 8；
The sample that saturated process is crossed is placed on lower flange 702 by step 2., is tried first by bolt and O-ring seal
It tests cylinder 201 and the connection of the second test cylinder 202 and seals, for fixing sample, and by head cover 4 mounted on the experiment of test cylinder 2
On cylinder top plate 19；
Step 3. closes the second valve 21, third valve 22, the 4th valve 24, the 5th valve 25 and the 6th valve 26, adjusts
The top nozzle position of whole outlet pipe 15 to the middle and lower part of test cylinder 2, by with 4 coconnected water inlet pipe of head cover to test cylinder 2
Middle water filling, until the head height difference of the first pressure-measuring pipe 28 of 2 both sides of test cylinder and effluent pipe mouth is 50mm；
Step 4. adjusts the flow rate of water flow of water inlet pipe, so that head difference is reached 70mm (error is ± 5mm), records head difference,
Wait for that head stablizes 30s and measurer is placed under water outlet 17 within the time of 10-60s, for collecting the water by sample
Amount；
When step 5. adjustment head difference is respectively 0.8,0.6,0.4 and 0.2 times of maximum head difference, above-mentioned step is repeated respectively
Rapid 4, terminate to minimum flow rate since peak flow rate (PFR)；
Step 6. records water temperature when experiment respectively.
Vertical permeability coefficient is the flow velocity perpendicular to geotextile plane flowing water under unit hydraulic gradient, is counted as the following formula
It calculates：
Vertical permeability coefficient (mm/s) when k in formula --- water temperature is T；
Q --- amount of seepage, mm3；
δ --- sample thickness, mm；
A --- sample discharge area, mm2；
H --- the head difference of sample both sides, mm；
T --- time, s.
Embodiment 3
Experimental rig is stated in use, and for geosynthetics clogging test method, steps are as follows for this method：
Step 1. is sequentially placed sieve 8 and sample on lower flange 702, is connected with O-ring seal by bolt and close
The first test cylinder 201 and the second test cylinder 202 are sealed, for fixing sample；
Step 2. is packed into the soil sample that height is 100mm in test cylinder 2；
Head cover 4 is mounted on test cylinder 2 by step 3. by bolt, and is equipped between head cover 4 and test cylinder 2 O-shaped
Sealing ring for ensureing the leakproofness between head cover 4 and test cylinder 2, and opens the drain tap on exhaust pipe；
Step 4. closes the 7th valve 27 and gap valve 18, outlet pipe 15 are connected to external water source, control water inlet water
Head is less than 25mm, so that water is flowed slowly into from soil sample bottom, is saturated soil sample, until after water level rises to soil sample top surface, Zhi Houcong
Water inlet pipe water filling into test cylinder 2, drain tap is closed after drain tap is emerged there is no bubble, so as to be filled in test cylinder 2
Full water；
The top nozzle position of step 5. adjusting water outlet pipe 15 and the flow rate of water flow of water inlet pipe, make its hydraulic gradient reach
1.0, after the stable level in pressure-measuring pipe 9, it is constant head to keep water inlet head, and opens the valve on water outlet, and water passes through
Sample carries out seepage flow, measures the water level and water percolating capacity read in pressure-measuring pipe 9 per hour, and continuous measure is read for 24 hours；
It is 2.5,4.0 and 10.0 that step 6., which adjusts separately hydraulic gradient, often adjusts a hydraulic gradient, needs to wait for pressure-measuring pipe
Seepage flow 1.5h is measured to read per hour and be surveyed when it is 10.0 to adjust hydraulic gradient after 9 stable levels and under the hydraulic gradient
Water level in pressure pipe 9 and water percolating capacity, continuous measure are read for 24 hours；
Step 7. terminates experiment, takes out geosynthetics sample, removes surface dust, and drying is weighed.
