CN108788941B - Grinding method of CVC roller - Google Patents

Grinding method of CVC roller Download PDF

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CN108788941B
CN108788941B CN201810738513.0A CN201810738513A CN108788941B CN 108788941 B CN108788941 B CN 108788941B CN 201810738513 A CN201810738513 A CN 201810738513A CN 108788941 B CN108788941 B CN 108788941B
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roller
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CN108788941A (en
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谢辉
李俊
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Pangang Group Xichang Steel and Vanadium Co Ltd
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Pangang Group Xichang Steel and Vanadium Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes

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Abstract

The invention discloses a grinding method of a CVC roller, which comprises the following steps: coarse grinding, wherein the range of the grinding current value is set to be 40-70A; semi-fine grinding, setting the range of the grinding current value to be 20-30A, grinding by adopting 40-70% of the grinding current value when the roller curve is in a descending trend, and setting a gain adjusting parameter as the minimum value of equipment; and fine grinding, setting the range of the grinding current value to be 10-15A, grinding by adopting 40% -70% of the grinding current value when the roller curve is in a descending trend, and setting the gain adjustment parameter as the minimum value of the equipment. According to the grinding method of the CVC roller, the condition that the stress of each grinding area is uneven is effectively counteracted by using different grinding currents in different areas, the stress state of the grinding stress is improved, and the generation of grinding lines is restrained. Meanwhile, the method effectively improves the grinding efficiency, reduces the production amount of waste secondary materials produced by the plate strip, reduces the roller changing time and improves the economic benefit of enterprises.

Description

Grinding method of CVC roller
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rolling, in particular to a grinding method of a CVC roller.
Background
A CVC rolling mill, i.e. a rolling mill with continuously variable convexity of a roller, is characterized in that the roller surface of a working roller or a middle roller is processed into an S-shaped bottle-shaped structure, and the big heads and the small heads of the two rollers mutually form 180 degrees on the rolling mill. The direction configuration can move in the opposite axial direction to form the positive and negative roll gap convexity, and the axial moving distance is stepless, so that the control effect of continuously changing the roll gap convexity can be formed.
After the roller is off the machine, the roller curve has the characteristics of low middle and high two sides, and the roller curve must be ground firstly; meanwhile, when the roll is used on the machine, a mechanical work hardening and fatigue layer exists on the roll surface, and the fatigue layer also needs to be ground off. However, because the roll surface curve of the CVC roll is in an S shape, and the grinding wheel outline is in a straight line, during the grinding process, grinding wheel particles generate notches with different depths (different pressures) on the roll surface along the grinding wheel outline line, namely, the grinding tool mark is removed, the notches are deep in an area with large contact pressure with the roll surface, and the notches are shallow otherwise.
In summary, how to effectively solve the problems that the grinding quality is affected by the tool mark generated by the grinding of the CVC roller is a problem which needs to be solved by the technical personnel in the field at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a grinding method for a CVC roller, which can effectively solve the problem that grinding quality is affected by tool marks generated during grinding of the CVC roller.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method of grinding a CVC roll comprising:
coarse grinding, wherein the range of the grinding current value is set to be 40-70A;
semi-fine grinding, setting the range of a grinding current value to be 20-30A, grinding by adopting 40-70% of the grinding current value when a roller curve is in a descending trend, and setting a gain adjusting parameter as the minimum value of equipment;
and fine grinding, setting the range of the grinding current value to be 10-15A, grinding by adopting 40% -70% of the grinding current value when the roller curve is in a descending trend, and setting a gain adjusting parameter as the minimum value of equipment.
Preferably, in the grinding method of the CVC roll, during the rough grinding, a linear speed of the grinding wheel is in a range of 30 to 42 m/s; during the semi-fine grinding, the linear velocity range of the grinding wheel is 30-36 m/s; and during fine grinding, the linear speed range of the grinding wheel is 25-30 m/s.
