CN1087831C - Stress glass expansion meter - Google Patents
Stress glass expansion meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN1087831C CN1087831C CN 98117799 CN98117799A CN1087831C CN 1087831 C CN1087831 C CN 1087831C CN 98117799 CN98117799 CN 98117799 CN 98117799 A CN98117799 A CN 98117799A CN 1087831 C CN1087831 C CN 1087831C
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- light intensity
- polariscope
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the technical field of the measurement of a physical parameter. The present invention comprises a light source, a polariscope, a temperature control electric stove, photoelectric converters, a digital stripe interpretoscope and a circular raster number goniometer, wherein the light source transmits a monochromatic light beam; the polariscope and the temperature control electric stove are coaxial with the light beam; the photoelectric converters are coaxial; the digital stripe interpretoscope reads signals output by the photoelectric converters. A semi-peak averaging method is used, namely that two semi-peak points A and B with adjacent light intensity minimum values are used as measuring and reading points, and an average of numerical values measured at the A position and the B position is used as a measuring and reading value. Measurement precision can reach 1/2500 grade stripes, and the precision is enhanced by 50 times.
Description
The invention belongs to the physical parameter field of measuring technique, particularly realize measurement mechanism and method the thermal expansivity of glass by measuring thermal stress.
Thermal expansivity is an important parameter of producing glassware, because the expansion coefficient of glass is little, and the precision of producing measured value requires height (being accurate to the 3rd bit digital), and conventional method of testing based on the measurement elongation can not meet the demands.American scholar H.E.HAGY proposes a kind of new method, promptly measure by the thermal stress of measuring the sealing-in test specimen and normal glass between expansion coefficient poor.(see. " three justice weld test specimen-a kind of rapid and precise differential expansion test " U.S.'s ceramics meeting journal, Vol.62, No.1-2,1979,60-62).
Corning Incorporated has developed the pick-up unit based on this principle, adopt conventional polariscope and Tardy penalty method to measure stress, its analyzing prism corner is read 0.1 ° with vernier, still can not meet the demands aspect measuring accuracy and the reliability, the key of problem is to adopt photoelasticity Tardy penalty method to measure the very little stress value that causes because of the expansion coefficient difference.Deposit the analyzing prism that rotates polariscope at specific light field cloth, make the measured point light intensity offset into minimal value, determine stress value by the angle of rotating, because human eye is very insensitive to the subtle change of light intensity, the reading accuracy of general Tardy method is lower than 1/50 grade of striped (quite analyzing prism rotates 3.6 °), far can not satisfy the accuracy requirement of production.
The objective of the invention is to for overcoming the weak point of prior art, propose a kind of high-precision stress glass expansion coefficient determinator, comprise monochromatic source, polariscope, temperature control electric furnace, parts such as digital angle measurement instrument and digital striped interpretoscope; And a kind of new extreme value interpretation method " the half-peak value method of average " is proposed, measuring accuracy is greatly improved.
The present invention proposes a kind of stress glass expansion meter, comprise the light source that sends homogeneous beam, polariscope, temperature control electric furnace with the coaxial setting of said light beam, it is characterized in that, also comprise the photoelectric commutator of coaxial setting and digital striped interpretoscope and the circle Grating Digital angular instrument that the signal of its output is carried out interpretation.
The present invention proposes to be used for the method that light intensity signal is carried out interpretation of above-mentioned stress glass expansion meter, it is characterized in that, adopt the half-peak value method of average, promptly choose light intensity minimal value adjacent two peak mesial point A, B and read a little as survey, the numerical value that A, B two places are recorded is taken the mean and is the survey value of reading.
Principle of work of the present invention is summarized as follows:
Two thin poles to being made by glass to be measured place the both sides of the thin pole of being made by normal glass, in the clinkering of end, two ends to constitute three adopted test specimens.When variation of ambient temperature, because the missionary society of two kinds of glass swelling coefficients causes stress, this test specimen is put in the light field of polariscope, can observe the light intensity variation that stress causes by analyzing prism, rotate analyzing prism and can offset this light intensity variation, make it get back to the extreme value state, can determine stress value, therefore can measure expansion coefficient by following formula by the angle of rotating.
