CN108785617A - 一种治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中药 - Google Patents
一种治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中药 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药领域,具体地说是一种治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中药,以骨碎补、续断、淫羊藿、葛根、黄芪、丹参、莪术、板蓝根、紫石英为原料,经过合理配伍,剂量调配制成合剂。按上述比例将各原料混合,于过量的水中水浸30‑50min,水浸后将水加热至105‑110℃,而后于该温度下煎煮25‑30min,即得汤剂。可治疗Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期股骨头缺血性坏死,尤其针对性治疗激素性股骨头缺血性坏死,本发明通过君药、辅药的科学配伍,具有补益肾气,养血活血壮骨,清热解毒,修复骨小梁组织功能结构的疗效,达到治愈股骨头缺血性坏死的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,具体地说是一种治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中药。
背景技术
股骨头缺血性坏死(AVN)又称股骨头坏死(ONFH)是股骨头血供中断或受损,引起骨细胞及骨髓成分死亡及随后的修复,继而导致股骨头结构改变、股骨头塌陷、关节功能障碍的疾病,是骨科领域常见的难治性疾病。
股骨头缺血性坏死(aseptic necrosis of the femoral head,ANFH)是一种难治性进展性骨科疾病。随着病情进展,会对患者的生活工作产生严重的不利影响,一旦晚期股骨头严重塌陷,全髋关节置换可能是唯一有效的方法[1]。然而人工关节一般只能使用15~20年,对活动量需求较大的患者而言,需行多次髋关节置换手术。因此防止股骨头塌陷,修复股骨头坏死,保留自身关节,延缓或避免髋关节置换是一种理想策略[2]。
股骨头坏死的X线分期方法很多,一般采用Arlet,Ficat和Hageffard的5期分法:Ⅰ期(前放射线期)此期约有50%的患者可出现轻微髋痛,负重时加重。查体:髋关节活动受限,以内旋活动受限最早出现,强力内旋时髋关节疼痛加重。X线显示:可为阴性,也可见散在性骨质疏松或骨小梁界限模糊。Ⅱ期(坏死形成,头变扁前期)临床症状明显,且较I期加重。X光片显示:股骨头广泛骨质疏松,散在性硬化或囊性变,骨小梁紊乱、中断,部分坏死区,关节间隙正常。Ⅲ期(移行期)临床症状继续加重。X光片显示:股骨头轻度变扁,塌陷在2mm以内,关节间隙轻度变窄。Ⅳ期(塌陷期)临床症状较重。下肢功能明显受限,疼痛多缓解或消失,患肢肌肉萎缩。X光片显示:股骨头外轮廓和骨小梁紊乱、中断,有半月征,塌陷大于2mm,有死骨形成,头变扁,关节间隙变窄。Ⅴ期(骨关节炎期)临床症状类似骨性关节炎表现,疼痛明显,关节活动范围严重受限。X光片显示:股骨头塌陷,边缘增生,关节间隙融合或消失,髋关节半脱位。
股骨头坏死(osteonecrosisofthefemoralhead,ONFH)分为创伤性及非创伤性两种类型。好发于30~50岁男性,65%~80%的患者会进展到股骨头塌陷,是临床多发病、疑难病之一。创伤性骨坏死主要由于股骨颈骨折、股骨头创伤引起,现临床病例逐渐减少;非创伤性主要是特异性骨坏死、肾上腺皮质类固醇引起的骨坏死、减压性骨坏死、放射后骨坏死、血色蛋白病引起的骨坏死;其中,肾上腺皮质类固醇引起的骨坏死,即激素性骨坏死发生率处于高位,尤其以股骨头坏死发生率最高。