Preferably, in the grinding method of the CVC roll, during the rough grinding, the rotation speed n of the workpiece ranges from 30 rpm to 36rpm, and the speed v of the carriage ranges from:
v is not less than 0.6 x w n and not more than 0.8 x w n, wherein w is the width of the grinding wheel;
during semi-finish grinding, the range of the rotating speed n of the workpiece is 30-35rpm, and the range of the speed v of the carriage is as follows:
v is not less than 0.4 x w n and not more than 0.6 x w n, wherein w is the width of the grinding wheel;
during fine grinding, the range of the rotating speed n of the workpiece is 28-32rpm, and the range of the speed v of the carriage is as follows:
v is not less than 0.4 w n and not more than 0.6 w n, wherein w is the width of the grinding wheel.
Preferably, in the grinding method of the CVC roller, the feed speed during the coarse grinding is in the range of 0.02-0.1 mm/min; during the semi-fine grinding, the range of the feed speed is 0.005-0.02 mm/min; and during fine grinding, the feed speed ranges from 0.001 to 0.005 mm/min.
Preferably, in the grinding method of the CVC roll, the number of passes during the rough grinding is in the range of 6 to 12; during the semi-fine grinding, the range of the stroke times is 4-6 times, and each stroke gradually reduces the feed speed and the grinding current; and during fine grinding, the range of the stroke times is 4-6 times, and the feed speed and the grinding current are gradually reduced in each stroke.
Preferably, the grinding method of the CVC roll further includes:
if the resonance of the grinding machine occurs, the linear speed of the grinding wheel and the rotating speed of the workpiece are adjusted to eliminate the resonance of the grinding machine.
Preferably, in the grinding method of the CVC roll, after the lapping, the method further includes:
and (4) polishing, namely polishing by setting a constant grinding current, wherein the current gain coefficient does not act.
Preferably, in the grinding method of the CVC roll, in the polishing, a linear velocity of the grinding wheel ranges from 25 to 30m/s, a grinding current is 10A, a rotation speed n of the workpiece ranges from 35 to 40rpm, and a speed v of the carriage ranges from:
v is not less than 0.2 w n and not more than 0.3 w n, wherein w is the width of the grinding wheel.
Preferably, in the grinding method of the CVC roll, in the polishing, the water mark on the roll surface is cut by a scraper, whether the running mark is eliminated is detected, if the running mark is not eliminated, the semi-fine grinding and the fine grinding are sequentially performed, and then the polishing is performed until the running mark is eliminated.
By applying the grinding method of the CVC roller, the deformation with low middle and high two sides of the roller curve and the mechanical work hardening and fatigue layer existing on the roller surface are ground through coarse grinding. After rough grinding, the roll is ground to remove defects, high points on the edge, and fatigue layers, but the feed amount is large during rough grinding, and the roll surface is rough, and it is necessary to remove the defects, high points on the edge, and fatigue layers by grinding. Thus performing semi-refining and refining in sequence. In the semi-fine grinding and fine grinding processes, normal current grinding is adopted when the roller curve is in an ascending trend in the same grinding stroke, namely, grinding is automatically controlled according to a set grinding current value; and when the roller curve is in a descending trend, grinding by adopting 40-70% of the grinding current value. And during semi-refining and refining the current gain is set to the minimum value of the apparatus. In the process of CVC roller grinding, because the grinding wheel spindle has no deflection function (the outer contour of the grinding wheel is always tangent to the roller curve), uneven pressure and grinding marks are generated on the roller surface by the edge of the grinding wheel, and the feed marks cannot be completely eliminated. When the grinding wheel rises along a curve, the front part of the grinding wheel is in heavy contact, and the rear part of the grinding wheel is in light contact, so that the grinding trace of the grinding wheel at the front part is eliminated by the rear part of the grinding wheel, and the cutter trace of the grinding wheel is light and is easy to eliminate; and in the curve descending stage, the front grinding wheel is in light contact, the rear grinding wheel is in heavy contact, and the rear grinding wheel has an increased grinding effect on the roller surface, so that the feed mark is not easy to eliminate. Therefore, by the grinding process, normal current grinding is adopted when the roller curve is in an ascending trend, and grinding is carried out by adopting 40% -70% of normal current when the roller curve is in a descending trend, so that the generation of tool marks is effectively avoided.
