CN108737083A

CN108737083A - A kind of quantum key distribution system, method and apparatus

Info

Publication number: CN108737083A
Application number: CN201710272174.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陆亮亮; 梁文烨
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-04-24
Filing date: 2017-04-24
Publication date: 2018-11-02
Anticipated expiration: 2037-04-24
Also published as: CN108737083B

Abstract

A kind of quantum key distribution system, method and apparatus help to reduce the complexity of quantum key distribution and reduce cost.Wherein the quantum key distribution system includes the first communication equipment, the second communication equipment, third party system, the first measuring apparatus and the second measuring apparatus；First measuring apparatus is responded for the first reception of generation after meeting preset mode in the reception position and the time of reception that determine the reception position of the first photon of the first communication equipment transmission and the third photon of the time of reception and third party system transmission, and the second measuring apparatus is responded for the second reception of generation after meeting preset mode in the reception position and the time of reception that determine the reception position of the second photon of the second communication equipment transmission and the 4th photon of the time of reception and third party system transmission；First communication equipment, the second communication equipment determine bit value according to the phase of photon respectively after receiving the first reception response and the second reception response, and determining bit value are saved as shared quantum key.

Description

A kind of quantum key distribution system, method and apparatus

Technical field

This application involves field of communication technology, more particularly to a kind of quantum key distribution system, method and apparatus.

Background technology

With the development of computer and network technologies, the importance of communication security is growing day by day.For example, when user passes through visitor Family end is sent to bank system of web in the account of input and the communication process of password, and account and close has been intercepted by third party Code, it is possible to cause the loss of user's property, therefore, in order to avoid third party intercepts the information in communication process, need The information of communicating pair is secrecy in communication process.

Shared random key between the communicating pair that quantum key distribution technology passes through generation is to the letter in communication process Breath is encrypted, to ensure that the information of communicating pair is secrecy in communication process.However, the prior art is existing Quantum key distribution system is based on BB84 agreements, is monochromatic light for the quantum signal source of transmission key in BB84 agreements Component, the required key information transmitted is encoded in the polarization state (or polarization direction) of single photon.But due to by The making defect of standard telecommunication fibers itself and the influence of ambient enviroment, can be by random when photon transmits in a fiber Birefringence influences, therefore is disorderly disorder in the polarization state of receiving terminal photon, it is therefore desirable in receiving terminal to the polarization of photon State is corrected, this needs accurate correction algorithm and device, therefore complex in specific implementation, and cost is higher.

Invention content

A kind of quantum key distribution system of the application offer, method and apparatus help to reduce quantum in specific implementation The complexity of key distribution, and reduce cost.

In a first aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a kind of quantum key distribution system, including：First communication equipment, Two communication equipments, third party system, the first measuring apparatus and the second measuring apparatus；Wherein, the first communication equipment is used for first Measuring apparatus sends the first photon；Second communication equipment is used to send the second photon to the second measuring apparatus；Third party system is used In to the first measuring apparatus send third photon, and to the second measuring apparatus send the 4th photon；First measuring apparatus is used for Receive the first photon and third photon, and connecing in the reception position and the time of reception and third photon for determining the first photon After receipts position and the time of reception meet preset mode, generates first and receive response；Second measuring apparatus is for receiving the second photon With the 4th photon, and determine the second photon reception position and the time of reception and the 4th photon reception position and reception After moment meets preset mode, generates second and receive response；First communication equipment is additionally operable to get the first reception response and the After two receive response, according to the phase and preset rules of the first photon, the first bit value is determined, and the first bit value is preserved Shared quantum key between the first communication equipment and the second communication equipment；Second communication equipment, which is additionally operable to get first, to be connect Receive response and second receive response after, according to the phase and preset rules of the second photon, determine the second bit value, and by second Bit value saves as the shared quantum key between the first communication equipment and the second communication equipment, wherein the first bit value and second Bit value is identical.

