CN108739254B - Non-woven fabric culture medium, preparation method thereof and application thereof in ecological restoration of plants in grouted shore zone - Google Patents
Non-woven fabric culture medium, preparation method thereof and application thereof in ecological restoration of plants in grouted shore zone Download PDFInfo
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- CN108739254B CN108739254B CN201810586424.9A CN201810586424A CN108739254B CN 108739254 B CN108739254 B CN 108739254B CN 201810586424 A CN201810586424 A CN 201810586424A CN 108739254 B CN108739254 B CN 108739254B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
- A01G24/46—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form multi-layered
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/732—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by fluid current, e.g. air-lay
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a non-woven fabric culture medium and a preparation method thereof, wherein mixed fibers are carded into a fiber web in an air-laid mode; all the mixed fibers adopt new fibers, and the fiber nets are superposed for needling reinforcement to obtain root layers; carding polyacrylonitrile fibers into a fiber web in an air-laid manner; superposing the fiber nets to carry out needling reinforcement to obtain an anti-aging layer; and bonding and superposing the anti-aging layers on the two sides of the root layer by using bonding fibers to obtain a primary culture medium body, and then heating to obtain the non-woven fabric culture medium. According to the invention, after a fiber net is obtained by an air-laid technology, a non-woven fabric culture medium with good air permeability and high strength is obtained by combining a needling reinforcement technology. The invention also provides application of the non-woven fabric culture medium in ecological restoration of plants in the grouted shore zone.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a non-woven fabric culture medium, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in ecological restoration of plants in a grouted shore zone.
Background
The ecological restoration of the water body grout shore is an important link of the ecological restoration of the water body, and the existing ecological restoration technology of the grout shore mainly refers to an ecological environment technology for restoring the manually grouted shore by adopting plants, and has the advantages of being beneficial to intercepting surface source pollution such as storm runoff and the like and improving ecological landscape.
The non-woven fabric has the advantages of small plasticity, stable formed void space and contribution to the growth of plant roots; furthermore, the nonwoven fabric culture medium is mostly used for cultivating plants.
However, the current non-woven fabric culture medium can only meet the requirement of plant growth on flat ground, and the strong requirement of a shore belt with a certain inclination angle on the culture medium is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a non-woven fabric culture medium, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in ecological restoration of a grouted shore zone.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of a non-woven fabric culture medium, which comprises the following steps:
(1) carding the mixed fibers into a fiber web in an air-laid mode; superposing the fiber nets to carry out needling reinforcement to obtain a root layer;
the mixed fiber comprises a first fiber and a second fiber, the first fiber comprises one or more of cotton fiber, viscose fiber, vinylon and straw fiber, and the second fiber comprises one or more of hemp fiber, coconut fiber, terylene and chinlon;
(2) carding polyacrylonitrile fibers into a fiber web in an air-laid manner; superposing the fiber nets to carry out needling reinforcement to obtain an anti-aging layer;
(3) bonding and superposing the anti-aging layers on the two sides of the root layer by using bonding fibers to obtain a primary culture medium body;
(4) heating the culture medium primary body obtained in the step (3) to obtain a non-woven fabric culture medium;
the step (1) and the step (2) have no chronological order.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the first fibers to the second fibers is (9-1): (1-9).
Preferably, the condition parameters for needling reinforcement in the step (1) and the step (2) are independently: the needling reinforcing frequency is 45-600 times/min, and the needling density is 20-200 spines/cm2The depth of the needle penetration is 3-20 mm.
Preferably, air-laying in step (1) and step (2) is independently performed by an air-laying machine; the setup conditions of the airlaid were independently: the speed of a fan is 600-1000 r/min, the conveying speed is 2-3 m/min, the speed of a main cylinder is 2000-2500 r/min, the speed of a cotton stripping roller is 20-30 r/min, and the speed of a transverse blower is 80-1000 r/min.
Preferably, the thickness of the fiber webs in the step (1) and the step (2) is independently 3-5 mm.
Preferably, the heating treatment temperature in the step (4) is 130-160 ℃, and the heating treatment time is 5-10 min.
