CN108744973A - A kind of infiltration type heat energy utilization method and device - Google Patents
A kind of infiltration type heat energy utilization method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of infiltration type heat energy utilization method and device, belong to infiltration and heat energy utilization field, the present invention overcomes the prejudice recognized for phenomenon of osmosis, solve the problems, such as penetration theory and microstructure, and on this basis, overcome the prejudice about heat energy utilization, solve the problems, such as that low-temperature heat source utilizes, develop a kind of method utilizing thermal energy using penetration mode, for all heat sources, as long as heat source temperature is not less than the minimum temperature that phenomenon of osmosis can occur, this method can include using the heat source, the present invention：Using solute limits device lock part or whole solutes osmotic pressure is formed in semi-permeable membrane both sides；Under osmotic pressure effect, solvent reaches the other side by semi-permeable membrane, and reducing side for solvent provides enough solvent sources, and any one of following manner A and B or two kinds may be used, it is final make structure and external flow complete solvent or liquid inventory cycle, A is integrally formed）Solvent is reduced side to be directly or indirectly connected to solvent increase side, B）Solvent reduction side is directly or indirectly connected to solvent library or natural solvent source；Energy to recycle certain segment fluid flow is generated electricity or is driven other devices as power.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to infiltration and heat energy utilization field, and in particular to it is a kind of using penetration mode using thermal energy method and
Device.
Background technology
Semi-permeable membrane is known as to the selective film of the substance of transmission.It can only cannot generally be penetrated molten through solvent
The film of matter is considered as ideal semi-permeable membrane.When the both sides for weak solution and concentrated solution being respectively placed in a container, centre semi-permeable membrane
It obstructs, the solvent in weak solution will naturally pass through semi-permeable membrane, be flowed to concentrated solution side, this phenomenon is phenomenon of osmosis.Flowing
For a period of time, the liquid level of concentrated solution side can be higher by certain altitude than the liquid level of weak solution, form a pressure difference, and it is flat to reach infiltration
Weighing apparatus state, this pressure difference are osmotic pressure.
Currently, the explanation on Essential Chemistry textbook for phenomenon of osmosis is：Due to semi-permeable membrane both sides solvent concentration not
It is identical, so that the solvent molecule number of solution is diffused into than diffusing into pure solvent from solution by pure solvent in the unit interval
Solvent molecule number it is more, so as to cause the generation of phenomenon of osmosis, and think the pressure of osmotic pressure not instead of solute molecule, it is molten
Caused by agent is spread.The chemical thermodynamics of macroscopic view thinks：Phenomenon of osmosis is the chemistry of the chemical potential of solvent and pure solvent in solution
Caused by potential difference.Van't Hoff（Van't Hoff）It is to be won the first place with the achievement in research of osmotic pressure and chemical kinetics for 1901
The world-renowned scientist of position Nobel chemistry Prize, he has found, the osmotic pressure of weak solution is equal to solute at the same temperature unexpectedly
The air pressure for being converted into perfect gas and being generated when occupying liquor capacity.Therefore he thinks：" gas generates air pressure and solution generation is oozed
The substantive mechanism pressed thoroughly is identical, is not only formal similar.In gas occasion, air pressure is impacted by gas molecule
What chamber wall generated；Under solution conditions, osmotic pressure is generated since solute molecule impacts semi-permeable membrane.As for solvent molecule, by
It in being present in semi-permeable membrane both sides, can travel freely, therefore not generate pressure effect ".
Global energy is in short supply in recent years, environmental problem getting worse, and infiltration generation technology is as a kind of sustainable development
Cleaning renewable sources of energy technology has received widespread attention.In coastal area, the seawater rich reserves of infiltration raw material are can be used as, at present
Have multinational construction and permeate power generation with sea water facility, for " pressure delays to permeate（PRO）The research and development of power generation with sea water " technology.Inside
Land area not can be used as the solution of infiltration raw material largely, but there are extensive heat sources, thus some technical staff propose use
Thermal energy detaches the solution after infiltration, to regenerate the mode of infiltration raw material, just forms a kind of infiltration heat energy power-generating in this way
Technology.
The second law of thermodynamics：Clausius formulation, it is impossible to which heat is passed to high temp objects without drawing from cryogenic object
Play other variations；Kelvin's statement, it is impossible to take heat from single source, be allowed to be completely converted into useful work(without causing other
Variation；Also can be expressed as, perpetual motion machine of the second kind can not be achieved, perpetual motion machine of the second kind be it is a kind of can take heat from single source, make
Become completely useful work without generate other influences machine.
Invention content
The present invention overcomes the prejudice recognized for phenomenon of osmosis, solve the problems, such as penetration theory and microstructure.And
On this basis, the prejudice about heat energy utilization is overcome, solves the problems, such as that low-temperature heat source utilizes, a kind of utilize is developed and oozes
The method that saturating mode utilizes thermal energy.For all heat sources, as long as heat source temperature is not less than the lowest temperature that phenomenon of osmosis can occur
Degree, this method can utilize the heat source.
For several theoretical explanations of phenomenon of osmosis, it is difficult to place of justifying oneself there is very much, illustrates these theories
It need to be discussed." there are no the microstructures that an acceptable theory can explain infiltration so far ", in the eighties in last century
End comments the plasma of committee orgaization by American Physical and fluid physics panel once described in this way.Therefore, he
The microstructure of phenomenon of osmosis is classified as to one of the physics important topic of the 1990s.But up to now, still without
Obtain substantive progress.
Below by the various phenomenons and its microstructure in the analytical solution in terms of microcosmic macroscopical two, and propose infiltration reason
By.
Dissolution phenomena.
