CN108790775A - 一种油电混合动力装载机用传动装置 - Google Patents

一种油电混合动力装载机用传动装置 Download PDF

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CN108790775A
CN108790775A CN201810770422.5A CN201810770422A CN108790775A CN 108790775 A CN108790775 A CN 108790775A CN 201810770422 A CN201810770422 A CN 201810770422A CN 108790775 A CN108790775 A CN 108790775A
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gear
clutch
loading machine
output
brake
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崔国敏
卢凤臣
乔征
王群英
晋佳
杨勇
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Tianjin Engineering Machinery Institute
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Tianjin Engineering Machinery Institute
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种油电混合动力装载机用传动装置，包括发动机(1)、离合器(2)、离合器输出被动齿轮(3)、离合器输出主动齿轮(4)、动力输出主动齿轮(5)、转向泵驱动齿轮(6)、工作泵驱动齿轮(7)、转向泵(8)、工作泵(9)、倒档制动器(10)、倒退档行星排(11)、前进档制动器(12)、前进档行星排(13)、二档离合器(14)、电动机输出减速行星排(15)、电动机(16)、输出主动齿轮(17)和输出被动齿轮(18)；本发明根据装载机的工作状况，提供多种传动模式，可以实现高速行车充电、发动机怠速驻车充电、制动能量回收、纯电动起步行驶、混合动力模式行走等全部装载机工作工况功能。

Description

一种油电混合动力装载机用传动装置
技术领域
本发明属于并联式混合动力装载机传动装置技术领域，特别是涉及一种油电混合动力装载机用传动装置。
背景技术
节能减排、绿色环保同样也是工程机械发展的方向，我国的工程机械行业近年也逐步在产品研发方面重视环境保护与可持续发展战略。目前装载机的传动方式为液力传动动力换档，所用的液力变矩器存在低速传动效率低、发动机排放高的问题。
混合动力传动装置因其不受动力电池电量的限制，同时具有较好的节能减排效果，在装载机上具有实际应用前景。目前油电混合动力装载机用传动装置还是空白。
混合动力传动装置一般分为串联型、并联型和混联型。串联型混合动力装置的特点是发动机可以始终工作在最优工况点，节能减排效果好，但是对电池组要求高，成本也较高。混联式混合动力的特点是节能减排效果好，具有较好的节能减排效果，但电机和控制系统成本较高，结构复杂，同时也不太适应装载机这样的工况。
并联型混合动力的特点是易于利用传统成熟的装载机动力换挡传动装置技术，成本较低，整车性能较好。并联型混合动力系统可以只需要一个电机，可以将电动机集成在动力换挡传动装置上，结构简单可靠成本低。
针对上述现有装载机液力传动存在传动效率低等问题，本发明提出了一种并联式油电混合动力装载机用传动装置。
发明内容
本发明为解决现有液力传动装载机传动效率低、不能实现制动能量回收的缺陷，提出了一种油电混合动力装载机用传动装置，根据装载机的工作状况，提供多种传动模式，可以实现高速行车充电、发动机怠速驻车充电、制动能量回收、纯电动起步行驶、混合动力模式行走等全部装载机工作工况功能。。
本发明为解决公知技术中存在的技术问题所采取的技术方案是：
一种油电混合动力装载机用传动装置，其特征在于：包括发动机、离合器、离合器输出被动齿轮、离合器输出主动齿轮、动力输出主动齿轮、转向泵驱动齿轮、工作泵驱动齿轮、转向泵、工作泵、倒档制动器、倒退档行星排、前进档制动器、前进档行星排、二档离合器、电动机输出减速行星排、电动机、输出主动齿轮和输出被动齿轮；
