CN108755442B - Guide and positioning device for high-altitude installation of large steel member - Google Patents
Guide and positioning device for high-altitude installation of large steel member Download PDFInfo
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- CN108755442B CN108755442B CN201810953223.8A CN201810953223A CN108755442B CN 108755442 B CN108755442 B CN 108755442B CN 201810953223 A CN201810953223 A CN 201810953223A CN 108755442 B CN108755442 B CN 108755442B
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 34
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233805 Phoenix Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000725 T1 high speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011513 prestressed concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a guiding and positioning device for high-altitude installation of large steel members, which comprises an installation surface and steel members to be installed on the installation surface, wherein at least one group of guide plates are uniformly arranged on the installation surface, each guide plate comprises a guide surface, a positioning surface and a connecting surface, the guide surfaces are inclined surfaces with an inclination angle of 30-90 degrees, the heights of the tops of the guide surfaces from the installation surface are 50-100 mm, the guide surfaces of the same group of guide plates form a conical horn mouth or semi-conical horn mouth structure, and the guide surfaces of the same group of guide plates form at least one guide range larger than zero; the guide plate plays a role in positioning the steel member in two directions in a single plane of the mounting surface. The invention provides a guiding and positioning device for high-altitude installation of a large steel member, which adopts a guide plate provided with an inclined guide surface to guide and guide, and utilizes the gravity action of the member in the descending process to automatically induce the positioning surface of the installation member to enter a set limit groove so as to realize automatic alignment and positioning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bridge engineering, in particular to the field of installation of steel members at the top of cable-stayed bridges and suspension bridge cable towers, and particularly relates to a guiding and positioning device for high-altitude installation of large-sized steel members.
Background
Modern large-scale building engineering focuses on landscape effect while expanding functions and practicability, and often requires to become a local sign building after being built so as to form a local ornamental landscape and a local landscape. Compared with the construction of a reinforced concrete formwork, the steel structure is easier to manufacture into the special-shaped space geometry which is fused with natural elements. Therefore, the top end of the reinforced concrete building is provided with a variant shape of a steel structure, and the reinforced concrete building is increasingly applied. The large steel structural member is installed at high altitude, the hoisting operation is borne by a large hoisting machine, and guiding and accurate positioning are one of key technologies in the installation process.
The guiding and positioning method adopted in the prior art is as follows: traction guiding is performed by a guiding rope, and a positioning plate is used for limiting a positioning position. In the descending process of the component, an operator standing on the mounting platform assists in pushing the structural component to the position above the locating plate, and slowly descends to enable the component to enter the position of the locating plate. The specific method comprises the following steps:
three guide ropes are adopted to tie the protruding parts of the steel members, so that the steel members are firmly tied and the installation and positioning processes are not affected. Three guide ropes are arranged at intervals of 120 degrees around in an installation plane (a horizontal plane perpendicular to the gravity direction), and three span guide members descend to a designated position in the process that the members descend along the gravity direction: when three persons balance the force, the component descends along the gravity direction; when the position is required to be adjusted to one position, the traction force is slightly increased by a span worker, and 2 persons (or 1 person) release a certain length of rope matching members to shift, the rope is tightened after reaching a required position, and 3 persons balance the tension maintaining members to be stable and balanced. Three persons are closely matched to adjust the components to the upper part of the positioning plate and then slowly descend; when the proper height is reached, the operator on the mounting platform assists to align the positioning plate until the operator enters the limiting position of the positioning plate. The number and orientation of the guide rope arrangements are different depending on the size and shape of the components. For a rectangular component, four guide ropes are arranged at four corners, the stretching positions of the guide ropes pass through the gravity center of the component, and the four sides are symmetrical, so that the descending direction is easier to guide and the component is kept stable. The guide ropes can also be arranged in a straight-pull type, a crossed type or the like. Wherein the four-rope crossing type structure is easier to adjust the direction of the component and control the stability.
The locating plate is divided into two common modes according to the shape and the arrangement mode: the inverted splayed shape and the V-shaped groove shape are simple in structure.
The inverted splayed locating plate is composed of four identical rectangular steel plates, each steel plate is processed into a long side, and the processed sides of the two steel plates are tightly matched for use and serve as a reference surface for alignment during installation. After the steel member is pre-assembled and inspected in a factory, the processing edges of each group (two) of positioning plates are overlapped for a certain length along the horizontal parting line between the mounting joints and are staggered up and down, and are outwards inclined by 30-60 degrees, a group of positioning plates are symmetrically arranged on the other side of the central line of the vertical surface of the structural member, and four positioning plates are staggered up and down and symmetrically form two staggered inverted-eight shapes. Two upper sections are welded with the structural parts of the upper sections into a whole above the parting line, and two lower sections are welded with the lower sections into a whole below the parting line. Eight groups of positioning plates are arranged on the front, back, left and right vertical surfaces of the structural member, so that the transverse and longitudinal positions and the height positions of the horizontal mounting surface during high-altitude installation are limited, and the purpose of internode positioning is achieved. Because the processing edge of the formed inverted splayed positioning plate is 'big-end-up', when the upper section descends to the overlapping part of the positioning plate, the processing edge can guide the upper section to be accurately positioned.
