CN108767146B - Protective structure with fire extinguishing function for inhibiting thermal runaway of battery core - Google Patents
Protective structure with fire extinguishing function for inhibiting thermal runaway of battery core Download PDFInfo
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- CN108767146B CN108767146B CN201810318642.4A CN201810318642A CN108767146B CN 108767146 B CN108767146 B CN 108767146B CN 201810318642 A CN201810318642 A CN 201810318642A CN 108767146 B CN108767146 B CN 108767146B
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- Prior art keywords
- battery core
- battery cell
- battery
- fire extinguishing
- extinguishing material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0014—Powders; Granules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a protective structure with a fire extinguishing effect and for inhibiting thermal runaway of a battery core, which comprises an upper cover, a lower cover, a battery core separator and a fire extinguishing material, wherein the battery core separator is arranged between the upper cover and the lower cover, the battery core separator is provided with a first accommodating part and a second accommodating part, the first accommodating part is adjacent to the upper cover and positioned between a first battery core and a second battery core, the second accommodating part is adjacent to the lower cover and positioned between the first battery core and the second battery core, the battery core separator material has a critical temperature, and the fire extinguishing material is filled and sealed in the first accommodating part and the second accommodating part, wherein when the first battery core is ignited and burnt and the temperature of flame exceeds the critical temperature, the first accommodating part and/or the second accommodating part are/is deformed and damaged to release the fire extinguishing material so that the first battery core stops burning, and the second battery core is further protected. When the battery core is ignited and burns, the fire extinguishing material can be used for effectively extinguishing the fire, so that the battery core is prevented from burning.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a protection structure, and more particularly, to a protection structure with fire extinguishing effect for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery cell.
Background
The traditional method for inhibiting the battery core from burning is to increase the distance between the battery cores or to pour paraffin or silica gel around the battery cores, but the increase of the distance between the battery cores can increase the appearance of the whole battery module and is not high in feasibility, and the paraffin or silica gel poured around the battery cores can easily contain air, so that the flame retardant effect is poor or the leakage is easy to occur, and the production is affected.
Therefore, there is a need to design a new protection structure with fire extinguishing effect for suppressing thermal runaway of battery cells to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a protective structure with a fire extinguishing effect for inhibiting thermal runaway of a battery core, which contains a fire extinguishing material in the protective structure, and can effectively inhibit fire from spreading to another adjacent battery core when the battery core is ignited and burns, so as to protect the battery core.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a protection structure for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery cell with a fire extinguishing effect is provided, for accommodating a first battery cell and a second battery cell, the protection structure includes: an upper cover; a lower cover combined with the upper cover; a battery cell separator disposed between the upper cover and the lower cover, the battery cell separator having a first receiving portion and a second receiving portion, the first receiving portion being adjacent to the upper cover and located between the first battery cell and the second battery cell, the second receiving portion being adjacent to the lower cover and located between the first battery cell and the second battery cell, a material of the battery cell separator having a critical temperature; and fire extinguishing material filled and sealed in the first and second accommodating parts; when the first battery core is ignited and the temperature of flame exceeds the critical temperature, the first accommodating part and/or the second accommodating part are deformed and damaged to release the fire extinguishing material, so that the first battery core stops burning, and the second battery core is protected.
As an optional technical solution, the first battery cell and the second battery cell have cylindrical surfaces, the two opposite sides of the battery cell separator have a first battery cell cylindrical surface coating structure and a second battery cell cylindrical surface coating structure, the first battery cell cylindrical surface coating structure and the second battery cell cylindrical surface coating structure are separated between the first battery cell and the second battery cell, wherein the first accommodating portion is located in a triangular space surrounded by the first battery cell cylindrical surface coating structure, the second battery cell cylindrical surface coating structure and the upper cover, and the second accommodating portion is located in a triangular space surrounded by the first battery cell cylindrical surface coating structure, the second battery cell cylindrical surface coating structure and the lower cover.
As an alternative solution, the first accommodating portion includes a plurality of first sub-accommodating portions, and the plurality of first sub-accommodating portions are sequentially arranged between the first battery cell and the second battery cell along a straight line and are separated from each other by a first separator.