Preferably, the bonding fibers in the step (3) are ES fibers; the dosage of the bonding fiber on one side of the root layer is (3-10) g/cm3。
The invention also provides the non-woven fabric culture medium prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme, which comprises a root layer and anti-aging layers bonded on two sides of the root layer, wherein the root layer and the anti-aging layers are bonded through bonding fiber layers.
Preferably, the thickness of the non-woven fabric culture medium is 5-50 mm.
The invention provides application of the non-woven fabric culture medium in the technical scheme in ecological restoration of a grouted shore zone.
The invention provides a preparation method of a non-woven fabric culture medium, which combs mixed fibers into a fiber net in an air-laid mode; the mixed fiber comprises a first fiber and a second fiber, the first fiber comprises one or more of cotton fiber, viscose fiber, vinylon and straw fiber, the second fiber comprises one or more of fibrilia, coconut fiber, terylene and polyamide, and the two fibers are mixed and matched, so that the strength of the mixed fiber is higher, and a material basis is provided for the high strength of a subsequent non-woven fabric culture medium; superposing the fiber nets to carry out needling reinforcement to obtain a root layer; carding polyacrylonitrile fibers into a fiber web in an air-laid manner; superposing the fiber nets to carry out needling reinforcement to obtain an anti-aging layer; and bonding and superposing the anti-aging layers on the two sides of the root layer by using bonding fibers to obtain a primary culture medium body, and then heating to obtain the non-woven fabric culture medium. According to the invention, after a fiber net is obtained by an air-laid technology, a non-woven fabric culture medium with good air permeability and high strength is obtained by combining a needling reinforcement technology, and after needling and air-laid reinforcement, fibers are arranged regularly and become fibers entangled with one another. This entanglement increases the contact area between the fibers, and the extrusion force, resulting in an increase in friction and a natural increase in the strength of the nonwoven. The results of the examples show that the strength of the non-woven fabric culture medium obtained by the invention is tested, the tensile breaking strength is up to 320N, the breaking elongation is more than 50%, and the strong requirement of a shore belt with a certain inclination angle on the culture medium is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a nonwoven fabric culture medium according to the present invention;
wherein 1 is a root layer, and 2 and 3 are anti-aging layers.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a non-woven fabric culture medium, which comprises the following steps:
(1) carding the mixed fibers into a fiber web in an air-laid mode; superposing the fiber nets to carry out needling reinforcement to obtain a root layer;
the first fibers comprise one or more of cotton fibers, viscose fibers, vinylon and straw fibers, and the second fibers comprise one or more of hemp fibers, coconut fibers, terylene and chinlon;
(2) carding polyacrylonitrile fibers into a fiber web in an air-laid manner; superposing the fiber nets to carry out needling reinforcement to obtain an anti-aging layer;
(3) bonding and superposing the anti-aging layers on the two sides of the root layer by using bonding fibers to obtain a primary culture medium body;
(4) heating the culture medium primary body obtained in the step (3) to obtain a non-woven fabric culture medium;
the step (1) and the step (2) have no chronological order.
The invention adopts an air-laid mode to comb the mixed fibers into a fiber web. In the present invention, the mixed fiber includes a first fiber and a second fiber, and the mass ratio of the first fiber to the second fiber is preferably (9 to 1): (1-9), and more preferably 5: 5. In the invention, the first fiber comprises one or more of cotton fiber, viscose fiber, vinylon and straw fiber, and the second fiber comprises one or more of hemp fiber, coconut fiber, terylene and nylon. In the invention, the cotton fiber, the viscose fiber, the vinylon, the straw fiber, the hemp fiber, the coconut fiber, the terylene and the chinlon are all unused and have high obdurability.
The invention has no special requirements on the sources of the cotton fiber, the viscose fiber, the vinylon, the straw fiber, the fibrilia, the coconut fiber, the terylene and the chinlon, and can be obtained by adopting the methods well known by the technical personnel in the field. The mixed fiber is adopted, so that the cost can be reduced, and the harm to the environment can be weakened by the degradable advantage; in addition, in the practical application process of the root layer of the mixed fiber adopted by the invention, the mixed fiber cannot expand and grow due to the absorption of moisture, and the mixed fiber cannot shrink after the moisture is evaporated; the problems of obvious thermal expansion and contraction in case of cold do not exist, and a stable space environment can be provided for plant growth.