It is microcosmic：Solute can be dissolved into solvent, illustrate the contact surface in solution and pure solute（Attached drawing 1-1）On, solvent point
Directed force F of the son to solute molecule2It is gravitation and pure solute molecule intermolecular forces F will not be much smaller than1, in most cases, F2
≥ F1, the solute molecule on contact surface just can constantly enter in solvent, form dissolution phenomena, and intermolecular force be all with
It intermolecular distance and changes, you can to have obtained the solute molecule stress balance interface 8 on solution and pure solute contact surface
First layer solute molecule is even had passed over through the first layer solute molecule close to pure solute to enter in pure solute.With dissolving
Solute is more and more, and solute molecule is also by other solute molecules in solution to its directed force F on contact surface1' and increasing,
Because distance is very big, therefore F in molecule rank between the solute molecule in solution1' is gravitation, it is meant that the rate of dissolving with
The increase for solution concentration is getting faster.
Macroscopic view：Solute can be dissolved into solvent, illustrate that the potential energy of solute molecule in the solution is less than it in pure solute
Potential energy, therefore solute molecule is preferentially booked low-potential energy region.In course of dissolution, the variation of energy has：Molecule gesture between pure solute molecule
It can Ep1Substantially increase, the outer molecular potential Ep between solute molecule and solvent molecule of solution2Substantially reduce, solute molecule in solution
Molecular potential Ep between solvent molecule2' reduces on a small quantity, molecular potential Ep between solute molecule in solution1The micro reductions of ', big portion
The molecular kinetic energy of solution in the case of point（Ek1+Ek2）Increase, equation △ Ep2+△Ep2'+（△Ep1'）=△Ep1+△（Ek1+Ek2）
It sets up,（△Ep1'）Can approximation ignore.In the potential energy of variation, Ep1And Ep2In pure solute, Ep1' and Ep2' in the solution,
By the potential energy of solute molecule in the solution Ep is obtained less than its potential energy in pure solute1+Ep2> Ep1'+Ep2', transformation can obtain
（Ep2-Ep2'）>（Ep1'-Ep1）.It can all show that dissolving is the molecule gesture between solvent molecule and solute molecule by above two formula
The phenomenon that molecular potential between solute molecule can be converted into.With the increase of solution concentration, Ep1' and Ep2' reduces, solute molecule
The difference of the potential energy of potential energy and solute molecule in pure solute in the solution increases, it is meant that the rate of dissolving is with solution concentration
Increase be getting faster.
Solute molecule warm-up movement state, diffusion phenomena in solution.
It is microcosmic：Force analysis is carried out for the solute molecule in solution（Attached drawing 1-2）, it is made by solvent molecule
Firmly F2, by other solute molecules in solution to its directed force F1', solvent molecule are uniformly distributed in the solution, therefore are considered
F2Mutually approximate to offset, the moving line of only consolute molecule has an impact, will not be generated to the motion state of solute molecule
It is big to influence, and distance is very big in molecule rank between the solute molecule in solution, therefore F1' very littles, to sum up, in solution
Solute molecule stress is similar to gas molecule stress in gas, can show that solute molecule warm-up movement is similar in solution
The conclusion of heat motion of gas molecules.As solution concentration increases, directed force F1' also can slowly increase, it is meant that solute in solution
Molecular thermalmotion weakens with the increase of solution concentration.
Macroscopic view：By in solution solvent and solute segmentation consider that they be in same environment as two individuals, it is mutual close
Cut-grafting is touched, therefore temperature reaches unanimity, i.e., the total kinetic energy of warm-up movement reaches unanimity both in heat exchange unit area, Solute mass
For M1, molecular thermalmotion roof-mean-square speed be V1rms, solvent quality M2, molecular thermalmotion roof-mean-square speed be V2rms, then have
M1V1rms 2/2=M2V2rms 2/ 2, the mass M of solute in unit area solution1The generally much smaller than mass M of solvent2, so molten
Matter molecular thermalmotion roof-mean-square speed V1rmsMuch larger than solvent molecule warm-up movement roof-mean-square speed V2rms, macroscopic view is to show as spreading
Phenomenon, solvent molecule warm-up movement roof-mean-square speed are the warm-up movement roof-mean-square speed of liquid, solute molecule warm-up movement in solution
Roof-mean-square speed V1rmsMuch larger than the warm-up movement roof-mean-square speed of liquid, solute molecule warm-up movement r.m.s. speed in solution can be obtained
Rate V1rmsClose to heat motion of gas molecules roof-mean-square speed.As solution concentration increases, Solute mass M1Increase and solvent quality
M2With solvent molecule warm-up movement roof-mean-square speed V2rmsIt is constant, it can obtain solute molecule warm-up movement roof-mean-square speed in solution
V1rmsReduce with the increase of solution concentration.
Phenomenon of osmosis/wall surface water suction circulating phenomenon/freezing point of solution, condensation point reduce phenomenon.
It is microcosmic：On solution and semi-permeable membrane, solution and wall or the contact surface of solution and air, when solute molecule reaches solvent
When outer, by solvent molecule to its active force --- gravitation F2, it is acted on by other solute molecules in solution
Power --- gravitation F1', by the molecule of semi-permeable membrane, wall or air to its directed force F3.In F2Under the action of solute molecule it is dynamic
It can reduce, corresponding solvent molecule can increase kinetic energy, and value is F during the entire process of solute molecule moves outside solvent2It is done
Work(.When contacting semi-permeable membrane or wall, solvent molecule increases the direction of the outer solute molecule of speed direction solvent of kinetic energy, the speed
Nearby reversely towards inside solution under the collective effect of various molecules, then this position will attract other solvents point nearby
Son forms phenomenon of osmosis or wall surface water suction circulating phenomenon；When contacted with air, the kinetic energy increase of solvent molecule shows as solution table
Face activity increases, freezing point reduces, condensation point reduces.
