CN108767035A - 一种碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108767035A
CN108767035A CN201810551755.9A CN201810551755A CN108767035A CN 108767035 A CN108767035 A CN 108767035A CN 201810551755 A CN201810551755 A CN 201810551755A CN 108767035 A CN108767035 A CN 108767035A
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layer
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刘向
武素梅
周丽梅
梁瑶
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Dalian Jiaotong University
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Abstract

本发明提供一种碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板及其制备方法，其特征在于：从下往上结构依次为：碳纤维板、玻璃纤维薄板、聚氨酯发泡填充层、硅太阳能电池片和透明面板层。本发明还公开了该碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板的制备方法。本发明以碳纤维/玻璃纤维多层基板代替传统的金属合金基板，有效降低了太阳能电池板的整体重量，同时增强了电池板的韧性和抗冲击性，在运输、安装和调试以及更换等方面都减少了工作量，此结构的太阳能电池板在未来轻量化光伏领域方面具有广泛的应用前景。

Description

一种碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池板领域，尤其涉及一种碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，太阳能电池板已经广泛应用在照明、无人机和航天等多个领域。最常用的太阳能电池片的材料为硅材料，电池板的基板多采用铝合金结构，面板则采用钢化玻璃或者有机玻璃，上述结构存在着重量较重和易碎等缺点。
在碳纤维基太阳能电池板的方面，Z.Chen等人的发明专利(公开号为CN105810776)“一种碳纤维太阳能板的制备方法及其碳纤维太阳能板”中公开了一种有效的碳纤维太阳能板的制备方法，涉及到了碳纤维单一的基板结构，此种结构会在绝缘性及电池片抗冲击性方面存在一定的问题。
因此，有必要研发一种新的太阳能电池板结构用于解决上述问题。
发明内容
根据上述提出的技术问题，而提供一种碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板及其制备方法。本发明主要利用碳纤维/玻璃纤维多层复合材料基底的结构，在碳纤维单层的结构基础上加上玻璃纤维层和聚氨酯发泡材料层，从而有效地降低了太阳能电池板的重量，达到安全性好，抗冲击好，可设计性高等效果。
本发明采用的技术手段如下：
一种碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板，其特征在于，自下而上依次包括：
碳纤维板，是由预设碳纤维K数的碳纤维预浸料经固化后构成的基底层；
玻璃纤维薄板，设置在所述碳纤维板上，由玻璃纤维根据预设的铺设厚度通过涂覆环氧树脂和固化剂后形成的；
聚氨酯发泡填充层，用于固连所述玻璃纤维薄板与硅太阳能电池片；
硅太阳能电池片，与导线连接一同埋入所述聚氨酯发泡填充层内部；
透明面板层，通过环氧树脂与所述聚氨酯发泡填充层固连；
上述结构依次固定后，四周通过环氧树脂密封固定。
进一步地，所述硅太阳能电池片包括单晶硅、多晶硅、非晶硅中的一种或一种以上。
进一步地，所述碳纤维板的厚度在1.5-2.0mm之间。
进一步地，所述玻璃纤维薄板的厚度在0.5-1.0mm之间。
进一步地，所述透明面板层的材料为PET(聚对苯二甲酸类)塑料。
本发明还公开了一种上述的碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
S1、选择铝合金材料作为部件的模具材料；将铝合金模具内涂抹一层脱模剂，将准备好碳纤维预浸料剪切到预设的大小，根据预设的厚度铺到模具内部；
S2、加热碳纤维预浸料进行固化得到碳纤维板；
S3、在制得的碳纤维板上涂覆环氧树脂和固化剂，然后将玻璃纤维根据铺设厚度铺到碳纤维板上，等待环氧树脂固化；
S4、待环氧树脂固化后得到玻璃纤维薄板，在玻璃纤维薄板上涂覆一层聚氨酯发泡材料，然后将若干个预设尺寸的硅太阳能电池片按照规律排列并放置到发泡材料上，同时将硅太阳能电池片之间的连接导线埋入发泡材料内部；
S5、待聚氨酯发泡材料固化后，在其上涂抹一层环氧树脂和固化剂，将透明面板放在上面，透明面板与聚氨酯发泡材料之间通过环氧树脂牢固粘接；
S6、最后在碳纤维板和玻璃纤维薄板以及透明面板的四周涂上一层环氧树脂胶进行密封和固定，得到碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板。
进一步地，所述步骤S1中的碳纤维预浸料的K数选取3K，铝合金模具熔点大于等于600℃。碳纤维K数是指碳纤维丝束中单丝数量，1K＝1000(根)、3K＝3000(根)。
进一步地，所述步骤S2中的固化温度为90-110℃，固化时间为2-3小时。
进一步地，所述步骤S3中的玻璃纤维为连续型双向编织纤维。
进一步地，所述步骤S4中硅太阳能电池片的尺寸规格为5.2*3.8cm和15.6*15.6cm两种。
较现有技术相比，本发明以碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层复合板代替传统的金属合金基板，有效地降低了太阳能电池板的重量，同时增强了电池板的韧性和抗冲击的能力，在运输、安装和调试以及更换等方面都降低了工作量。
