CN108763836A - Cylindricality projectile impact down space fragment protective structure ballistic limit equations acquisition methods - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cylindricality projectile impact down space fragment protective structure ballistic limit equations acquisition methods, it including equivalence principle conversion, simulation calculation, determines speed waypoint, define form factor, form factor equation model, obtain cylindricality projectile's path Limiting Equations, the equation by the way that form factor equation to be brought into simulation calculation respectively obtains the ballistic limit equations that can characterize different draw ratio cylindricality projectile impact effects.The cylindricality projectile's path Limiting Equations obtained through the invention need to only be tested and be calibrated, corrected on a small quantity, so that it may provide reference for engineering design, have apparent practical value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to protection of space debris technical fields, specifically, the present invention relates under a kind of cylindricality projectile impact
Space debris prevention structure ballistic limit equations acquisition methods.
Background technology
Space debris prevention structure in practical applications, should carry out shock risk assessment first, so that it is determined that protection knot
Whether structure meets requirement of shelter, should ensure that safety avoids " surdimensionnement " again, increase the unnecessary quality of spacecraft and at
This.Ballistic limit is then the important form of current evaluation protective structure approach, for describing safeguard structure in impact from space debris
It is in the state of borderline failure down, common form of Definition includes between the diameter and stroke speed, the thickness of plate, protection of bullet
Away from bulkhead intensity etc., the relational expression between relevant parameter is ballistic limit equations, is by the curve that relational expression is drawn
Ballistic limit curve.
The corresponding ballistic limit characteristic of current spatial fragment protective structure is mostly to pass through cannonball bump test
It obtains.And real space chip shape can be arbitrary, and spherical fragment quantity is few, it is inherently under-represented.Greatly
Quantity research shows that aspheric bullet has stronger lesion capability than the cannonball of phase homogenous quantities under the conditions of identical shock,
Which results in the influence that the ballistic limit equations applied in current spatial fragment risk assessment do not consider bullet form effect,
It can not accurately predict, assess safeguard structure hypervelocity impact damage feature, making spacecraft shield structure design, there are unknown wind
Danger.At the same time, limited by traditional light-gas gun system emissivities, cannonball emission rate be extremely difficult to 8km/s with
On.In order to obtain the ballistic limit data of 8km/s or more speed down space fragment protective structures by experiment, it can only be utilized
His novel ultra-high-speed lift-off technology, corresponding bullet shape is the non-spherical such as film flying, cylinder.This is just needed through form effect point
The corresponding trajectory pole limit of different draw ratio column bullets is equivalent to spherical corresponding ballistic limit, realizes and tied to protection by analysis
The evaluation of structure barrier propterty, to obtain more accurate ballistic limit equations in 8km/s or more velocity shootings.
Invention content
In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind can describing different draw ratio cylindricality bullets
The ballistic limit equation and its acquisition methods of impact damage characteristic.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
Cylindricality projectile impact down space fragment protective structure ballistic limit equations acquisition methods, include the following steps：
(7) equivalence principle converts
Using quality equivalence principle, uniformly converts different draw ratio cylindricality bullets to equal quality spherical shape, corresponded to
Equivalent cannonball diameter, transforming relationship is as follows：
dc=(6M/ π ρp)1/3
M is cylindricality bullet quality, ρ in formulapFor cylindricality bullet density of material, dcIt is that equivalent rear corresponding cannonball is straight
Diameter；
(8) simulation calculation
Based on hydrodynamic simulation system, protective structure material selects appropriate state equation, constitutive model, corresponding
State equation is Tillotson equations, and constitutive model is Johnson-Cook models, safeguard structure geometric parameter and experiment work
Condition is identical, carries out simulation calculation on the basis of simulation model validation verification, and wall generation layer is split after hitting rear defence protection structure
Or perforation is used as failure criteria, corresponding bullet quality is known as critical bullet quality at this time, and corresponding bullet diameter is referred to as equivalent
Critical bullet diameter；
(9) speed waypoint is determined
Based on the equivalent critical bullet diameter of cylindricality bullet with the variation tendency of stroke speed, determine that cylindricality bullet difference is grown
Corresponding speed waypoint under diameter ratio；