The V-shaped groove type locating plate is also used by an upper block and a lower block. The upper block is shaped like an inverted convex steel plate, the lower block is shaped like a concave steel plate, and the protruding part and the recessed part are the same isosceles trapezoid. In order to ensure accurate positioning, necessary machining is carried out on the bevel edge, and close contact and seamless adhesion are ensured when the bevel edge is matched up and down for use, and other corresponding adjacent edges are kept with a certain gap so as not to influence positioning. The upper and lower locating plates are matched for use, the upper and lower blocks are welded with the corresponding components respectively on the parting lines of the upper and lower sections of the structural component to be installed, and the two groups are symmetrically arranged left and right along the central line of each vertical surface. Eight groups of positioning plates are arranged on the front, back, left and right vertical surfaces of the structural member, so that the transverse direction, the longitudinal direction and the height direction of the horizontal mounting surface during high-altitude installation are limited, and the aim of internode positioning is fulfilled.
From the above, it can be seen that the existing guiding and positioning method: the steel member to be installed is roughly guided and aligned by traction of a guide rope, the steel member to be installed is roughly adjusted to the upper surface of the positioning plate, the positioning plate at the bottom of the member is pushed and pulled into an inclined plane set by the positioning plate to be matched by manual assistance of an installer along with the gradual descending of the member, and the upper positioning plate and the lower positioning plate are matched along with the descending of the member, so that the upper member and the lower member are installed in place.
There are disadvantages: the installation operation platform is limited in area and forms a small included angle with the gravity direction when installed at high altitude, the pulling force required for pulling the large-scale component to shift is large, and the operation of the span worker has a large potential safety hazard; similarly, when the installer in the auxiliary position pushes and pulls the descending member into the positioning inclined plane set by the positioning plate, a great potential safety hazard exists. Because the operator needs to pay attention to the safety of the operator at any time, the operator can only work with one hand, and the other hand can tightly hold the railing to ensure the safety. Therefore, the working efficiency is lower, the working time is long, and a great potential safety hazard exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of lower working efficiency, long operation time and larger potential safety hazard existing in the method for roughly guiding and aligning by adopting the traction of a guide rope in the installation of the steel member at the top of the cable-stayed bridge and the suspension bridge cable-stayed tower, and provides the guiding and positioning device for high-altitude installation of the large steel member.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the device comprises a mounting surface and a steel member to be mounted on the mounting surface, wherein at least one group of guide plates are uniformly arranged on the mounting surface and play a role in guiding a fixed joint or a partition plate of the steel member into position; the guide plates comprise guide surfaces, positioning surfaces and connecting surfaces, wherein the positioning surfaces are used for positioning a fixed joint or a partition plate of a steel member to be installed above a mounting surface, the connecting surfaces are used for fixing, the guide surfaces are inclined surfaces with an inclination angle of 30-90 degrees, the height from the top of each guide surface to the mounting surface is 50-100 mm, the guide surfaces of the same group of guide plates form a conical horn mouth or semi-conical horn mouth structure, and the guide surfaces of the same group of guide plates form at least one guide range larger than zero; the guide plate plays a role in positioning the steel member in two directions in a single plane of the mounting surface.
The guide plate is a basic guide plate, the basic guide plate is of a right trapezoid structure, an inclined waist of the right trapezoid structure is a guide surface, the upper end of the upper bottom surface of the right trapezoid structure is a positioning surface, the lower end of the upper bottom surface of the right trapezoid structure is a connecting surface, a mounting surface perpendicular to the positioning surface is arranged between the positioning surface and the connecting surface, a welding groove is formed in the end portion of the positioning surface, which is connected with the connecting surface, of the connecting surface, and the connecting surface is welded with a steel member.
The guide plate is a vertical guide type guide plate, the guide plate is of a right trapezoid structure, the inclined waist is a guide surface, the upper bottom surface is a positioning surface, the straight waist is a connecting surface, the connecting surface is vertically fixed on the mounting surface, and the guide plate is used for vertical guide.
The guide plate is an inclined guide type guide plate, the guide plate is of an irregular polygonal structure, the lower end of the polygonal structure is a horizontal connecting surface, the connecting surface is arranged on a steel member, the positioning surface is arranged in an inclined mode, and the guide plate is used for inclined guide.