In the embodiment of the present application, due to determining shared quantum key according to the phase of photon, compared with prior art, Single-photon source is used without limiting, and simplifies control of the measuring apparatus to photon polarization state, therefore is dropped in specific implementation The complexity of low amounts quantum key distribution, and reduce cost.

Based in a first aspect, in one possible implementation, the first communication equipment get the first reception response and After second receives response, the phase sets belonging to the phase of second the first photon of communication equipment are notified, and obtain the second photon Phase belonging to phase sets, and belonging to the phase of the phase sets and the second photon belonging to the phase of the first photon When phase sets are identical, according to the phase and preset rules of the first photon, the first bit value is determined；Second communication equipment obtains After receiving response and the second reception response to first, the phase sets belonging to the phase of first the second photon of communication equipment are notified, And the phase sets belonging to the phase of the first photon of acquisition, and the phase sets belonging to the phase of the second photon and first When phase sets belonging to the phase of photon are identical, according to the phase and preset rules of the second photon, the second bit value is determined.

The first communication equipment and the second communication equipment is enabled to determine the first photon and the second photon by the above method Belong to identical phase sets, to help to improve the correctness of quantum key distribution.

Based in a first aspect, in a kind of possible design, the first communication equipment, the second communication equipment can be according to following Mode determines the first bit value：

First communication equipment is according to the phase of the first photon, according to the correspondence of preconfigured phase and bit value, Determine bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon；First communication equipment belongs to first phase collection in the phase of the first photon When conjunction, it is determined that bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is the first bit value, belongs to second in the phase of the first photon When phase sets, determining bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is overturn to obtain the first bit value；Wherein, Any phase in first phase set the sum of is superimposed with itself is equal to preset desired value, in second phase set The sum of first phase and second phase are equal to desired value, and first phase is any phase in second phase set, second phase Different from first phase；Second communication equipment is according to the phase of the second photon, according to the correspondence of phase and bit value, really Fixed bit value corresponding with the phase of the second photon is the second bit value.

Phase that can be based on photon when determining bit value due to the first communication equipment and the second communication equipment and bit value Correspondence, therefore the mode of determining bit value is simplified, to reduce the complexity of quantum key distribution.

Based in a first aspect, in a kind of possible design, third party system includes third party device, third party device, For sending the 4th photon, third photon and the 4th to the first measuring apparatus transmission third photon, and to the second measuring apparatus Photon forms the photon pair mutually tangled.

Based in a first aspect, in a kind of possible design, the first communication equipment is differed including the first coherent source, first Arm interferometer and first phase modulator, the first unequal arm interferometer include two unequal arms of length, first phase modulation Device is located on one of the first unequal arm interferometer arm；

First coherent source is for generating the first initial photon；First unequal arm interferometer is used for by being equipped with the first phase When the arm of position modulator receives the first initial photon, adjusted by the phase of the first initial photon of first phase modulator pair The first photon is obtained after system, and sends the first photon to the first measuring apparatus；In the arm by not being equipped with first phase modulator When receiving the first initial photon, then using the first initial photon as the first photon, the first photon is sent to the first measuring apparatus；

Second communication equipment includes the second coherent source, the second unequal arm interferometer and second phase modulator, and second is not Equiarm interferometer includes two unequal arms of length, and second phase modulator is located at wherein the one of the second unequal arm interferometer On a arm；

Second coherent source is for generating the second initial photon；Second unequal arm interferometer is used for by being equipped with the second phase When the arm of position modulator receives the second initial photon, then carried out by the phase of the second initial photon of second phase modulator pair The second photon is obtained after modulation, and sends the second photon to the second measuring apparatus；By not being equipped with second phase modulator When arm receives the second initial photon, then using the second initial photon as the second photon, the second light is sent to the second measuring apparatus Son；

Third party device includes that time case tangles source and beam splitter, wherein time case tangles source for generated time The photon pair tangled；Wherein photon is passed through by the long-armed and galianconism of the first unequal arm interferometer corresponding time difference, photon Cross the second unequal arm interferometer long-armed time difference corresponding with galianconism and generate photon pair two different moments when Between difference it is identical；After beam splitter is used for the photon of reception to being split, the of photon centering is sent to the first measuring apparatus Three-photon, and the 4th photon to the transmission photon centering of the second measuring apparatus.

