CN108801865A - A kind of sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction experimental provision and method - Google Patents
A kind of sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction experimental provision and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108801865A CN108801865A CN201810552191.0A CN201810552191A CN108801865A CN 108801865 A CN108801865 A CN 108801865A CN 201810552191 A CN201810552191 A CN 201810552191A CN 108801865 A CN108801865 A CN 108801865A
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 101150038956 cup-4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010429 evolutionary process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001550 time effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
A kind of sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction experimental provision and method, device include that sand sample loads container, water loads container, overflow sand collection vessel, overflow water collect measuring cup, pedestal, shake table, filter screen, regulating valve, tachograph, flowmeter, pore water pressure sensor and transparent capillary.Method is:It samples and measures physical index, sample is sieved by particle size range, it is loaded in container to sand sample and loads sample, sample is handled by relative compaction, measure initial void ratio, transparent capillary is inserted into sample, valve opening water filling, observe and acquire saturation and full waterline, until sample is saturated and closes valve, set vibration parameters, Vibration on Start-up platform, it is persistently overflowed using water sand mixture as liquefaction opening flag, stop tilting until overflowing end and transparent capillary, close shake table, record liquefaction duration, settling amount and pore water pressure, it dries and weighs and overflow sand, record overflows water, adjust relative compaction and vibration parameters, implement contrast experiment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sand liquefaction experimental technique fields, liquefy and test more particularly to a kind of sand grains gradient fatigue
Device and method.
Background technology
Currently, during opencast mining, answering for a large amount of basement rock overlying thickness saturated sand geological conditions is often faced
Side slope is closed, in the layer of sand of composite slope, tiny sand grains can form hydraulic gradient under the effect of high water head difference, while can also bear
The vibrations such as vehicle dynamic load, mine shake, explosion, and under effect of vibration, the tiny inviscid sand grains near vibration source, meeting
Because gradient fatigue liquefaction phenomenon occurs for grain size and the different of proportion, and sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction phenomenon is one progressive
Accumulation, and there is apparent time effect.
It is tiny inviscid when sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction phenomenon occurs for the composite slope at opencast mining scene
Sand grains can migrate with the seepage flow of underground water, and then cause composite slope that latent erosion, top of the slope cracking and landslide occurs and lose
Surely, to jeopardize mining safety.
The experimental provision for being used to study sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction phenomenon at this stage is very deficient, and relative one
A little experimental provisions are also mainly used for simulating routed sand and water sand migration phenomenon during Piping phenomenon and underground mining, but all without
The lower sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction phenomenon occurred of method analog vibration effect.
Invention content
In view of the problems of the existing technology, a kind of sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction experimental provision of present invention offer and side
Method by vibrations such as vehicle dynamic load, mine shake, the explosions at simulation opencast mining scene, can be reappeared not in laboratory environments
The liquefied process of gradient fatigue occurs with the inviscid sand grains of grain size and proportion, can get and sand grains gradient fatigue liquid
Change relevant vibration parameters, sand physical index and sand grains and match level data, help is established based on vibration parameters and sand object
Property index sand grains gradient fatigue Liquefaction Criterion in China, by observe liquefaction zone dynamic expansion evolutionary process, to take off
Show that the liquefied induction mechanism of sand grains gradient fatigue of chiltern composite slope provides completely new means.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:A kind of sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction experiment
Device, including sand sample loads container, water loads container, overflow sand collection vessel, overflow water collect measuring cup and pedestal;Institute
It states sand sample and loads container and water loading container by the counter sink fixed placement of base upper surface on pedestal, water loads
Container bottom offers apopore, and loading container bottom in the sand sample offers inlet opening, and sand sample loads container
Inlet opening and water load the apopore of container between be connected by pipeline, regulating valve, flow velocity are sequentially installed on pipeline
Table and flowmeter;Container middle and upper part is loaded in the sand sample and offers spout hole, and spout hole is circumscribed with overflowing bent pipe;It is described
Overflow sand collection vessel, which is fixed by the bracket, to be positioned on pedestal, and filter screen is equipped in overflow sand collection vessel,
Overflow sand collection vessel bottom below filter screen offers osculum, and osculum is circumscribed with vertical drainpipe, described
Overflow water is collected measuring cup and is located at immediately below drainpipe, overflow water collection measuring cup by the counter sink fixed placement of base upper surface in
On pedestal;The pedestal is fixedly installed on shake table.
