CN108760655A - A kind of apple sense of taste profile information method for visualizing - Google Patents

A kind of apple sense of taste profile information method for visualizing Download PDF

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CN108760655A
CN108760655A CN201810435827.3A CN201810435827A CN108760655A CN 108760655 A CN108760655 A CN 108760655A CN 201810435827 A CN201810435827 A CN 201810435827A CN 108760655 A CN108760655 A CN 108760655A
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sense
taste
apple
sample
image
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CN108760655B (en
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刘晶晶
刘付龙
王晴晴
韩晓菊
门洪
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Northeast Electric Power University
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Northeast Dianli University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/12Circuits of general importance; Signal processing
    • G01N2201/129Using chemometrical methods

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of apple sense of taste profile information method for visualizing, include the following steps:S1, the acquisition based on electronic tongues apple sample sense of taste data;S2, acquisition and pretreatment based on hyperspectral technique apple sample data;The selection of S3, characteristic wave bands;The structure of S4, apple sense of taste Visualization Model;S5, after GS-SVM model foundations, pre- measured spectral values under 10 wave bands are inputted by point, the prediction of the sense of taste under each point spectral value output valve is found out and is denoted as K (i, j), it converts sense of taste value to corresponding actual color value, apple sense of taste information visualization is presented.The present invention is combined using advantage of the apple sample in EO-1 hyperion single-point difference with electronic tongues sense of taste Global Information detection technique, to realize the visualization of apple sense of taste profile information.

Description

A kind of apple sense of taste profile information method for visualizing
Technical field
The present invention relates to apple sense of taste analysis fields, and in particular to a kind of apple sense of taste profile information method for visualizing.
Background technology
China is apple production big country, and yield accounts for the 65% of apple total output.Apple is rich in minerals and Wei Sheng Element, it is soluble big, easily it is absorbed by the body, therefore have the title of " running water ", it is one of fruit that people often eat.The sense of taste of apple is believed For breath as one of an important factor for reflecting its quality, it affects selection when whether most consumers are bought, accurate, efficient Detection and characterize sense of taste information to breeding, plantation, storage of apple etc. have practical guided significance.Traditional Physico-chemical tests side Method can not reflect the sense of taste sensory information of apple, and due to the factors influence such as appraise person's psychology and ambient enviroment cause it is most common Artificial sense appraise result is not objective enough.Based on this, SA-402B types electronic tongues are as gustum intelligent bionic detecting system with it The advantages that objective, accurate, gradually replaces application of the traditional detection method in sense of taste message context.Inspection is sampled to apple sample It surveys, batch processed, realizes the detection of sample entirety sense of taste information, can not reflect various sense of taste information on sample space Distribution situation.
Invention content
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of apple sense of taste profile information method for visualizing.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution that the present invention takes is:
A kind of apple sense of taste profile information method for visualizing, includes the following steps:
S1, the acquisition based on electronic tongues apple sample sense of taste data
S11, choose same batch, the fruit shape of same place picking just, the apple of uniform in size, zero defect or pollutant, 90 excellent fruits are selected by national standard GB/T10651-2008;
S12, sample number into spectrum is placed on to 20 ± 2 DEG C of room temperature, relative humidity 55 ± 5% is stored 24 hours, and humiture is kept It is constant;
S13, each apple sample is cleaned, peels, squeeze the juice, supernatant liquor 40mL is filtered to take and is respectively placed in 2 pure surveys In measuring cup, the detection through electronic tongues obtains three kinds of 90 × 3 dimension pols, tart flavour, saline taste sense of taste numbers at 30 seconds in order of numbers successively According to;Before test starts, sensor first in positive and negative anodes cleaning solution cleans 90s, after 120s is cleaned in reference solution, Continue to clean 120s, sensor balance zero 30s in another reference solution;After reaching balance, detection is proceeded by, when test Between be 30s, every time measure after automatically into cleaning step;
S2, acquisition and pretreatment based on hyperspectral technique apple sample data
S21, high spectrum image is corrected using black and white scaling method by following formula, to eliminate the influence of noise:
In formula, RdDark image, RwThe diffusing reflection image of blank, RsThe original diffusing reflection spectrum image of apple sample, R- The spectrogram that diffuses after correction.