Macroscopic view：Solute is dissolved in solvent, so when solute molecule moves to the contact surface of solution and any substance
Solvent can prevent solute from being detached from solution range when upper, and there are three types of situations at this time：It is direct under solvent action that one is solute molecules
In rework solution, the molecular kinetic energy Ek of solute1' substantially reduces, the molecular kinetic energy Ek of solvent2Substantially increase, solution near contact surface
The molecular potential Ep of middle solute molecule1' reduces on a small quantity, the molecular potential Ep of solvent in the neighbouring solution of contact surface2It is a small amount of to increase；Separately
One is solute molecules first to reach the surface of institute's contact material then in rework solution under solvent action, the molecular kinetic energy of solute
Ek1' substantially reduces, the molecular kinetic energy Ek of solvent2Substantially increase, the molecular kinetic energy Ek of institute's contact material3It is a small amount of to increase, contact surface
The molecular potential Ep of solute molecule in neighbouring solution1' reduces on a small quantity, the molecular potential Ep of solvent in the neighbouring solution of contact surface2On a small quantity
Increase；The third is the surface that solute molecule is detached from that solution is attached to institute's contact material, the molecular kinetic energy Ek of solute1' substantially subtracts
It is small, the molecular kinetic energy Ek of solvent2Substantially increase, the molecular potential Ep of solute molecule and other material molecules3Substantially reduce, solution
Molecular potential Ep between outer solute molecule and solvent molecule2Substantially increase, in solution between solute molecule and solvent molecule
Molecular potential Ep2' increases on a small quantity, the molecular potential Ep of solute molecule1The micro increases of '.These three above situations are all by solution
The molecular kinetic energy Ek of solute1' drivings.On the contact surface of solution and any substance, the molecular kinetic energy Ek of solvent2It is significantly increased, it is molten
The molecular potential Ep of agent2It is a small amount of to increase, moieties kinetic energy Ek2With molecular potential Ep2Increase macro manifestations be solution surface live
Property increase, freezing point reduces, condensation point reduces, the whole increased molecular kinetic energy Ek in part2It can converge and be moved for the solvent of macroscopic view, not
It is phenomenon of osmosis, wall surface water suction circulating phenomenon respectively with contact surface.
Saturated phenomenon/solute precipitation phenomenon/solute condenses phenomenon/fouling membrane phenomenon.
It is microcosmic：On solution and pure solute, solution and wall or the contact surface of solution and semi-permeable membrane, when solute molecule arrival is molten
When outside agent, by solvent molecule to its active force --- gravitation F2, it is acted on by other solute molecules in solution
Power --- gravitation F1', by pure solute molecule to its directed force F1, or by wall, semi-permeable membrane to its directed force F3, solution
It is V that middle solute molecule, which can reach solution and the minimum speed at solute molecule stress balance interface 8 on pure solute contact surface,1 8, molten
Solute molecule can reach the minimum at solute molecule stress balance interface 9 on solution and wall or solution and semi-permeable membrane contact surface in liquid
Speed is V1 9.When moving to the speed V of the solute molecule outside solvent in the solution1> V1 8, solution can be detached from and return to pure solute,
It is solute precipitation phenomenon, when this process reaches balance with course of dissolution, solution reaches saturation state.When moving to solvent
The speed V of outer solute molecule in the solution1> V1 9, solution can be detached from and reach wall or semi-transparent film surface, this is that solute is solidifying
Tie phenomenon or fouling membrane phenomenon.
Macroscopic view：There are equation △ Ep in course of dissolution2+△Ep2'+（△Ep1'）=△Ep1+△（Ek1'+Ek2）It sets up, equation
The left side is：The outer molecular potential Ep between solute molecule and solvent molecule of solution2, in solution between solute molecule and solvent molecule
Molecular potential Ep2', molecular potential Ep between solute molecule in solution1'；It is on the right of equation：Molecular potential between pure solute molecule
Ep1, the molecular kinetic energy of solution（Ek1'+Ek2）.Dissolving is the conversion from the equation left side to the right, and precipitation is reversed conversion,
Molecular kinetic energy Ek before the solute molecule variation of reversed conversion requirement variable condition in the solution1' > △（Ek1+Ek2）, with molten
The increase of liquid concentration, solute molecule quantity increase, and meet molecular kinetic energy Ek1' > △（Ek1+Ek2）Solute molecule number increase,
The rate that conversion is precipitated increases.Saturation state is that the dynamic equilibrium of conversion and dissolving conversion is precipitated.Condensation and pollution are right sides
Ep1Replace with Ep3--- solute molecule and the conversion to left side after the molecular potential of other material molecules.Solute molecule is molten
Potential energy in liquid is less than its potential energy in pure solute, and it is dynamic in pure solute that the kinetic energy of solute molecule in the solution is more than it
Can, it changes under the promotion of high energy, i.e. dissolving is that high potential energy of the solute molecule in pure solute pushes, and precipitation is solute
The kinetic energy of molecule in the solution pushes.With the increase of solution concentration, the potential energy and solute molecule of solute molecule in the solution
The difference of potential energy in pure solute increases, and the solute molecule quantity with kinetic energy increases in solution, that is, dissolves and what is be precipitated follows
Ring rate is getting faster with the increase of solution concentration.
The diffusion theory of textbook is exactly to guess completely without any basis.And the chemical thermodynamics of macroscopic view is seen
Method, if by before infiltration concentrated solution and solvent be compared with the weak solution after infiltration, between solute molecule and solvent molecule
Molecular potential Ep2' reduces, molecular potential Ep between solute molecule1' reduces, it appears that can show that " phenomenon of osmosis is solvent in solution
Caused by chemical potential and the difference in chemical potential of pure solvent ".But there is understanding deviation among this, phenomenon of osmosis, which is that solvent is spontaneous, to be passed through
The phenomenon that semi-permeable membrane, rather than concentrated solution and solvent merging the phenomenon that becoming weak solution, the latter is that the chemical thermodynamics of macroscopic view is retouched
" phenomenon of osmosis " stated includes not only that phenomenon of osmosis also includes a series of energy conversion after infiltration.So it is to ooze that can only say
One kind of saturating phenomenon is the result is that release the difference in chemical potential of the chemical potential of solvent and pure solvent in solution.Van't Hoff（Van't
Hoff）Theory be closest to actual conditions, unique problem is the object of solute molecule collision.
