CN108801433A - The continuous measurement system and method for the transparent medium major skock adiabat upper body velocity of sound - Google Patents
The continuous measurement system and method for the transparent medium major skock adiabat upper body velocity of sound Download PDFInfo
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- CN108801433A CN108801433A CN201810367604.8A CN201810367604A CN108801433A CN 108801433 A CN108801433 A CN 108801433A CN 201810367604 A CN201810367604 A CN 201810367604A CN 108801433 A CN108801433 A CN 108801433A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H5/00—Measuring propagation velocity of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. of pressure waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The present invention proposes the continuous measurement system and method for a kind of transparent medium major skock adiabat upper body velocity of sound, the body velocity of sound on transparent medium major skock adiabat can be continuously measured in single-shot experiment, using thump to the reflection characteristic of exploring laser light and imaging system to the sensibility of reflecting surface face type, the space tracking for recording the plane size chain boundary of the speed history for obtaining shock wave front and lateral sparse generation simultaneously, the body velocity of sound after wave is associated with shock velocity to obtain the body velocity of sound after shock wave;Present invention reduces the harsh limitations to loading environment, while taking full advantage of the spatial information of imaging system, realize super-pressure measurement by impulsive sound.
Description
Technical field
A kind of acoustic velocity measutement field in being studied the present invention relates to high pressure state equation, and in particular to transparent medium major skock
The continuous measurement system and method for the adiabat upper body velocity of sound, can realize super-pressure measurement by impulsive sound.
Background technology
The response characteristic of material under high pressure for the earth and planetary physics, inertial confinement fusion and first principle
Multiple physical study fields such as modeling are of great significance.In the various characterizations of material response characteristic, the velocity of sound reflects small answer
The propagation characteristic of force-disturbance in the medium carries the various modulus information of material, is material under certain thermodynamic state
A kind of mechanical attribute is research material state equation, constitutive relation, phase transformation (including solid-solid phase-change) and substance composition etc.
Important means.In planetary physics and weapon physical study, pressure limit can reach million to ten million atmospheric level, and
Acoustic velocity measutement under so high pressure always is the significant difficulty that high-pressure physics research faces.
Impact compress is to obtain the main means of high pressure, and the principal mode of impact compress is shock wave, is not before shock wave
The substance of compression is compressed substance after shock wave, and the thickness of shock wave is very thin, it is believed that is that an interruption is jumped
Jump.It is connected from state after the different shock waves of normal temperature and pressure original state and just constitutes shock adiabatic curve.Impact is exhausted
The measurement result of the velocity of sound can directly calculate state equation Gr ü neisen coefficients on hot line.
In order to measure the velocity of sound of the material under impact compress state, needs to introduce small stress in state after shock wave and disturb
It is dynamic, measure the spread speed of microvariations in this state.Under uniaxial strain loading environment, disturbance that there are two main classes:It is laterally small
Disturbance and longitudinal microvariations, it is practical measure in mainly unloading disturbance.The famous shock dynamics expert Al ' of Russia
The forerunner for the Measurements of sound velocities in shock that tshuler professors L.V. are just has carried out various metals material early in nineteen sixty
Acoustic velocity measutement under 100GPa surges has carried out experimental study to laterally disturbance and longitudinal disturbance.Wherein lateral disturbance side
Method is to record the sparse permanent shock wave one-dimensional plane range to reaching sample rear surface of avris with streak camera, due at that time
Test condition under disturbance boundary measurement accuracy it is limited, therefore later stage research is mainly to pursue sparse longitudinal perturbation motion method
It is main.Nineteen eighty-two, McQueen, Hopson et al et al. improve the method for pursuing sparseness measuring longitudinal wave velocity, propose
Optical analysis greatly advances the research of the impact velocity of sound.Its principle is that bromofom etc. is introduced after sample under Impulsive load
Strong luminescence and the luminous intensity window material very sensitive to pressure determine rarefaction wave by the Strength Changes for recording luminous
Arrival time, and then provide longitudinal wave velocity and the body velocity of sound.After the nineties in last century, with high time resolution
Interference velocity measuring technique development, pursue the sparse time measure while can obtain corresponding particle rapidity, to
The velocity of sound on the corresponding unloading line of wave profile failing edge can be provided.The team that fluid physics research institute professor Tan Hua leads is rushing
A large amount of work has been done in terms of hitting acoustic velocity measutement, Typical Metals have been directed within 200GPa, to longitudinal wave velocity, body sound velocity
And the problems such as relevant intensity, phase transformation into a series of researchs have been carried out, have higher influence power in the world.At present, right
Main means, the maximum that this method encounters still are measured as with the longitudinal wave transition time in the acoustic velocity measutement on major skock adiabat
Problem is exactly to need the shock wave of a permanent propagation, since DIRECT ENERGY deposits (such as high power laser light, high energy particle at this stage
Beam etc.) generate shock wave stability be still unlikely to film flying hit compared with, either central collision or opposite direction collisions is required for
Ensure film flying itself state and thickness it is known that under these constraintss existing film flying actuation techniques (gas big gun driven flyer plates
8km/s, Magnetic driving film flying 30km/s) it is difficult measurement by impulsive sound (the especially Low ESR that satisfaction carries out high pressure section with chasing method
Sample) required precision.