The installation face is provided with a group of basic guide plates for guiding the fixed joints of the steel member to be installed, the guide plates are fixedly arranged around the fixed joints of the steel member which are installed below the installation face, the guide faces of all the guide plates form conical horn mouths with large upper ends and small lower ends, and the fixed joints around the steel member are guided to realize hoisting and positioning of the steel member.
Two groups of guide plates for guiding two diaphragm plates and two longitudinal baffle plates in the steel member to be in place are arranged on the mounting surface, four diaphragm plate guide plates are arranged on the inner sides of the two diaphragm plates and are obliquely arranged, the four diaphragm plate guide plates adopt oblique guide type guide plates, the oblique angles of the guide surfaces of the two diaphragm plate guide plates on the same side are the same, the oblique angle of the guide surface of the diaphragm plate guide plate on one side is 90 degrees, and the guide surfaces of the four diaphragm plate guide plates form a conical horn mouth with a small upper end and a large lower end.
An arc transition surface is arranged between the guide surface with the inclination angle of 90 degrees and the positioning surface for transition.
The connecting surface of the vertical guide type guide plate is vertically welded on the base seat plate, the base seat plate is symmetrically arranged on the mounting surface, the guide surface forms a conical horn mouth on the mounting surface, the upper end of the conical horn mouth is small, the lower end of the conical horn mouth is large, and the steel member is lifted in place by guiding the inner partition plate in a single direction of the steel member.
The two steel members are respectively provided with matched positioning blocks, the positioning block on the upper steel member is provided with a bulge, the positioning block on the lower steel member is provided with a groove, and the bulge and the groove are in seamless close fit to longitudinally position the steel members.
The groove and the bulge are of V-shaped structures, the bulge of the V-shape is inserted into the groove of the V-shape to be in seamless adhesion, and the upper end of the groove is big and the lower end of the groove is small.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following positive effects: the guide and positioning device is provided with an inverted conical horn mouth above a mounting surface, the lower part of the guide and positioning device is connected with a mounted steel structure, and the upper part of the guide and positioning device extends out of a certain height to support a guide end surface larger than the end surface of a mounting body; the guide end face and the mounting face form a conical horn mouth; the steel member body to be installed only needs to enter the range of the guide end face, the installation member can descend under the condition that the installation surface is deviated, and automatic alignment and positioning are realized under the action of gravity and under the guidance of the inverted cone inclined plane.
According to different installation conditions, different types of guide plates, such as steel structural members guided by side walls or partition plates, are used for guiding and positioning through the basic guide plates; the bottom surface is connected with a fixed joint for vertical guiding and is connected with a vertical guiding type guide plate; the bottom surface is connected with a fixed joint and the inclined guide plate is connected with the inclined guide plate.
The guide plate only limits the transverse positioning of the mounting surface, and the vertical height of the steel structural member also needs to be limited by adopting a positioning plate. In the implementation process, the guide plate is usually matched with the positioning block, the guide plate is responsible for guiding the installation piece in a certain deviation range into the groove of the positioning block, and along with the continuous descending of the installation piece, the convex positioning groove and the concave positioning groove realize matched butt joint, so that the accurate positioning of the installation piece is achieved.
According to the guiding and positioning device, the guiding surface is arranged in the 90-degree direction of the positioning surface of the positioning block, the horn mouth is formed above the mounting surface, when the bottom surface of the steel member to be mounted is stabilized in the guiding range set by the horn mouth, the steel member can slowly descend, and the steel member can be automatically abutted with the positioning block under the guiding of the guiding surface to achieve close fit and accurate positioning. Compared with the traction of the guide rope in the prior art, the number of installation auxiliary personnel is reduced, the working efficiency is improved, the operation time is shortened, and the safety and reliability of high-altitude installation are improved. The guiding and positioning method is suitable for mounting the concrete base and the steel structural member; and (5) installing the large steel structure at high altitude after the large steel structure is manufactured in sections. According to the structural characteristics of the mounting piece, various deformations can be carried out, the structure is simple, the adaptability is strong, and the device is suitable for popularization and application in high-altitude installation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a basic guide plate of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an upper positioning block and a lower positioning block according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the installation of the guide plate and the lower positioning block of the steel member segment in the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic left-hand view of the installation of the guide plate and the lower positioning block of the steel member segment in the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a steel member segment guide plate and lower locating block installation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of an installation and butt joint of an upper steel member and a lower steel member according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic left-view structural diagram of an installation butt joint of an upper steel member and a lower steel member in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a vertical guide type guide plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view showing the installation of a foundation plate and a guide plate on a top mounting surface of concrete Duan Dashen in the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic side view of a foundation plate and guide plate mounted on a concrete Duan Dashen roof mounting surface in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic top view of a foundation plate and guide plate mounted on a roof mounting surface of a concrete Duan Dashen in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic perspective view of a steel member mounted on a concrete segment tower body in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of a base plate in a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a sectional view of a tower top structure in a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a lower transverse and longitudinal partition of a T1 segment according to a third embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 16 is a second schematic view of a lower transverse and longitudinal partition of a T1 segment according to a third embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 17 is a cross-sectional view of A-A of fig. 16.