As an alternative solution, the second accommodating portion includes a plurality of second sub-accommodating portions, and the plurality of second sub-accommodating portions are sequentially arranged between the first battery cell and the second battery cell along a straight line and are separated from each other by a second separator.
As an optional technical solution, the fire extinguishing device further includes a first film layer and a second film layer, and the first film layer and the second film layer are respectively covered above the fire extinguishing material in the first accommodating portion and the second accommodating portion.
As an alternative solution, the fire extinguishing material reacts with heat to generate a barrier gas to isolate oxygen in the air.
Optionally, the barrier gas comprises at least one of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, ammonia, and water vapor.
As an optional technical scheme, the weight percentage of the diammonium hydrogen phosphate in the fire extinguishing material is between 8% and 14%.
As an optional technical scheme, the weight percentage of the potassium carbonate in the fire extinguishing material is between 25 and 35 percent.
As an optional technical scheme, the weight percentage of the sodium bicarbonate in the fire extinguishing material is between 4% and 8%.
As an optional technical scheme, the weight percentage of sodium tungstate in the fire extinguishing material is between 2% and 6%.
Compared with the prior art, the protection structure with the fire extinguishing effect for inhibiting the thermal runaway of the battery core comprises an upper cover, a lower cover, a battery core separator and a fire extinguishing material, wherein the battery core separator is arranged between the upper cover and the lower cover, the battery core separator is provided with a first accommodating part and a second accommodating part, the first accommodating part is adjacent to the upper cover and positioned between the first battery core and the second battery core, the second accommodating part is adjacent to the lower cover and positioned between the first battery core and the second battery core, the battery core separator has a critical temperature, and the fire extinguishing material is filled and sealed in the first accommodating part and the second accommodating part, wherein when the first battery core is ignited and burnt and the temperature of flame exceeds the critical temperature, the first accommodating part and/or the second accommodating part are/is deformed and damaged to release the fire extinguishing material so that the first battery core stops burning, and the second battery core is further protected. The fire extinguishing material is contained in the protective structure, so that when the battery core is ignited and burnt, the fire can be effectively extinguished, and the battery core is prevented from being burnt. In addition, the cell pitch does not need to be increased, so that the whole battery module has a lighter appearance and is suitable for mass production to improve the yield.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic external view illustrating a protection structure for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the protection structure for suppressing thermal runaway of the battery cell of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the protective structure for suppressing thermal runaway of the battery cell of fig. 2 viewed from a lower viewing angle.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery cell disposed in a protective structure for inhibiting thermal runaway of the battery cell.
Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view and a partially enlarged view of the battery cell thermal runaway prevention structure of fig. 1 along a sectional line a-a.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the objects, structures, features and functions of the present invention, the following embodiments are described in detail.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating an appearance of a protective structure 100 for inhibiting thermal runaway of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the invention, fig. 2 is an exploded schematic view illustrating the protective structure 100 for inhibiting thermal runaway of the battery cell of fig. 1, fig. 3 is a schematic view illustrating the protective structure 100 for inhibiting thermal runaway of the battery cell of fig. 2 as viewed from a lower perspective, fig. 4 is a schematic view illustrating the battery cell disposed in the protective structure 100 for inhibiting thermal runaway of the battery cell, and fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating a cross section of the protective structure 100 for inhibiting thermal runaway of the battery cell of fig. 1 along a sectional line a-a and a partial enlarged view, wherein the battery cell is represented by a dotted line. The protective structure 100 for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery cell with fire extinguishing effect according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an upper cover 110, a lower cover 120, at least one battery cell separator 130, and at least one fire extinguishing material 140. The upper cover 110 and the lower cover 120 are combined to form an accommodating space between the upper cover 110 and the lower cover 120, so that a plurality of battery cells 20 can be accommodated between the upper cover 110 and the lower cover 120. In the present embodiment, the battery cell 20 may be connected to the circuit board 30 through a wire (not shown), and the battery cell 20 may be controlled by the circuit board 30 to be charged or discharged. In the embodiment, five battery cell separators 130 are illustrated, and the upper cover 110 and the lower cover 120 are matched to accommodate six battery cells 20, but the number of the battery cells 20 and the number of the battery cell separators 130 may be adjusted appropriately.