临床上激素性股骨头坏死(SANFH)已居非创伤性ONFH首位,SANFH发病机制目前尚不明确,主要有如下几种学说,脂质代谢紊乱学说、血管内凝血学说等。对可能形成的SANFH进行早期干预,可大大降低其发生率及致残率。目前,中医药治疗股骨头坏死已取得一定的疗效,对许多临床病例能起到缓解疼痛、改善功能的作用,逐渐成为患者的首选。激素性股骨头坏死(SANFH)的治疗依然是研究的热点、难点。当前对于激素性股骨头坏死领域的研究逐渐呈现以下两个趋势:一是随着分子生物学、干细胞研究、细胞凋亡研究的不断发展;二是个体间对激素的敏感性差异越来越受到重视,越来越多的多态性基因被发现与激素性股骨头坏死的发病呈相关性。通过降脂、抗凝、活血通络等方法治疗激素性股骨头坏死,都取得了一定的疗效。随着糖皮质激素类药物在临床中的广泛使用,SANFH的发病率呈现逐年增高的趋势。该病发病隐匿,早期诊断困难,临床发现时往往已经进展为股骨头坏死塌陷以及骨性关节炎,引起髋关节疼痛、功能障碍,甚至致残。相关研究显示,多种细胞因子及相关血清介质如血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)及骨钙素(BGP)等参与了股骨头坏死的骨组织的修复。因此,通过调节上述细胞因子或介质,改善患者坏死股骨头症状,增强患者骨密度及髋关节功能,提高患者劳动活动能力及改善预后就显得十分有意义。
目前临床上常用的治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中药大多以活血化瘀、补益肝肾为主,没有清热解毒,化淤降浊的中药进行配伍。中医讲的淤浊,类似于现代病理的高血脂、高凝状态产物,其阻塞血管,形成无菌性炎症反应,破坏血管壁。激素性股骨头坏死发病机制目前研究,主要有脂质代谢紊乱学说、血管内凝血等学说。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中药。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中药,由下述重量配比的原料制成:骨碎补4-15份、续断4-15份、莪术2-10份、板蓝根4-20份、紫石英3-25份、淫羊藿3-18份、葛根3-15份、黄芪4-30份、丹参4-30份;
优选的由下述重量配比的原料制成:骨碎补8-12份、续断8-12份、莪术4-8份、板蓝根8-16份、紫石英10-16份、淫羊藿6-10份、葛根6-10份、黄芪10-16份、丹参10-16份;
最优为由下述重量配比的原料制成:骨碎补10份、续断10份、莪术6份、板蓝根12份、紫石英12份、淫羊藿8份、葛根8份、黄芪12份、丹参12份。
所述的治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中药的制备方法,按上述比例将各原料混合,于过量的水中水浸30-50min,水浸后将水加热至105-110℃,而后于该温度下煎煮25-30min,即得汤剂。
所述中药还可以制成散剂、片剂、胶囊剂或颗粒剂。
骨碎补,取砂子置锅内炒热200℃以上,加入拣净的骨碎补,烫炒至鼓起,毛呈焦黄色,迅速取出,筛去砂,放凉后除去毛备用;
续断、黄芪、葛根、丹参、莪术、板蓝根,分别洗净切片阴干备用;
淫羊藿,上锅蒸60min,晒干,反复三次,备用;
紫石英,取净洁的紫石英块,用黏土包裹,置入无烟的火炉内煅红透,去掉黏土,倒入醋盆中淬酥,取出,再反复煅淬两次,研末水飞,晾干,备用(每紫石英100kg,用醋15~20L)。
