CN108751852A - A kind of Covering Material of Refuse Landfill and its application process - Google Patents
A kind of Covering Material of Refuse Landfill and its application process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108751852A CN108751852A CN201810728163.XA CN201810728163A CN108751852A CN 108751852 A CN108751852 A CN 108751852A CN 201810728163 A CN201810728163 A CN 201810728163A CN 108751852 A CN108751852 A CN 108751852A
- Authority
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- covering material
- refuse landfill
- water
- blender
- accelerator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003487 anti-permeability effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000256113 Culicidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001341 hydroxy propyl starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013828 hydroxypropyl starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
- B09B1/004—Covering of dumping sites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/30—Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of Covering Material of Refuse Landfill and its application process, the covering material is mixed by cementitious material mixture, water and anti-crack fiber, cementitious material mixture is mixed by cement, bentonite, pre-gelatinized starch, accelerator, hydrophober, starch ether and cellulose ether and water, anti-crack fiber is polypropylene material mortar/concrete fiber, the slurry of covering material mixing is in thick, there is mobility, it is sprayed on rubbish surface with spraying equipment, can quickly form closely knit coating of a layer thickness within 10mm.The covering material is nontoxic, hardening is fast, sealing effect is good, it is impervious it is strong, weather resistance is strong, at low cost, all types of refuse landfills can be widely used in.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental friendly material prepare and applied technical field, specifically a kind of Covering Material of Refuse Landfill and
Its application process can be widely used in all types of refuse landfill Surface mulchs.
Background technology
With the fast development of China's economy, pre-capita consumption ability greatly promotes, this makes area's rubbish in all parts of the country generate
Amount increases very fast, and domestic waste collection, delivery system are built up in each villages and small towns substantially, the current main disposal options of house refuse still with
Based on landfill, therefore, refuse landfill garbage loading embeading amount will significantly increase in certain area coverage.China's professional standard《Life
Sanitation Landfill Technology for Refuse specification》Native mulching method specified in (CJJ17-2004) not only consumes a large amount of clay resources, but also
Occupy a large amount of landfill yard storage capacity.Therefore, thinner thickness, resistance to compression, impervious, the good refuse landfill of weather resistance are researched and developed
Novel covering material is the important component of current garbage loading embeading technology.
Part refuse landfill replaces clay to cover rubbish using high density polyethylene (HDPE) (HDPE) geomembrane, although this method
It is reasonable to save storage capacity, rain sewage diversion, but needs several staff, time-consuming and laborious, overall cost is higher.
Currently, domestic and international researcher is proposed sprays soverlay technique without soil, there is also some for the domestic research to the technology
Deficiency, such as setting rate is slow, impermeability is poor, coating spraying is thicker, these deficiencies are limited sprays soverlay technique without soil
Extensive use.
Invention content
Existing without defect existing for soil spraying soverlay technique for the country, the present invention provides a kind of nontoxic, costs
It is low, hardening is fast, coating is relatively thin, sealing effect is good, impervious Covering Material of Refuse Landfill strong, weather resistance is strong and
Its application process.
The technical scheme is that:A kind of Covering Material of Refuse Landfill, consists of the following components in percentage by weight:
Cementitious material mixture:51.9%~58.2%,
Water:41.0%~47.1%,
Anti-crack fiber:0.3%~1.7%,
The cementitious material mixture be cement, bentonite, pre-gelatinized starch, accelerator, hydrophober, starch ether and
The mixture of cellulose ether.
The cementitious material mixture consists of the following components in percentage by weight:
Cement:83.2%~88.4%,
Accelerator:3.9%~5.7%,
Bentonite:3.9%~6.2%,
Pre-gelatinized starch:2.9%~4.2%,
Hydrophober:0.3%~0.6%,
Starch ether:0.1%~0.3%,
Cellulose ether:0.2%~0.4%.
The anti-crack fiber is polypropylene material mortar/concrete fiber.The anti-crack fiber is commercial goods.
The cement is marked as 32.5R composite Portland cements.
The accelerator is to meet《Gunite concrete accelerator》The concrete rapid hardening that (JC 477-2005) is required
Agent.