It is fixed with several pore water pressure sensors, and several pore waters on the inner wall that the sand sample loads container
Pressure sensor is evenly arranged along short transverse.
After the sand sample, which loads, fills sand sample in container, it is fitted with one vertically in sand sample thoroughly
Bright capillary, and the depth of transparent capillary insertion sand sample is at least the 1/3 of transparent capillary tube length.
A kind of sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction experimental method uses the sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction experiment
Device includes the following steps:
Step 1:Sand sample is acquired, and measures the physical index of sand sample, physical index includes proportion, largest hole
Gap ratio, minimum void ratio, maximal density and minimum density;
Step 2:Sand sample is sieved according to the particle size range set, then the sand sample sieved is put down
It is divided into several pieces;
Step 3:Appoint and a sand sample is taken to be packed into sand sample loading container, and is relatively close according to what is set
Solidity handles sand sample, while measuring the initial void ratio of sand sample, after sand sample loads, ensures sand
The upper surface of sample and the lower end of spout hole are tangent;
Step 4:Transparent capillary is inserted vertically into sand sample, and insertion depth is at least transparent capillary tube body
The 1/3 of length;
Step 5:Regulating valve is opened, while adjusting the aperture of regulating valve, so that water filling flow velocity and injection flow is met setting and wants
It asks, ensures that water loads entering in sand sample loading container by pipeline for the water stabilization in container;
Step 6:The Dynamic Evolution for observing the saturation and full waterline of sand sample in the injecting process, acquires simultaneously
The distributed data of saturation and full waterline;
Step 7:When thering is flow persistently to overflow in spout hole, illustrate that sand sample reaches saturation state, closes adjust at this time
Valve is saved, while the liquid level in transparent capillary also reaches stable, overflow water, which is then collected the saturation collected in measuring cup, overflows
Go out in water back flow water loading container and is reused;
Step 8:Setting one group of vibration parameters, vibration parameters include amplitude, vibration frequency, oscillation intensity and mode of vibration,
Then Vibration on Start-up platform;
Step 9:When there is water sand mixture persistently to overflow in spout hole, then start the mark occurred as liquefaction phenomenon,
In vibrating loading procedure, the change procedure of liquid level and the tilting procedure of transparent capillary in transparent capillary are observed,
When anhydrous sand mixture spilling and transparent capillary stop tilting spout hole again, shake table is closed, liquid is then recorded
Change duration, settling amount and pore water pressure data;
Step 10:The sand grains object filtered down in overflow sand collection vessel is taken out, then is dried, it is then right
Sand grains object after drying is weighed, while being recorded overflow water and being collected the spilling water that measuring cup measures;
Step 11:Step 3 is repeated to step 10, while adjusting the relative compaction of sand sample and shaking for shake table
Dynamic parameter, completes multigroup parallel contrast experiment.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction experimental provision and method of the present invention, can pass through simulation in laboratory environments
The vibrations such as vehicle dynamic load, mine shake, the explosion at opencast mining scene reappear the inviscid sand grains of different-grain diameter and proportion
The liquefied process of gradient fatigue occurs, can get and refer to the relevant vibration parameters of sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction, sand physical property
Mark and sand grains match level data, help the sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction for being established based on vibration parameters and sand physical index
Discrimination standard, by observing the dynamic expansion evolutionary process of liquefaction zone, to disclose the sand grains gradient of chiltern composite slope
The liquefied induction mechanism of fatigue provides completely new means.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction experimental provision of the present invention;
In figure, 1-sand sample loads container, and 2-water load container, 3-overflow sand collection vessels, 4-overflow waters
Collect measuring cup, 5-pedestals, 6-regulating valves, 7-tachographs, 8-flowmeters, 9-overflowing bent pipes, 10-holders, 11-filterings
Net, 12-drainpipes, 13-pore water pressure sensors, 14-sand samples, 15-transparent capillaries.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
The experimental provision as shown in Figure 1, a kind of sand grains gradient fatigue liquefies, including sand sample load container 1, water dress
It carries container 2, overflow sand collection vessel 3, overflow water and collects measuring cup 4 and pedestal 5;The sand sample loads container 1 and water dress
Container 2 is carried by the counter sink fixed placement of 5 upper surface of pedestal on pedestal 5, water loads 2 bottom of container and offers water outlet
Hole loads 1 bottom of container in the sand sample and offers inlet opening, and sand sample loads the inlet opening of container 1 and water loads
It is connected by pipeline between the apopore of container 2, regulating valve 6, tachograph 7 and flowmeter 8 is sequentially installed on pipeline;?