(10) form factor is defined
Classical ballistic limit equations are divided into three regions according to the difference of speed, respectively trajectory area, fracture area fusing/vapour
Change area, wherein trajectory area, fusing/vaporizing zone equation is all based on the penetration equation that solids are established；Wherein in trajectory area side
The form factor K (f) based on dimensionless draw ratio f is introduced in journey, fusing/vaporizing zone equation：
D in formulac=(6Mcy/πρp)1/3To utilize quality equivalence principle, it converts aspherical bullet to homogenous quantities Spherical Projectiles
The corresponding diameter of ball；ρpFor bullet density (g/cm3)；ρbFor protecting screen density (g/cm3)；twFor rear plate thickness (cm)；S is anti-
Protect spacing (cm)；v0For projectile impact speed (km/s)；θ is stroke speed and target plate normal direction angle (°)；σ bends for back plate
Take intensity (ksi)；Equivalent critical bullet diameter, safeguard structure parameter, stroke speed and the different major diameters that emulation is obtained
Corresponding speed waypoint brings equation 1 into than under, obtains the form factor K under the conditions of corresponding speed；
(11) form factor equation model
Either trajectory area or fusing/vaporizing zone, cylindricality bullet form factor change obviously with draw ratio, and same
Form factor changes little with stroke speed under draw ratio, it is thus regarded that cylindricality bullet form factor is only related to draw ratio, with
Shock degree degree is unrelated, is fitted to trajectory area, fusing/vaporizing zone form factor, obtains and the relevant shape systems of draw ratio f
Number equation；
(12) cylindricality projectile's path Limiting Equations are obtained
By form factor equation K1(f)、K2(f) different draw ratio cylindricality bullets can be characterized by bringing equation (1) acquisition into respectively
The ballistic limit equations of knock-on effect.
Wherein, quality equivalence principle can analyze different shape to anti-under the premise of ensureing that projectile impact kinetic energy is consistent
The Penetration Ability of protection structure.
Further, corresponding ballistic limit is established based on equivalent cannonball diameter, realize aspherical cylindricality bullet with
The comparativity of cannonball Penetration Ability.
Wherein, in simulation calculation, for the corresponding critical penetration of different draw ratio cylindricality bullets under the different stroke speeds of determination
Quality, will be equivalent after cannonball diameter as variable, diameter change step-length is 0.2mm, fixed stroke speed, variation etc.
Bullet diameter is imitated, will fail between safeguard structure and average bullet diameter between not failing is as equivalent critical bullet diameter,
To obtain the corresponding equivalent critical bullet diameter of friction speed down space fragment protective structure.
Wherein, it is 100mm that safeguard structure, which selects Whipple safeguard structures, protection spacing, and protecting screen selects aluminium sheet.
Wherein, cylindricality bullet material is LY-12 aluminium, and draw ratio is respectively 0.5,1,2.
Wherein, the average bullet diameter between failing and do not fail between safeguard structure is straight as equivalent critical bullet
Diameter.
The cylindricality projectile impact down space fragment protective structure ballistic limit equations acquisition methods of the present invention, pass through quality
The corresponding ballistic limit of cylindricality bullet is equivalent to spherical corresponding ballistic limit, in conjunction with the definition of form factor by equivalence principle
And the fitting of form factor equation, the ballistic limit equations that can characterize different draw ratio cylindricality projectile impact effects are obtained, are realized
Evaluation to cylindricality projectile impact down space fragment protective structural shielding performance.
The cylindricality projectile's path Limiting Equations obtained through the invention need to only be tested and be calibrated, corrected on a small quantity, so that it may
Reference is provided for engineering design, there is apparent practical value.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is equivalent critical bullet diameter in the embodiment of the present invention with the variation tendency of stroke speed；
Fig. 2 is the trajectory area form factor curve being fitted in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the fusing/vaporizing zone form factor curve being fitted in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the three kinds of draw ratio cylindricality projectile's path limit curves obtained in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.But the embodiment must not be construed to this hair
The limitation of bright protection domain, equivalent method is within protection scope of the present invention with this.
We selected typical Whipple safeguard structures, protection spacing are 100mm, and protecting screen selects the 2A12 aluminium sheets of 1.5mm thickness,
Back plate uses thickness for the 5A06 aluminium sheets of 2.5mm.Cylindricality bullet material is 12 aluminium of LY-, and draw ratio is respectively 0.5,1,2, is hit
It is normal impact to hit mode.Based on equivalence principle, cylindricality aluminium bullet and spherical equivalent relation are as shown in table 1.