本发明采用碳纤维/玻璃纤维多层复合材料为基底的结构，此结构在碳纤维单层的结构基础上加上玻璃纤维层和聚氨酯发泡材料层，对比单层结构而言，多层结构的绝缘性能有明显的提高，硅太阳能电池片的抗冲击性能得到了改善，同时太阳能电池板的整体成本有明显降低。
本发明多层结构的碳纤维玻璃纤维基太阳能电池板可以长时间应用在腐蚀性的环境和恶劣的露天，潮湿的环境，具有安全性好，抗冲击好，可设计性高等优点，同时具有优良的电绝缘性。
基于上述理由本发明可在未来轻量化光伏领域方面广泛推广。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做以简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板的结构示意图。
图中：1、碳纤维板；2、玻璃纤维薄板；3、聚氨酯发泡填充层；4、硅太阳能电池片；5、透明面板层。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示，一种碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板，自下而上依次包括：
碳纤维板1，是由预设碳纤维K数的碳纤维预浸料经固化后构成的基底层；所述碳纤维板1的厚度在1.5-2.0mm之间。
玻璃纤维薄板2，设置在所述碳纤维板1上，由玻璃纤维根据预设的铺设厚度通过涂覆环氧树脂和固化剂后形成的；所述玻璃纤维薄板2的厚度在0.5-1.0mm之间。
聚氨酯发泡填充层3，用于固连所述玻璃纤维薄板2与硅太阳能电池片4；
硅太阳能电池片4，与导线连接一同埋入所述聚氨酯发泡填充层3内部；所述硅太阳能电池片包括单晶硅、多晶硅、非晶硅中的一种或一种以上。
透明面板层5，通过环氧树脂与所述聚氨酯发泡填充层3固连；所述透明面板层5的材料为PET塑料。
上述结构依次固定后，四周通过环氧树脂密封固定。
实施例1
本发明还公开了上述的碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、选择铝合金材料作为部件的模具材料；将铝合金模具内涂抹一层蜡状固体脱模剂，将准备好碳纤维预浸料剪切为60cm*40cm的大小，根据预设的厚度铺到模具内部，并将模具压合；碳纤维预浸料的K数选取3K，铝合金模具熔点大于等于600℃。
S2、加热碳纤维预浸料到100℃，然后保持该温度3小时进行固化得到碳纤维板1；
S3、在制得的碳纤维板1上涂覆环氧树脂和固化剂，然后将玻璃纤维根据铺设厚度铺到碳纤维板1上，等待环氧树脂固化；玻璃纤维为连续型双向编织纤维。
S4、待环氧树脂固化后得到玻璃纤维薄板2，在玻璃纤维薄板上涂覆一层聚氨酯发泡材料，然后将若干个尺寸规格为5.2*3.8cm的硅太阳能电池片按照规律排列并放置到发泡材料上，同时将硅太阳能电池片之间的连接导线埋入发泡材料内部；
S5、待聚氨酯发泡材料固化后，在其上涂抹一层环氧树脂和固化剂，将透明面板(PET塑料)放在环氧树脂的上面，透明面板与聚氨酯发泡材料之间通过环氧树脂牢固粘接；
S6、最后在碳纤维板和玻璃纤维薄板以及透明面板的四周涂上一层环氧树脂胶进行密封和固定，得到碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板，其特征在于，自下而上依次包括：
碳纤维板，是由预设碳纤维K数的碳纤维预浸料经固化后构成的基底层；
玻璃纤维薄板，设置在所述碳纤维板上，由玻璃纤维根据预设的铺设厚度通过涂覆环氧树脂和固化剂后形成的；
聚氨酯发泡填充层，用于固连所述玻璃纤维薄板与硅太阳能电池片；
硅太阳能电池片，与导线连接一同埋入所述聚氨酯发泡填充层内部；
透明面板层，通过环氧树脂与所述聚氨酯发泡填充层固连；
上述结构依次固定后，四周通过环氧树脂密封固定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述硅太阳能电池片包括单晶硅、多晶硅、非晶硅中的一种或一种以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述碳纤维板的厚度在1.5-2.0mm之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述玻璃纤维薄板的厚度在0.5-1.0mm之间。
5.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述透明面板层的材料为PET塑料。
6.一种如权利要求1-5任意一项权利要求所述的碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
S1、选择铝合金材料作为部件的模具材料；将铝合金模具内涂抹一层脱模剂，将准备好碳纤维预浸料剪切到预设的大小，根据预设的厚度铺到模具内部；
S2、加热碳纤维预浸料进行固化得到碳纤维板；
S3、在制得的碳纤维板上涂覆环氧树脂和固化剂，然后将玻璃纤维根据铺设厚度铺到碳纤维板上，等待环氧树脂固化；
S4、待环氧树脂固化后得到玻璃纤维薄板，在玻璃纤维薄板上涂覆一层聚氨酯发泡材料，然后将若干个预设尺寸的硅太阳能电池片按照规律排列并放置到发泡材料上，同时将硅太阳能电池片之间的连接导线埋入发泡材料内部；
S5、待聚氨酯发泡材料固化后，在其上涂抹一层环氧树脂和固化剂，将透明面板放在上面，透明面板与聚氨酯发泡材料之间通过环氧树脂牢固粘接；
S6、最后在碳纤维板和玻璃纤维薄板以及透明面板的四周涂上一层环氧树脂胶进行密封和固定，得到碳纤维/玻璃纤维基多层太阳能电池板。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中的碳纤维预浸料的K数选取3K，铝合金模具熔点大于等于600℃。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中的固化温度为90-110℃，固化时间为2-3小时。
9.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3中的玻璃纤维为连续型双向编织纤维。
10.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S4中硅太阳能电池片的尺寸规格为5.2*3.8cm和15.6*15.6cm两种。
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