The sand sample loads 1 middle and upper part of container and offers spout hole, and spout hole is circumscribed with overflowing bent pipe 9;The overflow sand is received
Collect container 3 by 10 fixed placement of holder on pedestal 5, filter screen 11 is installed in overflow sand collection vessel 3, is being filtered
3 bottom of overflow sand collection vessel of 11 lower section of net offers osculum, and osculum is circumscribed with vertical drainpipe 12, institute
It states overflow water collection measuring cup 4 to be located at immediately below drainpipe 12, it is solid by the counter sink of 5 upper surface of pedestal that overflow water collects measuring cup 4
Surely it is positioned on pedestal 5;The pedestal 5 is fixedly installed on shake table.
It is fixed with several pore water pressure sensors 13, and several holes on the inner wall that the sand sample loads container 1
Gap water pressure sensor 13 is evenly arranged along short transverse.
After the sand sample, which loads, fills sand sample 14 in container 1, it is fitted with vertically in sand sample 14
A piece transparent capillary 15, and the depth of the insertion sand of transparent capillary 15 sample 14 is at least 15 tube length of transparent capillary
1/3.
A kind of sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction experimental method uses the sand grains gradient fatigue liquefaction experiment
Device includes the following steps:
Step 1:Sand sample 14 is acquired, and measures the physical index of sand sample 14, physical index includes proportion, most
Macrovoid ratio, minimum void ratio, maximal density and minimum density;In the present embodiment, sand sample 14 acquires two kinds altogether, the first
Sand sample 14 is net river sand, and second of sand sample 14 is open-pit slope fine sand, the object of the sand sample 14 specifically measured
Property index is shown in Table 1;
Step 2:Sand sample 14 is sieved according to the particle size range set, then the sand sample that will have been sieved
14 are divided into several pieces;In the present embodiment, net river sand is sieved according to the particle size range of 0.3~3mm, according to 0.05~
The particle size range of 0.35mm sieves open-pit slope fine sand, and net river sand and open-pit slope fine sand are all averaged point
At 12 parts;
Step 3:Appoint and a sand sample 14 is taken to be packed into sand sample loading container 1, and is opposite according to what is set
Compactness handles sand sample 14, while measuring the initial void ratio of sand sample 14, after sand sample 14 loads,
The lower end of the upper surface and spout hole that ensure sand sample 14 is tangent;
Step 4:Transparent capillary 15 is inserted vertically into sand sample 14, and insertion depth is at least transparent capillary
The 1/3 of 15 tube lengths;
Step 5:Regulating valve 6 is opened, while adjusting the aperture of regulating valve 6, water filling flow velocity and injection flow is made to meet setting
It is required that ensureing that water loads entering in sand sample loading container 1 by pipeline for the water stabilization in container 2;
Step 6:The Dynamic Evolution for observing the saturation and full waterline of sand sample 14 in the injecting process, is adopted simultaneously
Collect the distributed data of saturation and full waterline;
Step 7:When thering is flow persistently to overflow in spout hole, illustrates that sand sample 14 reaches saturation state, close at this time
Then overflow water is collected and to be collected in measuring cup 4 by regulating valve 6, while the liquid level in transparent capillary 15 also reaches stable
Saturation is overflowed to be reused in water back flow water loading container 2;
Step 8:Setting one group of vibration parameters, vibration parameters include amplitude, vibration frequency, oscillation intensity and mode of vibration,
Then Vibration on Start-up platform;
Step 9:When there is water sand mixture persistently to overflow in spout hole, then start the mark occurred as liquefaction phenomenon,
In vibrating loading procedure, the change procedure of liquid level and being tilted over for transparent capillary 15 in transparent capillary 15 are observed
Journey is closed shake table, is then recorded when anhydrous sand mixture spilling and transparent capillary 15 stop tilting spout hole again
