Crop seed screening equipment of two-step method screening
Technical Field
The invention relates to agricultural equipment, in particular to crop seed screening equipment for two-step screening.
Background
The agricultural seeds are easy to be mixed with impurities such as empty grains, flat grains (small-particle unsaturated seeds), dust, seed shells, straw shells, weeds and the like in the collection process, and the impurities need to be screened out to retain the normal agricultural seeds.
Generally, the size, the weight and the particle size of impurities are different from those of agricultural seeds, so that in the actual production process, a wind separation method according to different weights, a net type screening method according to different particle sizes and a water separation method according to different floatability are adopted, and the various methods have advantages and disadvantages and have different screening effects and efficiencies, so that the agricultural seed screening device used in combination can be invented to improve the screening effect and efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is:
provides a crop seed screening device with good screening effect and two-step screening.
The scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a crop seed screening installation of two-step method screening, includes a tiny particle sieving mechanism and a water selection device, and tiny particle sieving mechanism is located water selection device upper left portion, its characterized in that:
the small particle screening device comprises a shell, a feed hopper is arranged at the top of the left side of the shell, a collection bin is arranged at the lower part of the shell, and an air outlet window with a filter screen is arranged on the collection bin; the sieve tube is provided with a sieve pore distribution area in the middle, the left upper part of the sieve tube is arranged in a bearing of the tube seat, the right lower part of the sieve tube is arranged in a bearing of the discharge tube, a transmission ring is arranged outside the sieve tube, a motor is arranged above the casing and is in transmission connection with a driving wheel, and the driving wheel is in transmission connection with the transmission ring through a transmission belt; the lower part of the sieve tube is a discharge hopper chamber connected with the collection bin; a fan is arranged on the right side of the casing and connected with an air outlet pipe, and air blown out from the air outlet pipe is blown upwards obliquely towards the sieve pipe; a guide plate for guiding the air of the air outlet pipe is arranged below the middle part of the sieve pipe, the distance between the guide plate and the sieve pipe is smaller when the guide plate goes upwards, and an air outlet is formed in the top of the right side of the casing;
the water separation device comprises a water chamber, an inlet pipeline is arranged on the left side of the top of the water chamber, a downward bent pipe orifice of a discharge pipe of the small particle screening device faces the inlet pipeline, an overflow chamber is arranged on the right upper part of the outer side of the water chamber, a blocking net is arranged in the middle of the overflow chamber, an outlet pipe is arranged on the lower part of the overflow chamber, and a valve is arranged on the outlet pipe; the water chamber is communicated with the overflow chamber through an overflow port; the bottom of the water chamber is an inclined plane with a higher left part and a lower right part, the right bottom of the water chamber is provided with an outlet pipeline, and the outlet pipeline is provided with a valve; an inverted V-shaped guide plate is arranged at the lower part in the water chamber; a water feeding pipe is inserted into the water chamber, a water feeding valve is arranged on the water feeding pipe, a transverse distribution pipe is arranged at the bottom of the water feeding pipe, and a plurality of water outlets lower than the overflow port are arranged at the upper part of the transverse distribution pipe.
The working process of the crop seed screening equipment adopting the two-step screening method comprises the following steps:
seeds to be screened enter the sieve tube from the feed hopper, the sieve tube rotates under the action of the motor, when the seeds to be screened pass through the sieve mesh distribution area, small-sized seeds fall from the sieve mesh distribution area, the seeds are collected by the discharge hopper chamber and enter the collection chamber (the collection chamber can be cleaned regularly), other normal seeds and large-sized floatable sundries are discharged from the discharge pipe and enter the water chamber, the seeds to be screened enter the water chamber, the water surface in the water chamber is lower than an overflow port by one centimeter, when the seeds to be screened enter the water chamber, the floatable sundries contained in the seeds to be screened float on the water surface, the normal seeds sink, when all the seeds to be screened enter the water chamber and precipitate for five minutes, the water adding valve is opened to add water, the floatable sundries floating on the liquid surface flow out from the overflow port and enter the overflow chamber, the valve on the outflow pipe is opened, the floatable sundries are filtered on the blocking net, the overflow lasts for five minutes, the water adding is stopped, the valve on, or pumping the discharged seeds onto a filter screen by a pump, filtering and drying in the sun to obtain the finished product.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: an inner circulating pipe is arranged at the left lower part of the water chamber, a pipe orifice at the upper part of the inner circulating pipe is positioned above the inverted V-shaped guide plate, a pipe orifice at the lower part of the inner circulating pipe is positioned below the inverted V-shaped guide plate, a forward pump and a valve which are driven from bottom to top are arranged on the inner circulating pipe, a bypass is also arranged on the inner circulating pipe, and a reverse pump and a valve which are driven from top to bottom are arranged on the bypass.