Fig. 18 is a cross-sectional view of B-B of fig. 16.
Fig. 19 is a schematic perspective view of a guide plate mounted on a top mounting surface of a tower in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 20 is a schematic top view of a top mounting surface guide plate according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 21 is a schematic structural view of a guide plate of a section of a longitudinal partition of a T1 section of a tower top mounting surface in a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 22 is a schematic structural view of a guide plate of a section diaphragm of the top mounting surface T1 of the tower in the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 23 is a schematic view showing installation of a guide plate on a T1 segment in a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 24 is a schematic view of welding a guide plate, a fixed code plate, a T1 segment and a T2 segment in a third embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of an upper positioning block and a lower positioning block adopted in the installation of the T1 segment and the T2 segment in the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 26 is a schematic plan view of an upper guide plate and a lower positioning block of a T1 segment in a third embodiment of the present invention.
The drawing is marked as follows: 1. a guide plate; 2. a guide surface; 3. a positioning surface; 4. a connection surface; 5. a mounting surface; 6. a cross-weld slot; 7. a lower positioning plate; 8. an upper positioning plate; 9. v-shaped protrusions; 10. a V-shaped groove; 11. a fixed joint; 12. a base plate; 121. a base plate; 122. reinforcing steel bars; 13. concrete Duan Dashen; 14. a longitudinal partition; 15. a diaphragm; 16. fixing a code pressing plate; 17. an arc-shaped transition surface; 18. a left guide plate; 19. a right side guide plate.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
The guiding and positioning device for high-altitude installation of large steel members comprises a rectangular steel member with a lower end lifted in place and a rectangular steel member with an upper end to be installed in place (hereinafter referred to as a lower steel member and an upper steel member respectively), wherein fixing joints 11 are arranged around the upper steel member and the lower steel member, guide plates 1 are uniformly welded on the fixing joints around the installation surface of the lower steel member, each guide plate comprises an inclined guide surface 2, a positioning surface 3 for positioning the two steel members above the installation surface and a connecting surface 4 connected with the fixing joints, a conical horn mouth is formed above the installation surface 5 after all the guide plates are installed, and the upper end of the horn mouth is large and the lower end of the horn mouth is small. The guide plate comprises the following specific steps: a rectangular steel plate with proper thickness is cut off at a right angle to form a pentagonal steel plate with an oblique angle, and the included angle between the oblique edge and the long edge is set to be in the range of 30-90 degrees. The deflector of this embodiment is basic deflector, is right trapezoid structure, and right trapezoid structure's oblique waist is the guide surface, and right trapezoid structure's upper end is the locating surface, and the lower extreme is the junction surface, is the installation face of perpendicular to locating surface between locating surface and the junction surface, and the tip that the locating surface meets with the junction surface sets up strides welding groove 6, and the junction surface is welded fixedly with the steel member.
In order to ensure easy sliding and positioning during guiding, the bevel edge and the rest short edge are subjected to necessary machining, so that the smoothness and flatness of the working surface are ensured. Uniformly arranging the guide plates with uniform machining shape and size along the periphery of a mounting surface (horizontal plane) to ensure that the rest short sides of the guide plates are 50-100 mm higher than the mounting surface, ensuring that the heights of all the guide plates are consistent, and ensuring that all hypotenuses form a complete inverted cone surface; the remaining short sides below the mounting surface are vertically fixed with the side of the mounted structural member. The "cone flare" required above the mounting surface is completed so far.
The guide plate only limits the positioning of the installation surface horizontal plane (two directions in a single plane), and the vertical height (the longitudinal direction of the installation surface in the space) of the steel structural part also needs to be limited by adopting a positioning plate. The upper and lower steel members are provided with upper positioning blocks, the lower positioning block 7 of the lower steel member is provided with a V-shaped groove 10, and the upper positioning block 8 of the upper steel member is provided with a V-shaped bulge 9,V which is in seamless close fit with the V-shaped groove; when the upper steel member is hoisted downwards and guided to the installation surface step by step through the guide surface of the guide plate, the V-shaped bulge of the upper steel member is inserted into the V-shaped groove, the V-shaped bulge is in seamless cling to the V-shaped groove, and the positioning angle is generally 30-90 degrees.