In the present invention, the air-laying is preferably done by an air-laying machine; the setting conditions of the air-laid machine are preferably as follows: the fan speed is 600-1000 r/min, and more preferably 800-900 r/min; the conveying speed is 2-3 m/min, and the preferable speed is 2.5 m/min; the main cylinder speed is 2000-2500 r/min, and more preferably 2200-2400 r/min; the speed of the cotton stripping roller is 20-30 r/min, and the preferable speed is 25-28 r/min; the speed of the transverse blower is 80 to 1000r/min, and more preferably 100 to 500 r/min. The invention adopts the mode of air-laying to comb the fibers, thereby obtaining the fiber web, the fiber web formed by the air-laying has high fiber disorder degree and a plurality of gaps, the root system can conveniently penetrate through the non-woven fabric, the gaps of the non-woven fabric are enlarged along with the growth of the root system, and the plant growth is not influenced. In the present invention, the thickness of the fiber web is preferably 3 to 5mm, and more preferably 3.5 to 4 mm.
After the fiber net is obtained, the fiber net is superposed to carry out needling reinforcement, and the root layer is obtained. In the invention, the number of superimposed layers is preferably 12-20. In the present invention, the condition parameters of the needle punching reinforcement are preferably: the needling reinforcing frequency is 45-600 times/min, and the needling density is 20-200 spines/cm2The depth of the needle penetration is 3-20 mm. In the invention, the needling reinforcement frequency is further preferably 80-500 times/min; the needling density is further preferably 50-150 needling/cm2(ii) a The needling depth is further preferably 5-15 mm. In the invention, the needling reinforcement preferably comprises pre-needling reinforcement and main needling reinforcement which are sequentially carried out; in the present invention, the pre-needling needle is preferably a standard type needle; the needling density of the pre-needling is preferably 20-40 needling/cm2More preferably 25 to 30 spines/cm2The needling reinforcement frequency is preferably 45-300 needling/min; the main needling needle is preferably a standard needle; the needling density of the main needling is preferably 50-200 spines/cm2More preferably 60 to 160 thorn/cm2The needling strengthening frequency is preferably 200 to 600 needling/min. In the present invention, the pre-needling needle is preferably a standard type lancet; the pre-needling reinforcement frequency is preferably selectedThe consolidation frequency is lower than that of the main needling, and the density of the pre-needling is preferably lower than that of the main needling. In the invention, the following are specific: the reinforcing frequency of the pre-needling is 45 times/min, and the needling density of the pre-needling is 40 punches/cm2The reinforcement frequency of the main needling is 200 times/min, and the needling density of the pre-needling is 200 needling/cm2(ii) a The method can also specifically comprise the following steps: the reinforcing frequency of the pre-needling is 300 times/min, and the needling density of the pre-needling is 70 needling/cm2The reinforcement frequency of the main needling is 600 times/min, and the needling density of the main needling is 200 needling/cm2. During processing, the fiber web is pre-needled, is processed more coarsely and is reinforced by main needling, so that the compactness is further improved.
The method is beneficial to improving the strength of the fiber net through the needling reinforcement, obtains a root layer with higher strength, and meets the strength requirement required by the plant growth culture medium on the grouted shore. The invention can realize the adjustment of the air permeability of the non-woven fabric culture medium by adjusting the needling density so as to meet the requirements of different plant growth; the invention can also realize the adjustment of the strength of the non-woven fabric culture medium by adjusting the needling density and the needling reinforcement frequency so as to meet the requirements of different grouted shore belts on the strength of the culture medium.
The invention adopts the mode of air-laying to comb the polyacrylonitrile fiber into the fiber web. The source of the polyacrylonitrile fiber is not particularly required in the invention, and the polyacrylonitrile fiber can be prepared by the method well known by the technical personnel in the field. In the invention, the condition parameters of the air-laid web are selected from the condition parameters of the air-laid web carded by the mixed fiber in the technical scheme, and are not described again.