Therefore, existing acoustic velocity measutement has the following defects:
The shock wave that disadvantage one, super-pressure stable state are propagated is difficult to realize, therefore the pursuit process of the propagation of disturbance can not be accurate
The really reflection velocity of sound.
The shock wave that stable state is propagated all is to be hit to generate with High Speed Flyer, and current pressure is reached the standard grade as millions of air
Pressure.Experiment will form the shock wave of higher pressure, typically with other type of drive, such as high-peak power laser, pulse power
The characteristics of device etc., these devices is the particularly stable shock wave being hardly formed.So driven method is not suitable for super-pressure
Acoustic velocity measutement.
Disadvantage two, only measurement sample back-surface side can not accurately provide shock wave front bending point to Sparse methods, also with regard to nothing
Method accurately provides velocity of sound result
The work of the former Soviet Union is that is measured is the shock-wave luminescence signal of free surfaces of specimen, is only capable of the front and back of resoluting signal appearance
Difference cannot be entirely clear the essential distinction for providing plane area and non-planar area, so the accuracy of identification of bending point is very poor, from
And velocity of sound result is also very poor.
Invention content
To overcome above-mentioned existing acoustic velocity measutement, the present invention to propose that a kind of transparent medium major skock is adiabatic
The continuous measurement system and method for the line upper body velocity of sound can continuously measure in single-shot experiment on transparent medium major skock adiabat
The body velocity of sound, the reflection characteristic and imaging system of exploring laser light remember the sensibility of reflecting surface face type simultaneously using thump
Record obtains the space tracking of the speed history of shock wave front and the plane size chain boundary of lateral sparse generation, by the body velocity of sound after wave
It is associated with shock velocity to obtain the body velocity of sound after shock wave;Present invention reduces the harsh limitations to loading environment, together
When take full advantage of the spatial information of imaging system, realize super-pressure measurement by impulsive sound.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The continuous measurement system of the transparent medium major skock adiabat upper body velocity of sound, the system include load maintainer, substrate, wait for
Sample and line imaging diagnostic system;
The load maintainer is used to generate the unsteady shock wave under Tpa pressure along major skock adiabat, realizes laterally flat
The one-dimensional load in face;It is disposed with substrate, sample to be tested and line imaging diagnostic system along unsteady shock motion direction;It is described
Sample to be tested is transparent sheet, and the transparent sheet is tightly attached on substrate, and side is the scope of freedom and perpendicular to substrate, and described
Side is located in the line imaging diagnostic system visual field;
At the time of unsteady shock wave corresponds to shock wave at the time of reaching substrate surface and enters sample, the line imaging diagnoses
System start recording shock wave initially enters time, speed and the plane shock reflection that sample leaves sample to shock wave
Boundary locus data, data obtain the relationship of the velocity of sound and shock velocity after shock wave after being handled.
When state after SHOCK COMPRESSION meets or exceeds sample metal or ionized state, medium is for detection after wave
Laser strong reflection, the reflection signal of plane size chain can be with Return Detecting System, and lateral sparse can cause close to vertical boundary
Shock velocity it is slack-off, be bent backward to show as shock wave front, the corrugated of bending reflection signal can not return to detection system
System, as rarefaction wave is gradually to plane area internal communication, the reflections of high brightness area measured tapers into, this highlight regions
Boundary is the track (i.e. plane size chain reflecting boundary track) of shock wave bending point.
Specifically, the load maintainer directly irradiates ablation layer generation shock wave for high power laser light enters substrate.