The guide plates and the positioning blocks are arranged in a staggered mode, the number of the guide surfaces (namely the surfaces which need to be aligned during installation) of the guide plates is determined according to the size and the weight of the components, and the purposes of effective guide and safe bearing are achieved, wherein the number of the guide surfaces of the guide plates is not less than 2. The positioning blocks bear the weight of the mounting piece, and the connection of the upper positioning plate and the lower positioning plate bears the shear stress according to the calculation and the determination of the strength.
The installation time of the guiding and positioning device: after the large-sized steel structural member is manufactured in a factory in a sectional manner and is inspected and accepted by the whole preassembly, the large-sized steel structural member is subjected to disassembly and corrosion prevention treatment. All the steel structural parts are accepted and qualified, and adjustment is not needed. The guide plate is vertical to the mounting surface and the height of the guide plate is consistent through measuring lines and instrument measurement; the V-shaped grooves of the positioning blocks are consistent in direction, tightly cling to the seamless, and the height is controlled in a plane. Symmetrically arranged along the guide surface and the mounting surface of the steel member. After the installation is finished and the inspection is qualified, disassembly, corrosion prevention treatment and transportation of the construction site can be carried out.
Four installation assistance personnel stand on the platform mounted on the fixed joint, one person being responsible for one side that needs to be aligned. The steel member hoisted by the crane is stabilized at the position of 50-100 mm on the guide plate, whether the bottom surface of the mounting piece is overlapped in the guide range of the guide plate is checked, and the crane is commanded to adjust if necessary; after superposition, the crane can be commanded to slowly descend, and in the descending process, the hammer is adopted to strike the positions near the guide plate and the positioning block of the component, so that the clamping phenomenon can be effectively prevented until the component falls into the V-shaped groove.
The material and thickness of the guide plate and the positioning block are selected according to the intensity calculation, and are at least equal to or not lower than the material and thickness of the limiting plate surface.
Example two
The guiding and positioning device for high-altitude installation of large steel members is different from the first embodiment in that a rectangular steel member is installed on the top of the upper end of a concrete section tower body 13, the installation surface is a horizontal plane, the steel member to be installed comprises four fixing joints, two transverse partition plates and two longitudinal partition plates, and the transverse partition plates vertically intersect with the longitudinal partition plates. The embodiment adopts a vertical guide type guide plate which is of a right trapezoid structure, the inclined waist is a guide surface, the upper bottom surface is a positioning surface, the straight waist is a connecting surface, and the vertical guide is realized; the guide plate is assembled with the foundation base plate, the foundation base plate is formed by welding foundation plates and embedded bars, and the foundation plates are arranged on the mounting surface. When the top of the concrete section is poured, the alignment position of the foundation base plate and the concrete are poured at one time, and the foundation base plate is used as a foundation for installing the steel member. And after the concrete pouring is completed, re-measuring and scribing according to the measuring standard, and separating the mounting position of the guide plate according to the position and the size of the partition plate of the mounting piece by scribing, so that the guide plate and the base plate are welded into a whole. And (5) hoisting the steel member after the steel member is inspected to be qualified. Eight base plates are arranged on the mounting surface, a guide plate is vertically welded on each base plate, and the connecting surface of the guide plate is welded with the base plate. The four guide plates are used for guiding and positioning the two transverse partition plates, and the four guide surfaces form a conical horn mouth with a small upper end and a large lower end so as to guide the hoisting of the transverse partition plates to be in place; the other four guide plates are used for guiding and positioning the two longitudinal baffle plates, and the four guide surfaces also form a conical horn mouth with a small upper end and a large lower end for guiding the hoisting of the longitudinal baffle plates to be in place. The guide plates of the diaphragm and the longitudinal diaphragm respectively form two guide ranges (i.e., the diaphragm and the longitudinal diaphragm each form two guide ranges which can be offset left and right, as shown in fig. 10).
Because the concrete pouring has shrinkage deformation, the steel structure installation section still needs to be adjusted by manually adopting tools such as wedge plates, jacks, chain blocks and the like after being in place, after accurate positioning, the transverse and longitudinal partition plates of the guide plate and the steel member can be welded after the inspection of the detection instrument is qualified, the stiffening plate is arranged to firmly position the steel member on the foundation base plate, and the hoisting process is completed. And carrying out next process construction.
Example III
14-26, the guiding and positioning device is used for engineering of a man-made road bridge Gu Luhe bridge of a green-boy park in Zhengzhou, and the specific engineering overview is as follows:
the Zhengzhong Sao Lubo garden humane road span Gu Luhe bridge is a back-cable-free inclined tower cable-stayed bridge. The main tower is a prestressed concrete inclined tower, adopts C50 concrete, has the height from the bridge deck to the tower top of 71.6m, has the height from the tower top to the ground of 82m, is inclined by 60 degrees, has a steel member at the top, and adopts a shape of a phoenix head imitating the top end of a harp. The top steel structure was 11.6m high. The single steel member weighs about 106.3 tons and the two steel members weigh about 212.6 tons. The construction scheme of sectional manufacturing and site installation in factories is adopted.