In conclusion, the method of using different grinding currents in different areas effectively counteracts the condition that the stress of each grinding area is uneven, improves the stress state of the grinding stress and restrains the generation of grinding lines. Meanwhile, the method effectively improves the grinding efficiency, reduces the production amount of waste secondary materials produced by the plate strip, reduces the roller changing time and improves the economic benefit of enterprises.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a grinding method of a CVC roll according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention discloses a grinding method of a CVC roller, which is used for eliminating grinding tool marks and improving grinding efficiency and grinding quality.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a grinding method of a CVC roll according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a grinding method of a CVC roller, which comprises the following steps:
s1: coarse grinding, wherein the range of the grinding current value is set to be 40-70A;
after the roller is off the machine, the roller curve has the characteristics of low middle and high two sides, and the roller curve must be ground firstly; meanwhile, when the roll is used on the machine, a mechanical work hardening and fatigue layer exists on the roll surface, and the fatigue layer also needs to be ground off. The two overlapped parts are required to be ground for about 0.3mm, the time is long, and in order to ensure the grinding efficiency of the roller, the grinding with short time and large feed amount is required during rough grinding. Thus, the grinding current value was set in the range of 40 to 70A during rough grinding.
S2: semi-fine grinding, setting the range of a grinding current value to be 20-30A, grinding by adopting 40-70% of the grinding current value when a roller curve is in a descending trend, and setting a current gain as the minimum value of equipment;
after rough grinding, the roll is ground to remove defects, high points on the edge, and fatigue layers, but the feed amount is large during rough grinding, and the roll surface is rough, and it is necessary to remove the defects, high points on the edge, and fatigue layers by grinding. Therefore, after rough grinding, semi-finish grinding is carried out, the grinding current value range of the semi-finish grinding is set to be 20-30A, and in the same grinding stroke, when the roller curve is in an ascending trend, normal current grinding is adopted, namely, grinding is carried out according to the automatic control of equipment with the set grinding current value; and when the roller curve is in a descending trend, grinding is carried out by adopting 40-70% of the grinding current value in the step. When the diameter of the grinding wheel is larger, the grinding current takes a larger value; the smaller the diameter of the grinding wheel is, the smaller the grinding current is. The grinding current can be changed manually, namely when the roller curve is in a descending trend, 40% -70% of the grinding current value is adjusted manually for grinding. And when the roller curve is in a descending trend, the grinding current can be automatically reduced to 40% -70% of the set grinding current value for grinding through equipment monitoring. In the process, the gain adjustment parameter is kept at the minimum value of the equipment to prevent the fluctuation from causing the cutter mark. The gain adjustment parameter specifically comprises a current gain. The gain adjustment parameter is actually a multiple of the current set value, the amplitude is reflected on the current, when the current is small, the current fluctuation is small and stable, and when the current is large, the compensation amplitude is large and the current fluctuation is large. By setting it to the minimum value, the chattering is prevented from causing the cutting mark.
S3: and fine grinding, setting the range of the grinding current value to be 10-15A, grinding by adopting 40% -70% of the grinding current value when the roller curve is in a descending trend, and setting a gain adjusting parameter as the minimum value of equipment.
After semi-fine grinding, fine grinding is carried out, and the surface smoothness is further improved. The grinding current value range of the fine grinding is 10-15A, when the roller curve is in a descending trend, the grinding current is adjusted to 40% -70% of the grinding current value in the step for grinding, and the specific adjustment mode can refer to the semi-fine grinding process, and is not described again here.