The starch ether is hydroxypropyl starch ether.
The application process of the Covering Material of Refuse Landfill, concrete operation step are as follows:
(1) according to raw material proportioning, cementitious material each component, water and anti-crack fiber are accurately weighed;
(2) the cementitious material each component weighed is added sequentially in blender, stirs 30s;
(3) 80% water is added into blender, continues to stir 60s;
(4) anti-crack fiber is added into blender, continues to stir 60s;
(5) blender is added in remaining 20% water, continues to stir 90s;
(6) slurry after stirring is fitted into spraying device special, even application is on rubbish surface.
Unless otherwise stated, percentage of the present invention is mass percent, and the sum of each component content percentage is
100%.
The present invention's has the prominent advantages that:
1, the slurry stirred evenly is in thick, has mobility, is sprayed on rubbish surface with spraying equipment, can quickly form one
Closely knit coating of the layer thickness within 1cm, hardening is fast, sealing effect is good, it is impervious it is strong, weather resistance is strong.Test knot
Fruit shows that compression strength is more than 1.00MPa after the covering material is molded 24 hours, when having ponding in the covering material, accumulates
Water will not enter waste layer through the covering material;The covering material 60min Simulated rainwaters wash away mass loss 0.8g with
It is interior, illustrate that the covering material has good anti-Rainfall simulator erosion ability.
2, the covering material is nontoxic, at low cost, can be widely used in all types of refuse landfills.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail below by way of multiple embodiments.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is a specific example of Covering Material of Refuse Landfill of the present invention, by following weight percent
The group of ratio is grouped as:
Cementitious material mixture:57%;
Water:41.5%;
Anti-crack fiber:1.5%;
Cementitious material mixture is made of following weight percent composition:
Cement:85%;
Accelerator:5%;
Bentonite:5%;
Pre-gelatinized starch:4%;
Hydrophober:0.5%;
Starch ether:0.2%;
Cellulose ether:0.3%;
According to said ratio, cementitious material each component, water and anti-crack fiber are accurately weighed;The cementitious material each group that will be weighed
Divide and be added sequentially in blender, stirs 30s;80% water is added into blender, continues to stir 60s;It is added into blender
Anti-crack fiber continues to stir 60s;Blender is added in remaining 20% water, continues to stir 90s;Slurry after stirring is packed into special
With in spraying equipment, even application is on rubbish surface.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is another specific example of Covering Material of Refuse Landfill of the present invention, by following weight hundred
Divide and is grouped as than group:
Cementitious material mixture:56%;
Water:43%;
Anti-crack fiber:1%;
Cementitious material mixture is made of following weight percent composition:
Cement:86%;
Accelerator:5%;
Bentonite:4.5%;
Pre-gelatinized starch:3.5%;
Hydrophober:0.5%;
Starch ether:0.2%;
Cellulose ether:0.3%;
According to said ratio, cementitious material each component, water and anti-crack fiber are accurately weighed;The cementitious material each group that will be weighed
Divide and be added sequentially in blender, stirs 30s;80% water is added into blender, continues to stir 60s;It is added into blender
Anti-crack fiber continues to stir 60s;Blender is added in remaining 20% water, continues to stir 90s;Slurry after stirring is packed into special
With in spraying equipment, even application is on rubbish surface.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is another specific example of Covering Material of Refuse Landfill of the present invention, by following weight hundred
Divide and is grouped as than group:
Cementitious material mixture:53.5%;
Water:45%;
Anti-crack fiber:1.5%;
Cementitious material mixture is made of following weight percent composition:
Cement:87%;
Accelerator:5.3%;
Bentonite:3%;
Pre-gelatinized starch:4%;
Hydrophober:0.3%;
Starch ether:0.2%;
Cellulose ether:0.2%;
According to said ratio, cementitious material each component, water and anti-crack fiber are accurately weighed;The cementitious material each group that will be weighed
