CN108794283B - Composite thermite for destroying unexploded bomb and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Composite thermite for destroying unexploded bomb and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN108794283B
CN108794283B CN201811110679.4A CN201811110679A CN108794283B CN 108794283 B CN108794283 B CN 108794283B CN 201811110679 A CN201811110679 A CN 201811110679A CN 108794283 B CN108794283 B CN 108794283B
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powder
parts
thermite
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composite
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CN108794283A (en
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甄建伟
贾栓柱
杜仕国
朱艳辉
陈玉丹
闫军
翟研研
张玉令
张芳
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Army Engineering University of PLA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/04—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt

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Abstract

The invention provides a composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs comprises the following components in parts by mass: 18.0-19.4 parts of aluminum powder17.7 to 19.1 parts of Fe3O4Powder, 8.2-8.9 parts of KNO3Powder, 22.5-24.2 parts of CuO powder, 17.7-19.2 parts of Cr2O3Powder, 7.5-14 parts of CaO powder and 1.7-1.9 parts of magnesium powder, wherein the powder is prepared from aluminum powder and Fe3O4、KNO3CuO and Cr2O3Drying after mixing, mixing with CaO powder, drying, cooling, and mixing with magnesium powder. The preparation method of the composite thermite is simple, strong in operability, easy to implement and good in stability, improves the overall fluidity of molten slag, reduces heat loss after the thermite is reacted, improves the maximum reaction temperature of the composite thermite, greatly improves the metal fusion efficiency of the composite thermite, and has high operational efficiency of destroying unexploded bombs and wide application prospect.

Description

Composite thermite for destroying unexploded bomb and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a thermite, in particular to a composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of a large amount of actual combat training, the generation and destruction of the unexploded ammunition always have great potential safety hazards, particularly the small-sized unexploded ammunition has the characteristics of large number of the unexploded ammunition due to large application base number, light weight, small recovery value, small explosion and killing range, thin shell and the like, and a local destruction processing mode is often adopted. The conventional ammunition destruction methods can be roughly divided into three types, namely an explosion method, a combustion method and a decomposition method, generally, the three methods can be used under the condition that the discarded ammunition still has higher safety and does not explode in the transportation and treatment processes, and a safer and more efficient treatment method is still lacked for some ammunitions which have high potential safety hazards and are inconvenient to move or pretreat.
In view of the above disadvantages, a new destruction method, namely a metal melt flow destruction method, has appeared in recent years, in which a combustion agent made of a composite high-heat agent is used as a explosive charge destruction agent, the combustion agent can be ignited to generate high-temperature molten metal fluid, the metal fluid can be melted through the shell of the unexploded bomb, and the explosive in the unexploded bomb can be ignited until the explosive in the unexploded bomb is completely combusted, so that the unexploded bomb can be destroyed.
At present, the medicament applied to the metal melt flow destruction method is less, and the thermite is generally adopted, namely aluminum powder and metal oxide are compounded, the thermite and the metal oxide are subjected to self-propagating reaction (SHS), a large amount of heat is released, and the generated high-temperature melting product can not only melt through metal, but also ignite internal charge, so that the thermite has wide application prospect in ammunition destruction. However, after the Al powder and the metal oxide undergo a self-propagating reaction, a molten liquid metal simple substance and Al are generated2O3The generated metal simple substance is easy to disperse in the slag in the form of metal particles, which is not beneficial to metal penetration and temperature maintenance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs, so as to reduce the melting point of generated slag, improve the fluidity of the slag and improve the capacity of melting through metal.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs, so as to prepare the composite thermite with low melting point, good slag fluidity and high metal penetration efficiency.
One of the objects of the invention is achieved by:
the composite thermite for destroying the unexploded bomb comprises the following components in parts by mass: 18.0-19.4 parts of aluminum powder and 17.7-19.1 parts of Fe3O4Powder, 8.2-8.9 parts of KNO3Powder, 22.5-24.2 parts of CuO powder, 17.7-19.2 parts of Cr2O3The powder, 7.5-14 parts of CaO powder and 1.7-1.9 parts of Mg powder.