The main consideration in segment division is as follows: hoisting range and maximum hoisting working condition of the crane; structural features of the steel member; influence factors of the steel structure construction process and the civil engineering construction process on the steel structure construction; component transportation conditions; the air hoisting is convenient, the components are in a stable state when in place, hoisting and assembly are facilitated, and safety during assembly is ensured. The steel structure of the chicken head of the single tower top is divided into three hoisting sections T1, T2 and T3, wherein the section T1 is a steel-concrete section which is arranged at the top end of the concrete inclined tower, and a secondary concrete body, a steel strand inhaul cable prestress tension and the like are required to be poured after the steel-concrete section is arranged. Specific parameters of each section are shown in the following table 1. And hoisting by adopting a 500-ton crawler crane.
TABLE 1 Single side each hoisting segment block hoisting parameters
| Sequence number | Block numbering | Long (mm) | Wide (mm) | High (mm) | Weight (t) | Quantity of |
| 1 | T1 | 6876 | 4000 | 3050 | 32 | 1 |
| 2 | T2 | 9056 | 4000 | 4859 | 43 | 1 |
| 3 | T3 | 8224 | 4000 | 4165 | 31 | 1 |
Before the concrete at the lower part of the steel-concrete transition section is poured, on the interface of the steel-concrete transition section and the concrete, a steel plate with the thickness of 20mm, the width of 200mm and the length of about 1200mm is buried in the concrete at the position corresponding to the concrete at the bottom of the partition plate in the steel member, and steel bars with the diameter of 20mm are welded at the bottom of the steel plate. 8 foundation base plates are pre-buried. The device is used for adjusting and fixing the steel member during installation, and fixing the steel member according to the elevation, the center and the level of the interface during pre-embedding.
When the foundation base plate is buried, firstly, according to the elevation, center, mileage and axis of the bottom surface of the designed tower top steel structure, the center position of a steel placing component is measured, then, according to the position of a partition plate in a steel-concrete transition section, the center position of a foundation plate is marked on a main tower reinforcing steel bar net, then, the foundation plate is aligned according to the marked position, and after the level, center and elevation are adjusted to meet the requirements, an anchor hook on the foundation plate and the reinforcing steel bar net in the main tower are welded and fixed together.
As shown in fig. 14-22, the internal bulkheads of the T1 steel member are parallel to the left and right sidewall surfaces and the longitudinal bulkheads are parallel to the front and rear sidewall surfaces. The diaphragm plates are obliquely arranged, the longitudinal diaphragm plates are vertically arranged, and different guide plates are arranged at corresponding positions according to the characteristics of the diaphragm plates in the T1 section steel member and used for automatically guiding when the steel-concrete transition section is hoisted in place. Four guide plates which are correspondingly arranged on the inner sides of the two longitudinal partition plates are vertical guide type guide plates, so that two transverse guide ranges are formed (namely, the longitudinal partition plates form two left and right deflectable guide ranges, as shown in fig. 21). The guide plate is of a right trapezoid structure, the inclined waist is a guide surface, the upper bottom surface is a positioning surface, and the straight waist is a connecting surface; four inclined guide type guide plates which are correspondingly arranged on the inner sides of the two diaphragm plates are respectively a left guide plate 18 and a right guide plate 19, and the inclined guide plates on the two sides are different in shape in order to adapt to different position angles. The left guide plate is of an irregular pentagon structure, the lower end of the pentagon structure is a horizontal connecting surface, the connecting surface is arranged on the base plate, the positioning surface of the left guide plate is obliquely arranged on the mounting surface, the upper end of the positioning surface is a guide surface inclined at a larger angle, and the guide plate is used for obliquely guiding the left diaphragm plate; the two inclined guide plates on the right side are also of irregular pentagonal structures, the lower end of each pentagonal structure is a horizontal connecting surface, the connecting surface is arranged on the base plate, the locating surface of each right guide plate is obliquely arranged on the mounting surface, the upper end of each right locating surface is a guide surface with a vertical angle, the guide surfaces and the locating surfaces are in transition through smooth arc transition surfaces 17, the inclined position of the right diaphragm plates in the descending process is convenient, the guide plates of the four diaphragm plates form a longitudinal guide range (namely, the diaphragm plates form a guide range capable of shifting left and right, as shown in fig. 22, and the longitudinal direction is relative to the transverse guide range of the longitudinal diaphragm plates), and the guide surfaces of the four guide plates form a half conical horn mouth. Thus, the combined application of the vertical guide type guide plate and the inclined guide type guide plate sets the guide ranges of the two directions on the horizontal installation surface.
