CN108775984A - A kind of time reversal guided wave tools for bolts ' pretension force monitoring methods of no baseline - Google Patents
A kind of time reversal guided wave tools for bolts ' pretension force monitoring methods of no baseline Download PDFInfo
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- CN108775984A CN108775984A CN201810508788.5A CN201810508788A CN108775984A CN 108775984 A CN108775984 A CN 108775984A CN 201810508788 A CN201810508788 A CN 201810508788A CN 108775984 A CN108775984 A CN 108775984A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
- G01L5/246—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using acoustic waves
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of supersonic guide-wave tools for bolts ' pretension force monitoring methods of no baseline, the refocusing signal of pumping signal under different pretightning forces is obtained by using time reversal or improvement time reversal, is then calculated using refocusing signal and tightens index under different torques.The present invention tightens the calculating of index without necessarily referring to signal, improves the environmental suitability of pretightning force monitoring, while can be with effective guarantee bolt pretightening monitoring accuracy.
Description
Technical field
It is related to bolt pretightening monitoring technology, and in particular to a kind of supersonic guide-wave bolt pretightening monitoring side of no baseline
Method.
Background technology
It is bolted since larger load can be born, facilitates installation and dismounting, in aerospace, field of civil engineering
Structure in extensive use.However it is influenced by factors such as time-varying loads during initial pretightening force is incorrect or is on active service
Under, it is bolted in military service and is easy to loosen, bolt looseness can directly reduce the bearing capacity of structure, influence the reliable of structure
Property and safety, therefore be monitored for being bolted pretightning force and be to ensure that the important means of structural reliability and safety.
Supersonic guide-wave is since measurement range is big, high sensitivity becomes a kind of important monitoring structural health conditions means, based on supersonic guide-wave
Bolt pretightening monitoring technology is by extensive concern both domestic and external.
Due to the frequency dispersion of guided wave, the influence of multi-modal and boundary reflection so that the guided wave signals complex of reception, to leading
The analysis of wave signal is extremely difficult.Foreign scholar proposes time reversal (Time reversal method) come to leading thus
Wave signal is handled, and the refocusing of guided wave signals, and reconstructed excitation signal may be implemented using time reversal, more convenient
Realization defect inspection.Therefore domestic and foreign scholars propose the tools for bolts ' pretension force monitoring methods based on time reversal (see document
[1]Tao W,Shaopeng L,Junhua S,et al.Health monitoring of bolted joints using
the time reversal method and piezoelectric transducers[J].Smart Materials&
Structures,2016,25(2):025010.[2]Parvasi S M,Ho S C M,Kong Q,et al.Real time
bolt preload monitoring using piezoceramic transducers and time reversal
technique—a numerical study with experimental verification[J].Smart
Materials and Structures,2016,25(8):085015.).The above method is initially loosening stage poor sensitivity,
Studies in China personnel improve the above method thus, it is proposed that improve time reversal (see patent of invention is accepted：Slowly
It is super, a kind of tools for bolts ' pretension torque supersonic guide-wave monitoring method based on improvement time reversal of Wu Guannan, Du Fei,
2017102607258[P].2017.).The above method utilizes time reversal or improves time reversal, will be bolted
Guided wave signals in structure carry out refocusing.It is respectively obtaining tight condition (health status) and is loosening state (unhealthy status)
Under refocusing signal after, using the amplitude or phase of the refocusing wave packet under health status, by refocusing under unhealthy status
The peak value or phase of wave packet are normalized, and then obtain tightening index to assess bolt pretightening.
The assessment of bolt pretightening depends on the background signal under health status in above-mentioned monitoring method, however due to guided wave
The propagation of signal is easily influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, therefore the monitoring method without baseline has higher reliability in the application
(see document Huang L, Zeng L, Lin J.Baseline-free damage detection in composite
plates based on the reciprocity principle[J].Smart Materials and Structures,
2017,27(1):015026.).Therefore a kind of tools for bolts ' pretension force monitoring methods of no baseline are built, for improving bolt pretightening
The reliability of monitoring method is of great significance.
Invention content
Technical problems to be solved
In order to avoid the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of time reversal guided wave tools for bolts ' pretension of no baseline
Force monitoring methods tighten the calculating of index in this method without the reference signal under health status, while ensureing the prison of pretightning force
Survey precision.
