CN108774695A - A kind of preparation method of unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN108774695A CN108774695A CN201810600950.6A CN201810600950A CN108774695A CN 108774695 A CN108774695 A CN 108774695A CN 201810600950 A CN201810600950 A CN 201810600950A CN 108774695 A CN108774695 A CN 108774695A
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- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
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- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
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- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
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Abstract
The invention belongs to no lead bronze bearing material processing technique fields, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing includes by element weight percent：Bismuth 1%, tin 10%, zinc 1.2-1.6%, indium 0.4-0.8%, phosphorus 0.08-0.16%, surplus are copper and inevitable impurity, and impurity content synthesis is no more than 0.05%.The present invention has the following advantages compared with prior art：Unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy further adjusts raw material in the present invention, it adjusts bi content and is less than 2%, the content of zinc, indium, phosphorus is rationally adjusted simultaneously, it can ensure the antisticking without lead bronze bismuth bearing material and occlusion performance while bi content reduces, with bi content be 3.0% when it is essentially identical, avoid simultaneously causes bearing material surface to will appear ditch dug with a plow and adhesion peeling phenomenon caused by the crisp feature of bismuth matter, also provides more raw material selections for high-performance Pb-free cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to no lead bronze bearing material processing technique fields, and in particular to a kind of unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing
Preparation method.
Background technology
The copper-based alloy material of traditional manufacture bearing bush material is by copper, lead, tin, zinc（Or phosphorus）Composition, due to
It is toxic to human body containing lead, there is a pollution to environment, lead and its compound respectively organize human body toxic, and route of intoxication can
Its steam or powder are sucked by respiratory tract, then phagocyte absorbs its rapid band to blood, or through alimentary canal in respiratory tract,
It is poisoned into blood circulation, the increasingly raising and mechanization that environmental protection consciousness and own health are required with people
Traffic, production and daily life tool it is universal, it was recognized that the waste that generates in use of various tools can to people and
Environment pollutes, therefore lead-free copper-based alloy material is present main direction of studying, is obtained in the prior art by adding bismuth
To Pb-free copper-alloy material, found in specific research, when bi content be 1.0% have without lead bronze bismuth bearing material it is poor
Antifriction and block resistance, when load is more than 1.6kN, friction pair can occur seriously to adhere and be engaged and fail, because of bi content
When smaller, the bi content of partial contact zones exudation is smaller so that adhesion and tearing odds are larger；When bi content is
When 2.0-3.0%, the performance of no lead bronze bismuth bearing material is best, when load is raised to 2.0kN from 0.8kN, antifriction and antisticking
Performance influence hardly loaded, the secondary friction factor that rubs maintain always 0.05 or so；When load rises to 2.4kN
When, the secondary friction factor that rubs obviously rises with surface temperature, when load rises to 2.8kN, rub secondary friction factor and
Surface temperature rapid increase, and with apparent vibration and noise, friction synetion occurs serious adhesion and occlusion and fails；Work as bismuth
Poor antisticking and occlusion performance is also presented without lead bronze bismuth bearing material when content is 4.0-5.0%, when load is respectively
When 1.2 and 1.6kN, friction synetion occurs serious adhesion and occlusion and fails, under Oil Lubrication Condition, the precipitation master of low melting point bismuth
Collaboration and booster action are played, is conducive to improve the secondary antifriction of friction and antisticking characteristic, and bismuth is compared more crisp with lead, works as bismuth