骨碎补、续断、淫羊藿,均为味苦,性温,归肝、肾经,具有补肝肾,强筋骨,疗折伤,止疼痛的功效,是为本发明中药的君药,用于跌扑闪挫,筋骨折伤,肝肾不足,肾阳虚衰,阳痿遗精,肾虚腰痛,筋骨痿软,风湿痹痛。现代药理研究骨碎补能促进骨钙吸收,改善软骨细胞;续断能促进断骨生长、镇痛、促进组织再生;淫羊藿具有促进造血干细胞生成,促进骨细胞DNA合成的作用。
丹参,苦,微寒,归心、肝经,活血祛瘀,通经止痛,清心除烦,凉血消痈,用于气虚乏力,食少便溏,中气下陷,气虚水肿,内热消渴,血虚萎黄,半身不遂,痹痛麻木,痈疽难溃,久溃不敛。
黄芪,味苦,性微温,归肺、脾经,补气升阳,固表止汗,利水消肿,生津养血,行滞通痹,托毒排脓,敛疮生肌。用于气虚乏力,食少便溏,中气下陷,气虚水肿,内热消渴,血虚萎黄,半身不遂,痹痛麻木,痈疽难溃,久溃不敛。
莪术,味苦,甘,性温,归肝、脾经,具有行气破血,消积止痛作用,用于癥瘕痞块,瘀血经闭,胸痹心痛;葛根,味甘,辛,性凉,归脾、胃、肺经,有解肌退热,生津止渴,升阳止泻,通经活络,解酒毒的功效,用于外感头痛,项背强痛,胸痹心疼,酒毒伤中。
丹参、黄芪、葛根与莪术共为辅佐药。现代药理研究黄芪、葛根有雌激素样作用,抑制破骨;莪术具有止痛作用。
板蓝根,味苦,性寒,归心、胃经,具清热解毒,凉血利咽功效,用于温疫时毒,发热咽痛,温毒发斑,丹毒,痈肿。
紫石英,味甘,性温,归肾、心、肺经,有温肾暖宫,镇心安神,温肺平喘功效,用于肾阳亏虚,宫冷不孕,惊悸不安,失眠多梦,虚寒咳喘,有温暖下元的功效。
板蓝根与紫石英在中药中具有佐使作用。现代药理研究板蓝根具有改善血液循环的作用;紫石英,味甘,性温,归心、肝经,安心定神,养血祛湿,通奇脉,镇上冲之气,紫石英主要成分为氟化钙,增加骨钙,促进生长骨骼。
本发明中药采用黄芪、葛根补气养血升阳疏通督脉,既有雌激素样作用,提高人体免疫力,又能抑制破骨细胞活动,促进成骨细胞形成,增加毛细血管抗炎能力;用板蓝根不但有清热解毒,控制无菌性炎症反应的作用,又具有改善血液循环的作用。与改善骨代谢、促进成骨的骨碎补、续断、淫羊藿配伍,促进生髓壮骨作用,可以控制致病因素,修复病变血管,促进骨生长,重建骨小梁恢复骨骼完整结构。
本发明从中医辨证观念出发,提出SANFH的致病因素中有热毒内蕴的因素。以“活血补肾,清热解毒”为激素性股骨头缺血性坏死的治疗原则。“分清泌浊”,降脂抗凝,修复血管,疏通经络,显著改善股骨头血循环,促进骨坏死修复,恢复股骨头功能。
如果病情处于急性期,使用本发明的治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中药前,需待疾病进入稳定期后。“急则治标”,“缓则治本”,因此急性期治以化痰除湿清热,活血化瘀通经,使用中药:黄芪50g萆薢15g陈皮15g半夏9g茯苓15g炙甘草6g香附12g厚朴12g白术15g苍术15g黄柏15g牛膝15g熟地20g生地20g山萸肉15g山药15g丹皮15g菟丝子15g枸杞子15g补骨脂15g骨碎补15g红花15g没药10g川断15g炮山甲3g石菖蒲15g丝瓜络15g胆南星6g急性子3g。
本发明的优点:
(1)本发明的中药,可治疗Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期股骨头缺血性坏死,尤其针对性治疗激素性股骨头缺血性坏死,本发明通过君药、辅药的科学配伍,具有补益肾气,养血活血壮骨,清热解毒,修复骨小梁组织功能结构的疗效,达到治愈股骨头缺血性坏死的效果。
(2)本发明中药具有明显的雌激素样作用,抑制破骨细胞、促进骨形成,降脂抗凝,改善血循环、补血、止痛。