By applying the grinding method of the CVC roller, the deformation with low middle and high two sides of the roller curve and the mechanical work hardening and fatigue layer existing on the roller surface are ground through coarse grinding. After rough grinding, the roll is ground to remove defects, high points on the edge, and fatigue layers, but the feed amount is large during rough grinding, and the roll surface is rough, and it is necessary to remove the defects, high points on the edge, and fatigue layers by grinding. Thus performing semi-refining and refining in sequence. In the semi-fine grinding and fine grinding processes, normal current grinding is adopted when the roller curve is in an ascending trend in the same grinding stroke, namely, grinding is automatically controlled according to a set grinding current value; and when the roller curve is in a descending trend, grinding by adopting 40-70% of the grinding current value. And the gain adjustment parameter is the minimum value of the equipment in the semi-refining and refining processes. In the process of CVC roller grinding, because the grinding wheel spindle has no deflection function (the outer contour of the grinding wheel is always tangent to the roller curve), uneven pressure and grinding marks are generated on the roller surface by the edge of the grinding wheel, and the feed marks cannot be completely eliminated. When the grinding wheel rises along a curve, the front part of the grinding wheel is in heavy contact, and the rear part of the grinding wheel is in light contact, so that the grinding trace of the grinding wheel at the front part is eliminated by the rear part of the grinding wheel, and the cutter trace of the grinding wheel is light and is easy to eliminate; and in the curve descending stage, the front grinding wheel is in light contact, the rear grinding wheel is in heavy contact, and the rear grinding wheel has an increased grinding effect on the roller surface, so that the feed mark is not easy to eliminate. Therefore, by the grinding process, normal current grinding is adopted when the roller curve is in an ascending trend, and grinding is carried out by adopting 40% -70% of normal current when the roller curve is in a descending trend, so that the generation of tool marks is effectively avoided.
In conclusion, the method of using different grinding currents in different areas effectively counteracts the condition that the stress of each grinding area is uneven, improves the stress state of the grinding stress and restrains the generation of grinding lines. Meanwhile, the method effectively improves the grinding efficiency, reduces the production amount of waste secondary materials produced by the plate strip, reduces the roller changing time and improves the economic benefit of enterprises.
Specifically, in the upper step S1, during rough grinding, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is in the range of 30-42 m/S; in step S2, when semi-finish grinding is carried out, the linear velocity range of the grinding wheel is 30-36 m/S; in step S3, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 25-30m/S during fine grinding.
Specifically, in the upper step S1, during rough grinding, the range of the workpiece rotation speed n is 30-36rpm, and the range of the carriage speed v is: v is not less than 0.6 x w n and not more than 0.8 x w n, wherein w is the width of the grinding wheel;
in step S2, during semi-finish grinding, the range of the workpiece rotation speed n is 30-35rpm, and the range of the carriage speed v is: v is not less than 0.4 x w n and not more than 0.6 x w n, wherein w is the width of the grinding wheel;
in step S3, during finish grinding, the range of the workpiece rotation speed n is 28-32rpm, and the range of the carriage speed v is: v is not less than 0.4 w n and not more than 0.6 w n, wherein w is the width of the grinding wheel.
Specifically, in step S1, during rough grinding, the feed rate ranges from 0.02mm/min to 0.1 mm/min; in step S2, when semi-fine grinding is performed, the range of feed speed is 0.005-0.02 mm/min; in step S3, the feed rate is in the range of 0.001-0.005mm/min during fine grinding.
Specifically, in step S1, during rough grinding, the number of strokes ranges from 6 to 12; in step S2, during semi-finish grinding, the range of the stroke times is 4-6 times, and the feed speed (the feed speed of the grinding wheel) and the grinding current are gradually reduced in each stroke; in step S3, during finish grinding, the number of strokes ranges from 4 to 6, and the feed speed (feed speed of the grinding wheel) and the grinding current are gradually reduced for each stroke.