Based on first aspect in a kind of possible design, third party system includes the first third party device, the second third Method, apparatus and third measuring apparatus；Wherein, the first third party device is sent out for generating the first photon pair to the first measuring apparatus The third photon for sending the first photon centering sends the 5th photon of the first photon centering to third measuring apparatus；Second third party Equipment sends the 4th photon of the second photon centering to the second measuring apparatus, is set to third measurement for generating the second photon pair Preparation send the 6th photon of the second photon centering；Third measuring apparatus is used to receive the 5th photon and the 6th photon, and in determination After the reception position of 5th photon and the reception position and the time of reception of the time of reception and the 6th photon meet preset mode, It generates third and receives response；First communication equipment gets the first reception response, the second reception response and third and receives response Afterwards, according to the phase and preset rules of the first photon, the first bit value is determined；Second communication equipment gets the first reception sound It answers, after the second reception response and third reception response, according to the phase and preset rules of the second photon, determines the second bit value.

Based on first aspect.In a kind of possible design, the first communication equipment, the second communication equipment can be respectively under Row mode gets the first reception response and second and receives response：

Response is received when the first measuring apparatus sends first to the first communication equipment and the second communication equipment, the second measurement is set Standby to send the second reception response to the first communication equipment and the second communication equipment, then the first communication equipment is surveyed by receiving first It measures equipment is sent first and receives response, and receive the second measuring apparatus is sent second and receive response to get first It receiving response and receives response with second, the second communication equipment is responded by receiving the first reception that the first measuring apparatus is sent, with And it receives the second reception response that the second measuring apparatus is sent and receives response to get the first reception response and second；When One measuring apparatus sends first to the first communication equipment and receives response, and the second measuring apparatus sends second to the second communication equipment When receiving response, the first communication equipment is sent out by receiving the first reception response, the second communication equipment that the first measuring apparatus is sent Second sent receives response and is responded to get the first reception response and the second reception, wherein the first communication equipment is receiving After first reception response, sends first to the second communication equipment and receive response, the second communication equipment is measured by reception second and set What preparation was sent second receive response, first that the first communication equipment is sent receives response to get the first reception response and the Two receive response, are received wherein the second communication equipment sends second after receiving the second reception response, to the first communication equipment Response；Response is received when the first measuring apparatus sends first to the first communication equipment, the second measuring apparatus is to the first communication equipment When sending the second reception response, the first communication equipment receives response, Yi Ji by receiving the first of the transmission of the first measuring apparatus The second reception response that two measuring apparatus are sent receives response to get the first reception response and second, wherein the first communication Equipment receive the first reception response and second receive response after, send first to the second communication equipment and receive response and the Two receive response, and the second communication equipment receives response by receiving the first reception response and second of the first communication equipment transmission Response is received to get the first reception response and second.

Due to that can pass through between the first measuring apparatus, the second measuring apparatus, the first communication equipment and the second communication equipment Communication network is in communication with each other, therefore no matter which the first measuring apparatus, the second measuring apparatus be sent to response is received and lead to Believe in equipment, response can be received by communication network to get between communication equipment, herein without limiting.