Specifically, the load maintainer is High Speed Flyer, film flying hits substrate, forms shock wave in a substrate.
Specifically, the load maintainer is the x-ray irradiation ablation that high power laser light induces generation in heavy metal cavity
Layer generates shock wave and enters substrate, and the substrate includes separation layer and base, and separation layer is arranged in the base towards load maintainer
In level, the preheating effect for eliminating X-ray and electronics to substrate and sample generation.
Specifically, the separation layer is made of heavy metal element, the base is made of aluminum.
Specifically, the relationship based on pressure sizing Yu material high pressure conditions, according to directly measuring obtained shock velocity
UsWith the sparse boundary of avris, pressure sizing C is obtainedb
In formula, CbFor the velocity of sound, UsFor the shock velocity actually measured, UpFor the satellite speed in propagation process of sound wave, α
For the angle of the tangent line and shock motion direction of the sparse track of shock wave avris.
Further, in order to reduce the influence of interference fringe, the line imaging diagnostic system includes interference velocity-measuring system and non-
Interfere light echo brightness measurement system.
In addition, being based on above-mentioned continuous measurement system, the present invention also proposes a kind of transparent medium major skock adiabat upper body sound
The method for continuous measuring of speed, this approach includes the following steps:
1) measuring system is installed:Equipment mounting arrangement is measured according to above-mentioned continuous measurement system, when installation, waits for test sample
Product are tightly attached on substrate, and side is the scope of freedom and perpendicular to substrate, ensure this vertical side of sample to be tested be located at line at
As in diagnostic system visual field, the distance of visual field border to the vertical side of sample area is more than 1.5 times of thickness of sample;
2) continuous to measure:Load maintainer generates the laterally uniform one-dimensional load shock wave of plane, shock wave by substrate into
Enter sample to be tested, initially entering sample to be tested to shock wave by line imaging system record shock wave leaves rushing for sample to be tested process
Hit the space tracking on the plane size chain boundary of wave velocity, transition time and lateral sparse generation;
3) data processing:By the way that the body velocity of sound after wave to be associated with shock velocity, it is based on the impact directly measured
Wave velocity, transition time and the sparse track data of shock wave avris, obtain the body velocity of sound after wave.
The present invention has the advantage that and advantageous effect:
1, the continuous measurement system and method for the transparent medium major skock adiabat upper body proposed by the present invention velocity of sound, the system
And method can form thump load in transparent medium, and transparent medium super-pressure section master can be obtained in an experimentation
The consecutive variations of the shock adiabatic curve upper body velocity of sound, overcoming existing acoustic velocity measutement, once experiment is only capable of measuring on shock adiabatic curve
The defect of one state point, certain present invention, which can not only realize, once to be surveyed the corresponding velocity of sound of state that experiment shock wave is undergone
It is complete, it can also only measure some state point;
2, continuous measurement system proposed by the present invention and method, the reflection characteristic to exploring laser light and imaging using thump
System records the space rail of the speed history for obtaining shock wave front and lateral sparse boundary to the sensibility of reflecting surface face type
Mark associates the body velocity of sound after wave with shock velocity, can quick and precisely measure to obtain the body velocity of sound after wave, reduce pair plus
The harsh limitation of carrier strip part takes full advantage of the spatial information of imaging system, realizes super-pressure measurement by impulsive sound;
3, the continuous measurement with repeat impact experiment for the velocity of sound that the present invention realizes measure, and relative accuracy greatly improves, right
In sensitizing range, response outclass repeat impact experiment, such as the detection of transformation temperature, substantially increases acoustic velocity measutement precision.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing described herein is used for providing further understanding the embodiment of the present invention, constitutes one of the application
Point, do not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the measuring system structure chart of the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the measuring system structure chart of the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the measuring system structure chart of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the sparse trajectory diagram of shock wave avris of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, to this
Invention is described in further detail, and exemplary embodiment of the invention and its explanation are only used for explaining the present invention, do not make
For limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the continuous measurement system of the transparent medium major skock adiabat upper body velocity of sound, which includes load machine
Structure, substrate, sample to be tested and line imaging diagnostic system, line imaging diagnostic system described in the present embodiment is using line imaging laser speed
Spend interferometer (line imaging VISAR);
In the present embodiment, the load maintainer directly irradiates ablation layer generation shock wave for high power laser light and enters substrate,
The unsteady shock wave along major skock adiabat under Tpa pressure is generated, realizes the one-dimensional load of transverse plane;Along unsteady shock wave
The direction of propagation is disposed with substrate, sample to be tested and line imaging diagnostic system;The sample to be tested is transparent sheet, described
Bright thin slice is tightly attached on substrate, and side is for the scope of freedom and perpendicular to substrate, and the side is located at line imaging diagnosis system
In the visual field of system;
At the time of unsteady shock wave corresponds to shock wave at the time of reaching substrate surface and enters sample, the line imaging diagnoses
System start recording shock wave initially enters time, speed and the plane shock reflection that sample leaves sample to shock wave
Boundary locus data, data obtain the relationship of the velocity of sound and shock velocity after shock wave after being handled.