In conclusion phenomenon of osmosis is that outermost layer solvent molecule is formed on solute molecule impact solution boundary in solution
Caused by film.This reason not only generates phenomenon of osmosis, also generates two kinds of phenomenons --- solution surface activity increases, freezing point reduces,
Condensation point reduces phenomenon, wall surface water suction circulating phenomenon.The rate of phenomenon of osmosis --- i.e. the size of osmotic pressure is not only dense with solution
Degree, temperature positive correlation, also the maximum kinetic energy positive correlation with the solute molecule that cannot pass through solvent membrane, cannot pass through the molten of solvent membrane
The maximum kinetic energy of matter molecule is total to by Multiple factors such as solute species, solvent type, semi-transparent membrane material, solution pressure, solution concentrations
With decision.
Phenomenon of osmosis, wall surface water suction circulating phenomenon, solution surface activity increases, freezing point reduces, condensation point reduces phenomenon, this three
In a phenomenon, by solution solvent and solute segmentation as two individual consider, be primarily present solute molecular kinetic energy turn
The molecular kinetic energy for turning to solvent, the heat for being solute are transmitted to solvent, and the temperature of solute should be by equivalent molten inside solution at this time
Agent is less than solvent to solution boundary, i.e., this is the phenomenon that a kind of heat of naturally occurring passes to high temp objects by cryogenic object.It oozes
In saturating phenomenon and wall surface water suction circulating phenomenon, solution is integrally considered, the movement of solvent macroscopic view on contact surface is from single heat
Source --- solution takes heat, is allowed to become the phenomenon that useful work is without generating other influences completely.I.e. above three phenomenon is heating power
Learn the invalid evidence of second law.
A kind of infiltration type heat energy utilization method of claim 1. comprising：Using solute limits device lock part or entirely
Portion's solute forms osmotic pressure in semi-permeable membrane both sides；Under osmotic pressure effect, solvent reaches the other side by semi-permeable membrane, subtracts for solvent
Few side provides enough solvent sources, and any one of following manner A and B or two kinds may be used, finally make structure and outside
Complete solvent or liquid inventory cycle, A is integrally formed in flow）Solvent is reduced side with solvent increase side directly or indirectly to connect
It is logical, B）Solvent reduction side is directly or indirectly connected to solvent library or natural solvent source；Energy to recycle certain segment fluid flow is made
For power, other devices are generated electricity or driven.
By above-mentioned penetration theory it is found that the initial driving force of solvent movement derives from the thermal energy of solution.If solute is limited in
In the near zone of film side, make it not with the generation of infiltration and the flowing of solvent and separate film, it can be continually from solution
Heat is taken, is allowed to become solvent movement.This method is to limit lock part or whole solutes in semi-permeable membrane using solute limits device
In certain subregion of side, solute is set not moved with the generation of infiltration and the flowing of solvent, to make the knot of phenomenon of osmosis
Fruit becomes solvent flux, this solvent flux is recycled to contribute as power.In claim 1, " solute limits device " is to utilize
Certain mode limits the device in solute motion region；" lock part or whole solutes " refers to：Prevent part or all of solute from
Entirely free on his movement is maintained in a certain fixed area, is not moved with the generation of infiltration and the flowing of solvent；" directly or
Indirect communication " refers to：It is directly connected to pipeline, or is connected to by other several devices with pipeline, other devices such as check valve, stream
Body energy utilization device, valve etc.；" external flow " refers to：As employing mode B, with solvent reduce the solvent library that be connected to of side or oneself
Right solvent source, solvent increase side, solvent or liquid inventory between above-mentioned the two, or when structure is semi open model, two
Solvent between open end or liquid inventory, this partial discharge are included in cycle；" complete solvent or liquid inventory cycle "
Refer to：One cycle being made of solvent or solution motion；" mode A "：When only existing one group of infiltration, that is, refers to unique solvent and subtract
Few side increases side with unique solvent and is connected, is enough molten of a solvent reduction side collocation one when there are multigroup infiltration
Agent source, which, which increases side and be not specific to some solvent, increases side, can be that the solvent reduces the corresponding solvent increasing in side
Plus side may not be the solvent and reduce side corresponding solvent increase side, can be that the solvent of an infiltration increases side, also may be used
To be that the solvent of several infiltrations increases the combination of side, as long as meeting it permeates enough solvent sources." mode A and B "：This
Two ways is the optional mode of " reduce side for solvent and provide enough solvent sources ", and any of this two ways may be used
Kind or both, but not limited to this two ways, as long as meeting context " reduce side for solvent and provide enough solvent sources "
Any mode of " finally make structure and external flow is integrally formed complete solvent or liquid inventory cycle ", all meets we
The original meaning of method.
Claim 2. is according to the method described in claim 1, it further comprises：In the solute limits device structure
Including following any one or several structures：a）Electric field, b）Magnetic field, c）By dredging solvent seperation film and cooling gaseous solvent to liquid
The structure for being used for carrying out membrane distillation process of device composition, d）Semi-permeable membrane, e）Amberplex, f）It can react with solute
Substance, g）Temperature is less than the region of semi-transparent film temperature in phenomenon of osmosis, h）Heating structure in phenomenon of osmosis generation area.
