CN108768476B - Power distribution method for enhanced spatial modulation system - Google Patents

Power distribution method for enhanced spatial modulation system Download PDF

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CN108768476B
CN108768476B CN201810493415.5A CN201810493415A CN108768476B CN 108768476 B CN108768476 B CN 108768476B CN 201810493415 A CN201810493415 A CN 201810493415A CN 108768476 B CN108768476 B CN 108768476B
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power distribution
power
optimization problem
spatial modulation
modulation system
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CN108768476A (en
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朱静
杨平
肖悦
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0426—Power distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of communication anti-interference, and particularly relates to a power distribution method for an enhanced spatial modulation system. The invention uses the power distribution algorithm in the enhanced space modulation system, compared with the traditional enhanced space modulation system model, the scheme of the invention mainly adds a power distribution module at the transmitting end by using the limited feedback link, and reasonably distributes the transmitting power by using the current channel information, so that the performance is optimal. Under the condition of the same transmitting power, compared with the traditional enhanced spatial modulation system, the invention can obtain larger BER performance improvement.

Description

Power distribution method for enhanced spatial modulation system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication anti-interference, and relates to an Enhanced Spatial Modulation (ESM) technology, a Power Allocation (PA) technology and a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology.
Background
With the rapid increase of communication demand of mobile users, broadband communication technologies with higher data rate, higher spectrum utilization rate and lower implementation complexity are urgently needed to meet the demand of wireless communication. The Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology can realize broadband wireless communication with higher spectrum utilization rate, but in practical application, there are also problems of inter-channel interference, inter-antenna synchronization, Multiple radio frequency links, high system power consumption, and the like. Spatial Modulation (SM) as a novel multi-antenna technique can alleviate the above-mentioned defects in the conventional MIMO transmission scheme, and becomes a hot problem in the current wireless communication research.
Enhanced Spatial Modulation (ESM), an improved SM scheme, transmits information bits through a combination of antenna indices and conventional Amplitude and Phase Modulation (APM). Different from the SM, the APM constellation set of the ESM includes two types, a primary constellation and a secondary constellation, and one or two transmitting antennas are activated in each time slot, so that the transmission rate of the ESM system is higher than that of the SM system under the same configuration, and better system performance can be maintained.
Power Allocation (PA) techniques can improve system performance by adjusting the Allocation of transmit Power over a limited feedback link to combat the effects of time-varying channel fading. The adaptive power allocation algorithm does not change the modulation mode of the transmitting antenna, and only scales the magnitude of the modulated signal power.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to apply the power distribution technology to an enhanced spatial modulation system so as to obtain the BER performance gain of the system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
consider an Nt(power of 2) root transmit antenna, NrThe MIMO wireless transmission system comprises a plurality of receiving antennas, wherein the modulation order of the main constellation is M, and the modulation order of the secondary constellation is N (generally, N is M/2). Similar to the conventional spatial modulation system, the data transmission and receiving end detection of the enhanced spatial modulation can be divided into the following steps:
1) the transmitting end firstly sends the bit stream to be transmitted to the serial-parallel conversion module, and the bit stream after passing through the module is converted into an information bit block, namely in the form of a bit data matrix. It should be noted that, at this time, each column of the matrix corresponds to the information bits transmitted in the corresponding transmission time slot, and the dimension of the column vector b is equal to the transmission rate m of the system.
2) Sending the information bit vector b to a receiving space modulation module and dividing b into b ═ b1,b2]Two parts, one part of bits is used for selecting one receiving antenna combination C, and the rest bits are mapped into a constellation point s through the traditional amplitude phase modulationn。
3) And performing power allocation on the transmission vector mapped by the ESM system, namely multiplying the transmission vector by a power allocation matrix P. In practice, the transmit antennas are also power allocated.
4) The receiving end performs traversal search and judgment in all possible transmitting signal spaces according to the received signal, and finally recovers the original transmitting bit vector through the parallel/serial conversion module.
In each time slot, first b1＝log2(N),
Figure BDA0001668511730000021
Bits for the slave set SspatialIn which a space constellation point is selected
Figure BDA0001668511730000022
Wherein
Figure BDA0001668511730000023
Can be expressed as
Figure BDA0001668511730000024
That is, the ESM system has one or two transmit antennas transmitting information in each time slot, and the remaining antennas are silent. Rear b2＝log2The (M) bits are used for conventional APM symbol mapping, and the APM symbol set is Ssignal＝{S1,S2In which S is1,S2A primary constellation symbol set and a secondary constellation symbol set, respectively, which can be expressed as:
S1＝{s1,s2,...,si,...,sM}
Figure BDA0001668511730000025
wherein theta isi(i 1, 2.., V.) denotes a rotation angle and V log2(M)-1。
The received signal of the enhanced space modulation system assisted by power distribution is
y＝HPCs+n
＝HPx+n
Wherein
Figure BDA0001668511730000031
Is the vector of the received signal(s),
Figure BDA0001668511730000032
is a flat rayleigh fading channel matrix and,
Figure BDA0001668511730000033
is the vector of the transmitted signal(s),
Figure BDA0001668511730000034
is a Gaussian white noise vector and the power distribution matrix is
Figure BDA0001668511730000035