Technical solution
A kind of time reversal guided wave tools for bolts ' pretension force monitoring methods of no baseline, it is characterised in that steps are as follows：
Step 1：PZT piezoelectric ceramic pieces are pasted in bolt both sides respectively in tested bolt connection structure, respectively as excitation
The dominant shape of device and sensor, bolt-center and two PZT piezoelectric ceramics sheet is changed direction collinearly；
Step 2：Using signal generator generate period Hanning window modulation sinusoidal impulse signal, frequency be 100~
300kHz, sinusoidal impulse signal are used as initial excitation signal after power amplifier amplifies, are applied to the PZT as driver
Piezoelectric ceramic piece acquires response signal using data collecting card or oscillograph；
Step 3：The reunion of pumping signal under different pretightning forces is obtained using time reversal or improvement time reversal
Burnt signal；
Step 4：It is calculated using following formula and tightens index under different torques：
In formula, vrm(t) it is to obtain refocusing signal using time reversal or improvement time reversal；t2And t3Definition
The time window of refocusing wave packet in refocusing signal, window center point are entire signal amplitude maximum, length of window
It is identical as the pulse width of initial excitation signal；t1And t4The time window of entire refocusing signal is defined, central point is similarly
Entire signal amplitude maximum, length are 20-60 times of initial excitation signal pulse width；
Step 5：It is used for the above-mentioned index TIE that tightens to weigh bolt pretightening.
The size of the PZT is 10mm × 8mm × 1mm, model P5H.
Advantageous effect
A kind of time reversal guided wave tools for bolts ' pretension force monitoring methods of no baseline proposed by the present invention, tighten the calculating of index
Without necessarily referring to signal, the environmental suitability of pretightning force monitoring is improved, while can be with effective guarantee bolt pretightening monitoring accuracy.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1：Tested bolt connection structure and the PZT piezoelectric patches of stickup；
Fig. 2：Refocusing signal (b) 1Nm torques under refocusing signal (a) the 8Nm torques obtained using time reversal
Under refocusing signal (c) refocusing signal in the shape of refocusing wave packet and pumping signal compare；
Fig. 3：Based on time reversal without baseline pretightning force testing result mean value and its standard deviation；
Fig. 4：Utilize refocusing signal (b) 8Nm improved under refocusing signal (a) the 12Nm torques that time reversal obtains
Refocusing wave packet and pumping signal in refocusing signal (d) the refocusing signal under refocusing signal (c) 1Nm torques under torque
Shape comparison；
Fig. 5：Based on improvement time reversal without baseline pretightning force testing result mean value and its standard deviation；
Specific implementation mode
In conjunction with embodiment, attached drawing, the invention will be further described：
Step 1：Piezoelectric ceramics (PZT) piece is pasted in bolt both sides respectively in connection structure, is respectively at bolt two to be measured
The dominant shape of side, bolt and PZT pieces is changed direction collinearly；
Step 2：The sinusoidal impulse signal of Hanning window modulation is sent out by waveform generator etc., signal frequency may be selected to be 100
~300kHz, initial signal are used as initial excitation signal after power amplifier amplifies；
Step 3：The reunion of pumping signal under different pretightning forces is obtained using time reversal or improvement time reversal
Burnt signal；
Step 4：Built using the ratio of energy and the entire signal energy of refocusing wave packet it is new tighten index, this refers to
Mark weighs the refocusing ability of above-mentioned refocusing guided wave signals, the middle TI as shown in following formulaEIt is shown：
In formula, vrm(t) it is to obtain refocusing signal using time reversal or improvement time reversal；t2And t3Definition
The time window of refocusing wave packet in refocusing signal, window center point are entire signal amplitude maximum, length of window
It is identical as the pulse width of initial excitation signal；t1And t4The time window of entire refocusing signal is defined, central point is similarly
Entire signal amplitude maximum, length are 20-60 times of initial excitation signal pulse width.
Step 5：Index TI is tightened using above-mentionedEBolt pretightening can be weighed.
Specific embodiment one：It is monitored without baseline pretightning force based on time reversal
Step 1：Referring to attached drawing 1, epoxy resin glue two panels PZT piezoelectric ceramics is used in tested bolt connection structure
Piece, respectively as driver and sensor, two panels PZT piezoelectric patches is respectively at bolt both sides to be measured.The size of PZT be 10mm ×
8mm × 1mm, model P5H.The dominant shape of bolt-center and two PZT elements is changed direction collinearly.
Step 2：Pumping signal is applied to piezoelectric patches using signal generator and signal amplifier, using data collecting card or
Person's oscillograph acquires response signal.Using the sinusoidal signal of 3.5 period Hanning windows modulation as pumping signal, sinusoidal signal center
Frequency is 150kHz, is 50V through the amplified signal pulse peak-to-peak value of power amplifier.