(3)激素性股骨头缺血性坏死的病理机制:免疫力下降,血管内皮无菌性炎症反应,血脂增高,血液粘稠度增加,股骨头内骨小梁哈弗氏管中的微血管堵塞不通,引起股骨头缺血性坏死。本发明的中药尤其适用于激素性股骨头缺血性坏死,它是以骨碎补、续断、淫羊藿、葛根、黄芪、丹参、莪术、板蓝根、紫石英九种性味为苦甘温的原料,经过合理配伍,剂量调配制成合剂。中药采用黄芪、葛根补气养血升阳疏通督脉,既有雌激素样作用,提高人体免疫力,又能抑制破骨细胞活动,促进成骨细胞形成,增加毛细血管抗炎能力;用板蓝根不但有清热解毒,控制无菌性炎症反应的作用,又具有改善血液循环的作用。与改善骨代谢、促进成骨的骨碎补、续断、淫羊藿配伍,促进生髓壮骨作用,可以控制致病因素,修复病变血管,促进骨生长,重建骨小梁恢复骨骼完整结构。
附图说明
图1为出诊DR片,其中a为主视DR片,b为右侧DR片,c为左侧DR片。
图2为服药两年后复查DR片。
图3为停药一年后复查MRI片,a为主视MRI片,b为俯视MRI片。
图4为治疗前CT片。
图5为治疗前DR片。
图6为治疗后CT片。
具体实施方式
实施例1
按下述重量配比称取中草药原料:
骨碎补10份、续断10份、莪术6份、板蓝根12份、紫石英12份、淫羊藿8份、葛根8份、黄芪12份、丹参12份;
骨碎补,取砂子置锅内炒热200℃以上,加入拣净的骨碎补,烫炒至鼓起,毛呈焦黄色,迅速取出,筛去砂,放凉后除去毛备用;续断、黄芪、葛根、丹参、莪术、板蓝根,洗净切片阴干备用;淫羊藿,上锅蒸60min,晒干,反复三次,备用;紫石英,取净洁的紫石英块,用黏土包裹,置入无烟的火炉内煅红透,去掉黏土,倒入醋盆中淬酥,取出,再反复煅淬两次,研末水飞,晾干备用;每紫石英100kg,用醋15L。
按上述比例将各原料混合,于过量的水中水浸泡30min,水浸后将水加热至110℃,而后于该温度下煎煮25min,即得汤剂。
实施例2
骨碎补15份、续断15份、淫羊藿18份、葛根15份、黄芪30份、丹参30份、莪术10份、板蓝根20份、紫石英25份;
骨碎补,取砂子置锅内炒热200℃以上,加入拣净的骨碎补,烫炒至鼓起,毛呈焦黄色,迅速取出,筛去砂,放凉后除去毛备用;续断、黄芪、葛根、丹参、莪术、板蓝根,洗净切片阴干备用;淫羊藿,上锅蒸60min,晒干,反复三次,备用;紫石英,取净洁的紫石英块,用黏土包裹,置入无烟的火炉内煅红透,去掉黏土,倒入醋盆中淬酥,取出,再反复煅淬两次,研末水飞,晾干备用;每紫石英100kg,用醋15L。
按上述比例将各原料混合,于过量的水中水浸泡30min,水浸后将水加热至105℃,而后于该温度下煎煮30min,即得汤剂。
实施例3
按下述重量配比称取中草药原料:
骨碎补4份、续断4份、淫羊藿3份、葛根3份、黄芪4份、丹参4份、莪术2份、板蓝根4份、紫石英3份;
骨碎补,取砂子置锅内炒热200℃以上,加入拣净的骨碎补,烫炒至鼓起,毛呈焦黄色,迅速取出,筛去砂,放凉后除去毛备用;续断、黄芪、葛根、丹参、莪术、板蓝根,洗净切片阴干备用;淫羊藿,上锅蒸60min,晒干,反复三次,备用;紫石英,取净洁的紫石英块,用黏土包裹,置入无烟的火炉内煅红透,去掉黏土,倒入醋盆中淬酥,取出,再反复煅淬两次,研末水飞,晾干备用;每紫石英100kg,用醋15L。
按上述比例将各原料混合,于过量的水中水浸泡30min,水浸后将水加热至105℃,而后于该温度下煎煮25min,即得汤剂。
实施例4
按下述重量配比称取中草药原料:
骨碎补10份、续断10份、淫羊藿8份、葛根8份、黄芪12份、丹参12份、莪术6份、板蓝根12份、紫石英12份;
骨碎补,取砂子置锅内炒热,加入拣净的骨碎补,烫炒至鼓起,毛呈焦黄色,迅速取出,筛去砂,放凉后除去毛备用,续断、黄芪、葛根、丹参、莪术、板蓝根,洗净切片阴干备用;淫羊藿,上锅蒸60min,晒干,反复三次,备用,紫石英,取净洁的紫石英块,用黏土包裹,置入无烟的火炉内煅红透,去掉黏土,倒入醋盆中淬酥,取出,再反复煅淬两次,研末水飞,晾干备用;