T in the formula
o, R
oFor room temperature and rotate with Tardy method analyzing prism at ambient temperature and make the measured point locate hour residing angle of light intensity, T
t, R
tFor the temperature after heating up and corresponding rotation analyzing prism make hour residing angle of measuring point light intensity, E
A, E
BBe respectively the Young modulus of glass A and normal glass B, K is the stress optical coefficient of glass, d
A, d
BBe respectively the tested glass cylinder of making three adopted test specimens and the diameter of normal glass cylinder.
Because when rotating analyzing prism, see through function that the light intensity of analyzing prism changes with rotational angle and be the simple harmonic quantity function square, to lead be zero to Dou near extreme value, and the light intensity half-peak value Dou of place leads maximum, choose two adjacent peak mesial points of minimal value and read a little, can measure the pairing corner R of this two half-peaks value very accurately by light intensity and analyzing prism corner value that numeral shows for surveying
A, R
B, get its mean value be shown in extreme value place, the model experiment value is as 135.32 ± 0.02 °, error is less than 0.02 °.
The present invention has following characteristics:
(1) conventional polariscope analyzing prism corner scale is 1 °, and the device of Corning Incorporated's development adopts vernier, reads 0.1 °, and apparatus of the present invention adopt circle grating and photoelectricity digital readout system, show corner with numeral, are accurate to 0.015 °.
(2) the present invention realizes first with digital striped interpreting system, replaces directly to use human eye interpretation light intensity extreme value place, has improved the sensitivity of interpretation greatly, can obviously differentiate near the half-peak value and rotate 0.015 ° of light intensity variation that causes.
(3) the present invention proposes " the half-peak value method of average ", makes measuring accuracy can reach 1/2500 grade of striped, and precision improves 50 times.
Brief Description Of Drawings:
Fig. 1 is the embodiments of the invention structural representation.
The present invention proposes a kind of stress glass expansion meter embodiment, and its structure and the course of work are described with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows:
The described stress-type dilatometer of present embodiment comprises laser instrument, polariscope, and the temperature control electric furnace, the digital angle measurement instrument, digital striped interpretoscope, its structure is as shown in Figure 1.Wherein, plane polarized helium-neon laser 1, output wavelength is the homogeneous beam of 0.6328 μ m, laser power supply 12 provides stable electric energy to laser instrument, makes its stable output 10mw light intensity.Polariscope is by polarizer 2, and analyzing prism 9 and quarter wave plate 3 and 7 are formed, and described element is supported on the common guide rail 11 with optical bench respectively.It is 0.6328 μ m that quarter wave plate should be selected wavelength for use, and analyzing prism 9 is fixed in the adjusting bracket rotating shaft that round grating is housed, and the position of 2,9,3,7 element polarization axles is arranged by the biorthogonal circularly polarized light field.Beam expanding lens 4 is for laser beam is enlarged, and test specimen evenly throws light on.Temperature control electric furnace 5 is special by stainless steel material, and is even for the residing environment temperature of the test specimen field that guarantees to be placed in one, and adopts a solid stainless steel cylinder, and diameter is 90mm, long 70mm, and the through hole of making a call to a diameter at the middle part and be 24mm is with insertion cylinder specimen seat.The through hole of making a call in addition a diameter and be 10mm is vertical with it, as logical light and viewport, and seals with quartz glass.Separate with heat-barrier material between stainless steel cylinder and shell, heat with electric furnace heating wire at stainless steel cylinder two ends, and voltage is 160 volts.Temperature controller 13 is to adopt XMT-7511 type intelligent digital regulator control temperature and SSR solid-state relay adapted, and temperature measurement accuracy is 0.5%, temperature can be stabilized to ± and 1 °.Electric furnace 5 can be easily laterally moves, so that be in the working position with test specimen frame 6 replaces, the test specimen seat that test specimen is housed when measuring under normal temperature condition places on the test specimen frame 6, and the digital angle measurement instrument comprises round grating, parts such as photoelectric commutator and digital display instrument 14.The analyzing prism 9 of circle grating and polariscope is fixed in the same rotating shaft, rotate with analyzing prism, photoelectric commutator is fixed on the adjusting bracket of analyzing prism, and light source and receiver are respectively on the both sides of justifying grating, the matching requirements precision is to guarantee circle grating periodically variable waveform of light intensity when rotating with analyzing prism.The scale of circle grating is 2400 lines, the electric signal of photoelectric commutator output shows with numeral after digital display instrument 140 frequencys multiplication, the last bit digital 0.01 is represented 0.015 °, and imaging lens 8 among the figure, and photoelectric commutator 10 is formed digital striped interpreting system with laser powermeter 15.Imaging lens 8 is adjustable focus camera lenses, and focal range 28～85mm/f3.5～4.5 can be easily with test specimen imaging on the screen of photoelectric commutator 10.Photoelectric commutator 10 adopts B-GJ4E type PIN-FET mixing integrated electro receiver, has preposition enlarging function.Laser powermeter 15 is the laser powermeter of highly sensitive wide-measuring range, can the survey scope be 0.001mw to 200mw, shows with numeral and reflects that the striped light intensity is with the faint variation of analyzing prism rotation.