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the screen is tilted at an angle of forty-five degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the mode that the net type screening of utilizing the screen pipe and two steps of screens of water selection combine together screens out not plump seed and tiny particle dust debris at the tiny particle sieving mechanism, can screen out floatable thing such as empty millet, seed case, straw shell, weeds in the water selection device, and the screening effect is more secure, and two kinds of equipment set gradually from top to bottom, and the process is accomplished in proper order, and work efficiency is high, more is favorable to the screening work of big batch agricultural seed, and the practicality is strong.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a crop seed screening apparatus for two-step screening as described in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the construction of an apparatus for screening small particles according to example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a water separation device in accordance with embodiment 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a water separation device in embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the crop seed screening apparatus adopting two-step screening described in this embodiment includes a small particle screening device 1 and a water separation device 2, the small particle screening device 1 is located at the upper left portion of the water separation device 2, and is characterized in that:
as shown in fig. 2, the small particle screening device 1 includes a casing 101, a feed hopper 102 is disposed at the top of the left side of the casing 101, a collection bin 103 is disposed at the lower part of the casing 101, an air outlet window 116 with a filter screen is disposed on the collection bin 103, and air can be blown out from the air outlet window 116 and other impurities cannot pass through; the lower part of the right side of the casing 101 is provided with a discharge pipe 104, the upper left part in the casing is provided with a pipe seat 108, the casing 101 is internally provided with an inclined rotatable sieve pipe 105, the inclined angle of the sieve pipe 105 can be selected between 20-50 degrees, here, the angle is 45 degrees, the outlet of the feed hopper 102 is inserted into the sieve pipe 105 and can rotate relatively between the two, the middle part of the sieve pipe 105 is provided with a sieve pore distribution area 110, the upper left part of the sieve pipe 105 is arranged in a bearing of the pipe seat 108, the lower right part of the sieve pipe 105 is arranged in a bearing of the discharge pipe 104, the sieve pipe 105 is externally provided with a transmission ring 112, a motor 109 is arranged above the casing 101, the motor 109 is in transmission connection (such as being connected through; the lower part of the sieve tube 105 is a discharge hopper chamber connected with the collection bin 103; a fan 106 is arranged on the right side of the casing 101, the fan 106 is connected with an air outlet pipe 115, and air blown out from the air outlet pipe 115 is blown upwards in an inclined mode towards the sieve tube 105; a guide plate 107 for guiding the wind from the wind outlet pipe 115 is arranged below the middle part of the sieve tube 105, the distance between the guide plate 107 and the sieve tube 105 is smaller as the guide plate moves upwards, an exhaust port 111 is arranged at the top of the right side of the casing 101, the redundant wind can be exhausted from the exhaust port 111, and a filter screen is preferably arranged on the exhaust port 111 to prevent sundries from flying out; the small particle screening device 1 screens small particle seeds by using the sieve tube 105, when the seeds enter the sieve tube 105, the seeds fall obliquely while being screened by the sieve holes on the sieve tube, and the small particles are fallen, in the process of the seeds running obliquely downwards, the wind blown by the fan blows obliquely upwards towards the sieve tube 105, the blown wind is guided by the guide plate 107, and the distance between the guide plate 107 and the sieve tube 105 is smaller, so that the seeds can be turned and fall by the wind against the upward blowing, and meanwhile, the small particle seeds can be screened out from the sieve tube 105 by combining the oblique downward action of gravity and the action of centrifugal force, and the falling of the seeds can be delayed by the wind against the upward blowing, so that the seeds are in full contact with the sieve tube 105, and the screening effect is ensured.
As shown in fig. 3, the moisture separation device 2 comprises a water chamber 201, an inlet pipe 202 is arranged on the left side of the top of the water chamber 201, a downward-bent pipe opening of a discharge pipe 104 of the small particle screening device 1 faces the inlet pipe 202, an overflow chamber 203 is arranged on the right upper part of the outer side of the water chamber 201, a blocking net 204 is arranged in the middle of the overflow chamber 203, an outlet pipe 205 is arranged on the lower part of the overflow chamber 203, and a valve is arranged on the outlet pipe 205; the water chamber 201 is communicated with the overflow chamber 203 through an overflow port 206; the bottom of the water chamber 201 is an inclined plane with a higher left part and a lower right part, an outlet pipeline 207 is arranged at the right bottom of the water chamber 201, and a valve is arranged on the outlet pipeline 207; an inverted V-shaped guide plate 208 is arranged at the lower part in the water chamber 201, and the sunk seeds can better fall onto the inclined plane at the bottom under the guide of the inverted V-shaped guide plate 208; a water feeding pipe 211 is further inserted into the water chamber 201, a water feeding valve is arranged on the water feeding pipe 211, a transverse distribution pipe 212 is arranged at the bottom of the water feeding pipe 211, and a plurality of water outlets 213 lower than the overflow port 206 are arranged at the upper part of the transverse distribution pipe 212, so that the advantages that: the water outlet 213 discharges water upwards, making it easier for the floating material on the liquid level to drain (the general tendency of the water in the upper layer is upwards).