The different draw ratio cylindricality aluminium bullets of table 1 and cannonball equivalent relation
The SPH algorithms for the hypervelocity impact problem for being suitable for calculating space junk are selected to establish Simulation Calculation.Due to
Aluminium fusing point and gas point are relatively low, and in hypervelocity impact, fusing even vaporization phenomenon can occur for aluminium alloy, and selection can describe this kind of
The Tillotson equations of state of large deformation and multi phase state coexistence problems under high pressure, constitutive model select Johnson-Cook moulds
Type.
Critical bullet diameter is typically in the range of between safeguard structure failure bullet diameter corresponding with when not failing.It is same to hit
It hits under speed, changes equivalent bullet diameter, change step 0.2mm will be between safeguard structure fails and do not fail
Average bullet diameter as equivalent critical bullet diameter.Three kinds of draw ratio cylindricality bullets 2-It is corresponding etc. under 11km/s speed
It is as shown in table 2 to imitate critical bullet diameter.Corresponding equivalent critical bullet diameter is as shown in Figure 1 with the variation tendency of stroke speed.
The equivalent critical bullet diameter of cylindricality bullet under 2 friction speed of table
It can determine whether the speed waypoint V of ballistic limit under three kinds of draw ratios by Fig. 1LWith VH.When cylindricality bullet draw ratio is
When 0.5, trajectory area and fracture area speed waypoint VL=3km/s, fracture area are V with fusing/vaporizing zone speed waypointH=
6.5km/s；When cylindricality bullet draw ratio is 1, trajectory area is V with fracture area speed waypointL=3km/s, fracture area with it is molten
Change/vaporizing zone speed waypoint is VH=7km/s；When cylindricality bullet draw ratio is 2, trajectory area is segmented with fracture area speed
Point and fracture area are greatly improved with fusing/vaporizing zone speed waypoint, respectively VL=6km/s and VH=10km/s.
Corresponding speed waypoint under equivalent critical bullet diameter, safeguard structure parameter and different draw ratios is brought into
Equation 1 can obtain the form factor K under respective conditions.Table 3 is trajectory phase form factor, and table 4 is fusing/vaporization section shape
Coefficient.
3 trajectory phase form factor of table
4 fusings of table/vaporization section form factor
It can see by table 3-4, either trajectory area or fusing/vaporizing zone, cylindricality bullet form factor is with draw ratio
Variation is apparent, and there is no too big variations for form factor under same draw ratio.
Using polynomial fitting method, trajectory area, fusing/vaporizing zone form factor are fitted respectively, matched curve
As Figure 2-3, it can obtain：
Trajectory phase form factor equation is：
K1(f)=2.129-0.034f-0.159f2 (2)
Fusing/vaporization section form factor equation is：
K2(f)=0.613+1.537f-0.714f2 (3)
By form factor equation K1(f)、K2(f) different draw ratio cylindricalitys can be characterized by bringing equation (1) into respectively and can be obtained
The ballistic limit equations of projectile impact effect：
Work as V0cosθ≤VLWhen：
Work as V0cosθ≥VHWhen：
Work as VLcosθ<VHWhen, linear interpolation is carried out to equation (4) (5), can must correspond to fracture area equation：
The corresponding ballistic limit curve of three kinds of draw ratio cylindricality bullets is as shown in Figure 4.
Although giving detailed description and explanation to the specific implementation mode of patent of the present invention above, it should be noted that
, we can the conception of patent according to the present invention various equivalent changes and modification are carried out to the above embodiment, produced
When the spirit that raw function is still covered without departing from specification and attached drawing, should all patent of the present invention protection domain it
It is interior.
Claims (7)
1. cylindricality projectile impact down space fragment protective structure ballistic limit equations acquisition methods, include the following steps：
(1) equivalence principle converts
Using quality equivalence principle, uniformly converts different draw ratio cylindricality bullets to equal quality spherical shape, obtain corresponding etc.