The present embodiment testing procedure is: at first open laser instrument 1, the temperature control furnace temperature is set, make temperature stabilization in desired temperature T
t, record room temperature T
oConnect electrical source of power 160V, temperature control furnace 5 is moved to right-hand member, the test specimen seat that test specimen is housed is put into normal temperature testing jig 6, the center hole of test specimen seat is adjusted imaging lens 8 over against the optical axis of polariscope, makes test specimen imaging on photoelectric commutator 10 panels of striped interpreting system, and adjust the photoelectric commutator position, make the wicket of the middle bright band alignment light of light field fulgurite.Rotate analyzing prism 9, make laser powermeter 15 displayed values of digital striped interpreting system reach maximal value, then get peaked 1/2 and be the interpretation value, rotate analyzing prism 9 and make displayed value reach the interpretation value, write down the numerical value R that corresponding digital side angle instrument shows
A, the direction that reduces to light intensity is rotated analyzing prism again, up to reaching the interpretation value again, writes down the displayed value R of digital angle measurement instrument
B, 1/2 (R
A+ R
B) be required extreme value place.Measured angle is the position R of analyzing prism when normal temperature condition is got extreme value
oAgain temperature control furnace is moved to right, make its light hole, will take off from the normal temperature testing jig through the test specimen seat of room temperature test over against optical axis, insert in the pot arch, rotate analyzing prism, repeat under normal temperature condition, to survey the step of reading, can record the position R of analyzing prism when striped is got extreme value under the intensification condition
T, with R
T, R
0, T
t, T
0Substitution (1) formula can obtain the expansion coefficient α with normal glass
A-α
B, and expansion coefficient α to be asked
A
Claims (2)
1, a kind of stress glass expansion meter, comprise the light source that sends homogeneous beam, polariscope, temperature control electric furnace with the coaxial setting of said light beam, it is characterized in that, also comprise the photoelectric commutator of coaxial setting and digital striped interpretoscope and the circle Grating Digital angular instrument that the signal of its output is carried out interpretation.
2, the method that light intensity signal is carried out interpretation that is used for stress glass expansion meter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, adopt the half-peak value method of average, promptly choose light intensity minimal value adjacent two peak mesial point A, B and read a little as survey, the digital average number that A, B two places are recorded is the survey value of reading.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 98117799 CN1087831C (en) | 1998-09-18 | 1998-09-18 | Stress glass expansion meter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 98117799 CN1087831C (en) | 1998-09-18 | 1998-09-18 | Stress glass expansion meter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1210257A CN1210257A (en) | 1999-03-10 |
| CN1087831C true CN1087831C (en) | 2002-07-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 98117799 Expired - Fee Related CN1087831C (en) | 1998-09-18 | 1998-09-18 | Stress glass expansion meter |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1087831C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108519402B (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2020-12-22 | 北京工业大学 | Device and method for measuring re-heating wire shrinkage rate of ultrathin glass by laser method |
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1998
- 1998-09-18 CN CN 98117799 patent/CN1087831C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1210257A (en) | 1999-03-10 |
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