Preferably, theThe composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs comprises 18.04-19.4 parts of aluminum powder and 17.7-19.04 parts of Fe3O4Powder and 8.26-8.88 parts of KNO3Powder, 22.5-24.2 parts of CuO powder, 17.78-19.13 parts of Cr2O3The powder, 7.5-14 parts of CaO powder and 1.72-1.85 parts of Mg powder.
Preferably, the composite thermite for destroying the unexploded bomb comprises 18.6-19.4 parts of Al powder and 18.3-19.1 parts of Fe3O4Powder, 8.5-8.9 parts of KNO3Powder, 23.2-24.2 parts of CuO powder and 18.4-19.2 Cr2O3Powder, 7.5-11 parts of CaO powder and 1.7-1.9 parts of Mg powder; more preferably, it comprises 18.67-19.4 parts of Al powder and 18.32-19.04 parts of Fe3O4Powder and 8.55-8.88 parts of KNO3Powder, 23.29-24.2 parts of CuO powder, and 18.4-19.13 parts of Cr2O3The powder, 7.5-11 parts of CaO powder and 1.78-1.85 parts of Mg powder.
More preferably, the composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs comprises 18.67 parts of Al powder and 18.32 parts of Fe3O4Powder, 8.55 parts KNO3Powder, 23.29 parts of CuO powder, and 18.4 parts of Cr2O3Powder, 11 parts of CaO powder and 1.78 parts of Mg powder.
The composite thermite for destroying the unexploded bomb is prepared by the following method:
(a) weighing aluminum powder and Fe according to the mass ratio of claim 13O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder, Cr2O3Powder, CaO powder and Mg powder;
(b) aluminum powder and Fe3O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder and Cr2O3Uniformly mixing the powder to obtain a first mixture;
(c) respectively drying the first mixture and the CaO powder;
(d) uniformly mixing the dried first mixture and CaO powder, drying, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a second mixture;
(e) and uniformly mixing the second mixture and Mg powder, drying, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the composite thermite.
The aluminum powder and Fe3O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder and Cr2O3The granularity of the powder is 80-140 meshes.
The granularity of the CaO powder is 100-120 meshes.
The granularity of the Mg powder is 80-100 meshes.
In the steps (c) to (e), the drying temperature is 75-85 ℃, and the drying time is 2-3 h.
Preferably, in steps (c), (d), drying is carried out for 2h at 75 ℃, preferably for 2h in a thermostat at 75 ℃.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by the following steps:
a preparation method of a composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs comprises the following steps:
(a) weighing aluminum powder and Fe according to the mass ratio of claim 13O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder, Cr2O3Powder, CaO powder and Mg powder;
(b) aluminum powder and Fe3O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder and Cr2O3Uniformly mixing the powder to obtain a first mixture;
(c) respectively drying the first mixture and the CaO powder;
(d) uniformly mixing the dried first mixture and CaO powder, drying, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a second mixture;
(e) and uniformly mixing the second mixture and Mg powder, drying, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the composite thermite.
Preferably, the aluminum powder and Fe3O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder and Cr2O3The granularity of the powder is 80-140 meshes.
Preferably, the granularity of the CaO powder is 100-120 meshes.
Preferably, the granularity of the Mg powder is 80-100 meshes.
Preferably, in the steps (c) to (e), the drying temperature is 75-85 ℃, and the drying time is 2-3 h; preferably, drying is carried out at 75 ℃ for 2 h; more preferably, drying is carried out in a 75 ℃ incubator for 2 h.
The composite thermite prepared by the invention improves the integral fluidity of the molten slag, is beneficial to the polymerization of liquid metal, realizes the in-situ stratification of the metal and the molten slag, reduces the heat loss after the thermite reaction, improves the maximum reaction temperature of the composite thermite, directly contacts the liquid metal with the molten metal, and greatly improves the metal melting efficiency of the composite thermite.
The preparation method of the composite thermite is simple, strong in operability, easy to implement, good in stability, high in operational efficiency of destroying unexploded bombs and wide in application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD spectrum of a slag (after removal of metal particles) obtained after combustion of the composite thermite prepared in comparative example 1.