Before the steel-concrete transition section of the steel member is hoisted, the central line of the corresponding position of the steel member partition plate is measured on the foundation base plate, and then the corresponding guide plates are symmetrically welded at the position of one side of the central line, so that the lower section (T1) of the steel structure can be automatically guided to be in position during hoisting. Binding the top of the steel bar by using an iron wire before hoisting, inwards collecting, facilitating the hoisting of T1 section steel members into place, hoisting the steel-concrete transition section to the upper part of the steel bar at the top station by using a hoisting device for about 20cm, respectively corresponding the internal partition plates of the steel members to gaps after binding the steel bars, slowly dropping and slowly translating along the inclined direction of the steel bars until the bottom of the steel members contacts with the guide surface of the guide plate, and guiding the steel members to the pre-buried foundation base plate on the concrete surface by the guide plate. And then adjusting and fixing.
After the steel-concrete transition section is hoisted in place, the elevation, the center and the inclination of the steel-concrete transition section are adjusted by utilizing a wedge plate, a jack and a guide chain on a foundation plate according to the designed elevation and the center, and after the elevation, the center and the inclination of the steel-concrete transition section are adjusted to meet the design specification requirements, a baffle plate, a guide plate and a foundation plate of the steel-concrete transition section (section T1) are subjected to intermittent welding, so that the steel-concrete transition section is fixed. And then, the construction such as concrete pouring and the like can be performed. The materials are as follows:
TABLE 2 base plate material usage
| Sequence number | Name of the name | Specification of specification | Single weight (kg) | Quantity of | Two sides | Total weight (kg) |
| 1 | Steel plate | 1200mm*200mm*20mm | 37.68 | 8 | 2 | 602.88 |
| 2 | Reinforcing steel bar | Φ20mm*3000mm | 7.41 | 16 | 2 | 237.12 |
| Totalizing | 840 |
TABLE 3 Steel-concrete section guide plate Material dosage
| Sequence number | Name of the name | Specification of specification | Single weight (kg) | Quantity of | Two sides | Total weight (kg) |
| 1 | Steel plate | 400mm*200mm*20mm | 12.56 | 8 | 2 | 200.96 |
After the hoisting installation of the T1 section is completed, the hoisting installation of the T2 section is carried out, and before the hoisting of the steel member, the guide plate and the positioning block (the guide plate and the positioning block are identical in structure with the guide plate and the positioning block in the first embodiment) are welded on the three sides (one side is the arc-shaped surface vertically) of the installation surfaces of the T1 section and the T2 section in a staggered manner. The guide plate is welded with the T1 section integrally, and the upper and lower locating plates of the locating block are welded with the T1 and T2 section structural members correspondingly. And after the installation section (T2 section) is hoisted in place, the locating surface of the guide plate and the upper steel member (T2 section) are welded into a whole, and temporary fixation is carried out to ensure the safety of the member. The upper and lower sections are welded and reinforced by the fixed code pressing plate 16, so that the firm fixation of the sections is ensured. The specific materials of the guide plate and the fixed code plate are as follows:
table 4 guide plate and fixed code plate material dosage
| Sequence number | Position of | Name of the name | Specification of specification | Single weight (kg) | Quantity of | Total weight (kg)) |
| 1 | Layer 1 butt joint | Steel plate | 350mm*200mm*20mm | 10.99 | 42 | 461.58 |
| 2 | Layer 2 butt joint | Steel plate | 350mm*200mm*20mm | 10.99 | 56 | 615.44 |
The guide plates and the positioning blocks are arranged according to the structural shape of the installation steel member. When some special-shaped surfaces cannot be arranged, the number of the other surfaces can be properly increased, and the strength and stability requirements are integrally met. In order to enhance the strength of connection, guide plates can be arranged on the inner surfaces of the mounting sections in a crossing way and fixedly connected with the mounting sections above the mounting surface, and socket guide positioning is carried out in the descending process of the steel member. The installation of the T3-section steel members is substantially the same and will not be described again. The project was completed through the vehicle in month 4 of 2018.