In the above embodiments, the method further includes:
if the resonance of the grinding machine occurs, the linear speed of the grinding wheel and the rotating speed of the workpiece are adjusted to eliminate the resonance of the grinding machine. That is, if the resonance phenomenon of the grinding machine is found in the grinding process, the rotating speed variation parameters of the grinding wheel and the roller are adjusted in time to eliminate the resonance of the grinding machine. If the resonance phenomenon can not be completely eliminated, the feed speed and the grinding current are adjusted to eliminate the resonance of the grinding machine.
On the basis of the above embodiments, step S3 is followed by:
s4: and (4) polishing, namely polishing by setting a constant grinding current, wherein the current gain coefficient does not act.
After the finish grinding process, the roll has achieved a high surface finish, but may still have slight, refractively visible running marks, and to eliminate the running marks, constant current (constant pressure) grinding with a small feed is performed. It should be noted that the grinding current value set in the rough grinding process is the set basic current, the current gain coefficient and the self-compensation (high point increases the feed and more grinds, low point retreats and less grinds) are both effective in the grinding process, the actual grinding current fluctuates on the basis of the set grinding current value (the fluctuation is larger when the current gain coefficient is larger), the gain coefficient is larger during the rough grinding, so as to save the grinding time. The actual principle of semi-finish grinding is the same as that of rough grinding, but the current gain coefficient is small at the moment, the set current is changed according to the curve trend, and the actual grinding current has small fluctuation on the basis of the set grinding current value; the constant current during polishing is the set current, the current gain coefficient does not work, the feedback current is increased (namely a high point) and then automatically retreated, the feedback current is reduced (a low point) and then automatically fed, the current is always kept constant, namely the grinding pressure is constant, so that the uniform surface finish is obtained, and meanwhile, the residual tool marks of the fine grinding process are eliminated.
Further, in step S4, during polishing, the range of the grinding wheel linear velocity is 25-30m/S, the grinding current is 10A, the range of the workpiece rotation speed n is 35-40rpm, and the range of the carriage speed v is:
v is not less than 0.2 w n and not more than 0.3 w n, wherein w is the width of the grinding wheel.
Further, in step S4, during polishing, the water mark on the surface of the squeegee is cut by the wiper, whether the cutting mark is eliminated is detected, if the cutting mark is not eliminated, the operation is returned to perform semi-fine grinding and fine grinding in sequence, and then polishing is performed until the cutting mark is eliminated. The smooth finish of the stick surface is ensured to meet the requirements by checking during the polishing process.
The present invention will be described below by taking a preferred embodiment as an example.
In a preferred embodiment, the grinding method of the CVC roll comprises the steps of:
s1: quick rough grinding, the grinding parameters are set as follows:
TABLE 1 Rough grind Process parameter settings
Figure BDA0001722633460000081
The carriage speed is 0.6-0.8 × 100 (grinding wheel width) × workpiece rotation speed
If the roller has heat cracks or other defects, the working grinding process parameters can be properly increased, but the roller must be repaired according to the process parameters of the working procedures after the defects are eliminated.
S2: semi-fine grinding;
s3: fine grinding, wherein the grinding technological parameters are set as follows:
TABLE 2 semi-finish grinding and finish grinding process parameter settings
Figure BDA0001722633460000082
The carriage speed is 0.4-0.6 × 100 (grinding wheel width) × workpiece rotation speed
When the diameter of the grinding wheel is larger, the grinding current takes a larger value; the smaller the diameter of the grinding wheel is, the smaller the grinding current is.
When the resonance phenomenon of the grinding machine is found in the grinding process, the rotating speed change parameters of the grinding wheel and the roller are adjusted in time, and if the resonance phenomenon cannot be completely eliminated, all process parameters are modified immediately to ensure that the resonance phenomenon does not occur.
In the semi-fine grinding and fine grinding stages, grinding current is manually changed in the same grinding stroke, namely normal current grinding is adopted when a roller curve is in an ascending trend, and grinding is carried out by adopting 40% -70% of normal current when the roller curve is in a descending trend; meanwhile, the adjustment parameters such as current gain and the like are all minimum values, and the tool mark caused by fluctuation is prevented.