Based in a first aspect, in a kind of possible design, the first measuring apparatus includes the first smooth beam splitting of Two In and Two Out Device and two the first detectors；Two input terminals of the first beam splitter connect with the first communication equipment, third party system respectively It connects, two output ends of the first beam splitter are connect with two the first detectors respectively；Second measuring apparatus includes Two In and Two Out The second beam splitter and two the second detectors, two input terminals of the second beam splitter respectively with the second communication equipment, Three method, systems connect, and two output ends of the first beam splitter are connect with two the first detectors respectively；

Wherein, preset mode is a detector in two detectors included by measuring apparatus when two different It is respectively received a photon quarter, it by communication equipment includes not that time difference at the time of two of which difference, which is photon, Generated time difference when the unequal arm of two length of equiarm interferometer.

Specifically, the first measuring apparatus is determining first detector in passing through two the first detectors at two not With at the time of receive the first photon and third photon when, generate first and receive response, time at the time of two of which difference Generated time difference when poor arm unequal by two length for photon；Second measuring apparatus is being determined by two the When second detector in two detectors receives the second photon and four photons at the time of two differences, the is generated Two receive response, and time difference at the time of two of which difference is generated when being unequal by the two length arm of photon Time difference.

Based in a first aspect, in a kind of possible design, the first communication equipment, the second communication equipment are respectively an end End equipment.

Second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provide a kind of quantum key delivering method, including：

First communication equipment sends the first photon to the first measuring apparatus；And it gets the first reception response and second and receives After response, according to the phase and preset rules of the first photon, the first bit value is determined, and the first bit value is saved as first Shared quantum key between communication equipment and the second communication equipment；

Wherein first receive response be the first measuring apparatus in the reception position and the time of reception for determining the first photon and The reception position of third photon and the time of reception, which meet, to be generated after preset mode, and second to receive response be the second measuring apparatus Meet in the reception position for receiving position and the time of reception and third photon and the time of reception for determining the second photon default It is generated after pattern, the second photon is that the second communication equipment is sent to the second measuring apparatus, and third photon is third party system It is sent to the first measuring apparatus, the 4th photon is that third party system is sent to the second measuring apparatus.

Based on second aspect, in a kind of possible design, the first communication equipment gets the first reception response and second After receiving response, the phase sets belonging to the phase of second the first photon of communication equipment are notified, and obtain the phase of the second photon Phase sets belonging to position, and the phase belonging to the phase of the phase sets and the second photon belonging to the phase of the first photon When gathering identical, according to the phase of the first photon, preset rules is based on, determine the first bit value.

Based on second aspect, in a kind of possible design, the first communication equipment is according to the phase of the first photon, according to pre- The correspondence of the phase and bit value that first configure determines bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon；In the first photon When phase belongs to first phase set, it is determined that bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is the first bit value, first When the phase of photon belongs to second phase set, determining bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon overturn To the first bit value；Wherein, any phase in first phase set the sum of is superimposed with itself is equal to preset target It is worth, the sum of first phase and second phase in second phase set are equal to desired value, and first phase is in second phase set Any phase, second phase be different from second phase；Alternatively, phase of first communication equipment according to the first photon, according to phase The correspondence of position and bit value determines that bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is the first bit value.

Based on second aspect, in a kind of possible design, third party system includes third party device, and third photon is Three method, apparatus are sent to the first measuring apparatus, and the 4th photon is that third party device is sent to the second measuring apparatus, third light Son and the 4th photon form the photon pair mutually tangled.

Based on second aspect, in a kind of possible design, third party system includes the first third party device, the second third Method, apparatus and third measuring apparatus；

Then the first communication equipment get the first reception response, second receive response and third receive response after, according to The phase and preset rules of first photon determine the first bit value, and wherein third reception response is third measuring apparatus in determination The reception position of the 5th photon and time of reception, the reception position of the 6th photon and time of reception generate after meeting preset mode , third photon is that the first third party device is sent to the first measuring apparatus, and the 5th photon is that the first third party device is sent To third measuring apparatus, the second third party device is sent to the second measuring apparatus when four photons, and the 6th photon is second Third party device is sent to third measuring apparatus.