The inclination angles of the guide surfaces of the same group of guide plates can be the same or different, and are determined according to the shape of the baffle plates or the fixed joints which are actually guided, so long as at least one guiding range for guiding in place is formed on the same group of guide plates. When the inclination angles of the guide surfaces of the same group of guide plates are the same, the formed conical horn mouth is of a regular structure, the guide surfaces are equivalent to conical buses, and when the inclination angles of the guide surfaces of the same group of guide plates are different (under the condition that the inclination angles are not equal to 90 degrees), the formed conical horn mouth is of an irregular structure, which is equivalent to that two half cones are paired together, and the two half-cone buses are different, so that the structure is irregular.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the above-described embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A direction and positioner that is used for high altitude installation of large-scale steel member, its characterized in that: the device comprises a mounting surface and a steel member to be mounted on the mounting surface, wherein at least one group of guide plates are uniformly arranged on the mounting surface and play a role in guiding a fixed joint or a partition plate of the steel member into position; the guide plates comprise guide surfaces, positioning surfaces and connecting surfaces, wherein the positioning surfaces are used for positioning a fixed joint or a partition plate of a steel member to be installed above a mounting surface, the connecting surfaces are used for fixing, the guide surfaces are inclined surfaces with an inclination angle of 30-90 degrees, the height from the top of each guide surface to the mounting surface is 50-100 mm, the guide surfaces of the same group of guide plates form a conical horn mouth or semi-conical horn mouth structure, and the guide surfaces of the same group of guide plates form at least one guide range larger than zero; the guide plate plays a role in positioning the steel member in two directions in a single plane of the mounting surface.
2. The guide and positioning device for high-altitude installation of large steel members according to claim 1, wherein: the guide plate is a basic guide plate, the basic guide plate is of a right trapezoid structure, an inclined waist of the right trapezoid structure is a guide surface, the upper end of the upper bottom surface of the right trapezoid structure is a positioning surface, the lower end of the upper bottom surface of the right trapezoid structure is a connecting surface, a mounting surface perpendicular to the positioning surface is arranged between the positioning surface and the connecting surface, a welding groove is formed in the end portion of the positioning surface, which is connected with the connecting surface, of the connecting surface, and the connecting surface is welded with a steel member.
3. The guide and positioning device for high-altitude installation of large steel members according to claim 1, wherein: the guide plate is a vertical guide type guide plate, the guide plate is of a right trapezoid structure, the inclined waist is a guide surface, the upper bottom surface is a positioning surface, the straight waist is a connecting surface, the connecting surface is vertically fixed on the mounting surface, and the guide plate is used for vertical guide.
4. The guide and positioning device for high-altitude installation of large steel members according to claim 1, wherein: the guide plate is an inclined guide type guide plate, the guide plate is of an irregular polygonal structure, the lower end of the polygonal structure is a horizontal connecting surface, the connecting surface is arranged on a steel member, the positioning surface is arranged in an inclined mode, and the guide plate is used for inclined guide.
5. The guide and positioning device for high-altitude installation of large steel members according to claim 1, wherein: the installation face is provided with a group of basic guide plates for guiding the fixed joints of the steel member to be installed, the guide plates are fixedly arranged around the fixed joints of the steel member which are installed below the installation face, the guide faces of all the guide plates form conical horn mouths with large upper ends and small lower ends, and the fixed joints around the steel member are guided to realize hoisting and positioning of the steel member.
6. The guide and positioning device for high-altitude installation of large steel members according to claim 1, wherein: two groups of guide plates for guiding two diaphragm plates and two longitudinal baffle plates in the steel member to be in place are arranged on the mounting surface, four diaphragm plate guide plates are arranged on the inner sides of the two diaphragm plates and are obliquely arranged, the four diaphragm plate guide plates adopt oblique guide type guide plates, the oblique angles of the guide surfaces of the two diaphragm plate guide plates on the same side are the same, the oblique angle of the guide surface of the diaphragm plate guide plate on one side is 90 degrees, and the guide surfaces of the four diaphragm plate guide plates form a conical horn mouth with a small upper end and a large lower end.
7. The guide and positioning device for high-altitude installation of large steel members according to claim 1, wherein: an arc transition surface is arranged between the guide surface with the inclination angle of 90 degrees and the positioning surface for transition.
8. The guide and positioning device for high-altitude installation of large steel members according to claim 1, wherein: the connecting surface of the vertical guide type guide plate is vertically welded on the base seat plate, the base seat plate is symmetrically arranged on the mounting surface, the guide surface forms a conical horn mouth on the mounting surface, the upper end of the conical horn mouth is small, the lower end of the conical horn mouth is large, and the steel member is lifted in place by guiding the inner partition plate in a single direction of the steel member.
9. The guide and positioning device for high-altitude installation of large steel members according to claim 1, wherein: the two steel members are respectively provided with matched positioning blocks, the positioning block on the upper steel member is provided with a bulge, the positioning block on the lower steel member is provided with a groove, and the bulge and the groove are in seamless close fit to longitudinally position the steel members.
10. The guide and positioning device for high-altitude installation of large steel members according to claim 9, wherein: the groove and the bulge are of V-shaped structures, the bulge of the V-shape is inserted into the groove of the V-shape to be in seamless adhesion, and the upper end of the groove is big and the lower end of the groove is small.
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