For convenience of description, fig. 2 and 3 show only two sets of fire extinguishing materials 140 (i.e., an upper set of fire extinguishing materials 140 and a lower set of fire extinguishing materials 140), and the following description is only represented by the adjacent first and second battery cells 21 and 22 corresponding to the two sets of fire extinguishing materials 140 and one battery cell separator 130 between the first and second battery cells 21 and 22, and the description of the rest is omitted.
Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, the battery cell separator 130 is disposed between the upper cover 110 and the lower cover 120, and the battery cell separator 130 has a first accommodating portion 131 and a second accommodating portion 132. The first accommodating part 131 is adjacent to the upper cover 110 and located between the first battery cell 21 and the second battery cell 22. The second accommodating part 132 is adjacent to the lower cover 120 and located between the first battery cell 21 and the second battery cell 22.
In one embodiment, the first receiving part 131 includes a plurality of first sub-receiving parts 1311 sequentially arranged between the first battery cell 21 and the second battery cell 22 along a straight line (i.e., a long axis of the first receiving part 131 is parallel to a long axis of the first battery cell 21), and the first sub-receiving parts 1311 are spaced apart from each other by the first spacer 1312. The first barrier 1312 may reinforce the structural strength of the cell separator 130 and allow the fire extinguishing material 140 located in the first sub-receiving part 1311 to be discharged in stages. In addition, the second accommodating part 132 includes a plurality of second sub-accommodating parts 1321 sequentially arranged between the first cell 21 and the second cell 22 along a straight line (i.e., a long axis of the second accommodating part 132 is parallel to a long axis of the second cell 22), and the second sub-accommodating parts 1321 are spaced apart from each other by a second partition 1322. The second partition 1322 may reinforce the structural strength of the cell separator 130 and allow the fire extinguishing material 140 located in the second sub-receiving portion 1321 to be discharged in stages.
Referring to fig. 5, after the protection structure 100 is combined with the plurality of battery cells 20, the fire extinguishing material 140 may be filled and sealed in the first accommodating portion 131 and the second accommodating portion 132, and the fire extinguishing material 140 is not in contact with the first battery cell 21 and the second battery cell 22. Under normal use conditions, the temperature of the first battery cell 21 and the second battery cell 22 may be maintained below a predetermined operating temperature without ignition and combustion. When the first battery cell 21 and the second battery cell 22 are thermally runaway and exceed the critical temperature, a local high temperature may be generated inside the battery cells to cause ignition and combustion.
When the first battery cell 21 is ignited and burned to cause the temperature of the adjacent first accommodating part 131 and/or second accommodating part 132 to exceed the critical temperature of the material of the battery cell separator 130, the first accommodating part 131 and/or second accommodating part 132 is deformed and damaged to release the fire extinguishing material 140, so that the first battery cell 21 stops burning, thereby protecting the second battery cell 22.
The critical temperature of the battery cell separator 130 is, for example, a melting point, and when the combustion temperature is higher than the melting point of the battery cell separator 130, the battery cell separator 130 is melted and deformed and broken.
That is, when the temperature of the battery cell is below the normal operating temperature and the surface temperature of the battery cell does not exceed the critical temperature of the battery cell separator 130, the structure of the battery cell separator 130 remains intact, so the fire extinguishing material 140 in the first accommodating portion 131 and the second accommodating portion 132 is not released, however, when the battery cell is in thermal runaway and is ignited to burn, the flame temperature exceeds the critical temperature of the battery cell separator 130, the battery cell separator 130 is melted and damaged, the fire extinguishing material 140 in the first accommodating portion 131 and the second accommodating portion 132 is released, and the released fire extinguishing material 140 can cover the first battery cell 21 which is ignited to burn and generate a barrier gas to block oxygen to prevent the first battery cell 21 from continuing to burn.
In one embodiment, when the first battery cell 21 is ignited and burned and the flame temperature exceeds the critical temperature of the battery cell separator 130, for example, exceeds 200 to 300 degrees, the first sub-receiving portion 1311 or the second sub-receiving portion 1321 near the ignition and burning position may be deformed and broken to release the fire extinguishing material 140 therein; if the first battery cell 21 does not stop burning and continue to burn, the fire extinguishing materials 140 in the sub-receiving portions at other positions are sequentially released, so that the first battery cell 21 can control the fire by the fire extinguishing materials 140 released in sections, thereby protecting the second battery cell 22.