And can be represented as
P＝diag(p)
Wherein
Figure BDA0001668511730000036
Represents a power allocation weight vector whose elements satisfy
Figure BDA0001668511730000037
(PTThe overall transmit power).
At the receiving end, the maximum likelihood detector may be denoted as
Figure BDA0001668511730000038
Power distribution assisted ESM systems based on maximum likelihood detection of pairwise error probabilities of
Figure BDA0001668511730000039
Wherein Q (-) is Q function, and λ is the minimum Euclidean distance d in the constellation received by the receiving endminIs the most important ofThe number of neighbors. As can be seen from the above equation, the pair-wise error probability PeWith dmin(p) is increased and decreased, and
Figure BDA00016685117300000310
thus, an optimization model P1 can be obtained,
(P1)
Figure BDA00016685117300000311
s.t.||p||2≤PT
obviously, the optimization problem P1 is a non-convex optimization problem that is difficult to solve directly, and therefore, introducing an auxiliary scalar variable t, the optimization problem P1 can be written as the equivalent form P2 below,
(P2)
Figure BDA00016685117300000312
Figure BDA00016685117300000313
wherein R isij＝HHH⊙[(xi-xj)(xi-xj)H]。
The algorithm flow is as follows:
step 1, linearize pHRijp, i.e. pHRijp is approximately
Figure BDA0001668511730000041
Step 2, mixing
Figure BDA0001668511730000042
Real valued as
Figure BDA0001668511730000043
Step 3, rewriting the optimization problem P2 into a convex optimization problem P3
(P3)
Figure BDA0001668511730000044
Figure BDA0001668511730000045
And 4, solving a convex optimization problem P3 by using a convex optimization tool or an interior point method, thereby obtaining a power distribution matrix P.
Compared with the traditional enhanced spatial modulation system model, the scheme of the invention mainly adds a power distribution module at the transmitting end by using the limited feedback link, and reasonably distributes the transmitting power by using the current channel information, so that the performance is optimal. Under the condition of the same transmitting power, compared with the traditional enhanced spatial modulation system, the invention can obtain larger BER performance improvement.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of an enhanced spatial modulation transmission architecture with power allocation assistance according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of BER performance simulation for the enhanced spatial modulation system assisted by power allocation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the invention. It is to be expressly noted that in the following description, a detailed description of known functions and designs will be omitted when it may obscure the subject matter of the present invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, this example schematically shows the basic framework of the power allocation assisted enhanced spatial modulation transmission structure, and it can be seen that compared with the conventional enhanced spatial modulation system model, the enhanced spatial modulation system model adds a power allocation module at the transmitting end, and uses a limited feedback link to adjust the power allocation factor to cope with time-varying channel fading, and the structure can effectively improve the transmission rate of the system.
This example is an enhanced spatial modulation MIMO communication system assisted by power allocation of 4-transmission and 2-reception, where the modulation scheme of the main constellation is QPSK, the modulation scheme of the secondary constellation is BPSK, and then the transmission rate of the system is m ═ 6(bits/symbol), and the transmission information bits are divided into two parts: front b14 bits for antenna combination selection, then b22 bits are used for APM symbol mapping. More specifically, the enhanced spatial modulation mapping rule assisted by power allocation for 4-transmission and 2-reception is detailed in table 1.
At this time, the enhanced spatial modulation system response assisted by power allocation is:
y＝HPx+n
wherein, H is a channel matrix, x is a transmission signal vector, n is white gaussian noise, and P is a power distribution matrix.
Table 1.4 transmit-2 receive power allocation assisted enhanced spatial modulation mapping table
Antenna 1 Antenna 2 Antenna 3 Antenna 4
C1 QPSK 0 0 0
C2 0 QPSK 0 0
C3 0 0 QPSK 0
C4 0 0 0 QPSK
C5 BPSK0 BPSK0 0 0
C6 BPSK0 0 BPSK0 0
C7 BPSK0 0 0 BPSK0
C8
0 BPSK0 BPSK0 0
C9 0 BPSK0 0 BPSK0
C10
0 0 BPSK0 BPSK0
C11 BPSK1 BPSK1 0 0
C12 BPSK1 0 BPSK1 0
C13 BPSK1 0 0 BPSK1
C14
0 BPSK1 BPSK1 0
C15 0 BPSK1 0 BPSK1
C16
0 0 BPSK1 BPSK1
At the receiving end, the maximum likelihood detector may be denoted as
Figure BDA0001668511730000051
Power distribution assisted ESM systems based on maximum likelihood detection of pairwise error probabilities of
Figure BDA0001668511730000052
Wherein Q (-) is Q function, and λ is the minimum Euclidean distance d in the constellation received by the receiving endminThe number of nearest neighbors. As can be seen from the above equation, the pair-wise error probability PeWith dmin(p) is increased and decreased, and
Figure BDA0001668511730000061
thus, an optimization model P1 can be obtained,
(P1)
Figure BDA0001668511730000062
s.t.||p||2≤PT
obviously, the optimization problem P1 is a non-convex optimization problem that is difficult to solve directly, and therefore, introducing an auxiliary scalar variable t, the optimization problem P1 can be written as the equivalent form P2 below,
(P2)
Figure BDA0001668511730000063
Figure BDA0001668511730000064
wherein R isij＝HHH⊙[(xi-xj)(xi-xj)H]。
The algorithm flow is as follows:
step 1, linearize pHRijp, i.e. pHRijp is approximately
Figure BDA0001668511730000065
Step 2, mixing
Figure BDA0001668511730000066
Real valued as
Figure BDA0001668511730000067
Step 3, rewriting the optimization problem P2 into a convex optimization problem P3
(P3)
Figure BDA0001668511730000068
Figure BDA0001668511730000069
And 4, solving a convex optimization problem P3 by using a convex optimization tool or an interior point method, thereby obtaining a power distribution matrix P.
The simulation result is shown in the attached fig. 2 of the specification, fig. 2 shows BER performance of the enhanced spatial modulation MIMO communication system assisted by power allocation of the present invention, and it can be seen that: compared with the traditional enhanced spatial modulation system, the enhanced spatial modulation system assisted by power distribution has better BER performance.
In summary, the following steps: the invention applies the power distribution technology to the enhancement type space modulation MIMO communication system, and can obtain better BER performance gain.