When content is higher, the bismuth for dissolving out matrix mutually increases, and after higher lightning temperature declines, does not exist easily in the bismuth in melting state
Regional area forms accumulation and causes to fall off from friction surface in friction process, makes the secondary fluctuation of service of friction instead, because
This, under variable load and convenient lubricating condition, in no lead bronze bismuth bearing material bi content it is excessively high and it is too low be unfavorable for material antifriction,
The raising of antisticking and anti-seizing property, and when bi content is 3.0%, the antisticking of no lead bronze bismuth bearing material and occlusion property
Can preferably, bearing capacity is stronger, but so that the bismuth on surface layer is easy to fall off since bismuth is more crisp, and bearing material surface is caused to will appear centainly
Ditch dug with a plow and adhesion peeling phenomenon, basic crystallization and copper-lead bearing material, but also need to continue Improvement.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is for existing problem, provide a kind of preparation side of unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing
Method.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：A kind of preparation method of unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing, packet
Include the following contents：
（1）Include by element weight percent：It is bismuth 1%, tin 10%, zinc 1.2-1.6%, indium 0.4-0.8%, phosphorus 0.08-0.16%, remaining
Amount is copper and inevitable impurity, and impurity content synthesis is no more than 0.05%；
（2）Prepare raw material according to formula, bismuth, zinc, phosphorus raw material are added in ball grinder under nitrogen atmosphere, seals, with ball milling matter
Amount is 400-600 revs/min than 30-40, rotating speed, ball milling 3-4 hours, and it is 1000-1400 revs/min then to adjust rotating speed, ball
Mill 1-2 hours, obtains mixed powder after the completion；
（3）Adjusting smelting furnace power is 220kw, copper raw material is added, until sequentially adding power regulation to 160kw after being completely melt
Mixed powder and tin, indium, until completely melted, adjusting smelting furnace power are 100kw, mistake under conditions of temperature is 180-220 DEG C
Heat treatment 5 minutes obtains overheat molten liquid；
（4）Overheat molten liquid is atomized after anti-oxidant treatment, fishing slag, postcooling is completed in atomization, screening obtains copper bismuthino
Alloy powder；
（5）Gained copper bismuth-base alloy powder is coated on the bottom substrate of the cold rolling copper plated low-carbon steel plate of crystallization, powdering thickness
For 0.6-0.7mm, be sintered, keep the temperature in high temperature net strip sintering furnace, then through rolling, resintering, roll again after obtain.
As further improvement of these options, the anti-oxidation treatment method is, charcoal lump is added, and pair is connect with air
The overheat molten liquid of contact portion point is handled 2-3 minutes, then takes out charcoal lump.
As further improvement of these options, glass fragment is added, the overheat molten liquid after anti-oxidant treatment is carried out
Slag is dragged for, smelting furnace power is adjusted as 35-40kw before dragging for slag.
As further improvement of these options, the atomization includes three processes, first procedure regulation smelting furnace work(
Rate is 84-88kw, and the surplus for overheating molten liquid after the completion is the 2/3 of its total amount；Second procedure regulation smelting furnace power is 40-
45kw, the surplus for overheating molten liquid after the completion are the 1/3 of its total amount；Third procedure regulation smelting furnace power is 10-15kw, mist
Change and completes.
As further improvement of these options, uses hydrogen and argon gas to mix in the sintering process and protected as sintering
The volume ratio of atmosphere, hydrogen and argon gas is 3-5:1.
As further improvement of these options, the sintering process is divided into two stages, first stage sintering temperature
It it is 865-875 DEG C, soaking time is 15-20 minutes；Second stage sintering temperature is 725-745 DEG C, and soaking time is 15-20 points
Clock.