" solute limits device " is the device that profit limits solute motion region by some way.In above structure, a, b, c,
D, e, f can be used as major limitation structure, and a, b, d, e, f, g, h can be used as secondary restraint structure.Wherein, a）Electric field is to utilize electricity
The case where distribution of potential energy enables ionic solute to be in the position of low potential, and there are ionic solutes suitable for solution；b）Magnetic field,
It is to prevent ionic solute from, by field region, being suitable for molten perpendicular to magnetic direction the effect of charged particle using magnetic field
The case where there are ionic solutes in liquid；c）Device by dredging solvent seperation film and cooling gaseous solvent to liquid form for into
The structure of row membrane distillation process is suitable for using the non-volatile limitation Nonvolatile solute of solute by dredging solvent seperation film
The case where containing Nonvolatile solute in volatilizable solvent；d）Semi-permeable membrane is that a kind of substance to transmission is selective thin
Film makes solute that can not pass through using semi permeability, but since phenomenon of osmosis can occur, and semi-permeable membrane cannot be tied separately as limitation
Structure；e）Amberplex is a kind of polymeric membrane containing ionic group, to the ion in solution with selection through ability,
Also referred to as ion-selective permeability film, and DC electric field combine to form electroosmose process, and ionic solute is made to pass through amberplex
The case where return participates in the solution of infiltration, and there are ionic solutes suitable for solution；f）The substance that can be reacted with solute,
Prevent solute from by the substance region, can be used as the auxiliary knot removed through the micro solute of other structures using reaction
Structure；g）Temperature is less than the region of semi-transparent film temperature in phenomenon of osmosis, limits solute with the variation of temperature solubility using solute, leads to
Frequently as the supplementary structure of e semi-permeable membranes；h）Heating structure in phenomenon of osmosis generation area, using solute with temperature solubility
Change to increase permeable areas solute concentration, while increasing phenomenon of osmosis rate, is optimal supplementary structure.
Claim 3. is according to the method described in claim 2, it further comprises：It is wrapped in the generation structure in the magnetic field
Containing following any one or several：A) permanent magnet, b) electromagnet, c) superconducting magnet.
Permanent magnet：The magnet that can keep it magnetic for a long time.Electromagnet：It is made of magnetic core and coil, when there is electricity in coil
Stream can generate the device in magnetic field when flowing through.Superconducting magnet：Make the magnet of magnet exciting coil with superconductivity wire.
Method of the claim 4. according to one of Claims 2 or 3, further comprises：The generation of the electric field
Comprising following any one or several in structure：A) electric conductor, b) electret, c) capacitor arrangement.
Electric conductor：Has the substance of conduction charge capability.Electret：Also known as electret is a kind of with persistence polarization
Dielectric.Capacitor arrangement：Two conductors insulated from each other.
Claim 5. is according to the method described in claim 4, when containing electric field in solute limits device structure, arrangement is just
Ion group and anion group, cation group are formed in semi-permeable membrane both sides and are permeated using electric field lock part or whole cation solutes
Pressure, anion group form osmotic pressure using electric field lock part or whole anion solutes in semi-permeable membrane both sides, and cation group is molten
Agent increases side and is directly or indirectly connected to anion group solvent reduction side, and anion group solvent increases side and cation group solvent subtracts
Few side is directly or indirectly connected to, and is further comprised：Cation group solvent is reduced into side and increases side list with cation group solvent
It is connected to valve, anion group solvent reduces side and is connected to check valve with anion group solvent increase side, and solvent is made to reduce the molten of side
Liquid can by check valve reach solvent increase side, solvent increase side solution cannot by check valve, to interval will be molten
Agent reduces the solute accumulated due to side occurs because permeating and is transported to solvent increase side.
When containing electric field in solute limits device structure, arrange that cation group and anion group, cation group utilize electric field
Lock part or whole cation solutes form osmotic pressure in semi-permeable membrane both sides, and cation group solvent increases side and anion group is molten
Agent reduces side and is directly or indirectly connected to, and the anion that cation group solvent increases side is limited by electric field far from film and with increased
The solvent that solvent flux is transferred to anion group reduces side, and a small amount of anion that anion group solvent reduces side is limited far by electric field
From film without influencing process of osmosis, the negative ion amount increase for reducing side with anion group solvent can reduce infiltration rate, will bear
Ion group solvent reduces side and is connected to check valve with anion group solvent increase side, makes the solution of anion group solvent reduction side can
Increase side to reach anion group solvent by check valve, the anion to which anion group solvent to be reduced to side accumulation adds to
Anion group solvent increases side, and anion group solvent increases the osmotic pressure of the anion offer anion group of side, that is, utilizes unidirectional
Valve makes this part anion not reduce infiltration rate to increase infiltration rate instead, and cation group is similarly.
A kind of infiltration type heat-energy utilizing device of claim 6. comprising：Semi-permeable membrane, solute limits device can be by fluid
Energy be converted into the reforming unit of mechanical energy, semi-permeable membrane side cavity is directly or indirectly connected to reforming unit.
" solute limits device " is the device that profit limits solute motion region by some way；It " can be by the energy of fluid
It is converted into the reforming unit of mechanical energy ", such as the hydraulic turbine, hydraulic motor etc.；" directly or indirectly connection " refers to：Directly connected with pipeline
It is logical, or be connected to by other several devices with pipeline, other devices are such as check valve, fluid energy using device, valve.
Claim 7. device according to claim 6, further comprises：In the solute limits device structure
Including following any one or several structures：a）Electric field, b）Magnetic field, c）By dredging solvent seperation film and cooling gaseous solvent to liquid
The structure for being used for carrying out membrane distillation process of device composition, d）Semi-permeable membrane, e）Amberplex, f）It can react with solute
Substance, g）Temperature is less than the region of semi-transparent film temperature in phenomenon of osmosis, h）Heating structure in phenomenon of osmosis generation area.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing 1 is solution phenomenon total figure, and attached drawing 1-1 is the microcosmic schematic diagram of dissolution phenomena, and attached drawing 1-2 is solute molecule heat fortune
Microcosmic stress diagram is moved, it is microcosmic that attached drawing 1-3 is phenomenon of osmosis/wall surface water suction circulating phenomenon/freezing point of solution, condensation point reduces phenomenon
Schematic diagram, attached drawing 1-4 saturated phenomenons/solute precipitation phenomenon/solute condense phenomenon/microcosmic schematic diagram of fouling membrane phenomenon.
Attached drawing 2 is the basic embodiment for illustrating this method.
It includes a that attached drawing 3, which is in solute limits device structure,）Electric field, b）Magnetic field, f）The substance that can be reacted with solute,
h）In the embodiment of the heating structure of phenomenon of osmosis generation area.