Sample is transparent sheet, as shown in Figure 1, being tightly attached on substrate, side is for the scope of freedom and perpendicular to substrate, installation
When to ensure that this vertical side of sample is located in the visual field of the line imaging diagnostic system.In this way when shock wave reaches substrate
The data at the moment can be provided when surface in online imaging diagnosis system, while this moment enters sample corresponding to shock wave
At the time of, that is, at the time of avris rarefaction wave initially enters.Shock wave enters after sample, since medium is in dense after wave
Plasmoid, the detection light that line imaging diagnostic system is sent out are reflected back toward diagnostic system in wave surface, cause fringes shift,
Provide shock velocity information.Simultaneously, to starting to be bent by the shock wave of proximal side, when bending angle is excessive so that anti-
When penetrating the angle of light and optical axis and being more than the acceptance angle of imaging system, the reflection dropout of flexure plane is rendered as dark space in image planes,
As rarefaction wave is gradually to plane area internal communication, the reflections of high brightness area measured tapers into, this highlight regions side
Boundary is the sparse track of shock wave avris, as shown in Figure 4.
The speed vector figure given after wave in Fig. 1, the propagation of weak disturbance is using disturbing source as the center of circle, to around at circle
It propagates, has satellite speed U in communication processp, with UpThe top of dt is the center of circle, with CbDt is that radius draws circle, circumference and dt moment
The intersection point of shock wave front is the starting point that shock wave front bends, line (the i.e. shock wave of starting point to new bending point
The tangent line of the sparse track of avris) with the angle in shock motion direction it is α, meet following relationship:
U in formulasFor the shock velocity actually measured, corresponding U is provided according to documents and materialsp.Most important measurement parameter
It is exactly the measurement of the α (t) of time correlation, actually more accurate saying is α (Us).Variable measured directly is U in experiments(t)
With the sparse boundary Y (t) of avris, pressure sizing C is obtained by data processingb。
In the present embodiment, the line imaging diagnostic system includes interference velocity-measuring system and non-interfering light echo brightness measurement system
System;In this way it is seen that a smooth bright dark border, no longer streaky influence in the result of system record.
Embodiment 2
Difference lies in the load maintainer is High Speed Flyer to the present embodiment 2, and film flying hits substrate, in base with embodiment 1
Shock wave is formed in plate.As shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 3
Difference lies in the load maintainer 1 is high power laser light in heavy metal cavity to the present embodiment 3 with embodiment 1
The x-ray irradiation ablation layer generated is induced, shock wave is generated and enters substrate;In addition, due to heavy metal sky Investigation of Radiation Temperature In Hohlraums compared with
Height can generate apparent preheating effect to substrate and sample to be tested, introduce high Z elements in substrate thus as separation layer, originally
Using this structure of separation layer-base as substrate in embodiment, and separation layer is arranged on the base face towards load maintainer,
Separation layer is made of heavy metal element in the present embodiment, and base, which adopts, to be formed from aluminium, and effect includes two parts:First, can be
Largely eliminate the preheating effect that X-ray and electronics generate substrate and sample;Second, ablation shock wave by substrate into
When entering sample, waveform is transformed into triangular wave from the standard in ablation face is trapezoidal, that is, the shock wave entered after sample is almost seen
Less than platform area, measuring accuracy is substantially increased.As shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 4
Based on the continuous measurement system described in above-described embodiment, the invention also provides a kind of thermal insulation of transparent medium major skock
The method for continuous measuring of the line upper body velocity of sound, this approach includes the following steps:
1) measuring system is installed:Equipment mounting arrangement is measured according to above-mentioned continuous measurement system, when installation, waits for test sample
Product are tightly attached on substrate, and side is the scope of freedom and perpendicular to substrate, ensure this vertical side of sample to be tested be located at line at
As in diagnostic system visual field, the distance of visual field border to the vertical side of sample area is more than 1.5 times of thickness of sample;
2) continuous to measure:Load maintainer generates the laterally uniform one-dimensional load shock wave of plane, shock wave by substrate into
Enter sample to be tested, initially entering sample to be tested to shock wave by line imaging system record shock wave leaves rushing for sample to be tested process
Hit the space tracking on the plane size chain boundary of wave velocity, transition time and lateral sparse generation;
3) data processing:By the way that the body velocity of sound after wave to be associated with shock velocity, it is based on the impact directly measured
Wave velocity, transition time and the sparse track data of shock wave avris, obtain the body velocity of sound after wave.