As further improvement of these options, the pressure rolling and multiple roll compacting power are 400-600MPa.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with prior art：Unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy further adjusts original in the present invention
Material, adjustment bi content are less than 2%, while rationally adjusting the content of zinc, indium, phosphorus, can ensure nothing while bi content reduces
It is essentially identical when the antisticking of lead bronze bismuth bearing material and occlusion performance with bi content are 3.0%, while avoiding due to bismuth matter
Cause bearing material surface to will appear ditch dug with a plow and adhesion peeling phenomenon caused by crisp feature, is also high-performance Pb-free cupric bismuthino
Alloy bearing provides more raw material selections.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing, including the following contents：
（1）Include by element weight percent：Bismuth 1%, tin 10%, zinc 1.4%, indium 0.6%, phosphorus 0.12%, surplus are copper and can not keep away
The impurity exempted from, impurity content synthesis are no more than 0.05%；
（2）Prepare raw material according to formula, bismuth, zinc, phosphorus raw material are added in ball grinder under nitrogen atmosphere, seals, with ball milling matter
Amount is 500 revs/min than 35, rotating speed, ball milling 3.5 hours, and it is 1200 revs/min then to adjust rotating speed, and ball milling 1.5 hours is complete
Mixed powder is obtained after；
（3）Adjusting smelting furnace power is 220kw, copper raw material is added, until sequentially adding power regulation to 160kw after being completely melt
Mixed powder and tin, indium, until completely melted, adjusting smelting furnace power are 100kw, under conditions of temperature is 200 DEG C at overheat
Reason 5 minutes obtains overheat molten liquid；
（4）Overheat molten liquid is atomized after anti-oxidant treatment, fishing slag, postcooling is completed in atomization, screening obtains copper bismuthino
Alloy powder；
（5）Gained copper bismuth-base alloy powder is coated on the bottom substrate of the cold rolling copper plated low-carbon steel plate of crystallization, powdering thickness
For 0.65mm, be sintered, keep the temperature in high temperature net strip sintering furnace, then through rolling, resintering, roll again after obtain.
Wherein, the anti-oxidation treatment method is, charcoal lump is added, the overheat molten liquid processing pair with air contact portion
2.5 minutes, then charcoal lump is taken out.
Wherein, glass fragment is added and fishing slag is carried out to the overheat molten liquid after anti-oxidant treatment, smelting furnace work(is adjusted before dragging for slag
Rate is 38kw.
Wherein, the atomization includes three processes, and first procedure regulation smelting furnace power is 86kw, crosses heat fusing after the completion
The surplus of liquid is the 2/3 of its total amount；Second procedure regulation smelting furnace power is 42kw, overheats the surplus of molten liquid after the completion
It is the 1/3 of its total amount；Third procedure regulation smelting furnace power is 12kw, and atomization is completed.
Wherein, hydrogen and argon gas is used to mix as sintering protective atmosphere, the volume of hydrogen and argon gas in the sintering process
Than being 4:1；
The sintering process is divided into two stages, and first stage sintering temperature is 870 DEG C, and soaking time is 18 minutes；Second-order
Section sintering temperature is 735 DEG C, and soaking time is 18 minutes；The pressure rolling and multiple roll compacting power are 500MPa.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing, including the following contents：
（1）Include by element weight percent：Bismuth 1%, tin 10%, zinc 1.2%, indium 0.8%, phosphorus 0.16%, surplus are copper and can not keep away
The impurity exempted from, impurity content synthesis are no more than 0.05%；
（2）Prepare raw material according to formula, bismuth, zinc, phosphorus raw material are added in ball grinder under nitrogen atmosphere, seals, with ball milling matter
Amount is 400 revs/min than 40, rotating speed, ball milling 3 hours, and it is 1000 revs/min then to adjust rotating speed, ball milling 2 hours, after the completion
Obtain mixed powder；
（3）Adjusting smelting furnace power is 220kw, copper raw material is added, until sequentially adding power regulation to 160kw after being completely melt
Mixed powder and tin, indium, until completely melted, adjusting smelting furnace power are 100kw, under conditions of temperature is 180 DEG C at overheat
Reason 5 minutes obtains overheat molten liquid；
（4）Overheat molten liquid is atomized after anti-oxidant treatment, fishing slag, postcooling is completed in atomization, screening obtains copper bismuthino
Alloy powder；
（5）Gained copper bismuth-base alloy powder is coated on the bottom substrate of the cold rolling copper plated low-carbon steel plate of crystallization, powdering thickness
For 0.6mm, be sintered, keep the temperature in high temperature net strip sintering furnace, then through rolling, resintering, roll again after obtain.
Wherein, the anti-oxidation treatment method is, charcoal lump is added, the overheat molten liquid processing pair with air contact portion
2 minutes, then charcoal lump is taken out.
Wherein, glass fragment is added and fishing slag is carried out to the overheat molten liquid after anti-oxidant treatment, smelting furnace work(is adjusted before dragging for slag
Rate is 40kw.