Divide and be added sequentially in blender, stirs 30s;80% water is added into blender, continues to stir 60s;It is added into blender
Anti-crack fiber continues to stir 60s;Blender is added in remaining 20% water, continues to stir 90s;Slurry after stirring is packed into special
With in spraying equipment, even application is on rubbish surface.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is another specific example of Covering Material of Refuse Landfill of the present invention, by following weight hundred
Divide and is grouped as than group:
Cementitious material mixture:52.5%;
Water:46%;
Anti-crack fiber:1.5%;
Cementitious material mixture is made of following weight percent composition:
Cement:87.2%;
Accelerator:5%;
Bentonite:4%;
Pre-gelatinized starch:3%;
Hydrophober:0.3%;
Starch ether:0.2%;
Cellulose ether:0.3%;
According to said ratio, cementitious material each component, water and anti-crack fiber are accurately weighed;The cementitious material each group that will be weighed
Divide and be added sequentially in blender, stirs 30s;80% water is added into blender, continues to stir 60s;It is added into blender
Anti-crack fiber continues to stir 60s;Blender is added in remaining 20% water, continues to stir 90s;Slurry after stirring is packed into special
With in spraying equipment, even application quickly forms the closely knit coating that a layer thickness is less than 10mm on rubbish surface.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is that the performance detection of Covering Material of Refuse Landfill of the present invention is tested, and has detected implementation respectively
The compressive property of Covering Material of Refuse Landfill, anti-permeability performance and weather resistance energy in example 1~4.Detection method is as follows
It is shown:
Compressive property is tested:The slurry being stirred in Examples 1 to 4 is quickly charged with to the examination of 40mm × 40mm × 160mm
It in mould, constantly vibrates, keeps mixture molding closely knit, stand molding at room temperature and demould afterwards for 24 hours, compression strength survey is carried out after demoulding
Examination, intensity test is according to national standard《Strength of cement mortar detection method》(GB/T17671-1999) it carries out.
Anti-permeability performance is tested:The slurry being stirred in Examples 1 to 4 is quickly packed into diameter 100mm, height 100mm
Have in bottom cover pvc pipe, paste thickness control vibrates 10s in 10mm, stands molding for 24 hours at room temperature, bottom cover is opened later, to PVC
The water of 60mm height is added in pipe, it is H to place and record liquid level afterwards for 24 hours, liquid level falling head is calculated as follows, to indicate
Covering material anti-permeability performance.
Liquid level falling head=60-H
Weather resistance can be tested:The slurry being stirred in Examples 1 to 4 is quickly packed into diameter 150mm, height
In the disk of 10mm, 10s is vibrated, molding is stood at room temperature and demoulds afterwards for 24 hours, covering material is placed in 105 DEG C of baking ovens dries later
It does to constant weight, record weight M1;The covering material of constant weight is placed under shower nozzle at 1m, simulated rainfall washes away 1h, later will
Covering material is again placed in 105 DEG C of drying in oven to constant weight, records weight M2, and the matter for washing away front and back material is calculated as follows
Amount loss, to indicate weather resistance energy.
Mass loss=M1-M2
Each performance measure is as shown in the table.
Compression strength (MPa) | Liquid level falling head (mm) | Mass loss (g) | |
Embodiment 1 | 1.52 | 1.3 | 0.4 |
Embodiment 2 | 1.45 | 4.5 | 0.6 |
Embodiment 3 | 1.36 | 5.4 | 0.7 |
Embodiment 4 | 1.23 | 6.1 | 0.7 |
The above test result shows that compression strength is more than 1.00MPa after the covering material is molded 24 hours.Do not having
Under load and outer force effect, it is sufficient to ensure that the covering material will not be destroyed;24 hours liquid level falling heads 7.0mm with
Interior, when showing to have ponding in the covering material, ponding will not enter waste layer through the covering material;The covering material
60min Simulated rainwaters wash away mass loss within 0.8g, illustrate that the covering material has good anti-Rainfall simulator erosion ability.