Gradient ratio is calculated as follows：
GR in formula --- gradient ratio；
δ --- geosynthetics thickness, mm；
H1-2--- the water-head of the first pressure-measuring pipe and the second pressure-measuring pipe, mm；
H2-3--- the water-head of the second pressure-measuring pipe and third pressure-measuring pipe, mm；
L1、L2--- seepage paths is long, mm.
One embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, but the content be only the present invention preferable implementation
Example should not be construed as limiting the practical range of the present invention.It is all according to equivalent variations made by the present patent application range with improve
Deng should all still fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of experimental rig for silting and constant head infiltration, it is characterised in that：Including test mechanism, pressure measuring mechanism and into
Discharge mechanism, the pressure measuring mechanism and Inlet and outlet water mechanism are mounted on test mechanism；
The test mechanism includes testing stand (1) and the test cylinder (2) on testing stand (1), the bottom of the test cylinder (1)
Portion is mounted on by testing tube end plate (3) on the testing stand, and the top of the test cylinder (2) is equipped with test cylinder top plate (19),
The test cylinder top plate (19) top side detachable head cover (4) is installed, offer pressure tap on the test cylinder (2)
(5) and gap (6), the test cylinder (2) includes dismountable first test cylinder (201) and the second test cylinder (202), described
First test cylinder (201) is connect with the second test cylinder (202) by ring flange (7), first test cylinder (201) and described the
Sieve (8) is equipped between two test cylinders (202), the bottom of the experiment tube end plate (3) offers apopore；
The pressure measuring mechanism includes the pressure-measuring pipe (9) being mounted on the testing stand (1) and graduated scale (10), the graduated scale
(10) it is arranged in the side of the pressure-measuring pipe (9), the pressure-measuring pipe (9) is connected to the pressure tap (5), the pressure-measuring pipe (9)
Valve is installed close to one end of pressure tap (5)；
The Inlet and outlet water mechanism includes the sliding support (11) being mounted on testing stand (1), sliding support connecting rod (12) and goes out
Water container (13), the sliding support connecting rod (12) are mounted on the upper sliding support (11), the water exit container (13)
It is mounted in sliding support connecting rod (12) by container floor (14), the water exit container (13) passes through outlet pipe (15) and institute
The apopore connection of experiment tube end plate (3) is stated, the one end of the outlet pipe (15) far from apopore is equipped with titting water outlet
(16), and the inside of the water exit container (13) is extended to, for being connect with external water source, the bottom of the water exit container (13)
Offer water outlet (17).
2. experimental rig according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The ring flange (7) include upper flange plate (701) and
Lower flange (702) installs the sieve (8) between the upper flange plate (701) and lower flange (702).
3. integrated experiment device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The quantity of the pressure tap (5) is 7, and
It is opened in the both sides of the test cylinder (2) respectively, the first pressure tap, the second pressure measurement are followed successively by the left of the test cylinder (2)
Hole, third pressure tap are followed successively by the 4th pressure tap, the 5th pressure tap, the 6th pressure tap and on the right side of the test cylinder (2)
Seven pressure taps, seven pressure taps (5) are connected respectively the first pressure-measuring pipe (28), the second pressure-measuring pipe (29), third pressure measurement
(30), the 4th pressure-measuring pipe (31), the 5th pressure-measuring pipe (32), the 6th pressure-measuring pipe (33) and the 7th pressure-measuring pipe (34) are managed, corresponding
The pressure-measuring pipe (9) on be separately installed with the first valve (20), the second valve (21), third valve (22), the 4th valve
(24), the 5th valve (25), the 6th valve (26) and the 7th valve (27).
4. experimental rig according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The corresponding pressure-measuring pipe of each valve
(9) filter screen is installed between.
5. experimental rig according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The aperture of the pressure tap (5) is 3-6mm.