The invention adopts the air-laid mode to comb the polyacrylonitrile fibers into a fiber web. The invention also adopts the mode of air-laying to comb the polyacrylonitrile fiber, thereby obtaining the fiber web, the fiber web formed by air-laying has high fiber disorder degree and a plurality of gaps, the root system can conveniently penetrate through the non-woven fabric, the gaps of the non-woven fabric are enlarged along with the thickness of the root system, and the plant growth is not influenced. In the present invention, the thickness of the fiber web is preferably 3 to 5mm, and more preferably 3.5 to 4.5 mm.
After finishing carding the polyacrylonitrile fibers, the anti-aging layer is obtained by superposing the fiber nets and carrying out needling reinforcement. In the invention, the number of superimposed layers is preferably 5-8. In the present invention, the condition parameters for needling reinforcement are selected from the condition parameters for needling reinforcement in the foregoing technical solution, and are not described herein again.
The invention has no special requirements on the preparation sequence of the root layer and the anti-aging layer, and can be used for preparing a certain layer preferentially or preparing the root layer and the anti-aging layer simultaneously.
According to the invention, the fiber net is firstly obtained in the air-laid mode, and then the root layer and the anti-aging layer are obtained by combining the needling reinforcement technology, so that a plurality of tortuous apertures can be formed in the preparation process, and the porosity is relatively high, so that the obtained culture medium with the non-woven fabric property has very good air permeability; the better air permeability is beneficial to the growth of the plant root system without generating root rot phenomenon. And the tortuous pores formed in the preparation process can expand along with the growth of the root system, thereby being beneficial to the expansion of the root system.
After the root layer and the anti-aging layer are obtained, the anti-aging layer is bonded and superposed on the two sides of the root layer by adopting bonding fibers to obtain a culture medium initial body. In the invention, the bonding fiber is preferably ES fiber, and the dosage of the bonding fiber on one side of the root layer is preferably (3-10) g/cm3More preferably (5 to 8) g/cm3. According to the invention, after the bonding fibers are preferably spread on one side of the root layer, the anti-aging layer is superposed on the side on which the bonding fibers are spread to obtain a primary superposed body; and after the bonding fibers are spread on the other side of the root layer in the superposed body, the other anti-aging layer is superposed on one side of the bonding fibers newly spread in the superposed body. In the present invention, the thicknesses of the aging resistant layers adhesively laminated to both sides of the root layer may or may not be equal.
After the culture medium initial body is obtained, the culture medium initial body is heated to obtain the non-woven fabric culture medium. In the invention, the temperature of the heating treatment is preferably 130-160 ℃, more preferably 135-155 ℃, and even more preferably 140-150 ℃. In the present invention, the time of the heat treatment is preferably 5 to 10min, and more preferably 6 to 8 min. In the heat treatment process, the bonding fiber plays a role of a bonding agent, and a bonding fiber layer is formed between the root layer and the anti-aging layer.
The invention also provides the non-woven fabric culture medium prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme, which comprises a root layer and anti-aging layers bonded on two sides of the root layer, wherein the root layer and the anti-aging layers are bonded through bonding fiber layers. In the invention, the thickness of the non-woven fabric culture medium is preferably 5-50 mm, more preferably 10-40 mm, and even more preferably 15-30 mm. The invention has no special requirement on the relation of the total thickness of the root layer and the anti-aging layer in the non-woven fabric culture medium, and is determined according to the applicable conditions. In the present invention, the thicknesses of the aging resistant layers on both sides of the root layer may be equal or different.
The non-woven fabric culture medium prepared by the method has small plasticity, the formed void space is stable, the growth of plant root systems is facilitated, the effect of external force is avoided, and the growth of plants is not influenced.