Step 3：Torque is applied to bolt to be measured using torque spanner, M8 is bolted two and builds component.The specified torsions of M8
Away from being set to 16Nm, and using this tight condition as health status, it is unhealthy status that other, which loosen torque conditions, is adopted in the present embodiment
Other torques have：1Nm, 2Nm, 4Nm, 6Nm, 8Nm, 10Nm, 12Nm, 14Nm, and be to loosen state completely with hand-tight (HT).
Step 4：The refocusing signal under different torque conditions is obtained using time reversal guided wave method, referring to attached drawing 2.
Step 5：It is calculated using following formula and tightens index under different torques.
In formula, vrm(t) it is to obtain refocusing signal using time reversal or improvement time reversal；t2And t3Definition
The time window of refocusing wave packet in refocusing signal, window center point are entire signal amplitude maximum, length of window
It is identical as the pulse width of initial excitation signal；t1And t4The time window of entire refocusing signal is defined, central point is similarly
Entire signal amplitude maximum, length are 41 times of initial excitation signal pulse width.
Step 6：What comparing calculation obtained tightens index, you can judges whether bolt loosens.Above-mentioned detecting step is repeated
Result shown in attached drawing 3 is obtained three times, it can be seen that index is tightened in the case of hand-tight (HT) far above having the case where pretightning force, and its
It is repeated preferable, it can distinguish whether bolt loosens using the index.
Specific embodiment two：Monitoring without baseline pretightning force based on improvement time reversal
Step 1- steps 3 are identical as specific embodiment two.
Step 4：Using improve time reversal guided wave method obtain the refocusing signal under different torque conditions, as a result referring to
Attached drawing 4.
Step 5：It is calculated using following formula and tightens index under different torques.
In formula, vrm(t) it is to obtain refocusing signal using time reversal or improvement time reversal；t2And t3Definition
The time window of refocusing wave packet in refocusing signal, window center point are entire signal amplitude maximum, length of window
It is identical as the pulse width of initial excitation signal；t1And t4The time window of entire refocusing signal is defined, central point is similarly
Entire signal amplitude maximum, length are 41 times of initial excitation signal pulse width.
Step 6：To be compared with the above-mentioned testing result for tightening index, using weighing wave in existing guided wave damage check
The index of deformation is as index 2 is tightened, and calculation formula such as figure below is (see document Watkins R, Jha R.A modified
time reversal method for Lamb wave based diagnostics of composite structures
[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2012,31:345-354.)
In formula, va(t) be 3.5 period Hanning windows modulation sinusoidal excitation signal；N is the data points of signal, according to step
T in rapid 52And t3Data points determine in the time window of definition；V at this timerm(t) it indicates refocusing wave packet, meets again with step 5
Jiao Bobao is identical.
Step 6：Calculating above two tightens index simultaneously, and in triplicate by above-mentioned detecting step, obtains shown in attached drawing 5
As a result, it is seen that is proposed tightens index TIEIt is reduced with the reduction of torque, and its repeatability is very good, utilizes the index
The different prefastening torque of bolt can be distinguished.However it utilizes and tightens index 2：TIL2Obtained result repeatability is very poor, shows this hair
The method of bright proposition can not need background signal and obtain tightening index, and the index can ensure the precision of monitoring result.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of time reversal guided wave tools for bolts ' pretension force monitoring methods of no baseline, it is characterised in that steps are as follows：
Step 1：PZT piezoelectric ceramic pieces are pasted in bolt both sides respectively in tested bolt connection structure, respectively as driver and
The dominant shape of sensor, bolt-center and two PZT piezoelectric ceramics sheet is changed direction collinearly；
Step 2：The sinusoidal impulse signal of period Hanning window modulation is generated using signal generator, frequency is 100~300kHz, just
String pulse signal is used as initial excitation signal after power amplifier amplifies, and is applied to the PZT piezoelectric ceramics as driver
Piece acquires response signal using data collecting card or oscillograph；
Step 3：The refocusing that pumping signal under different pretightning forces is obtained using time reversal or improvement time reversal is believed
Number；
Step 4：It is calculated using following formula and tightens index under different torques：
In formula, vrm(t) it is to obtain refocusing signal using time reversal or improvement time reversal；t2And t3Define weight
The time window of refocusing wave packet in focus signal, window center point be entire signal amplitude maximum, length of window with just
The pulse width of beginning pumping signal is identical；t1And t4The time window of entire refocusing signal is defined, central point is similarly entire
Signal amplitude maximum, length are 20-60 times of initial excitation signal pulse width；
Step 5：It is used for the above-mentioned index TIE that tightens to weigh bolt pretightening.
2. a kind of time reversal guided wave tools for bolts ' pretension force monitoring methods of no baseline according to claim 1, feature exist
In the PZT size be 10mm × 8mm × 1mm, model P5H.
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