取上述比例中药原料混合磨成细粉,过120目筛后,制成散剂。
将上述中药中原料根据现有制备方式还可将其制备成散剂、片剂、胶囊剂或颗粒剂。
临床病例1
张某,男,27岁,初诊症状双髋关节疼痛,活动受限2个月,曾因其他疾病多次静脉滴注地塞米松注射液,双髋关节疼痛,跛行,不能盘腿。查体:双髋关节僵硬,屈伸受限,双侧腹股沟中点压痛,双侧“4”字试验阳性。MRI报告:双股骨头关节承重面T1W1可见不均匀信号减低,T2W1呈片状不规则高低混杂信号,左侧股骨头内可见囊性长T2信号影,双侧关节间隙变窄、模糊。DR片示(见图1):图1b为右侧DR见新月征,右侧股骨头见斑点、囊变、硬化带、骨小梁稀疏、新月征,股骨头坏死,受累15%以上,为Ⅲa型;图1c为左侧DR见新月征,左侧股骨头见囊变、硬化带、骨小梁稀疏、新月征,偏向外侧,股骨头塌陷2mm,股骨头受累超过15%-30%,属于Ⅲc型。
舌红,苔少,脉弦。四诊合参,辨证为气滞血瘀,痰湿郁阻。
根据四诊合参,“急则治标”,急性期治以化痰除湿清热,活血化瘀通经,辨证处方如下:黄芪50g萆薢15g陈皮15g半夏9g茯苓15g炙甘草6g香附12g厚朴12g白术15g苍术15g黄柏15g牛膝15g熟地20g生地20g山萸肉15g山药15g丹皮15g菟丝子15g枸杞子15g补骨脂15g骨碎补15g红花15g没药10g川断15g炮山甲3g石菖蒲15g丝瓜络15g胆南星6g急性子3g,14剂,日一剂,分二次水煎服,用药两周疼痛缓解;疾病进入稳定期,中医讲“缓则治本”,补益肝肾,养血活血,清热解毒,生骨壮骨,开始服用实施例1中的中药,口服2次/日,每次150ml,饭后服,忌辛辣、鱼腥、生冷、黏腻之品。
连续服用两年,髋关节疼痛消失,自行活动良好,可以从事发病前的工作,生活自如。DR复查见(见图2):斑点、囊变、硬化带、骨小梁稀疏、新月征均消失,骨小梁显著增加,排列有序,关节面光滑。查体见患者双髋关节屈伸活动正常,无压痛,“4”字试验阴性,行走自如,无跛行,治愈。三年后复查DR片所示(图3):右侧股骨头骨小梁排列整齐有序、致密,头型完好,无异常可见;左侧股骨头骨小梁致密,关节面光滑,除头高度下沉2mm外,无其他异常。关节活动正常,无不适,可以从事日常工作活动。
临床病例2
佟某某,女,49岁,初诊左髋部疼痛,跛行1年。因患哮喘病,服用激素史。查体见左髋关节屈伸受限,“4”字试验阳性,左腹股沟中点压痛。MRI检查见:左股骨头形态改变,关节间隙改变,股骨头内高低信号影混杂不均,关节腔积液;CT平扫见(图4):股骨头关节面扁平改变,左股骨头内囊性变,骨小梁不规整,有硬化区。诊断为左侧股骨头缺血性坏死(Ⅲ期)。DR片(图5):左侧股骨头可见密度不均,有囊变区。服用实施例2的中药,每日2次,每次150ml,饭后服,忌辛辣、鱼腥、生冷、黏腻之品。服药13个月后,左髋关节无疼痛,活动不受限,可行走2公里,自觉双髋酸胀感,无痛。复查CT片(图6):左股骨头形态正常,无空洞囊变,骨密度显著增加,骨小梁增粗密集,达到骨性愈合。
选取112例股骨头坏死的患者,服用实施例1中的中药,口服2次/日,每次150ml,连续服用2年。通过X线观察评价,不再继续塌陷33例,坏死区不继续扩大38例,骨小梁明显增多密集41例。本发明的治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中药具有促进骨生长,重建骨小梁恢复骨骼完整结构的作用。
对比例1:
上述实施例1的中药与仙灵骨葆胶囊(黄艳军,仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗股骨头坏死的临床疗效观察及相关护理措施分析,Strait Pharmaceutical Journal[J].2017,29(6):203-204.)的对比。