Applicant has carried out pilot experiment in certain Shelter in South China Cities household refuse landfill sites to the covering material, with the covering
Energy quick-hardening after material slurry spraying, forms the fine and close coating that a layer thickness is less than 10mm, and in one week observing time
The interior covering material does not occur fracture phenomena, and rainfall day can realize rain sewage diversion, in addition, the covering material is to consumer waste filling and embedding
Field stink and mosquitos and flies also have good inhibiting effect.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Covering Material of Refuse Landfill, which is characterized in that consist of the following components in percentage by weight:
Cementitious material mixture:51.9%~58.2%,
Water:41.0%~47.1%,
Anti-crack fiber:0.3%~1.7%,
The cementitious material mixture is cement, bentonite, pre-gelatinized starch, accelerator, hydrophober, starch ether and fiber
The mixture of plain ether.
2. Covering Material of Refuse Landfill according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cementitious material mixture by
Following components in percentage by weight forms:
Cement:83.2%~88.4%,
Accelerator:3.9%~5.7%,
Bentonite:3.9%~6.2%,
Pre-gelatinized starch:2.9%~4.2%,
Hydrophober:0.3%~0.6%,
Starch ether:0.1%~0.3%,
Cellulose ether:0.2%~0.4%.
3. Covering Material of Refuse Landfill according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the anti-crack fiber is polypropylene
Material mortar/concrete fiber.
4. Covering Material of Refuse Landfill according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cement be marked as
32.5R composite Portland cements.
5. Covering Material of Refuse Landfill according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the accelerator is to meet《Spray
Penetrate concrete accelerator》The concrete accelerator that (JC 477-2005) is required.
6. Covering Material of Refuse Landfill according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the starch ether forms sediment for hydroxypropyl
Powder ether.
7. the application process of Covering Material of Refuse Landfill described in claim 1, which is characterized in that concrete operation step is such as
Under:
(1) according to raw material proportioning, cementitious material each component, water and anti-crack fiber are accurately weighed,
(2) the cementitious material each component weighed is added sequentially in blender, stirs 30s,
(3) 80% water is added into blender, continues to stir 60s,
(4) anti-crack fiber is added into blender, continues to stir 60s,
(5) blender is added in remaining 20% water, continues to stir 90s,
(6) slurry after stirring is fitted into spraying device special, even application is on rubbish surface.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201810728163.XA CN108751852A (en) | 2018-07-05 | 2018-07-05 | A kind of Covering Material of Refuse Landfill and its application process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201810728163.XA CN108751852A (en) | 2018-07-05 | 2018-07-05 | A kind of Covering Material of Refuse Landfill and its application process |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN108751852A true CN108751852A (en) | 2018-11-06 |
Family
ID=63972364
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CN201810728163.XA Pending CN108751852A (en) | 2018-07-05 | 2018-07-05 | A kind of Covering Material of Refuse Landfill and its application process |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109332344A (en) * | 2018-03-04 | 2019-02-15 | 辽宁海天阁环保科技有限公司 | Refuse landfill concentrate recycling treatment and rubbish waterproof cover in-situ applications technique |
CN109384425A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-02-26 | 贵州欧瑞欣合环保股份有限公司 | A kind of method for toughening of covering material |
CN110655353A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2020-01-07 | 宋军 | Emergency covering material, construction method and application |
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KR20130107131A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-10-01 | (주)지오엔바이로텍 | Sludge solidification removal composite and using the covering landfill production method |
CN103922649A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-07-16 | 中南大学 | Refuse landfill surface covering material and application thereof |
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KR20130107131A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-10-01 | (주)지오엔바이로텍 | Sludge solidification removal composite and using the covering landfill production method |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109332344A (en) * | 2018-03-04 | 2019-02-15 | 辽宁海天阁环保科技有限公司 | Refuse landfill concentrate recycling treatment and rubbish waterproof cover in-situ applications technique |
CN109332344B (en) * | 2018-03-04 | 2019-07-12 | 辽宁海天阁环保科技有限公司 | Refuse landfill concentrate recycling treatment and rubbish waterproof cover in-situ applications technique |
CN109384425A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-02-26 | 贵州欧瑞欣合环保股份有限公司 | A kind of method for toughening of covering material |
CN110655353A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2020-01-07 | 宋军 | Emergency covering material, construction method and application |
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