FIG. 2 is an XRD spectrum of a metal block obtained after combustion of the composite thermite prepared in example 1.
FIG. 3 is an XRD spectrum of a slag obtained after combustion of the composite thermite prepared in example 1.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing temperature changes in the combustion process of the composite thermite prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1, 2 and 4.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in the mass of the slag after combustion in the composite thermite prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1, 2 and 4.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are given by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Procedures and methods not described in detail in the following examples are conventional methods well known in the art, and the reagents used in the examples are either analytically or chemically pure and are either commercially available or prepared by methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The following examples all achieve the objects of the present invention.
Comparative example 1
Weighing 20.29 meshes of Al powder and 20.29 meshes of Fe3O420.58g of powder, KNO39.60g of powder, 26.17g of CuO powder, and Cr2O320.68g of powder and 2g of 80-mesh Mg powder; aluminum powder and Fe3O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder and Cr2O3Adding the powder into a mixer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mixture; in order to increase the reliability of igniting the composite thermite, the first mixture and Mg powder are added into a mixer to be uniformly mixed, so that the composite thermite is obtained.
300g of the composite thermite is put into a hole which is formed by natural sand and has the height of 15cm and the diameter of 6cm for combustion. After combustion, the slag has an overhead structure, and after cooling, the slag is seriously blocked, no large metal blocks are formed, and only metal particles with different shapes and sizes are dispersed in the slag. The metal particles in the slag were removed, and the remaining slag was subjected to X-ray (XRD) analysis, and the results are shown in fig. 1.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, Al is generated after the composite thermite is combusted2O3And Mg0.388Al2.408O4(spinel, MgO and Al)2O3Eutectic), SiO2The method is characterized in that the method is impurity introduced during slag grinding, deviation exists between the crystal structure of a product and the crystal structure of a pure substance, and a diffraction peak has certain displacement, because the product is a combustion solid-melt material and reacts in air, and a large amount of impurity is introduced.
Example 1
Respectively weighing 18.67g of Al powder and 18.67g of Fe powder of 80 meshes3O4Powder 18.32g, KNO38.55g of powder, 23.29g of CuO powder, and Cr2O318.40g of powder, 11.00g of CaO powder with 100 meshes and 1.78g of Mg powder with 100 meshes for later use; aluminum powder and Fe3O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder and Cr2O3Adding the powder into a mixer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mixture; respectively putting the first mixture and CaO powder into a thermostat at 75 ℃, drying for 2h, and taking out; adding the first mixture and CaO powder into a mixer, uniformly mixing, taking out the mixed medicament, putting the medicament into a thermostat at 75 ℃, drying for 2 hours, taking out the medicament, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a second mixture; mixing the second mixture with MgAdding the powder into a mixer, mixing uniformly, placing into a thermostat at 75 ℃, drying for 2h, taking out, cooling to room temperature to obtain the composite thermite, and placing into a sealing bag for low-temperature sealing storage.
300g of the prepared composite thermite is put into a hole which is formed by natural sand and has the height of 15cm and the diameter of 6cm for combustion. After combustion, the slag forms massive metal, few fine metal particles are mixed in the upper oxide slag, and the slag is bonded into a whole, which shows that the slag is completely melted and has good fluidity in the reaction process. The metal nuggets and the slag were subjected to X-ray (XRD) analysis, and the results are shown in fig. 2 and 3.
As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the main component of the slag obtained after combustion of the CaO-composite thermite is MgAl2O4(spinel), Ca12Al14O33，SiO2Impurities introduced during grinding of the slag. Mg (magnesium)0.388Al2.408O4With MgAl2O4The diffraction peaks of XRD are very similar to those of spinel, only the individual diffraction peaks are shifted, the component contents are not greatly different, and the melting points are similar to 2135 ℃.