Above-described specific implementation mode has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantageous effect
It is described in detail, it should be understood that the foregoing is merely the specific implementation mode of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention
Protection domain, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the continuous measurement system of the transparent medium major skock adiabat upper body velocity of sound, which is characterized in that the system includes load machine
Structure, substrate, sample to be tested and line imaging diagnostic system;
The load maintainer is used to generate the unsteady shock wave under Tpa pressure along major skock adiabat, realizes transverse plane one
Dimension load;It is disposed with substrate, sample to be tested and line imaging diagnostic system along unsteady shock motion direction;It is described to be measured
Sample is transparent sheet, and the transparent sheet is tightly attached on substrate, and side is the scope of freedom and perpendicular to substrate, and the side
In the line imaging diagnostic system visual field;
At the time of unsteady shock wave corresponds to shock wave at the time of reaching substrate surface and enters sample, the line imaging diagnostic system
Start recording shock wave initially enters time, speed and the plane shock reflection boundary that sample leaves sample to shock wave
Track data, data obtain the relationship of the velocity of sound and shock velocity after shock wave after being handled.
2. continuous measurement system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the load maintainer is that high power laser light is direct
Irradiation ablation layer generates shock wave and enters substrate.
3. continuous measurement system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the load maintainer is High Speed Flyer, film flying
Substrate is hit, forms shock wave in a substrate.
4. continuous measurement system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the load maintainer is high power laser light in weight
The x-ray irradiation ablation layer that induction generates in metal cavitg generates shock wave and enters substrate, and the substrate includes separation layer and base
Layer, and separation layer is arranged on the base face towards load maintainer, is generated to substrate and sample for eliminating X-ray and electronics
Preheating effect.
5. continuous measurement system according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the separation layer is made of heavy metal element,
The base is made of aluminum.
6. continuous measurement system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that based on pressure sizing and material high pressure conditions
Relationship, according to directly measuring obtained shock velocity UsWith the sparse track of shock wave avris, pressure sizing C is obtainedb
In formula, CbFor the velocity of sound, UsFor the shock velocity actually measured, UpFor the satellite speed in propagation process of sound wave, α is punching
Hit the angle of the tangent line and shock motion direction of the sparse track of wave avris.
7. continuous measurement system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the line imaging diagnostic system includes that interference is surveyed
Speed system and non-interfering light echo brightness measurement system.
8. the method for continuous measuring of the transparent medium major skock adiabat upper body velocity of sound, which is characterized in that this method includes following step
Suddenly:
1) measuring system is installed:Equipment is measured according to claim 1-7 any one of them continuous measurement systems, and cloth is installed
Office, when installation, sample to be tested is tightly attached on substrate, and side is the scope of freedom and perpendicular to substrate, ensures sample to be tested this
Vertical side is located in line imaging diagnostic system visual field, and the distance of visual field border to the vertical side of sample area is more than thickness of sample
1.5 times;
2) continuous to measure:Load maintainer generates the laterally uniform one-dimensional load shock wave of plane, and shock wave is entered by substrate to be waited for
Sample initially enters the shock wave that sample to be tested to shock wave leaves sample to be tested process by line imaging system record shock wave
The space tracking on the plane size chain boundary of speed, transition time and lateral sparse generation;
3) data processing:By the way that the body velocity of sound after wave to be associated with shock velocity, it is based on the shock velocity directly measured
Degree, transition time and the sparse track data of shock wave avris, obtain the body velocity of sound after wave.
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CN113008501A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-22 | 北京理工大学 | Device and method for testing impact mechanical property of elastomer |
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CN113008501A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-22 | 北京理工大学 | Device and method for testing impact mechanical property of elastomer |
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