S22, vectorized process is carried out to the calibrated image of black and white, obtains iamge description curve, after drawing a circle to approve target image, Specific mask image interested is generated, sample image processing region is controlled;
S23, image cutting is carried out to the image after mask process, other light in addition to place interested of the SPECTRAL REGION after mask It is 0 to compose numerical value.
S24, pretreated 90 apple spectrum pictures are obtained, wherein since apple is spherical fruit, therefore with height One apple sample is divided into 4 faces when spectral selection instrument is irradiated sample, and takes number 1-5's respectively on each face 5 area-of-interests, each area-of-interest size are 300 pixels, and the spectrum for seeking 5 entire surfaces of each sample is equal Value finally obtains the apple data of 90 × 256 dimensions;
The selection of S3, characteristic wave bands
Sweet tea, acid, the corresponding sensitive band of salty 3 kinds of basic sense of taste are chosen respectively, are determined using the coefficient of variation best sensitive Then wave band quantity uses the method for grey relational grade (GRA) to determine between the sense of taste information of apple sample and spectrum picture Correlation degree;
The structure of S4, apple sense of taste Visualization Model
The concentration value of each sense of taste information discrete point, wherein hyperplane function, RBF kernel functions and recurrence are predicted using SVM Function formula (2), (3), (4) are as follows respectively:
K (x, x ')=exp (g Px-x ' P2) (2)
F (x)=w φ (x)+b (3)
In formula, the normal vector of w- hyperplane, φ (x)-nonlinear mapping functions, b- amount of bias, g- spread factors;
S5, sense of taste visualization are presented
After GS-SVM model foundations, the pre- measured spectral values under 10 wave bands are inputted by point, find out each point spectral value Under the sense of taste prediction output valve be denoted as K (i, j), convert sense of taste value to corresponding actual color value, can by apple sense of taste information It is presented depending on changing.
Preferably, the Gray Correlation specifically comprises the following steps:First, multiple dimension data are converted to unification Dimensionless Form, it is a sense of taste information ordered series of numbers to define reference sequence, and it is the spectrum letter under each wave bands of 380-1038nm to compare ordered series of numbers Ordered series of numbers is ceased to carry out dimensionless processing, and the difference of the sense of taste and spectral information dimension is eliminated with this;Then, each single sense of taste letter is sought Cease the grey incidence coefficient of ordered series of numbers and the spectral information ordered series of numbers under all band;Finally, the grey relational grade of each wave band is sought.
Preferably, the step S4 based on genetic algorithm (GA) and grid type search for the method for (GS) come to parameter c and g into Row optimizing, in genetic algorithm, maximum genetic algebra is 100, and initial population number is 20, and the search range of parameter c is 0 to arrive 100, g be 0 to 100;In grid type searching method, parameter optimization is carried out for interval with 0.5, the search range of parameter c and g are 2-10To 210
Preferably, in the step S4 during establishing model, when carrying out spectroscopic data and sense of taste information MAP, Spectral value under each wave band carry out again after mean value is sought the foundation of model;Wherein utilize Kennard-Stone methods 2/3 spectroscopic data sample is selected as training set, 1/3 spectroscopic data is selected as forecast set, is realized based on GS-SVM and GA-SVM Spectrum-sense of taste information visuallization analysis.
The present invention utilizes the advantage and electronic tongues sense of taste Global Information detection technique in apple sample EO-1 hyperion single-point difference It is combined, to realize the visualization of apple sense of taste profile information, to provide one kind more for the analysis of the apple sense of taste Accurate analysis method.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the spectrum picture in the embodiment of the present invention describes curve.
Fig. 2 is the vector mask image in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the area-of-interest curve of spectrum in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the coefficient of variation change curve in the embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 5 is the parameter optimization process schematic in the embodiment of the present invention;
Wherein, (a) is genetic algorithm parameter searching process;(b) it is grid type search parameter searching process.