Based on second aspect, in a kind of possible design, the first communication equipment can get first based on following manner It receives response and second and receives response：

First communication equipment is sent by receiving the first reception response, the second measuring apparatus that the first measuring apparatus is sent Second receives response responds to get the first reception response and the second reception；Alternatively, the first communication equipment is by receiving first The second of the first reception response, the transmission of the second communication equipment that measuring apparatus is sent receives response to get the first reception sound Response should be received with second；Alternatively, the first communication equipment sent by receiving the second communication equipment first receive response and the Two receive response responds to get the first reception response and the second reception.

In addition, when the first communication equipment is set by receiving the first reception response, the second communication that the first measuring apparatus is sent When the second reception response that preparation is sent responds to get the first reception response with the second reception, the first communication equipment is receiving After receiving response to the first measuring apparatus is sent first, sends second to the second communication equipment and receive response.

Based on second aspect, in a kind of possible design, preset mode is two detectors included by measuring apparatus In a detector be respectively received a photon at the time of two differences, and the time difference at two moment is photon warp Spend the time difference caused by two unequal arms of length of the unequal arm interferometer that communication equipment includes.

The third aspect provides a kind of communication equipment, including：Sending module, receiving module and processing module, wherein sending Module is used to send the first photon to the first measuring apparatus；Receiving module is rung for obtaining first and receiving response and received with second It answers；After processing module is for determining that receiving module gets the first reception response and the second reception response, according to the first photon Phase and preset rules determine the first bit value, and the first bit value are saved as between the communication equipment and another communication equipment Shared quantum key；Wherein first reception response is the first measuring apparatus in the reception position and reception for determining the first photon The reception position and the time of reception of moment and third photon, which meet, to be generated after preset mode, and second to receive response be second Reception position and the time of reception of the measuring apparatus in the reception position and the time of reception and the 4th photon for determining the second photon Meet and generate after preset mode, the second photon is that another communication equipment is sent to the second measuring apparatus, and third photon is Three method, systems are sent to the first measuring apparatus, and third party system is sent to the second measuring apparatus when four photons.

Based on the third aspect, in a kind of possible design, processing module is determining that receiving module gets the first reception After response and the second reception response, triggering sending module notifies the phase set belonging to the phase of the first photon of another communication equipment It closes, and triggering receiving module obtains the phase sets belonging to the phase of the second photon, and belonging to the phase of the first photon When phase sets belonging to phase of the phase sets with the second photon are identical, according to the phase and preset rules of the first photon, really Fixed first bit value.

Based on the third aspect, in a kind of possible design, processing module is according to the phase of the first photon, according to matching in advance The correspondence of the phase and bit value set determines bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon；In the phase of the first photon When belonging to first phase set, it is determined that bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is the first bit value, in the first photon Phase when belonging to second phase set, determining bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is overturn to obtain One bit value；Wherein, any phase in first phase set the sum of is superimposed with itself is equal to preset desired value, the The sum of first phase and second phase in two phase set are equal to desired value, and first phase is appointing in second phase set One phase, second phase are different from first phase；Alternatively, according to the phase of the first photon, it is corresponding with bit value according to phase Relationship determines that bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is the first bit value.

Based on the third aspect, in a kind of possible design, third party system includes the first third party device, the second third Method, apparatus and third measuring apparatus；Then processing module is determining that receiving module gets the first reception response, the second reception responds After receiving response with third, according to the phase and preset rules of the first photon, the first bit value is determined, wherein third, which receives, rings Should be third measuring apparatus determine the 5th photon the reception position and time of reception, the reception position of the 6th photon and reception Moment, which meets, to be generated after preset mode, and third photon is that the first third party device is sent to the first measuring apparatus, the 5th light Son is that the first third party device is sent to third measuring apparatus, and the 4th photon is that the second third party device is sent to the second survey Equipment is measured, the 6th photon is that the second third party device is sent to third measuring apparatus.