Claims (1)

1. A power allocation method for an enhanced spatial modulation system having NtRoot transmitting antenna, NrAccording to the receiving antenna, the modulation order of the main constellation is M, the modulation order of the secondary constellation is N, and the transmitted information bit is
Figure FDA0002666518090000011
Wherein N istTo the power of 2; the power distribution method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, enhanced spatial modulation mapping:
to be transmitted
Figure FDA0002666518090000012
The bit information is divided into two parts, front
Figure FDA0002666518090000013
The bits are used for spatial symbol mapping and the codebook is:
Figure FDA0002666518090000014
wherein
Figure FDA0002666518090000015
CiIs shown as
Figure FDA0002666518090000016
Rear log2(M) bits for APM symbol mapping, codebook Ssignal＝{S1,S2In which S is1,S2A primary constellation symbol set and a secondary constellation symbol set, respectively, represented as:
S1＝{s1,s2,...,si,...,sM}
Figure FDA0002666518090000017
wherein theta isiDenotes the rotation angle and V is log2(M) -1, i ═ 1, 2.., V; so that an emission vector x ═ Cs can be obtained; the system response is established as follows:
y＝HPCs+n
＝HPx+n
wherein
Figure FDA0002666518090000018
Is the vector of the received signal(s),
Figure FDA0002666518090000019
is a flat rayleigh fading channel matrix and,
Figure FDA00026665180900000110
is the vector of the transmitted signal(s),
Figure FDA00026665180900000111
is a Gaussian white noise vector and the power distribution matrix is
Figure FDA00026665180900000112
S2, establishing a power distribution matrix P:
the power distribution design criterion based on the minimum Euclidean distance maximization is as follows:
Figure FDA0002666518090000021
s.t.||p||2≤PT
wherein, PTFor the total transmitted power, minimum Euclidean distance dmin(p) is
Figure FDA0002666518090000022
S3, solving the non-convex optimization problem in S2:
introducing an auxiliary scalar variable t, the non-convex optimization problem P1 can be written as the equivalent form P2,
Figure FDA0002666518090000023
wherein R isij＝HHH⊙[(xi-xj)(xi-xj)H]；
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s31 linearization of pHRijp, i.e. pHRijp is approximately
Figure FDA0002666518090000024
S32, mixing
Figure FDA0002666518090000025
Real valued as
Figure FDA0002666518090000026
S33, rewriting optimization problem P2 into convex optimization problem P3
Figure FDA0002666518090000027
S34, solving a convex optimization problem P3 by using a convex optimization tool or an interior point method, thereby obtaining a power distribution matrix P.
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CN107493122A (en) * 2016-06-12 2017-12-19 北京三星通信技术研究有限公司 A kind of spatial modulation transmission method and equipment
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