Fig. 6 is the sense of taste visualization result figure based on GS-SVM in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention be more clearly understood, the present invention is carried out with reference to embodiments further It is described in detail.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to limit this hair It is bright.
Embodiment
The present embodiment choose same batch, the fruit shape of same place picking just, uniform in size, zero defect or pollutant Ah Gram threose heart apple is research object, and excellent fruit 90 is selected by national standard GB/T10651-2008;Include the following steps:
S1, the acquisition based on electronic tongues apple sample sense of taste data
Sample number into spectrum is placed on 20 DEG C of room temperature (± 2 DEG C), relative humidity 55% (± 5%) is stored 24 hours, and temperature is kept Humidity is basically unchanged.In order of numbers measure 90 samples successively, and each apple sample is cleaned, is peeled, is squeezed the juice, is filtered to take Layer clear liquid 40mL is respectively placed in be measured in 2 pure measurement cups.Before test starts, sensor is first clear in positive and negative anodes cleaning solution Wash 90s, after 120s is cleaned in reference solution, continue in another reference solution clean 120s, sensor balance returns Zero 30s.After reaching balance, detection, testing time 30s, automatically into cleaning step after measuring every time are proceeded by.Through The detection of electronic tongues obtains 90 × 3 three kinds of sense of taste (pol, tart flavour, saline taste) data of dimension at 30 seconds.
S2, acquisition and pretreatment based on hyperspectral technique apple sample data
In high spectrum image gatherer process, because light source under each wave band the otherness of intensity distribution and camera dark current noise Influence, partial noise information can be mingled with.These noise informations can influence the quality of high spectrum image, and then influence high-spectrum As the precision and stability of qualitative or quantitative analysis model.Therefore high spectrum image is corrected using black and white scaling method, To eliminate the influence of noise, shown in formula (1).
In formula, RdDark image, RwThe diffusing reflection image of blank, RsThe original diffusing reflection spectrum image of apple sample, R- The spectrogram that diffuses after correction.
Vectorized process is carried out to the calibrated image of black and white, obtains iamge description curve as shown in Figure 1, draws a circle to approve target figure As after, specific mask image interested as shown in Figure 2 is generated, sample image processing region is controlled.Due to the image border of acquisition Including more spectral noise can increase later data intractability, therefore image cutting is carried out to the image after mask process, covered SPECTRAL REGION after film other spectra values in addition to place interested are 0.
Obtain pretreated 90 apple spectrum pictures.Wherein, since apple is spherical fruit, therefore with EO-1 hyperion One apple sample is divided into 4 faces when sorter is irradiated sample, and takes 5 of number 1-5 respectively on each face Area-of-interest (each area-of-interest size is about 300 pixels).The average light of 5 area-of-interests on each section Spectrum finally obtains the apple data of 90 × 256 dimensions as shown in figure 3, seek the spectrum average of 5 entire surfaces of each sample. The selection of S3, characteristic wave bands
Spectrum picture reacts the difference of apple internal quality, and electronic tongues are obtained by the functional group that apple sample middle reaches separate out Sense of taste information.Therefore correlation degree between the two is determined using the method for grey relational grade (GRA), chooses sweet tea, acid, salty respectively 3 kinds of corresponding sensitive bands of the basic sense of taste.Before carrying out grey correlation analysis, best sensitive wave is determined using the coefficient of variation Segment number.Comprehensive coefficient shows that more greatly the correlation between variable is lower, research with 2 for interval characteristic wave bands number to become The influence of different coefficient, shown as seen from Figure 4, characteristic wave bands number achieves the highest coefficient of variation at 10.It is wherein grey In color degree of association method, first, multiple dimension data are converted to unified Dimensionless Form, it is sense of taste information to define reference sequence Ordered series of numbers compares ordered series of numbers and carries out dimensionless processing for spectral information ordered series of numbers under each wave bands of 380-1038nm, the sense of taste is eliminated with this With the difference of spectral information dimension.Then, the ash of each single sense of taste information ordered series of numbers and the spectral information ordered series of numbers under all band is sought Color incidence coefficient.Finally, the grey relational grade of each wave band is sought.The results are shown in Table 1,10 associations before each single sense of taste information The higher characteristic wave bands of angle value.