It includes a that attached drawing 4, which is in solute limits device structure,）When electric field, the embodiment of cation group and anion group is arranged.
It includes a that attached drawing 5, which is in solute limits device structure,）Electric field, b）Magnetic field, e）Amberplex, f）It can be sent out with solute
The embodiment of the substance of raw reaction.
It includes a that attached drawing 6, which is in solute limits device structure,）Electric field, d）The embodiment of semi-permeable membrane.
It includes b that attached drawing 7, which is in solute limits device structure,）Magnetic field, d）The embodiment of semi-permeable membrane.
It includes c that attached drawing 8, which is in solute limits device structure,）By the dress for dredging solvent seperation film and cooling gaseous solvent to liquid
Set the embodiment of the structure for being used for carrying out membrane distillation process of composition.
It includes f that attached drawing 9, which is in solute limits device structure,）The embodiment for the substance that can be reacted with solute.
It includes d that attached drawing 10, which is in solute limits device structure,）Semi-permeable membrane, f）Temperature is less than semi-transparent film temperature in phenomenon of osmosis
Region, g）In the embodiment of the heating structure of phenomenon of osmosis generation area.
It is labeled as in figure：1 is pure solute, and 2 be pure solvent, and 3 be solution, and 4 be semi-permeable membrane, and 5 be chamber wall, and 6 be solute point
Son, 7 be solvent molecule, and 8 be the solute molecule stress balance interface on solution and pure solute contact surface, and 9 be solution and wall or molten
Solute molecule stress balance interface on liquid and semi-permeable membrane contact surface, 10 be gas molecule in air, and 11 be the molecule of chamber wall, 12
For the molecule of semi-permeable membrane, F1For pure solute molecule intermolecular forces, F2It is solvent molecule to the active force of solute molecule, F3It is semi-transparent
The molecule of film, wall or air is to its active force, F1' is the intermolecular forces of solute molecule in solution, and 13 is with ionic solutes
Solution, 14 be weak solution or solvent, and 15 is positive for electric field, and 16 be electric field cathode, and 17 be magnetic field, and wherein arrow is several signal magnetic
Field wire, 18 be solution flow direction, and 19 reduce side for solvent, and 20 increase side for solvent, and 21 be the device for utilizing fluid energy, example
Such as fluid generator, 22 be solute limits device, and 23 be nature solvent source or solvent library, and 24 can react with solute
Substance, 25 is, in the heating structure of phenomenon of osmosis generation area, 26 are check valve, and 27 be amberplex, wherein bandSymbol
It is cation-exchange membrane, bandSymbol is anion-exchange membrane, and 28 arrive to dredge solvent seperation film, 29 for cooling gaseous solvent
The device of liquid, 30 region for temperature less than semi-transparent film temperature in phenomenon of osmosis.
Specific implementation mode
Attached drawing 2 is the basic embodiment for illustrating this method.Existed using 22 solute limits device lock parts or whole solutes
The infiltration generation area of semi-permeable membrane both sides makes the result of infiltration become solvent and is moved to the increase of 20 solvents by 19 solvents reduction side
Side makes solution be flowed along 18 solution flow directions by connection, can directly be connected to 19 solvents and reduce side and 20 solvents increase side,
It can also be connected to 23 natural solvent sources or solvent library, by the circuit illustrated in figure or its deformation, complete solvent is integrally formed
Or liquid inventory cycle, recycling device of certain part installation 21 using fluid energy, such as fluid generator etc..This reality
It applies and the insignificant structure in part is omitted in example, such as：Between 23 natural solvent sources or solvent library are connected to 19 solvents reduction side
Valve mechanism etc. between filter device, each connection.Each structure is simple signal in the present embodiment, cannot be to illustrate in scheming
Structure limits the embodiment of this method, such as the labyrinths such as film compound frequently with multimembrane, special-shaped in specific infiltration is implemented,
Belong to 4 semi-permeable membranes and the consitutional reference range of 5 chamber walls in figure.Implement on the not limited to this basis of embodiment of this method
Example, the deformation that all this method those skilled in the art can associate belong to the protection domain of this method.
It includes a that attached drawing 3, which is in solute limits device structure,）Electric field, b）Magnetic field, f）The substance that can be reacted with solute,
h）In the embodiment of the heating structure of phenomenon of osmosis generation area.Wherein major limitation structure is a）Electric field.a）I.e. 15 electricity of electric field
Entire space is divided into solution side and film side two by field anode and 16 electric field cathode using the contact surface of solution and semi-permeable membrane as boundary
A region, then there are two film side region and a solution side region, the positions of 15 electric field anodes and 16 electric field cathode for two film construction
It is merely represented in one of solution side and film side region.The symbol of 15 electric field anodes and 16 electric field cathode is only to illustrate, electricity
Arbitrary form electric field, uniform electric field, point electric field, special-shaped electric field etc. may be used in field, when 15 electric field anodes and 16 electric field cathode
At same side, AC field can be used.Secondary restraint structure is b）17 magnetic fields, wherein arrow are several signal magnetic field lines, can
With using diagram, laterally or longitudinally any arrangement, vertical magnetic field direction solution flow rate longitudinal direction mode are less than landscape mode,
Therefore required magnetic field intensity is longitudinally less than laterally, f）24 substances that can be reacted with solute remove limiting structure before crossing
A small amount of solute, h）25 phenomenon of osmosis generation area heating structure, increase permeable areas temperature, accelerate infiltration rate.