The invention provides an application of the non-woven fabric culture medium in ecological restoration of a grouted shore area, and preferably the non-woven fabric culture medium is used as a phytoremediation blanket in ecological restoration of the grouted shore area to provide a culture medium for plant growth. In the present invention, the application preferably comprises the steps of: and paving the non-woven fabric culture medium on a cement surface of the grout shore band, cutting the anti-aging layer in the non-woven fabric culture medium to facilitate planting plants in the root layer, and then sealing the cutting gaps in the anti-aging layer again. The invention has no special requirement on the source of the grouted shore belt, and any grouted shore belt needing ecological restoration in the field can be used. According to the invention, the non-woven fabric culture medium is paved on the grouted shore, and the plant directly grows on the planting blanket by utilizing the growth characteristic that the porous structure in the non-woven fabric culture medium is suitable for the plant root system, so that the ecological landscape of the shore can be improved, and the surface source pollutants can be intercepted.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description of the non-woven fabric culture medium provided by the present invention, the preparation method thereof and the application thereof in ecological restoration of a grouted shore zone are made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Mixing 90kg of first fibers (the first fibers are cotton fibers, viscose fibers, vinylon and straw fibers) and 10kg of second fibers (the second fibers are fibrilia, coconut shell fibers, terylene and chinlon), and adding the mixture into an airflow web former to be carded into a fiber web with the thickness of 4 mm;
wherein the setting conditions of the air-laid machine are as follows: the fan speed is 600 r/min; the conveying speed is 2 m/min; the main cylinder speed is 2000 r/min; the speed of the cotton stripping roller is 20 r/min; the transverse blower speed was 80 r/min.
(2) Laying the carded fiber web in multiple layers by a lapping machine, and then needling and pre-reinforcing the carded fiber web on a needle machine to obtain a root layer with the thickness of 3mm, wherein the pre-needling reinforcing frequency is 45 times/min, and the needling density is 40 punches/cm2(ii) a The main needling strengthening frequency is 200 times/min, and the needling density is 200 spines/cm2And the needling depth is 3 mm.
(3) Forming 20kg of polyacrylonitrile fiber into a uniform fiber web by using an air-laid method; wherein, the setting conditions of the air-laid machine are independently: the fan speed is 1000r/min, the conveying speed is 3m/min, the main cylinder speed is 2500r/min, the cotton stripping roller speed is 30r/min, and the transverse blower speed is 100 r/min.
(4) Laying the carded fiber web in multiple layers by a lapping machine, needling and pre-reinforcing the carded polyacrylonitrile fiber web on a needle machine to form an anti-aging layer with the thickness of 1mm, wherein the pre-needling reinforcing frequency is 45 times/min, and the needling density is 40 punches/cm2(ii) a The main needling strengthening frequency is 200 times/min, and the needling density is 200 spines/cm2(ii) a The needling depth of the pre-needling and the main needling is 3 mm;
(5) spreading a layer of ES fiber on the upper and lower surfaces of the treated root layer in the step (2) at a density of 10g/cm2；
(6) Cutting two sections of the fiber net formed in the step (4) to be respectively used as a bottom layer and a surface layer, and discharging the two sections of the fiber net and the fiber net in the step (5) according to the structural relation shown in the figure 1, wherein the anti-aging layers 2 and 3 are bonded on two sides of the root layer 1;
(7) and (4) hot air bonding the culture medium primary body obtained in the step (6) for 10min at the hot air bonding temperature of 160 ℃, and obtaining the non-woven fabric culture medium with the thickness of 5 mm.
Example 2:
(1) mixing 10kg of first fibers (the first fibers are cotton fibers, viscose fibers, vinylon and straw fibers) and 90kg of second fibers (the second fibers are hemp fibers, coconut fibers, terylene and chinlon), and adding the mixture into an airflow web former to be carded to form a fiber web with the thickness of 5 mm;
wherein the setting conditions of the air-laid machine are as follows: the fan speed is 1000 r/min; the conveying speed is 3 m/min; the main cylinder speed is 2500 r/min; the speed of the cotton stripping roller is 30 r/min; the transverse blower speed was 100 r/min.
(2) Pre-reinforcing the carded fiber web by needling on a needle machine to obtain a root layer with the thickness of 3mm, wherein the pre-needling reinforcing frequency is 300 times/min, and the needling density is 70 punches/cm2(ii) a The main needling strengthening frequency is 600 times/min, and the needling density is 200 punches/cm2(ii) a The needling depth of the pre-needling and the main needling is 10 mm.