Lower liquefaction duration, settling amount and pore water pressure data;
Step 10:The sand grains object filtered down in overflow sand collection vessel 3 is taken out, then is dried, then
It weighs to the sand grains object after drying, while recording overflow water and collecting the spilling water that measuring cup 4 measures;
Step 11:Step 3 is repeated to step 10, while adjusting the relative compaction and shake table of sand sample 14
Vibration parameters complete multigroup parallel contrast test.
In the present embodiment, 12 parts of net river sands are divided into three groups, and every group includes four parts of net river sands, first group of net river sand it is opposite
Compactness is set as 14%, and the relative compaction of second group of net river sand is set as 45%, and the relative compaction of the net river sand of third group is set as
78%;The vibration frequency that three groups of net river sands are loaded is set as 8Hz, and oscillation intensity is set as 50%, and mode of vibration is all provided with
Be set to horizontal direction, and the amplitude that four parts of net river sands in same group are loaded is different, amplitude be followed successively by 1mm, 2mm, 3mm,
4mm finally can get experimental data as shown in Table 2.
In the present embodiment, 12 parts of open-pit slope fine sands are divided into three groups, and every group includes four parts of open-pit slope fine sands, the
The relative compaction of one group of open-pit slope fine sand is set as 12%, and the relative compaction of second group of open-pit slope fine sand is set as
41%, the relative compaction of third group open-pit slope fine sand is set as 74%, the vibration that three groups of open-pit slope fine sands are loaded
Frequency is set as 8Hz, and oscillation intensity is set as 50%, and mode of vibration is set as horizontal direction, and four in same group
The amplitude that part open-pit slope fine sand is loaded is different, and amplitude is followed successively by 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, final to can get such as table 3
Shown in experimental data.
Scheme in embodiment be not to limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention, it is all without departing from carried out by the present invention etc.
Effect implements or change, is both contained in the scope of the claims of this case.
The physical index of 1 sand sample of table
Physical index | Symbol | Net river sand | Open-pit slope fine sand |
Proportion | Gs | 2.59 | 2.66 |
Maximum void ratio | emax | 0.65 | 0.84 |
Minimum void ratio | emin | 0.43 | 0.61 |
Maximal density (kN/m3) | ρmax | 18.55 | 16.69 |
Minimum density (kN/m3) | ρmin | 15.62 | 14.59 |
The experimental data of 2 net river sand of table
The experimental data of 3 open-pit slope fine sand of table
Claims (4)
- The experimental provision 1. a kind of sand grains gradient fatigue liquefies, it is characterised in that:Container is loaded including sand sample, water loads Container, overflow sand collection vessel, overflow water collect measuring cup and pedestal;The sand sample loads container and water loading container is equal By the counter sink fixed placement of base upper surface on pedestal, water loads container bottom and offers apopore, in the sand Sample loads container bottom and offers inlet opening, and sand sample loads between the inlet opening of container and the apopore of water loading container It is connected by pipeline, regulating valve, tachograph and flowmeter is sequentially installed on pipeline;Container is loaded in the sand sample Middle and upper part offers spout hole, and spout hole is circumscribed with overflowing bent pipe;The overflow sand collection vessel is fixed by the bracket placement In on pedestal, filter screen is installed in overflow sand collection vessel, the overflow sand collection vessel bottom below filter screen Osculum is offered, osculum is circumscribed with vertical drainpipe, and the overflow water is collected measuring cup and is located at immediately below drainpipe, overflows Flowing water collects measuring cup by the counter sink fixed placement of base upper surface on pedestal;The pedestal is fixedly installed in shake table On.