Based on the third aspect, in a kind of possible design, receiving module can get the first reception based on following manner Response and second receives response：

Receiving module is by receiving the second of the first reception response that the first measuring apparatus is sent, the transmission of the second measuring apparatus It receives response and is responded to get the first reception response and the second reception；Alternatively, sent by receiving the first measuring apparatus the One receives response, second that the second communication equipment is sent receives response and receive response to get the first reception response and second； Alternatively, being rung by receiving the first of the transmission of the second communication equipment and receiving response and receive to respond with second to get the first reception Response should be received with second.

In addition, when receiving module is sent out by receiving the first reception response, the second communication equipment that the first measuring apparatus is sent Second sent receives response come when getting the first reception response and the second reception response, processing module determines that receiving module exists After the first reception response for receiving the transmission of the first measuring apparatus, triggering sending module sends second to the second communication equipment and connects Receive response.

Based on the third aspect, in a kind of possible design, preset mode is two detectors included by measuring apparatus In a detector be respectively received a photon at the time of two differences, and the time difference at two moment is photon warp Spend the time difference caused by two unequal arms of length of the unequal arm interferometer that communication equipment includes.

Fourth aspect, the embodiment of the present application provide a kind of communication equipment, including transceiver, processor and memory, institute Transceiver is stated for sending and receiving signal, the memory is for storing software program etc., and the processor is for reading institute It states the software program stored in memory and data and realizes any one realization method of second aspect or above-mentioned second aspect The method of offer.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application quantum key distribution system；

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application quantum key distribution system；

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application quantum key distribution system；

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application quantum key distribution system；

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application quantum key distribution system；

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application quantum key distribution system；

Fig. 7 is the flow diagram of the embodiment of the present application quantum key delivering method；

Fig. 8 is the flow diagram for the method that the embodiment of the present application generates response；

Fig. 9 a and Fig. 9 b are respectively the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application communication equipment；

Figure 10 a and Figure 10 b are respectively the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application measuring apparatus.

Specific implementation mode

The application is described in further detail below in conjunction with attached drawing.

As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the present application quantum key distribution system 100, including the first communication equipment 110, second are logical Believe equipment 120, third party system 130, the first measuring apparatus 140 and the second measuring apparatus 150, wherein：

First communication equipment 110, for sending the first photon to the first measuring apparatus 140；

Second communication equipment 120, for sending the second photon to the second measuring apparatus 150；

Third party system 130, for sending third photon to the first measuring apparatus 140, and to the second measuring apparatus 150 Send the 4th photon；

First measuring apparatus 140, for receiving the first photon and third photon, and in the reception position for determining the first photon After meeting preset mode with the reception position and the time of reception of the time of reception and third photon, generates first and receive response；

Wherein, it should be noted that the first measuring apparatus 140 in the reception position of the first photon and the time of reception and When the reception position of third photon and the time of reception are unsatisfactory for preset mode, the first reception response or first can not be generated Measuring apparatus 140 the reception position and the time of reception for receiving position and the time of reception and third photon of the first photon not It when meeting preset mode, generates and is different from the first response for receiving response, for example, it is assumed that the first reception response is referred to bit 1 Show, is then unsatisfactory in the reception position and the time of reception of the reception position of the first photon and the time of reception and third photon pre- If when pattern, the reception response of generation can use bit 0 to indicate.

Second measuring apparatus 150, for receiving the second photon and the 4th photon, and in the reception position for determining the second photon After meeting preset mode with the reception position and the time of reception of the time of reception and the 4th photon, generates second and receive response；

Wherein, it should be noted that the second measuring apparatus 150 in the reception position of the second photon and the time of reception and When the reception position of 4th photon and the time of reception are unsatisfactory for preset mode, the second reception response or second can not be generated Measuring apparatus 150 the reception position and the time of reception for receiving position and the time of reception and the 4th photon of the second photon not It when meeting preset mode, generates and is different from the second response for receiving response, for example, it is assumed that the second reception response is referred to bit 1 Show, is then unsatisfactory in the reception position and the time of reception of the reception position of the second photon and the time of reception and the 4th photon pre- If when pattern, the reception response of generation can use bit 0 to indicate.