Referring to fig. 5, in an embodiment, the first battery cell 21 and the second battery cell 22 respectively have a cylindrical surface 23, the battery cell separator 130 is disposed between the first battery cell 21 and the second battery cell 22, the left and right opposite sides of the battery cell separator 130 respectively have a first battery cell cylindrical surface coating structure 133 and a second battery cell cylindrical surface coating structure 134 for covering the cylindrical surfaces 23 of the first battery cell 21 and the second battery cell 22, and the first battery cell cylindrical surface coating structure 133 and the second battery cell cylindrical surface coating structure 134 are separated between the first battery cell 21 and the second battery cell 22.
In one embodiment, the first accommodating portion 131 may be located in a triangular space (see fig. 5) surrounded by the first cell cylindrical surface coating structure 133, the second cell cylindrical surface coating structure 134 and the upper cover 110, and the second accommodating portion 132 may be located in a triangular space (see fig. 5) surrounded by the first cell cylindrical surface coating structure 133, the second cell cylindrical surface coating structure 134 and the lower cover 120. Therefore, the fire extinguishing material 140 may be filled in the existing space of the battery module without increasing the overall size of the battery module. Besides the triangular space, the accommodating space with other shapes or variations can also be applied to the protection structure of the embodiment.
In addition, referring to fig. 2 and 5, in an embodiment, when the fire extinguishing material 140 is filled in the first accommodating portion 131, the first film layer 151 may be further covered on the fire extinguishing material 140, and the first film layer 151 may be thermally compressed to fix the first film layer 151 on the top surface of the battery cell separator 130. Referring to fig. 3 and 5, after the fire extinguishing material 140 is filled in the second accommodating portion 132, the second film 152 may be further covered, and heat and pressure may be applied to the second film 152 to fix the second film 152 to the bottom surface of the battery cell separator 130. Thus, the fire extinguishing material 140 can be sealed in the first accommodating portion 131 and the second accommodating portion 132 by the first film 151 and the second film 152, respectively. The first film 151 and the second film 152 may be non-conductive polymer films, such as resin materials like Mylar (Mylar).
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing material 140 is a chemical agent consisting of potassium compound, such as potassium carbonate (K2CO3) with a weight percentage (wt%) of 25-35%, sodium compound, such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) with a weight percentage (wt%) of 4-8% and sodium tungstate (Na2WO 4.2H 2O) with a weight percentage (wt%), ammonium compound, such as ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) with an approximate saturation amount with a weight percentage (wt%) of 47% and diammonium hydrogen phosphate [ (NH4)2HPO4] with a weight percentage (wt%). The chemical composition can be dissolved in water of about 2.8-3.0 times to obtain fire extinguishing liquid with specific gravity of about 1.20-1.30.
When the first battery cell 21 is ignited and burned, the fire extinguishing material 140 in the deformed and damaged first accommodating portion 131 or second accommodating portion 132 is released, and a violent thermal reaction is generated along with the rise of the combustion temperature, so that a barrier gas of at least one of ammonia, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor and the like is generated, oxygen in the air is rapidly removed, the combustion of the first battery cell 21 is stopped due to oxygen deficiency, and the diffusion of fire to the second battery cell 22 is suppressed. Meanwhile, the chloride, phosphate, etc. remaining after the fire extinguishing material 140 is reacted and not changed into gas to be emitted are coated on the first battery cell 21, thereby preventing the first battery cell 21 from reigniting again.
In summary, the protection structure with fire extinguishing effect for inhibiting thermal runaway of the battery cell disclosed in the above embodiments of the invention includes a fire extinguishing material therein, so that when the battery cell is ignited and burned, the fire can be effectively extinguished, and further the battery cell can be prevented from being burned. In addition, the cell pitch does not need to be increased, so that the whole battery module has a lighter appearance and is suitable for mass production to improve the yield.