离合器通过弹性盘与发动机联接，在离合器的主动侧上装有动力输出主动齿轮，所述动力输出主动齿轮啮合转向泵驱动齿轮，所述转向泵驱动齿轮啮合工作泵驱动齿轮，从而驱动转向泵和工作泵工作；
离合器输出主动齿轮与离合器输出从动齿轮相连接，离合器输出齿轮与前进档行星排和倒退档行星排的太阳轮及二档离合器的摩擦离合器主动片相连，同时也与电动机输出减速行星排的输出轴相连；二档离合器的从动片与输出主动齿轮相连；
所述前进档制动器安装在前进档行星排中齿圈上；所述倒档控制器安装在倒退档行星排中的行星架上，
电动机与电动机输出减速行星排的太阳轮相连；电机输出减速行星排的行星架与离合器输出被动齿轮相连；输出主动齿轮与前进档行星排的行星架相连，输出被动齿轮与输出主动齿轮相连，将动力输出到装载机的前后驱动桥。
本发明还可以采用如下技术方案：
所述的前进档行星排与倒退档行星排为单排单级行星齿轮系。
所述的前进档行星排中齿圈上的前进档制动器为多片摩擦式制动器。
所述的倒退档行星排中的行星架上的倒档制动器为多片摩擦式制动器。
所述倒档制动器为电液控制的湿式制动器。
所述的二档离合器为多片摩擦离合器。
所述二档离合器为电液控制的湿式离合器。
本发明具有的优点和积极效果是：针对现有装载机液力传动存在传动效率低、不能实现制动能量回收的缺陷等问题，本发明提供了一种油电混合动力装载机用传动装置，它能实现装载机在起步及低速时用电动机驱动；在高速及驻车发动机怠速时实现充电；在制动过程中，可将装载机制动时产生的动能转化为电能储存起来，实现能量的回收；在装载机起步和低速工作过程中，将储存的电能转化为装载机的动能，实现能量的利用，从而达到节能高效的目的。
本发明根据装载机的工作状况，提供多种传动模式，可以实现高速行车充电、发动机怠速驻车充电、制动能量回收、纯电动起步行驶、混合动力模式行走等全部装载机工作工况功能。
附图说明
图1是本发明结构原理图。
图中：1、发动机；2、离合器；3、离合器输出被动齿轮；4、离合器输出主动齿轮；5、动力输出主动齿轮；6、转向泵驱动齿轮；7、工作泵驱动齿轮；8、转向泵；9、工作泵；10、倒档制动器；11、倒档行星排；12、前进档制动器；13、前进档行星排；14、二档离合器；15、电机输出行星排；16、电动机；17、输出主动齿轮；18、输出被动齿轮。
具体实施方式
为能进一步了解本发明的发明内容、特点及功效，兹例举以下实施例，并配合附图详细说明如下：
请参阅图1，一种油电混合动力装载机用传动装置，包括发动机1、离合器2、离合器输出被动齿轮3、离合器输出主动齿轮4、动力输出主动齿轮5、转向泵驱动齿轮6、工作泵驱动齿轮7、转向泵8、工作泵9、倒档制动器10、倒退档行星排11、前进档制动器12、前进档行星排13、二档离合器14、电动机输出减速行星排15、电动机16、输出主动齿轮17和输出被动齿轮18；离合器2通过弹性盘与发动机1联接，在离合器2的主动侧上装有动力输出主动齿轮5，所述动力输出主动齿轮啮合转向泵驱动齿轮6，所述转向泵驱动齿轮6啮合工作泵驱动齿轮7，从而驱动转向泵8和工作泵9工作；离合器输出主动齿轮4与离合器输出从动齿轮3相连接，离合器输出齿轮3与前进档行星排13和倒退档行星排11的太阳轮及二档离合器14的摩擦离合器主动片相连，同时也与电动机输出减速行星排15的输出轴相连；二档离合器14的从动片与输出主动齿轮17相连；所述前进档制动器12安装在前进档行星排13中齿圈上；所述倒档控制器安装在倒退档行星排11中的行星架上；电动机16与电动机输出减速行星排15的太阳轮相连；电机输出减速行星排15的行星架与离合器输出被动齿轮13相连；输出主动齿轮17与前进档行星排13的行星架相连，输出被动齿轮18与输出主动齿轮17相连，将动力输出到装载机的前后驱动桥。
优选的，所述的前进档行星排13与倒退档行星排11为单排单级行星齿轮系。
优选的，所述的前进档行星排13中齿圈上的前进档制动器12为多片摩擦式制动器。
优选的，所述的倒退档行星排11中的行星架上的倒档制动器10为多片摩擦式制动器。
优选的，所述倒档制动器10为电液控制的湿式制动器。
优选的，所述的二档离合器14为多片摩擦离合器。
优选的，所述二档离合器14为电液控制的湿式离合器。
在装载机起步或低速纯电动机驱动模式下，离合器2脱开，电动机16工作，此时，动力由装载机的动力电池或超级电容提供。