It includes a that attached drawing 4, which is in solute limits device structure,）When electric field, the embodiment of cation group and anion group is arranged,
This embodiment is one of optimum embodiment.Diagram left side is anion group, provides osmotic pressure with electronegative ion, right side is just
Ion group provides osmotic pressure with positively charged ion.Corresponding 27 amberplex can be arranged as shown in increase side to subtract
Few key ionic solute is run away, or can arrange the substance that 24 can react with corresponding ionic solute as shown to purify
The key ionic solute run away, anion group correspond to 27 bandsThe anion-exchange membrane of symbol and 24 can with it is corresponding negatively charged
The substance that reacts of ionic solute, cation group corresponds to 27 bandsThe cation-exchange membrane of symbol and 24 can be with corresponding band
The substance that the ionic solute of positive electricity reacts.Any one connection in this structure, all it is ensured that fluid is incomplete in connection
Connection, the lower position of its energy of position is transferred to avoid key ion by connecting pipe.
With a）Electric field is as limiting structure there are two types of situation, and frequently as major limitation structure, electric field strength is wanted for a kind of situation
Ask high, total ionic solute amount is few in solution, and the essentially pure solvent cycle of cycle, ionic solute is limited by electric field completely substantially
System is near semi-permeable membrane, and for different structure and ionic solute, the amount and demand electric field strength correspondence of ionic solute are not
Together, in specific implementation, it can obtain its correspondence by experiment, certain electric field strength is kept in determining structure, is made
The lasting fluid for increase until 20 solvents side outflow of infiltration becomes pure solvent, at this point, the amount of remaining ionic solute
It is corresponding with the electric field strength in this structure, with a）Electric field belongs to one of optimum embodiment as this situation of limiting structure；
Another situation is frequently as secondary restraint structure, to electric field strength no requirement (NR), makes certain near semi-permeable membrane in certain area internal electric field
The osmotic pressure of kind of ionic solute is raised and lowered, and electric field strength is bigger, and it is more notable to be raised and lowered effect, also can be used as main
Limiting structure arranges cation group and anion group using multigroup infiltration, such as attached embodiment illustrated in fig. 4 be combined with each other makes half
Permeable membrane both sides permeable pressure head increases.
With b）Magnetic field should limit the flowing velocity of magnetic field region fluid as limiting structure, and magnetic field is not done work, can only
Change ionic solute the direction of motion, the solution quickly flowed can with ionic solute pass through field region, the intensity in magnetic field with
Field region, ionic species, fluid-flow rate, fluid temperature (F.T.) are related, for magnetic field needed for different structures intensity not yet
Together, in concrete structure, magnetic field intensity should meet ion, and maximum speed radius of circular motion in magnetic field is far small at such a temperature
It, can be by calculating or testing determining magnetic field intensity in magnetic field width.
It includes a that attached drawing 5, which is in solute limits device structure,）Electric field, b）Magnetic field, e）Amberplex, f）It can be sent out with solute
The embodiment of the substance of raw reaction.Wherein major limitation structure is a）Electric field and e）The electrodialysis structure of amberplex composition.
a）Entire space is divided into molten by electric field i.e. 15 electric field anodes and 16 electric field cathode using the contact surface of solution and semi-permeable membrane as boundary
Liquid side and the film side regions Liang Ge, two film construction is then there are two film side region and a solution side region, 15 electric field anodes and 16 electricity
The position of field cathode is merely represented in one of solution side and film side region.The symbol of 15 electric field anodes and 16 electric field cathode
Only illustrate, arbitrary form electric field, uniform electric field, point electric field, special-shaped electric field etc. may be used in electric field.e）27 ion exchanges
Film, wherein bandSymbol is cation-exchange membrane and 16 electric field cathode in the same side, bandSymbol be anion-exchange membrane with
15 electric field anodes are in the same side.
It includes a that attached drawing 6, which is in solute limits device structure,）Electric field, d）The embodiment of semi-permeable membrane.Wherein major limitation structure
For d）4 semi-permeable membranes.a）Electric field i.e. 15 electric field anodes and 16 electric field cathode make ionic solute redistribution to ensure in limiting structure
Nearby ion concentration is less than ion concentration near 4 semi-permeable membranes in infiltration structure for 4 semi-permeable membranes, this illustrated embodiment infiltration structure is with band
The ionic solute of positive electricity provides the osmotic pressure of infiltration, and it is molten more than electronegative ion to be suitable for positively charged ionic solute total quantity
15 electric field anodes and 16 electric field cathode place-exchanges are changed into, infiltration structure is with electronegative ionic solute by the case where matter
The osmotic pressure of infiltration is provided, the case where electronegative ionic solute total quantity is more than positively charged ionic solute is suitable for.
It includes b that attached drawing 7, which is in solute limits device structure,）Magnetic field, d）The embodiment of semi-permeable membrane.Wherein major limitation structure
For d）4 semi-permeable membranes.b）17 magnetic fields are arranged in limiting structure near 4 semi-permeable membranes, are reached 4 in limiting structure with reducing ionic solute
Near semi-permeable membrane.This embodiment can be combined with 6 embodiment of attached drawing, also can be used as a kind of preferred embodiment.
With d）Semi-permeable membrane need to ensure that the solvent theoretical flux in limiting structure is more than in infiltration structure as limiting structure,
It avoids the 13 solution chamber pressures with ionic solute in infiltration from rising, damages 4 semi-permeable membranes.As usage time increases, limiting structure
In d）Contamination phenomenon can inevitably occur in 4 semi-permeable membranes, answer timely cleaning replacement.
It includes c that attached drawing 8, which is in solute limits device structure,）Gaseous solvents are cooled down to liquid by 28 thin solvent seperation films and 29
Device composition be used for carry out membrane distillation process structure embodiment.Need to equally it ensure in this structure molten in limiting structure
Agent theoretical flux is more than in infiltration structure.Film distillation technology is the UF membrane skill for detaching the non-volatile solute in aqueous solution
Art, the case where having borrowed film distillation technology herein and expanded, contain non-volatile solute suitable for volatilizable solvent.Using certain
The volatile solvent of kind room temperature, this embodiment are one of optimum embodiment.