10 characteristic wave bands before 1 each sense of taste of table
The structure of S4, apple sense of taste Visualization Model
Spectrum has discreteness with sense of taste information data, and local linear and non-linear relation are presented therebetween, and SVM Main thought is to establish a regression hyperplane as decision surface, and multidimensional data is mapped to higher dimensional space using kernel function, is made It is as linear as possible, to solve the local nonlinearity of initial data, finally make all data in set to hyperplane distance most Closely.Use SVM to predict the concentration value of each sense of taste information discrete point herein based on this, wherein hyperplane function, RBF kernel functions and Regression function formula (2), (3), (4) are as follows respectively.SVR modeling process results depend on parameter c and g, correct effective parameter Selection has good recurrence performance to support vector machines.Therefore, it is based on genetic algorithm (GA) and grid type search (GS) herein Method to carry out optimizing to parameter c and g, as shown in Figure 5.In genetic algorithm, maximum genetic algebra be 100, initial kind Group's number is 20, and it is 0 to 100 that the search range of parameter c, which is 0 to 100, g,.In grid type searching method, carried out for interval with 0.5 The search range of parameter optimization, parameter c and g is 2-10To 210.During establishing model, because experiment is detected as whole sample The sense of taste value of product, therefore when carrying out spectroscopic data and sense of taste information MAP, the spectral value under each wave band is subjected to mean value and is sought Carry out the foundation of model again afterwards.2/3 spectroscopic data sample is wherein selected as training set using Kennard-Stone methods, 1/3 A spectroscopic data is selected as forecast set, and spectrum-sense of taste information visuallization analysis is realized based on GS-SVM and GA-SVM.As a result such as table The parameter optimization process of 2 display GA-SVM, genetic algorithm is quickly under the conditions of it is 0.01667 to reach best fitness Mse Filtered out modeling optimized parameter c be 6.3859, g 83.0159, the parameter optimization process of GS-SVM, grid type search up to It is that 22.6274, g is to have filtered out modeling optimized parameter c under the conditions of being 0.0037346 to best fitness Mse 0.0019531, therefore the model for selecting GS-SVM to be sought as apple sense of taste value.
K (x, x ')=exp (g Px-x ' P2) (2)
F (x)=w φ (x)+b (3)
The normal vector of w- hyperplane in formula, φ (x)-nonlinear mapping functions, b- amount of bias, g- spread factors
The end value of table 2 c and g searching processes
S5, sense of taste visualization are presented
After GS-SVM model foundations, the pre- measured spectral values under 10 wave bands are inputted by point, find out each point spectral value Under the sense of taste prediction output valve be denoted as K (i, j), convert sense of taste value to corresponding actual color value, can by apple sense of taste information It is presented depending on changing, Fig. 6 is sweet taste, tart flavour, saline taste single-point sense of taste distribution map, and legend gradually thickens from navy blue to brick-red taste. As seen from the figure, for Acker threose heart apple mainly based on sweet taste, tart flavour, saline taste is very light, and sweet taste is most dense and distribution is most wide. Sweet taste is mainly distributed on equatorial line both sides, and central axes part is compared with sweet tea;The distributing position of tart flavour is similar to sweet taste;Saline taste be then Equator section more uniformly and is distributed more extensive.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, without departing from the principle of the present invention, it can also make several improvements and retouch, these improvements and modifications are also answered It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of apple sense of taste profile information method for visualizing, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
S1, the acquisition based on electronic tongues apple sample sense of taste data
S11, choose same batch, the fruit shape of same place picking just, the apple of uniform in size, zero defect or pollutant, by state Mark GB/T10651-2008 selects 90 excellent fruits;
S12, sample number into spectrum is placed on to 20 ± 2 DEG C of room temperature, relative humidity 55 ± 5% is stored 24 hours, keeps humiture constant;
S13, each apple sample is cleaned, peels, squeeze the juice, supernatant liquor 40mL is filtered to take and is respectively placed in 2 pure measurement cups In, the detection through electronic tongues obtains 90 × 3 dimension pol, tart flavours at 30 seconds, at three kinds of sense of taste data of taste in order of numbers successively;It surveys Before runin is begun, sensor first in positive and negative anodes cleaning solution cleans 90s, after 120s is cleaned in reference solution, another Continue to clean 120s, sensor balance zero 30s in kind reference solution;After reaching balance, detection is proceeded by, the testing time is 30s, automatically into cleaning step after measuring every time;
S2, acquisition and pretreatment based on hyperspectral technique apple sample data
S21, high spectrum image is corrected using black and white scaling method by following formula, to eliminate the influence of noise:
In formula, RdDark image, RwThe diffusing reflection image of blank, RSThe original diffusing reflection spectrum image of apple sample, R- corrections The spectrogram that diffuses afterwards.