The present invention has been described in relation to the above embodiments, which are only exemplary of the implementation of the present invention. It should be noted that the disclosed embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. Rather, it is intended that all such modifications and variations be included within the spirit and scope of this invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a protection architecture who restraines battery core thermal runaway of efficiency of putting out a fire for the holding first battery core and second battery core, its characterized in that, this protection architecture includes:
an upper cover;
a lower cover combined with the upper cover;
a battery core separator disposed between the upper cover and the lower cover, the battery core separator having a first accommodating portion and a second accommodating portion, the first accommodating portion being adjacent to the upper cover and located between the first battery core and the second battery core, the second accommodating portion being adjacent to the lower cover and located between the first battery core and the second battery core, and a single cavity structure being adjacent to the upper cover and located between the first battery core and the second battery core in an arrangement direction of the battery cores; a single cavity structure is arranged between the first battery cell and the second battery cell and is adjacent to the lower cover; the material of the battery core separator has a critical temperature; and
the fire extinguishing material is filled and sealed in the first accommodating part and the second accommodating part;
when the first battery core is ignited and burns and the temperature of flame exceeds the critical temperature, the first accommodating part and/or the second accommodating part are deformed and damaged to release the fire extinguishing material so as to stop burning of the first battery core and further protect the second battery core;
the protective structure also comprises a first film layer and a second film layer, the first battery core and the second battery core are respectively provided with a cylindrical surface, and the projections of the first accommodating part and the second accommodating part in the axial direction of the battery core shaft are triangular; the first accommodating part comprises a plurality of first sub-accommodating parts which are sequentially arranged between the first battery cell and the second battery cell along the axial direction of the battery cell and are separated from each other by a first partition plate; the second accommodating portion includes a plurality of second sub-accommodating portions, and the plurality of second sub-accommodating portions are sequentially arranged between the first battery cell and the second battery cell along the axial direction of the battery cell and are separated from each other by a second partition.
2. The protection structure of claim 1, wherein opposite sides of the battery core separator have a first battery core cylindrical surface cladding structure and a second battery core cylindrical surface cladding structure, respectively, the first battery core cylindrical surface cladding structure and the second battery core cylindrical surface cladding structure are separated between the first battery core and the second battery core, wherein the first accommodating portion is located in a triangular space defined by the first battery core cylindrical surface cladding structure, the second battery core cylindrical surface cladding structure and the upper cover, and the second accommodating portion is located in a triangular space defined by the first battery core cylindrical surface cladding structure, the second battery core cylindrical surface cladding structure and the lower cover.
3. The protective structure of claim 1, wherein the first and second layers cover the fire extinguishing material in the first and second receptacles, respectively.
4. The protective structure of claim 3, wherein the direction in which the first film covers the first accommodating portion and the direction in which the second film covers the second accommodating portion are perpendicular to the axial extension direction of the first battery cell and the second battery cell.
5. The protective structure of claim 1 wherein the fire extinguishing material reacts thermally to form a barrier gas to isolate oxygen from the air.
6. The protective structure of claim 5, wherein the barrier gas comprises at least one of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, ammonia, and water vapor.
7. The protective structure according to claim 1, wherein the weight percentage of diammonium hydrogen phosphate in the fire extinguishing material is between 8% and 14%.
8. Protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the percentage by weight of potassium carbonate in the fire-extinguishing material is between 25% and 35%.
9. The protective structure of claim 1 wherein the weight percentage of sodium bicarbonate in the fire extinguishing material is between 4% and 8%.
10. The protective structure of claim 1, wherein the weight percentage of sodium tungstate in the fire extinguishing material is between 2% and 6%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810318642.4A CN108767146B (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2018-04-11 | Protective structure with fire extinguishing function for inhibiting thermal runaway of battery core |
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| CN201810318642.4A CN108767146B (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2018-04-11 | Protective structure with fire extinguishing function for inhibiting thermal runaway of battery core |
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| CN108767146B true CN108767146B (en) | 2021-08-06 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023180989A1 (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-09-28 | Tyco Fire Products Lp | Firefighting agent stored in batteries |
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| CN106848141A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-06-13 | 华霆（合肥）动力技术有限公司 | Heat abstractor and supply unit |
| CN206558651U (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-10-13 | 华霆（合肥）动力技术有限公司 | Radiate fire-retarding device and battery modules |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2023180989A1 (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-09-28 | Tyco Fire Products Lp | Firefighting agent stored in batteries |
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