S4: and (3) inspecting after polishing, wherein the specific parameters are set as follows:
TABLE 3 polishing Process parameter settings
Figure BDA0001722633460000091
The carriage speed is 0.2-0.3 × 100 (grinding wheel width) × workpiece rotation speed
In the polishing and grinding process, a water scraping plate can be used for cutting water marks on the surface of the scraping roller, whether the feed marks are eliminated or not is observed, if the feed marks cannot be eliminated, the fine grinding procedure can be skipped to, the grinding is carried out in a 'slow fine grinding' mode, and then polishing and checking are carried out until the feed marks are eliminated.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (9)

1. A method of grinding a CVC roll, comprising:
coarse grinding, wherein the range of the grinding current value is set to be 40-70A;
semi-fine grinding, setting the range of a grinding current value to be 20-30A, grinding by adopting 40-70% of the grinding current value when a roller curve is in a descending trend, and setting a gain adjusting parameter as the minimum value of equipment;
and fine grinding, setting the range of the grinding current value to be 10-15A, grinding by adopting 40% -70% of the grinding current value when the roller curve is in a descending trend, and setting a gain adjusting parameter as the minimum value of equipment.
2. A method of grinding a CVC roll according to claim 1, characterized in that the linear speed of the grinding wheel during the rough grinding is in the range of 30-42 m/s; during the semi-fine grinding, the linear velocity range of the grinding wheel is 30-36 m/s; and during fine grinding, the linear speed range of the grinding wheel is 25-30 m/s.
3. A method of grinding a CVC roll as claimed in claim 1, wherein during the rough grinding, the workpiece rotation speed n is in the range of 30-36rpm, and the carriage speed v is in the range of:
v is not less than 0.6 x w n and not more than 0.8 x w n, wherein w is the width of the grinding wheel;
during semi-finish grinding, the range of the rotating speed n of the workpiece is 30-35rpm, and the range of the speed v of the carriage is as follows:
v is not less than 0.4 x w n and not more than 0.6 x w n, wherein w is the width of the grinding wheel;
during fine grinding, the range of the rotating speed n of the workpiece is 28-32rpm, and the range of the speed v of the carriage is as follows:
v is not less than 0.4 w n and not more than 0.6 w n, wherein w is the width of the grinding wheel.
4. A grinding method of a CVC roll according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed speed during the rough grinding is in the range of 0.02-0.1 mm/min; during the semi-fine grinding, the range of the feed speed is 0.005-0.02 mm/min; and during fine grinding, the feed speed ranges from 0.001 to 0.005 mm/min.
5. A grinding method of a CVC roll according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of passes during the rough grinding is in the range of 6-12; during the semi-fine grinding, the range of the stroke times is 4-6 times, and the feed speed and the grinding current are gradually reduced in each stroke; and during fine grinding, the range of the stroke times is 4-6 times, and the feed speed and the grinding current are gradually reduced in each stroke.
6. A method of grinding a CVC roll according to any one of claims 1 to 5 further including:
if the resonance of the grinding machine occurs, the linear speed of the grinding wheel and the rotating speed of the workpiece are adjusted to eliminate the resonance of the grinding machine.
7. A method of grinding a CVC roll according to any one of claims 1 to 5 further including after the finishing:
and (4) polishing, namely polishing by setting a constant grinding current, wherein the current gain coefficient does not act.
8. A method for grinding a CVC roll according to claim 7 wherein in the buffing, the range of wheel line speed is 25-30m/s, the grinding current is 10A, the range of workpiece rotation speed n is 35-40rpm, the range of carriage speed v is:
v is not less than 0.2 w n and not more than 0.3 w n, wherein w is the width of the grinding wheel.
9. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the polishing, the water marks on the surface of the roller are cut by a wiper plate, whether the cutting marks are removed is detected, if the cutting marks are not removed, the steps of semi-finishing and finishing are performed in turn, and then polishing is performed until the cutting marks are removed.
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