The working process of the crop seed screening equipment adopting the two-step screening method comprises the following steps:
seeds to be screened enter the sieve tube 105 from the feed hopper 102, the sieve tube 105 rotates under the action of the motor 109, when the seeds to be screened pass through the sieve hole distribution area 110, small-sized seeds fall from the sieve hole distribution area 110 and are collected by the discharge hopper chamber to enter the collection chamber 103 (the collection chamber 103 can be cleaned regularly), other normal seeds and large-sized floatable impurities are discharged from the discharge pipe 104 to enter the water chamber 201, the seeds to be screened enter the water chamber 201, the water surface in the water chamber 201 is lower than the overflow port 206 by one centimeter, when the seeds to be screened enter the water chamber 201, the floatable impurities contained in the seeds float on the water surface, the normal seeds sink, after all the seeds to be screened enter the water chamber 201 and settle for five minutes, the water adding valve is opened to add water, the floatable impurities floating on the water surface flow out from the overflow port to enter the overflow chamber 203, the valve on the outflow pipe 205 is opened, the floatable impurities are filtered on the blocking net 204, and stopping adding water after overflowing for five minutes, opening a valve on the outlet pipeline 207 to discharge the screened seeds, and pumping the discharged seeds onto a filter screen through a pump to be filtered and dried to obtain a finished product.
The crop seed screening equipment adopting the two-step screening method has the advantages that: the mode that the net type screening of utilizing the screen pipe and two steps of screens of water selection combine together screens out not plump seed and tiny particle dust debris at the tiny particle sieving mechanism, can screen out floatable thing such as empty millet, seed case, straw shell, weeds in the water selection device, and the screening effect is more secure, and two kinds of equipment set gradually from top to bottom, and the process is accomplished in proper order, and work efficiency is high, more is favorable to the screening work of big batch agricultural seed, and the practicality is strong. The crop seed screening device for two-step screening described in this embodiment can be used for screening rice, wheat and other seeds.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 4, the crop seed screening apparatus for two-step screening described in this embodiment further has the following features based on embodiment 1:
an inner circulating pipe 209 is arranged at the left lower part of the water chamber 201, a pipe orifice at the upper part of the inner circulating pipe 209 is positioned above the inverted V-shaped guide plate 208, a pipe orifice at the lower part of the inner circulating pipe 209 is positioned below the inverted V-shaped guide plate 208, a forward pump 214 and a valve which are driven from bottom to top are arranged on the inner circulating pipe 209, a bypass 210 is further arranged on the inner circulating pipe 209, and a reverse pump 215 and a valve which are driven from top to bottom are arranged on the bypass 210. The forward pump 214 pumps from bottom to top, the reverse pump 215 pumps from top to bottom, when the forward pump 214 works, the reverse pump 215 does not work, and the corresponding valve of the pump which does not work is also closed.
The operation in the water separation device is as follows: when seeds to be screened enter the water chamber 201, the water level in the water chamber 201 is one centimeter lower than the overflow port 206, when the seeds to be screened enter the water chamber 201, the reverse pump 215 works to disturb the water in the water chamber 201, the water overturns upwards from the bottom, so that the seeds can be better dispersed after contacting with the water, and impurities carried in the seeds can be scattered and floated; the floating impurities contained in the seeds to be screened float on the water surface, the normal seeds sink, when all the seeds to be screened enter the water chamber 201 and settle for five minutes, the forward pump 214 works, the water adding valve is opened to enable the liquid level to be full, the forward pump 214 works, water below the inverted splayed guide plate has a suction force, the sinking seeds cannot float too much when the water is added for overflowing, the forward pump 214 is driven to work slower than the reverse pump to enable the water phase to be relatively stable, the floating impurities floating on the liquid surface flow out from an overflow outlet and enter the overflow chamber 203, a valve on the outflow pipe 205 is opened, the floating impurities can be filtered on the blocking net 204, the forward pump 214 is stopped after the overflow lasts for five minutes, the valve on the outflow pipe 207 is opened to discharge the screened seeds, and then the water adding is stopped.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.