It includes f that attached drawing 9, which is in solute limits device structure,）The embodiment for the substance that can be reacted with solute.It is wherein main
It is f to want limiting structure）24 substances that can be reacted with solute.This embodiment is relatively conventional in nature, and all plants are equal
Similar to this embodiment, solute is drawn from soil --- nutriment, with osmotic pressure lyosoption --- water simultaneously will be molten
For matter --- nutriment transports the substance that can be reacted with solute --- in blade, blade absorbs nutriment, water analysis
Go out or be vaporized through naturally cycle and finally returns in soil.Artificial implementation cost is excessively high, only special circumstances --- and it is anti-
In the case of should being valuable with product and needs, just there is the meaning manually implemented.
It includes d that attached drawing 10, which is in solute limits device structure,）Semi-permeable membrane, f）Temperature is less than semi-transparent film temperature in phenomenon of osmosis
Region, g）In the embodiment of the heating structure of phenomenon of osmosis generation area.Wherein major limitation structure is d）4 semi-permeable membranes.This
Embodiment needs under naturally occurring temperature difference condition, just there is the value of implementation.
Embodiments of the present invention include several embodiments listed above, but are not limited to these types of embodiment.All
The deformation that those skilled in the art in the invention can associate, all belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of infiltration type heat energy utilization method comprising：
Using solute limits device lock part or whole solutes osmotic pressure is formed in semi-permeable membrane both sides；
Under osmotic pressure effect, solvent reaches the other side by semi-permeable membrane, and reducing side for solvent provides enough solvent sources, can
With any one of A and B in the following ways or two kinds, finally make structure and external flow be integrally formed complete solvent or
Liquid inventory recycles, A）Solvent is reduced side to be directly or indirectly connected to solvent increase side, B）By solvent reduce side directly or
Solvent library or natural solvent source are passed in succession；
Energy to recycle certain segment fluid flow is generated electricity or is driven other devices as power.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it further comprises：
Include following any one or several structures in the solute limits device structure：a）Electric field, b）Magnetic field, c）By dredging solvent point
The structure for being used for carrying out membrane distillation process that device from film and cooling gaseous solvent to liquid forms, d）Semi-permeable membrane, e）Ion
Exchange membrane, f）The substance that can be reacted with solute, g）Temperature is less than the region of semi-transparent film temperature in phenomenon of osmosis, h）It is permeating
The heating structure of phenomenon generation area.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it further comprises：
Comprising following any one or several in the generation structure in the magnetic field：A) permanent magnet, b) electromagnet, c) superconducting magnet.
4. according to the method in claim 2 or 3, further comprising：
Comprising following any one or several in the generation structure of the electric field：A) electric conductor, b) electret, c) capacitor arrangement.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, in solute limits device structure contain electric field when, arrangement cation group and bear from
Subgroup, cation group form osmotic pressure, anion group using electric field lock part or whole cation solutes in semi-permeable membrane both sides
Osmotic pressure is formed in semi-permeable membrane both sides using electric field lock part or whole anion solutes, cation group solvent increases side and bears
Ion group solvent reduces side and is directly or indirectly connected to, anion group solvent increase side and cation group solvent reduce side directly or
Lead in succession, further comprises：
Cation group solvent reduced into side and cation group solvent increase side and be connected to check valve, anion group solvent reduce side and
Anion group solvent increases side and is connected to check valve, and the solution that solvent reduces side is allow to reach solvent increase by check valve
Side, the solution that solvent increases side cannot be molten to be accumulated due to solvent reduction side occurs interval because permeating by check valve
Matter is transported to solvent and increases side.
6. a kind of infiltration type heat-energy utilizing device comprising：Semi-permeable membrane, solute limits device can convert the energy of fluid to
The reforming unit of mechanical energy, semi-permeable membrane side cavity are directly or indirectly connected to reforming unit.
7. device according to claim 6, further comprises：
Include following any one or several structures in the solute limits device structure：a）Electric field, b）Magnetic field, c）By dredging solvent point
The structure for being used for carrying out membrane distillation process that device from film and cooling gaseous solvent to liquid forms, d）Semi-permeable membrane, e）Ion
Exchange membrane, f）The substance that can be reacted with solute, g）Temperature is less than the region of semi-transparent film temperature in phenomenon of osmosis, h）It is permeating
The heating structure of phenomenon generation area.
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| CN201810621112.7A CN108744973A (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2018-06-15 | A kind of infiltration type heat energy utilization method and device |
| PCT/CN2019/091023 WO2019238082A1 (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2019-06-13 | Method and apparatus for using osmotic heat energy |
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| CN201810621112.7A CN108744973A (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2018-06-15 | A kind of infiltration type heat energy utilization method and device |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019238081A1 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | 毛靖宇 | Ion permeation regulation method and apparatus |
| WO2019238082A1 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | 毛靖宇 | Method and apparatus for using osmotic heat energy |
| CN111285525A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-16 | 山东大学 | Reverse-flow PRMD-PRO system and method based on waste heat recovery and desalination |
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| DE19742259A1 (en) * | 1997-09-25 | 1999-04-01 | Schmidt Luesmann Jochen Dr Ing | Renewable electrical energy generated using osmotic pressure reactor |
| JP2009047012A (en) * | 2007-08-14 | 2009-03-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Osmotic pressure power generation system |
| JP5913113B2 (en) * | 2009-10-28 | 2016-04-27 | オアシス ウォーター，インコーポレーテッド | Forward osmosis separation method |
| CN103172189A (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2013-06-26 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Device for generating power by utilizing osmosis energy |
| CN108744973A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-06 | 毛靖宇 | A kind of infiltration type heat energy utilization method and device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019238081A1 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | 毛靖宇 | Ion permeation regulation method and apparatus |
| WO2019238082A1 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | 毛靖宇 | Method and apparatus for using osmotic heat energy |
| CN111285525A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-16 | 山东大学 | Reverse-flow PRMD-PRO system and method based on waste heat recovery and desalination |
| CN111285525B (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2021-02-02 | 山东大学 | Reverse-flow PRMD-PRO system and method based on waste heat recovery and desalination |
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