(3) Forming 20kg of polyacrylonitrile fiber into a uniform fiber web by using an air-laid method; wherein, the setting conditions of the air-laid machine are independently: the fan speed is 600r/min, the conveying speed is 2m/min, the main cylinder speed is 2000r/min, the cotton stripping roller speed is 20r/min, and the transverse blower speed is 80 r/min.
(4) Needling and pre-reinforcing the carded polyacrylonitrile fiber net on a needle machine to form an anti-aging layer with the thickness of 2mm, wherein the pre-needling reinforcing frequency is 300 times/min, and the needling density is 70 punches/cm2The main needling strengthening frequency is 600 times/min, and the needling density is 200 punches/cm2The needling depth is 20 mm;
(5) spreading a layer of ES fiber on the upper and lower surfaces of the treated root layer in the step (2) at a density of 3g/cm2；
(6) Intercepting two sections of the fiber net formed in the step (4) to be respectively used as a bottom layer and a surface layer, and discharging the two sections of the fiber net and the fiber net in the step (5) according to the structural relation shown in the figure 1 to obtain a culture medium initial body, namely adhering the anti-aging layers 2 and 3 on two sides of the root layer 1;
(7) and (4) hot air bonding the culture medium precursor obtained in the step (6) for 8min at the hot air bonding temperature of 130 ℃, and obtaining the non-woven fabric culture medium with the thickness of 7 mm.
The non-woven fabric culture mediums obtained in the examples 1 and 2 are used for repairing plants on the shore by grouting, and the plants grow well after the non-woven fabric culture mediums are laid on a shore belt as planting blankets.
The nonwoven fabric culture media obtained in example 1 and example 2 were sampled at 5 positions, and the tensile breaking strength and tensile breaking elongation were measured according to the test standards of GB/T3923 tensile Property of textile fabrics, and the results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively.
TABLE 1 test results of breaking strength and breaking elongation of the nonwoven fabric culture medium obtained in example 1
Table 2 test results of breaking strength and breaking elongation of the nonwoven fabric culture medium obtained in example 2
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the strength of the non-woven fabric culture medium obtained by the invention is tested, the tensile breaking strength is up to 320N, and the breaking elongation is more than 50%; the non-woven fabric culture medium disclosed by the invention is excellent in strength and good in toughness, and meets the requirement of a shore belt with a certain inclination angle on the strength of the culture medium.
In order to accurately study the sunlight irradiation resistance of the nonwoven fabric culture medium obtained in the present invention, the nonwoven fabric culture medium obtained in examples 1 to 2 was subjected to simulated sunlight for 24 hours using a light fastness tester, and the tensile breaking strength and tensile breaking elongation before and after the sunlight were measured and compared with the mechanical properties before the test, and the results are shown in table 3. As is clear from Table 3, it was found that the loss of breaking strength was 9.17% and 57.7%, respectively, and the loss of elongation at break was 26.85% and 32.48%, respectively, and it was found that the medium obtained by the present invention had the property of resisting sunlight irradiation.
TABLE 3 comparison of mechanical Properties of nonwoven Fabric media of examples 1-2 before and after suntan
The pore size of the culture media obtained in examples 1 and 2 was measured using a fully automatic specific surface pore analyzer (Porometer 3G), and the results showed that the pore size of the nonwoven fabric was greater than 500 microns (the instrument could only measure pores below 500 microns at the maximum, and the results showed that the number of pores below 500 microns was 0), and it was seen that the pore size was larger in the culture media; and the pores are more, so that the air-permeable brick is used for plant growth and has good air permeability.
As demonstrated by the above examples, the nonwoven fabric culture medium provided by the present invention is excellent in strength and sunlight irradiation resistance, and can be used in an inclined shore zone; the preparation method is simple, the production flow is short, the raw materials are easy to obtain, and the production cost is low.