First communication equipment 110, after getting the first reception response and the second reception response, according to the first photon Phase and preset rules determine the first bit value, and the first bit value are saved as the communication of the first communication equipment 110 and second Shared quantum key between equipment 120；

Second communication equipment 120 is additionally operable to after getting the first reception response and the second reception response, according to the second photon Phase and preset rules, determine the second bit value, by the second bit value save as the first communication equipment 110 and second communication Shared quantum key between equipment 120, wherein the first bit value and the second bit value are identical.

It is connect it should be noted that the first communication equipment 110 and the second communication equipment 120 can be based on following manner acquisition first It receives response and second and receives response：

Response is received when the first measuring apparatus 140 sends first to the first communication equipment 110, when the second measuring apparatus 150 To the second communication equipment 120 send second receive response when, the first communication equipment 110 receive the first reception response after, to Second communication equipment 120 sends second and receives response, and the second communication equipment 120 is after receiving the second reception response, to first The transmission of communication equipment 110 second receives response, when the first communication equipment 110 is receiving the first reception response and the second reception After response, the first bit value is determined according to the phase of the first photon and preset rules, when the second communication equipment 120 is receiving After first receives response and the second reception response, the second bit value is determined according to the phase of the second photon and preset rules.

In addition, being sent respectively to 110 He of the first communication equipment when the first measuring apparatus 140 can also receive response by first Second communication equipment 120 and the second measuring apparatus 150 receive response by second respectively and are sent respectively to the first communication equipment 110 and second communication equipment 120；Alternatively, the first measuring apparatus 140 receives response by first is sent to the second communication equipment 120, the second measuring apparatus 150 receives response by second and is sent to the second communication equipment 120, and the second communication equipment 120 is receiving After receiving response and the second reception response to first, receives response by first and the second reception response is sent to the first communication and sets Standby 110；Alternatively, the first measuring apparatus 140 receives response by first is sent to the first communication equipment 110, the second measuring apparatus 150 receive response by second is sent to the first communication equipment 110, the first communication equipment 110 receive the first reception response and After second receives response, the first reception response and second are received into response and are sent to the second communication equipment 120.In the application reality It applies in example, does not limit the first communication equipment 110 and the second communication equipment 120 receives the first reception response and the second reception responds Mode.

Exemplary, the first communication equipment 110 and the second communication equipment 120 can determine that shared quantum is close as follows Key：

First communication equipment 110 is closed according to the phase of the first photon according to preconfigured phase is corresponding with bit value System determines corresponding with the phase of the first photon bit value, when the phase of the first photon of the first communication equipment 110 belongs to the When one phase sets, determines that the corresponding bit value of the phase of the first photon is the first bit value, belong in the phase of the first photon When second phase set, the corresponding bit value of phase of the first determining photon is overturn to obtain the first bit value, wherein Any phase the sum of is superimposed with itself in first phase set is equal to preset desired value, and the in second phase set The sum of one phase and second phase are equal to desired value, and first phase is any phase in second phase set, and second phase is not It is same as first phase；Second communication equipment 120 is according to the phase of the second photon, according to the correspondence of phase and bit value, really Fixed bit value corresponding with the second photon is the second bit value.

For example, the correspondence of preconfigured phase and bit value is as shown in table 1：

Table 1

Phase	Bit value
		0	0
π	1
		π/2	0
3π/2	1

Wherein assume that desired value is 0 or 2 π, then first phase collection is combined into { 0, π }；Second phase collection is combined into { pi/2,3 pi/2s }, If the phase of the first photon is 0, the first bit value is 0, if the phase of the first photon is pi/2, due to the corresponding bit of pi/2 It is 1 that value, which be after 0,0 overturning, then the first bit value is 1, wherein the sum of phase of the phase of the first photon and the second photon is mesh Scale value, the phase of the first photon are identical as the phase sets belonging to the phase of the second photon.