Example 2
Respectively weighing 19.40g of Al powder and 19.40g of Fe powder of 80 meshes3O419.04g of powder, KNO38.88g of powder, 24.20g of CuO powder, and Cr2O319.13g of powder, 7.50g of CaO powder of 100 meshes and 1.85g of Mg powder of 100 meshes for later use; aluminum powder and Fe3O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder and Cr2O3Adding the powder into a mixer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mixture; respectively putting the first mixture and CaO powder into a thermostat at 75 ℃, drying for 2h, and taking out; adding the first mixture and CaO powder into a mixer, uniformly mixing, taking out the mixed medicament, putting the medicament into a thermostat at 75 ℃, drying for 2 hours, taking out the medicament, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a second mixture; and adding the second mixture and Mg powder into a mixer, uniformly mixing, putting into an incubator at 85 ℃, drying for 3h, taking out, cooling to room temperature to obtain the composite thermite, and putting into a sealing bag for low-temperature sealing storage.
Example 3
Weighing 19.08g of 120-mesh Al powder and Fe3O418.73g of powder, KNO38.74g of powder, 23.81g of CuO powder, and Cr2O318.32g of powder, 9g of CaO powder of 100 meshes and 1.82g of Mg powder of 80 meshes for later use; aluminum powder and Fe3O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder and Cr2O3Adding the powder into a mixer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mixture; respectively putting the first mixture and CaO powder into a thermostat at 75 ℃, drying for 3h, and taking out; adding the first mixture and CaO powder into a mixer, uniformly mixing, taking out the mixed medicament, putting the medicament into a thermostat at 75 ℃, drying for 2 hours, taking out the medicament, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a second mixture; and adding the second mixture and Mg powder into a mixer, uniformly mixing, putting into an incubator at 85 ℃, drying for 2h, taking out, cooling to room temperature to obtain the composite thermite, and putting into a sealing bag for low-temperature sealing storage.
Example 4
Weighing 18.04g of 140-mesh Al powder and Fe3O4Powder 17.7g, KNO38.4g of powder, 22.50 g of CuO powder, and Cr2O317.78g of powder, 14.00g of 120-mesh CaO powder and 1.72g of 90-mesh Mg powder; aluminum powder and Fe3O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder and Cr2O3Adding the powder into a mixer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mixture; respectively putting the first mixture and CaO powder into a thermostat at 75 ℃, drying for 2h, and taking out; adding the first mixture and CaO powder into a mixer, uniformly mixing, taking out the mixed medicament, putting the medicament into a thermostat at 75 ℃, drying for 2 hours, taking out the medicament, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a second mixture; and adding the second mixture and Mg powder into a mixer, uniformly mixing, putting into a thermostat at 75 ℃, drying for 2h, taking out, cooling to room temperature to obtain the composite thermite, and putting into a sealing bag for low-temperature sealing storage.
Comparative example 2
Weighing 20.18g of Al powder and Fe powder of 100 meshes3O419.80g of powder, KNO39.24g of powder, 25.17 g of CuO powder, and Cr2O3CaO powder 19.89g, 100 mesh3.8g of powder and 1.92g of 90-mesh Mg powder for later use; aluminum powder and Fe3O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder and Cr2O3Adding the powder into a mixer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mixture; respectively putting the first mixture and CaO powder into a thermostat at 75 ℃, drying for 2h, and taking out; adding the first mixture and CaO powder into a mixer, uniformly mixing, taking out the mixed medicament, putting the medicament into a thermostat at 75 ℃, drying for 2 hours, taking out the medicament, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a second mixture; and adding the second mixture and Mg powder into a mixer, uniformly mixing, putting into a thermostat at 75 ℃, drying for 2h, taking out, cooling to room temperature to obtain the composite thermite, and putting into a sealing bag for low-temperature sealing storage.
Comparative example 3
Weighing 17.51g of 140-mesh Al powder and Fe3O417.18g of powder, KNO38.02g of powder, 21.85 g of CuO powder, and Cr2O317.27g of powder, 16.5g of 140-mesh CaO powder and 1.67g of 100-mesh Mg powder for later use; aluminum powder and Fe3O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder and Cr2O3Adding the powder into a mixer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mixture; respectively putting the first mixture and CaO powder into a thermostat at 75 ℃, drying for 2h, and taking out; adding the first mixture and CaO powder into a mixer, uniformly mixing, taking out the mixed medicament, putting the medicament into a thermostat at 75 ℃, drying for 2 hours, taking out the medicament, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a second mixture; and adding the second mixture and Mg powder into a mixer, uniformly mixing, putting into a thermostat at 75 ℃, drying for 2h, taking out, cooling to room temperature to obtain the composite thermite, and putting into a sealing bag for low-temperature sealing storage.