- The experimental provision 2. a kind of sand grains gradient fatigue according to claim 1 liquefies, it is characterised in that:In the sand Several pore water pressure sensors are fixed on the inner wall of soil sample loading container, and several pore water pressure sensors are along height Direction is evenly arranged.
- The experimental provision 3. a kind of sand grains gradient fatigue according to claim 1 liquefies, it is characterised in that:When the sand After filling sand sample in soil sample loading container, it is fitted with a transparent capillary vertically in sand sample, and transparent The depth that capillary is inserted into sand sample is at least the 1/3 of transparent capillary tube length.
- The experimental method 4. a kind of sand grains gradient fatigue liquefies uses sand grains gradient fatigue described in claim 1 Liquefy experimental provision, it is characterised in that includes the following steps:Step 1:Acquire sand sample, and measure the physical index of sand sample, physical index include proportion, maximum void ratio, Minimum void ratio, maximal density and minimum density;Step 2:Sand sample is sieved according to the particle size range set, then the sand sample mean sieved is divided At several pieces;Step 3:Appoint and a sand sample is taken to be packed into sand sample loading container, and according to the relative compaction set Sand sample is handled, while measuring the initial void ratio of sand sample, after sand sample loads, ensures sand sample Upper surface and spout hole lower end it is tangent;Step 4:Transparent capillary is inserted vertically into sand sample, and insertion depth is at least transparent capillary tube length 1/3;Step 5:Regulating valve is opened, while adjusting the aperture of regulating valve, water filling flow velocity and injection flow is made to meet sets requirement, Ensure that water loads entering in sand sample loading container by pipeline for the water stabilization in container;Step 6:The Dynamic Evolution of the saturation and full waterline of sand sample in the injecting process is observed, while acquiring infiltration The distributed data of line and full waterline;Step 7:When thering is flow persistently to overflow in spout hole, illustrate that sand sample reaches saturation state, closes adjust at this time Valve, while the liquid level in transparent capillary also reaches stable, and then overflow water is collected to the saturation collected in measuring cup overflowed Water back flow water loads to be reused in container;Step 8:Set one group of vibration parameters, vibration parameters include amplitude, vibration frequency, oscillation intensity and mode of vibration, then Vibration on Start-up platform;Step 9:When there is water sand mixture persistently to overflow in spout hole, then starts the mark occurred as liquefaction phenomenon, shaking In dynamic loading procedure, the change procedure of liquid level and the tilting procedure of transparent capillary in transparent capillary are observed, until Anhydrous sand mixture overflows and when transparent capillary stops tilting spout hole again, shake table is closed, when then recording liquefaction Long, settling amount and pore water pressure data;Step 10:The sand grains object filtered down in overflow sand collection vessel is taken out, then is dried, then to drying Sand grains object afterwards is weighed, while being recorded overflow water and being collected the spilling water that measuring cup measures;Step 11:Step 3 is repeated to step 10, while adjusting the relative compaction of sand sample and the vibration ginseng of shake table Number completes multigroup parallel contrast experiment.
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CN111650120A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-09-11 | 青岛理工大学 | Sand water bottom sediment dynamic response test system |
CN112525758A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-03-19 | 黄华秋 | Sand liquefaction discriminating device based on artificial intelligence internet |
CN113552037A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-10-26 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for testing dual-porosity seepage parameters of garbage |
CN111272508B (en) * | 2020-02-29 | 2024-05-17 | 天津大学 | Device for loading dry particles into Hall-Shore thin plate by adopting pneumatic force |
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