6. experimental rig according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The gap (6) is equipped with gap valve
(18)。
7. experimental rig according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：First row is offered on the test cylinder top plate (19)
Stomata and the first inlet opening offer on the head cover (4) corresponding with the first row stomata, the position of the first inlet opening
Second row stomata and the second air admission hole, the first row stomata, second row stomata with exhaust pipe for connecting, first water inlet
Hole, the second air admission hole are equipped with drain tap on the exhaust pipe, are installed on the water inlet pipe for being connect with water inlet pipe
There is inlet valve.
8. a kind of constant head permeability test method using the experimental rig described in any one of claim 1-7, feature
It is：This approach includes the following steps：
Step 1. installs the sieve (8) among the upper flange plate (701) and lower flange (702), by bolt and close
Seal connects and seals the upper flange plate (701) and lower flange (702), so that first test cylinder (201) and second
Test cylinder (202) is connected and is sealed；
Step 2. closes the first valve (20), the second valve (21), third valve (22) and the 5th valve (25), opens gap
Titting water outlet (16) is connected to by valve (18) with external water source, by outlet pipe (15) to test cylinder (2) interior water filling, water filling
It is higher than the position of the sieve (8) to water level；
Sample layering is packed into the test cylinder (2) by step 3., and every layer of sample 2-3cm, every layer of sample passes through institute after installing
The top surface that outlet pipe (15) is filled with water to sample to test cylinder (2) is stated, last layer of sample should be higher by the 7th valve (27)
Position 3-4cm, and the gravel layer for being 2cm in sample top surface paving thickness continue to be filled with water to later water from the gap (6) stream
Go out；
Step 4. checks the water level in the 4th pressure-measuring pipe (31), the 6th pressure-measuring pipe (33), the 7th pressure-measuring pipe (34), adjusts and surveys
Water level in pressure pipe (9) makes it be flushed with the water level of the gap (6)；
Step 5. adjusts position of the outlet pipe (15) on sliding support (11), until the top nozzle position of outlet pipe (15)
The position higher than the gap (6) is set, water inlet pipe is put into the test cylinder (2), makes water by top injection testing cylinder
(2), position to the sample top 1/3 for reducing the top nozzle of outlet pipe (15) later is highly located, to form water level official post
Water penetrates into sample, and water is flowed out via the water outlet (17), the water flow velocity in the water inlet pipe is adjusted later, so that described in
The water of test cylinder (2) is more than the water of seepage flow, and the gap (6) has water spilling, keeps the test cylinder (2) interior water always
Invariant position, sample, which is under constant head, to permeate；
Step 6. after the pressure-measuring pipe (9) stable level, measure and record the 4th pressure-measuring pipe (31), the 6th pressure-measuring pipe (33) and
Water level in 7th pressure-measuring pipe (34) records the water outlet (17) exudation water, measures at water inlet and be discharged in required time
The water temperature at place；
Step 7. adjusts the top nozzle position of the outlet pipe (15) to the middle part of the sample, and repeat the above steps 5- steps
6 measure exudation water and water temperature；
Step 8. is adjusted at the top nozzle position to the 1/3 of the sample lower part of the outlet pipe (15), is repeated the above steps
5- steps 6 measure exudation water and water temperature, until when the data measured under different hydraulic slopes are close, off-test.
9. a kind of vertical permeability test side of geosynthetics using the experimental rig described in any one of claim 1-7
Method, it is characterised in that：This approach includes the following steps：
Titting water outlet described in step 1. (16) is connected to external water source, by the outlet pipe (15) to the test cylinder (2)
Water filling, until water level is higher than the top surface of sieve (8)；
The sample of saturated process is placed on the lower flange (702) by step 2., by bolt and sealing ring by described first
Test cylinder (201) and the second test cylinder (202) connection and sealing, the head cover (4) is on the test cylinder (2)；
Step 3. closes the second valve (21), third valve (22), the 4th valve (24), the 5th valve (25) and the 6th valve
(26), the top nozzle position of the outlet pipe is adjusted to the middle and lower part of test cylinder (2), by being connected to on the head cover (4)
Water inlet pipe water filling into the test cylinder (2), until the test cylinder (2) both sides first pressure-measuring pipe (28) and water outlet
The head height difference of the top surface of pipe fitting (16) is 50mm；
Step 4. adjusts the flow rate of water flow of the water inlet pipe, and head difference is made to reach 70mm, records head difference, waits for that head is stablized at least
Measurer is placed under the water outlet (17) by 30s in 10-60s, for collecting the water by sample；
When step 5. adjustment head difference is respectively 0.8,0.6,0.4 and 0.2 times of maximum head difference, 4 are repeated the above steps,
Terminate to minimum flow rate since peak flow rate (PFR)；
Step 6. records water temperature when experiment respectively.