S22, vectorized process is carried out to the calibrated image of black and white, obtains iamge description curve, after drawing a circle to approve target image, generated Specific mask image interested controls sample image processing region;
S23, image cutting is carried out to the image after mask process, other spectrum numbers in addition to place interested of the SPECTRAL REGION after mask Value is 0.
S24, pretreated 90 apple spectrum pictures are obtained, wherein since apple is spherical fruit, therefore with EO-1 hyperion One apple sample is divided into 4 faces when sorter is irradiated sample, and takes 5 of number 1-5 respectively on each face Area-of-interest, each area-of-interest size are 300 pixels, seek the spectrum average of 5 entire surfaces of each sample, most The apple data of 90 × 256 dimensions are obtained eventually;
The selection of S3, characteristic wave bands
Sweet tea, acid, the corresponding sensitive band of salty 3 kinds of basic sense of taste are chosen respectively, and best sensitive band is determined using the coefficient of variation Then quantity uses the method for grey relational grade (GRA) to determine being associated between the sense of taste information of apple sample and spectrum picture Degree;
The structure of S4, apple sense of taste Visualization Model
The concentration value of each sense of taste information discrete point, wherein hyperplane function, RBF kernel functions and regression function are predicted using SVM Formula (2), (3), (4) are as follows respectively:
K (x, x ')=exp (g Px-x ' P2) (2)
F (x)=ω φ (x)+b (3)
In formula, the normal vector of w- hyperplane, φ (x)-nonlinear mapping functions, b- amount of bias, g- spread factors;
S5, sense of taste visualization are presented
After GS-SVM model foundations, the pre- measured spectral values under 10 wave bands are inputted by point, are found out under each point spectral value Sense of taste prediction output valve is denoted as K (i, j), sense of taste value is converted to corresponding actual color value, by apple sense of taste information visualization It presents.
2. a kind of apple sense of taste profile information method for visualizing as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
The Gray Correlation specifically comprises the following steps:First, multiple dimension data are converted to unified Dimensionless Form, To define reference sequence be sense of taste information ordered series of numbers, compares ordered series of numbers and is carried out for the spectral information ordered series of numbers under each wave bands of 380-1038nm Dimensionless processing, the difference of the sense of taste and spectral information dimension is eliminated with this;Then, each single sense of taste information ordered series of numbers and all-wave are sought The grey incidence coefficient of spectral information ordered series of numbers under section;Finally, the grey relational grade of each wave band is sought.
3. a kind of apple sense of taste profile information method for visualizing as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S4 bases Come to carry out optimizing to parameter c and g in the method that genetic algorithm (GA) and grid type search for (GS), it is maximum in genetic algorithm Genetic algebra is 100, and initial population number is 20, and it is 0 to 100 that the search range of parameter c, which is 0 to 100, g,;In grid type searcher In method, parameter optimization is carried out for interval with 0.5, the search range of parameter c and g are 2-10To 210
4. a kind of apple sense of taste profile information method for visualizing as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S4 During establishing model, when carrying out spectroscopic data and sense of taste information MAP, the spectral value under each wave band is carried out equal Value carries out the foundation of model again after seeking;Wherein 2/3 spectroscopic data sample is selected as training using Kennard-Stone methods Collection, 1/3 spectroscopic data are selected as forecast set, and spectrum-sense of taste information visuallization analysis is realized based on GS-SVM and GA-SVM.
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