The fiber raw materials used in the invention are degradable, harmless to the environment, and good in chemical stability, and do not have adverse effect on the growth of plants.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a non-woven fabric culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) carding the mixed fibers into a fiber web in an air-laid mode; superposing the fiber nets to carry out needling reinforcement to obtain a root layer;
the mixed fiber comprises a first fiber and a second fiber, the first fiber comprises one or more of cotton fiber, viscose fiber, vinylon and straw fiber, and the second fiber comprises one or more of hemp fiber, coconut fiber, terylene and chinlon;
(2) carding polyacrylonitrile fibers into a fiber web in an air-laid manner; stacking a fiber net formed by carding polyacrylonitrile fibers, and performing needling reinforcement to obtain an anti-aging layer;
(3) bonding and superposing the anti-aging layers on the two sides of the root layer by using bonding fibers to obtain a primary culture medium body;
(4) heating the culture medium primary body obtained in the step (3) to obtain a non-woven fabric culture medium;
the step (1) and the step (2) have no chronological order.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the first fibers to the second fibers is (9-1): (1-9).
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the condition parameters for needling reinforcement in the steps (1) and (2) are independently: the needling reinforcing frequency is 45-600 times/min, and the needling density is 20-200 spines/cm2The depth of the needle penetration is 3-20 mm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the air-laying in step (1) and step (2) is independently performed by an air-laying machine; the setup conditions of the airlaid were independently: the speed of a fan is 600-1000 r/min, the conveying speed is 2-3 m/min, the speed of a main cylinder is 2000-2500 r/min, the speed of a cotton stripping roller is 20-30 r/min, and the speed of a transverse blower is 80-1000 r/min.
5. The method of claim 1, 3 or 4, wherein the thickness of the fiber web in the steps (1) and (2) is 3 to 5mm independently.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heating treatment in the step (4) is carried out at a temperature of 130 to 160 ℃ for 5 to 10 min.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the binder fiber in the step (3) is an ES fiber; the dosage of the bonding fiber on one side of the root layer is (3-10) g/cm3。
8. The non-woven fabric culture medium prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises a root layer and anti-aging layers bonded to both sides of the root layer, wherein the root layer and the anti-aging layers are bonded by bonding fiber layers.
9. The non-woven fabric culture medium according to claim 8, wherein the thickness of the non-woven fabric culture medium is 5 to 50 mm.
10. Use of the non-woven medium according to claim 8 or 9 for the ecological restoration of plants in a shore-side band.
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| CN1733471A (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2006-02-15 | 武汉科技学院 | Nonwoven fabric nonwatertight moisture keeping template lining and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN1861870A (en) * | 2006-06-22 | 2006-11-15 | 时准 | High performance fibre nonwoven fabric and mfg. method thereof |
| CN2863417Y (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2007-01-31 | 武汉科技学院 | Nonwoven fabric nonwatertight moisture-keeping template lining |
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| CN203805400U (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2014-09-03 | 浙江金三发非织造布有限公司 | Novel non-woven cloth for gardening |
| CN205884067U (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2017-01-18 | 海门市工业用呢厂 | Plant culture medium blanket |
| CN106676751A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-05-17 | 吉林省华纺静电材料科技有限公司 | Needle-punched nonwoven fabric electrostatic fiber filter screen and manufacturing method thereof |
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Patent Citations (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1733471A (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2006-02-15 | 武汉科技学院 | Nonwoven fabric nonwatertight moisture keeping template lining and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN2863417Y (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2007-01-31 | 武汉科技学院 | Nonwoven fabric nonwatertight moisture-keeping template lining |
| CN1861870A (en) * | 2006-06-22 | 2006-11-15 | 时准 | High performance fibre nonwoven fabric and mfg. method thereof |
| CN101831760A (en) * | 2010-05-27 | 2010-09-15 | 浙江弘扬无纺新材料有限公司 | Production method of meta-position aramid nonwoven material for electric insulation |
| CN203805400U (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2014-09-03 | 浙江金三发非织造布有限公司 | Novel non-woven cloth for gardening |
| CN205884067U (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2017-01-18 | 海门市工业用呢厂 | Plant culture medium blanket |
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