10. a kind of geosynthetics clogging test method using the experimental rig described in any one of claim 1-7,
It is characterized in that：This approach includes the following steps：
Step 1. is sequentially placed sieve (8) and sample on the lower flange (702), is connected with sealing ring by bolt and close
Seal first test cylinder (201) and the second test cylinder (202)；
Step 2. is packed into the soil sample that height is 100mm in the test cylinder (2)；
The head cover (4) is mounted on the test cylinder (2) by step 3. by bolt, and installs sealing ring, for ensureing top
The leakproofness between (4) and test cylinder (2) is covered, and opens the drain tap on exhaust pipe；
Step 4. closes the 7th valve (27) and gap valve (18), the outlet pipe (15) are connected to external water source, controls
Head of intaking is less than 25mm, so that water flows slowly into saturation soil sample from soil sample bottom, until water level rises to soil sample top surface 5-
After 20mm, later from water inlet pipe to the test cylinder (2) interior water filling, the row of closing after the drain tap is emerged there is no bubble
Air valve, so as to be full of water in the test cylinder (2)；
Step 5. adjusts the top nozzle position of the outlet pipe (15) and the flow rate of water flow of water inlet pipe, its hydraulic gradient is made to reach
1.0, after the stable level in the pressure-measuring pipe (9), it is constant head water to keep water inlet head, carries out seepage flow by sample, often
Hour measures the water level and water percolating capacity read in the pressure-measuring pipe (9), continuous to measure reading for 24 hours；
It is 2.5,4.0 and 10.0 that step 6., which adjusts separately hydraulic gradient, often adjusts a hydraulic gradient, needs to wait for the pressure-measuring pipe
(9) at least seepage flow 1.5h is measured read per hour when it is 10.0 to adjust hydraulic gradient after stable level and under the hydraulic gradient
The water level and water percolating capacity in the pressure-measuring pipe (9) are taken, continuous measure is read for 24 hours；
Step 7. terminates experiment, takes out geosynthetics sample, removes surface dust, and drying is weighed.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109374508A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-02-22 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | A kind of tailing row's infiltration system silting imitative experimental appliance and experimental method |
| CN112729766A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-30 | 西安理工大学 | Undercurrent exchange test device capable of adjusting water supply mode and test method thereof |
| CN112945826A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 河海大学 | Gradient ratio experimental device and experimental method |
| CN113295846A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-24 | 合肥工业大学 | Test device and test method for detecting MICP (micro-emulsified asphalt) solidified polluted soil effect |
| CN114324113A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 福州大学 | Test device and method for measuring permeability coefficient and permeability path of soil-structure interface |
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| CN112945826A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 河海大学 | Gradient ratio experimental device and experimental method |
| CN112945826B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-09-30 | 河海大学 | Gradient ratio experimental device and experimental method |
| CN113295846A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-24 | 合肥工业大学 | Test device and test method for detecting MICP (micro-emulsified asphalt) solidified polluted soil effect |
| CN113295846B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2023-08-11 | 合肥工业大学 | Test device and test method for detecting effect of MICP solidified polluted soil |
| CN114324113A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 福州大学 | Test device and method for measuring permeability coefficient and permeability path of soil-structure interface |
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