Wherein, the atomization includes three processes, and first procedure regulation smelting furnace power is 88kw, crosses heat fusing after the completion
The surplus of liquid is the 2/3 of its total amount；Second procedure regulation smelting furnace power is 40kw, overheats the surplus of molten liquid after the completion
It is the 1/3 of its total amount；Third procedure regulation smelting furnace power is 15kw, and atomization is completed.
Wherein, hydrogen and argon gas is used to mix as sintering protective atmosphere, the volume of hydrogen and argon gas in the sintering process
Than being 3:1；
The sintering process is divided into two stages, and first stage sintering temperature is 875 DEG C, and soaking time is 20 minutes；Second-order
Section sintering temperature is 745 DEG C, and soaking time is 20 minutes；The pressure rolling and multiple roll compacting power are 600MPa.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing, including the following contents：
（1）Include by element weight percent：Bismuth 1%, tin 10%, zinc 1.6%, indium 0.4%, phosphorus 0.08%, surplus are copper and can not keep away
The impurity exempted from, impurity content synthesis are no more than 0.05%；
（2）Prepare raw material according to formula, bismuth, zinc, phosphorus raw material are added in ball grinder under nitrogen atmosphere, seals, with ball milling matter
Amount is 600 revs/min than 30, rotating speed, ball milling 4 hours, and it is 1400 revs/min then to adjust rotating speed, ball milling 1 hour, after the completion
Obtain mixed powder；
（3）Adjusting smelting furnace power is 220kw, copper raw material is added, until sequentially adding power regulation to 160kw after being completely melt
Mixed powder and tin, indium, until completely melted, adjusting smelting furnace power are 100kw, under conditions of temperature is 220 DEG C at overheat
Reason 5 minutes obtains overheat molten liquid；
（4）Overheat molten liquid is atomized after anti-oxidant treatment, fishing slag, postcooling is completed in atomization, screening obtains copper bismuthino
Alloy powder；
（5）Gained copper bismuth-base alloy powder is coated on the bottom substrate of the cold rolling copper plated low-carbon steel plate of crystallization, powdering thickness
For 0.7mm, be sintered, keep the temperature in high temperature net strip sintering furnace, then through rolling, resintering, roll again after obtain.
Wherein, the anti-oxidation treatment method is, charcoal lump is added, the overheat molten liquid processing pair with air contact portion
3 minutes, then charcoal lump is taken out.
Wherein, glass fragment is added and fishing slag is carried out to the overheat molten liquid after anti-oxidant treatment, smelting furnace work(is adjusted before dragging for slag
Rate is 35kw.
Wherein, the atomization includes three processes, and first procedure regulation smelting furnace power is 84kw, crosses heat fusing after the completion
The surplus of liquid is the 2/3 of its total amount；Second procedure regulation smelting furnace power is 45kw, overheats the surplus of molten liquid after the completion
It is the 1/3 of its total amount；Third procedure regulation smelting furnace power is 10kw, and atomization is completed.
Wherein, hydrogen and argon gas is used to mix as sintering protective atmosphere, the volume of hydrogen and argon gas in the sintering process
Than being 5:1；
The sintering process is divided into two stages, and first stage sintering temperature is 865 DEG C, and soaking time is 15 minutes；Second-order
Section sintering temperature is 735 DEG C, and soaking time is 15 minutes；The pressure rolling and multiple roll compacting power are 400MPa.