选取44例股骨头坏死的患者,服用实施例1中的中药,口服2次/日,每次150ml,连续服用2年。治愈程度优为23例,良为16例,可为4例,差为1例,优良率见表1。
表1治疗效果%
优,是指患者的疼痛感与关节活动性得到明显改善;良,是指患者的疼痛感与关节,活动性得到了较大的改善;可,是指患者的疼痛感与关节活动性得到了一定地改善;无效,是指患者的疼痛感与关节活动性未减轻或出现恶化现象(黄艳军,仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗股骨头坏死的临床疗效观察及相关护理措施分析,Strait Pharmaceutical Journal[J].2017,29(6):203-204.)。
从表1中可以看出,本发明的治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中药优良率显著高于仙灵骨葆胶囊。
参考文献:
[1]Ye Y H,Chen K,Jin K K,et al.[Progress on surgical treatment forfemoral head-preservering in the precollapse stage of femoral head necrosis][J].Zhongguo Gu Shang,2017,30(3):287-292.
[2]Issa K,Pivec R,Kapadia B H,et al.Osteonecrosis of the femoralhead:the total hip replacement solution[J].Bone Joint J,2013,95-B(11 SupplA):46-50.
Claims (5)
1.一种治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中药,其特征在于:由下述重量配比的原料制成:骨碎补4-15份、续断4-15份、莪术2-10份、板蓝根4-20份、紫石英3-25份、淫羊藿3-18份、葛根3-15份、黄芪4-30份、丹参4-30份。
2.按照权利要求1所述的治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中药,其特征在于:由下述重量配比的原料制成:骨碎补8-12份、续断8-12份、莪术4-8份、板蓝根8-16份、紫石英10-16份、淫羊藿6-10份、葛根6-10份、黄芪10-16份、丹参10-16份。
3.按照权利要求2所述的治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中药,其特征在于:由下述重量配比的原料制成:骨碎补10份、续断10份、莪术6份、板蓝根12份、紫石英12份、淫羊藿8份、葛根8份、黄芪12份、丹参12份。
4.一种1-3任一项所述的治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中药的制备方法,其特征在于:按上述比例将各原料混合,于过量的水中水浸30-50min,水浸后将水加热至105-110℃,而后于该温度下煎煮25-30min,即得汤剂。
5.按照权利要求4所述的治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中药的制备方法,其特征在于:所述中药还可以制成散剂、片剂、胶囊剂或颗粒剂。
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