Cannonball diameter is imitated, transforming relationship is as follows：
dc=(6M/ π ρp)1/3
M is cylindricality bullet quality, ρ in formulapFor cylindricality bullet density of material, dcIt is equivalent rear corresponding cannonball diameter；
(2) simulation calculation
Based on hydrodynamic simulation system, protective structure material selects state equation, the constitutive model, corresponding states equation to be
Tillotson equations, constitutive model are Johnson-Cook models, and safeguard structure geometric parameter is identical as operating condition of test；Imitative
Carry out simulation calculation on the basis of true mode validation verification, wall generation layer splits or perforates as mistake after hitting rear defence protection structure
Criterion is imitated, corresponding bullet quality is known as critical bullet quality at this time, and corresponding bullet diameter is known as equivalent critical bullet diameter；
(3) speed waypoint is determined
Equivalent critical bullet diameter based on cylindricality bullet determines cylindricality bullet difference draw ratio with the variation tendency of stroke speed
Under corresponding speed waypoint；
(4) form factor is defined
Classical ballistic limit equations are divided into three regions according to the difference of speed, respectively trajectory area, fracture area, fusing/vaporizing zone,
Wherein trajectory area, fusing/vaporizing zone equation are all based on the penetration equation that solids are established；Wherein in trajectory area equation, molten
The form factor K (f) based on dimensionless draw ratio f is introduced in change/vaporizing zone equation：
D in formulac=(6Mcy/πρp)1/3To utilize quality equivalence principle, converts aspherical bullet to homogenous quantities cannonball and correspond to
Diameter；ρpFor bullet density (g/cm3)；ρbFor protecting screen density (g/cm3)；twFor rear plate thickness (cm)；S is protection spacing
(cm)；v0For projectile impact speed (km/s)；θ is stroke speed and target plate normal direction angle (°)；σ is back plate yield strength
(ksi)；It is corresponding under equivalent critical bullet diameter, safeguard structure parameter, stroke speed and different draw ratios that emulation is obtained
Speed waypoint bring equation (1) into, obtain the form factor K under the conditions of corresponding speed；
(5) form factor equation model
Either trajectory area or fusing/vaporizing zone, cylindricality bullet form factor changes obviously with draw ratio, and same draw ratio
Lower form factor changes less with stroke speed, it is thus regarded that cylindricality bullet form factor is only related to draw ratio, it is fast with hitting
It spends unrelated, trajectory area, fusing/vaporizing zone form factor is fitted, obtain and the relevant form factor equations of draw ratio f；
(6) cylindricality projectile's path Limiting Equations are obtained
By form factor equation K1(f)、K2(f) different draw ratio cylindricality projectile impact effects can be characterized by bringing equation (1) acquisition into respectively
The ballistic limit equations answered.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein quality equivalence principle can ensure the consistent premise of projectile impact kinetic energy
Penetration Ability of the lower analysis different shape to safeguard structure.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein establishing corresponding ballistic limit based on equivalent cannonball diameter, realize
The comparativity of aspherical cylindricality bullet and cannonball Penetration Ability.
4. the method for claim 1, wherein in simulation calculation, for different draw ratio columns under the different stroke speeds of determination
The corresponding critical penetration quality of shape bullet, will be equivalent after cannonball diameter as variable, diameter change step-length is 0.2mm,
Fixed stroke speed, changes equivalent bullet diameter, and the average bullet diameter between failing and do not fail between safeguard structure is made
For equivalent critical bullet diameter, to obtain the corresponding equivalent critical bullet diameter of friction speed down space fragment protective structure.
5. method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein safeguard structure selects Whipple safeguard structures, protects spacing
For 100mm, protecting screen selects aluminium sheet.
6. method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein cylindricality bullet material is LY-12 aluminium, and draw ratio is respectively
0.5、1、2。
7. method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein being averaged between failing and do not fail between safeguard structure
Bullet diameter is as equivalent critical bullet diameter.
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| CN110688727A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2020-01-14 | 南京模拟技术研究所 | Bulletproof steel plate service life simulation calculation method |
| CN111152941A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-05-15 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | High-performance material optimization method suitable for space debris protection structure |
| CN114297871A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-08 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院 | Bouncing track prediction model based on inclined collision of bullet target |
| CN114861508A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-08-05 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Method for calculating limit speed of metal flat plate ballistic structure of airplane body |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111152941B (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-12-21 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | High-performance material optimization method suitable for space debris protection structure |
| CN114297871A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-08 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院 | Bouncing track prediction model based on inclined collision of bullet target |
| CN114297871B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-11-22 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院 | Bouncing track prediction model based on inclined collision of bullet target |
| CN114861508A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-08-05 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Method for calculating limit speed of metal flat plate ballistic structure of airplane body |
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