Control group 1 is set, indium in embodiment 1 is substituted for etc. to the bismuth of weight, remaining content is constant；The preferably group 2 being arranged,
Zinc in embodiment 1 is substituted for etc. to the bismuth of weight, remaining content is constant；Control group 3 is set, by step in embodiment 1（2）It goes
Fall, step（3）When middle addition mixed powder, corresponding raw material is added, remaining content is constant；Control group 4, raw material components weight are set
Proportioning is：Copper 87%, tin 10%, bismuth 3%；1 step of embodiment is carried out after directly raw material is mixed（5）Middle operation；
To each group being counted without lead bronze bismuth bearing friction pair friction factor under 2.0kN load-up conditions, while to friction 60
The surface Wear track depth that is averaged after minute measures,
Table 1
| Embodiment 1 | Friction factor | Wear track depth（μm） |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.038 | 8.96 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.036 | 8.74 |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.037 | 8.85 |
| Control group 1 | 0.059 | 13.57 |
| Control group 2 | 0.062 | 10.62 |
| Control group 3 | 0.057 | 12.85 |
| Control group 4 | 0.037 | 13.72 |
Friction factor and 4 basic little Tong of control group in the present invention are can be seen that by data in table 1, it is preferable to illustrate that it has
Antifriction and anti-friction characteristic, friction treatment after sixty minutes, the surface Wear track depth that is averaged is substantially reduced than control group 4.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation method of unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing, which is characterized in that including the following contents：
（1）Include by element weight percent：It is bismuth 1%, tin 10%, zinc 1.2-1.6%, indium 0.4-0.8%, phosphorus 0.08-0.16%, remaining
Amount is copper and inevitable impurity, and impurity content synthesis is no more than 0.05%；
（2）Prepare raw material according to formula, bismuth, zinc, phosphorus raw material are added in ball grinder under nitrogen atmosphere, seals, with ball milling matter
Amount is 400-600 revs/min than 30-40, rotating speed, ball milling 3-4 hours, and it is 1000-1400 revs/min then to adjust rotating speed, ball
Mill 1-2 hours, obtains mixed powder after the completion；
（3）Adjusting smelting furnace power is 220kw, copper raw material is added, until sequentially adding power regulation to 160kw after being completely melt
Mixed powder and tin, indium, until completely melted, adjusting smelting furnace power are 100kw, mistake under conditions of temperature is 180-220 DEG C
Heat treatment 5 minutes obtains overheat molten liquid；
（4）Overheat molten liquid is atomized after anti-oxidant treatment, fishing slag, postcooling is completed in atomization, screening obtains copper bismuthino
Alloy powder；
（5）Gained copper bismuth-base alloy powder is coated on the bottom substrate of the cold rolling copper plated low-carbon steel plate of crystallization, powdering thickness
For 0.6-0.7mm, be sintered, keep the temperature in high temperature net strip sintering furnace, then through rolling, resintering, roll again after obtain.
2. a kind of preparation method of unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described anti-oxidant
Processing method is, charcoal lump is added, then overheat molten liquid processing 2-3 minutes pair with air contact portion takes charcoal lump
Go out.
3. a kind of preparation method of unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is broken that glass is added
Block carries out fishing slag to the overheat molten liquid after anti-oxidant treatment, and smelting furnace power is adjusted as 35-40kw before dragging for slag.
4. a kind of preparation method of unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the atomization packet
Three processes are included, first procedure regulation smelting furnace power is 84-88kw, and the surplus for overheating molten liquid after the completion is its total amount
2/3；Second procedure regulation smelting furnace power is 40-45kw, and the surplus for overheating molten liquid after the completion is the 1/3 of its total amount；The
Three procedure regulation smelting furnace power are 10-15kw, and atomization is completed.
5. a kind of preparation method of unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described sintered
Hydrogen and argon gas is used to mix as sintering protective atmosphere in journey, the volume ratio of hydrogen and argon gas is 3-5:1.
6. a kind of preparation method of unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described sintered
Journey is divided into two stages, and first stage sintering temperature is 865-875 DEG C, and soaking time is 15-20 minutes；Second stage sintering temperature
Degree is 725-745 DEG C, and soaking time is 15-20 minutes.
7. a kind of preparation method of unleaded cupric bismuth-base alloy bearing as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the pressure rolling and
Multiple roll compacting power is 400-600MPa.
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| CN109434101A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-03-08 | 宁波申禾轴承有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of corrosion resisting bearing |
| CN109434099A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-03-08 | 宁波申禾轴承有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of high intensity deep groove ball bearing |
| CN109487150A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-03-19 | 宁波申禾轴承有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of anti-friction bearing |
| CN109570509A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-05 | 宁波申禾轴承有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of high intensity bearing |
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