在装载机高速时为并联混合动力模式驱动，发动机1工作，根据司机选择的档位所对应的多片摩擦制动器或离合器接合，此时由发动机驱动装载机行走，电动机16处于发电模式即作为发电机，可以为装载机的动力电池或超级电容充电。
发动机怠速驻车时，发动机1工作，传动装置处于空档状态，发动机1的动力经过电机输出减速行星排15驱动电动机16，此时电动机16作为发电机，将电能储存于装载机的动力电池或超级电容中。
当装载机减速或制动时，装载机通过输出被动齿轮18及输出主动齿轮17驱动电机输出减速行星排15的行星架，驱动电动机16，使电动机16变为发电机，为装载机的动力电池或超级电容充电。
与现有技术相比，本传动装置具有前进两个档位，一个倒退档位的并联混合动力驱动模式，具有高速工况下的电子无级变速混合动力驱动模式，可以实现高速行驶充电、混合动力模式电机助力、怠速驻车充电、制动能量回收、纯电动行驶等全部混合动力工程机械功能。装置只有二个制动器和二个离合器，纯电动模式和并联式混合动力模式下，只有两个摩擦元件存在带排扭矩损失；结构简单，装置整体效率高，制造成本较低。
以上所述仅是对本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改，等同变化与修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种油电混合动力装载机用传动装置，包括发动机(1)、离合器(2)、离合器输出被动齿轮(3)、离合器输出主动齿轮(4)、动力输出主动齿轮(5)、转向泵驱动齿轮(6)、工作泵驱动齿轮(7)、转向泵(8)、工作泵(9)、倒档制动器(10)、倒退档行星排(11)、前进档制动器(12)、前进档行星排(13)、二档离合器(14)、电动机输出减速行星排(15)、电动机(16)、输出主动齿轮(17)和输出被动齿轮(18)；
离合器(2)通过弹性盘与发动机(1)联接，在离合器(2)的主动侧上装有动力输出主动齿轮(5)，所述动力输出主动齿轮啮合转向泵驱动齿轮(6)，所述转向泵驱动齿轮(6)啮合工作泵驱动齿轮(7)，从而驱动转向泵(8)和工作泵(9)工作；
离合器输出主动齿轮(4)与离合器输出从动齿轮(3)相连接，离合器输出齿轮(3)与前进档行星排(13)和倒退档行星排(11)的太阳轮及二档离合器(14)的摩擦离合器主动片相连，同时也与电动机输出减速行星排(15)的输出轴相连；二档离合器(14)的从动片与输出主动齿轮(17)相连；
所述前进档制动器(12)安装在前进档行星排(13)中齿圈上；所述倒档控制器安装在倒退档行星排(11)中的行星架上，
电动机(16)与电动机输出减速行星排(15)的太阳轮相连；电机输出减速行星排(15)的行星架与离合器输出被动齿轮(13)相连；输出主动齿轮(17)与前进档行星排(13)的行星架相连，输出被动齿轮(18)与输出主动齿轮(17)相连，将动力输出到装载机的前后驱动桥。
2.根据权利要求1所述的油电混合动力装载机用传动装置，其特征在于：所述的前进档行星排(13)与倒退档行星排(11)为单排单级行星齿轮系。
3.根据权利要求1所述的油电混合动力装载机用传动装置，其特征在于：所述的前进档行星排(13)中齿圈上的前进档制动器(12)为多片摩擦式制动器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的油电混合动力装载机用传动装置，其特征在于：所述的倒退档行星排(11)中的行星架上的倒档制动器(10)为多片摩擦式制动器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的油电混合动力装载机用传动装置，其特征在于：所述倒档制动器(10)为电液控制的湿式制动器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的油电混合动力装载机用传动装置，其特征在于：所述的二档离合器(14)为多片摩擦离合器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的油电混合动力装载机用传动装置，其特征在于：所述二档离合器(14)为电液控制的湿式离合器。
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