The combustion processes of the composite thermite prepared in comparative examples 1-3 and examples 1, 2 and 4 were tested, and the temperature change during the combustion process was plotted as shown in fig. 4.
The slag with the diameter larger than 1cm generated after the combustion of the composite thermite prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1, 2 and 4 was collected and weighed, and the prepared graph is shown in fig. 5.
The combustion effect of the composite thermite prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1, 2 and 4 is shown in table 1:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
。

Claims (10)

1. the composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 18.0-19.4 parts of aluminum powder and 17.7-19.1 parts of Fe3O4Powder, 8.2-8.9 parts of KNO3Powder, 22.5-24.2 parts of CuO powder, 17.7-19.2 parts of Cr2O3The composite material comprises powder, 7.5-14 parts of CaO powder and 1.7-1.9 parts of magnesium powder.
2. The composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs according to claim 1, wherein the composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs is prepared from 18.6-19.4 parts of aluminum powder and 18.3-19.1 parts of Fe3O4Powder, 8.5-8.9 parts of KNO3Powder, 23.2-24.2 parts of CuO powder and 18.4-19.2 Cr2O3The powder, 7.5-11 parts of CaO powder and 1.7-1.9 parts of magnesium powder.
3. The composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs according to claim 1, is characterized by being prepared by the following method:
(a) weighing aluminum powder and Fe according to the mass ratio of claim 13O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder, Cr2O3Powder and CaO powder;
(b) aluminum powder and Fe3O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder and Cr2O3Uniformly mixing the powder to obtain a first mixture;
(c) respectively drying the first mixture and the CaO powder;
(d) uniformly mixing the dried first mixture and CaO powder, drying, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a second mixture;
(e) and uniformly mixing the second mixture and magnesium powder, drying, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the composite thermite.
4. The composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs according to claim 3, wherein the aluminum powder and Fe3O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder and Cr2O3The granularity of the powder is 80-140 meshes; the granularity of the CaO powder is 100-120 meshes; the granularity of the magnesium powder is 80-100 meshes.
5. The composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs according to claim 3, wherein in the steps (c) to (e), the drying temperature is 75-85 ℃ and the drying time is 2-3 h.
6. A preparation method of a composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs comprises the following steps:
(a) weighing aluminum powder and Fe according to the mass proportion of the composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs in claim 13O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder, Cr2O3Powder and CaO powder;
(b) aluminum powder and Fe3O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder and Cr2O3Uniformly mixing the powder to obtain a first mixture;
(c) respectively drying the first mixture and the CaO powder;
(d) uniformly mixing the dried first mixture and CaO powder, drying, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a second mixture;
(e) and uniformly mixing the second mixture and magnesium powder, drying, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the composite thermite.
7. The preparation method of the composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs according to claim 6, wherein the aluminum powder and Fe are3O4Powder, KNO3Powder, CuO powder and Cr2O3The granularity of the powder is 80-140 meshes.
8. The preparation method of the composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs according to claim 6, wherein the granularity of the CaO powder is 100-120 meshes.
9. The preparation method of the composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs according to claim 6, wherein the granularity of the magnesium powder is 80-100 meshes.
10. The preparation method of the composite thermite for destroying unexploded bombs according to claim 6, wherein in the steps (c) to (e), the drying temperature is 75-85 ℃, and the drying time is 2-3 h.
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CN105806166A (en) * 2016-03-10 2016-07-27 中国人民解放军军械工程学院 Combustible glue used for destroying unexploded ordnance and preparation method and application thereof

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CN105732241A (en) * 2016-01-21 2016-07-06 中国人民解放军军械工程学院 Composite incendiary agent for destroying ammunitions and preparation method of composite incendiary agent
CN105806166A (en) * 2016-03-10 2016-07-27 中国人民解放军军械工程学院 Combustible glue used for destroying unexploded ordnance and preparation method and application thereof

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