The phase sets phase belonging to phase of the phase sets with the second photon described in phase in order to ensure the first photon Together, the first communication equipment 110 get the first reception response and second receive response after, notify the second communication equipment 120 the Phase sets belonging to the phase of one photon obtain the phase sets belonging to the phase of the second photon, are determining the first photon When the phase sets belonging to phase of the phase sets with the second photon belonging to phase are identical, according to the phase of the first photon and Preset rules determine the first bit value；Second communication equipment 120 get the first reception response and second receive response after, It notifies the phase sets belonging to the phase of 110 second photon of the first communication equipment, obtains the phase belonging to the phase of the first photon Set, when the phase sets belonging to phase of the phase sets with the first photon belonging to the phase for determining the second photon are identical, The second bit value is determined according to the phase of the second photon and preset rules.

Wherein, the first communication equipment 110 notifies the phase sets belonging to the phase of 120 first photon of the second communication equipment, Under type such as can be based on to notify：

By taking table 1 as an example, phase sets belonging to the phase of the first photon are { 0, π }, then send the to the second communication equipment One instruction information, wherein the first instruction information can be bit value, or sequence or the first instruction information can be straight The phase sets { 0, π } belonging to the phase of the first photon are connected in, are not limited herein.When the phase belonging to the phase of the first photon Position collection sends the second instruction information when being combined into { pi/2,3 pi/2s }, to the second communication equipment, wherein the second instruction information is different from the One instruction information, if the first instruction information is indicated with bit value 1, the second instruction information can use bit value 0 to indicate, alternatively, First instruction information indicates that the second instruction information uses the second sequence different from First ray to indicate with First ray, alternatively, Second instruction information can directly be the phase sets { pi/2,3 pi/2s } belonging to the phase of the first photon, not limit herein.The Two communication equipments can obtain the phase sets belonging to the phase of the first photon as follows：When the second communication equipment receives When to the first instruction information, it is determined that the phase sets belonging to the phase of the first photon are { 0, π }, when the second communication equipment connects When receiving the second instruction information, it is determined that the phase sets belonging to the phase of the first photon are { pi/2,3 pi/2s }.Second communication is set The standby mode for notifying the phase sets belonging to the phase of first the second photon of communication equipment notifies that second is logical with the first communication equipment Believe that the mode of the phase sets belonging to the phase of the first photon of equipment is similar, details are not described herein；Second communication equipment obtains the The mode of phase sets belonging to the phase of one photon obtains the phase set belonging to the phase of the second photon with the first communication equipment The mode of conjunction is similar, and details are not described herein.

Furthermore, it is necessary to explanation, as shown in Fig. 2, third party system 130 includes third party device, wherein by third Method, apparatus sends third photon to the first measuring apparatus 140, and the 4th photon, wherein third light are sent to the second measuring apparatus 150 Son and the 4th photon form the photon pair mutually tangled.Optionally, third party system 130 is third party device.

As shown in figure 3, when third party system 130 includes third party device, the first communication equipment 110 includes first relevant Light source 1101, the first unequal arm interferometer 1102 and first phase modulator 1103, wherein the first unequal arm interferometer 1102 Including two unequal arms of length, first phase modulator 1103 is located at 1102 one of arm of the first unequal arm interferometer On；

First coherent source 1101, for generating the first initial photon；

First unequal arm interferometer 1102, for receiving first initially by being equipped with the arm of first phase modulator 1103 When photon, the first photon is obtained after being modulated to the phase of the first initial photon by first phase modulator 1103, and to First measuring apparatus 140 sends the first photon；The first initial light is received in the arm by not being equipped with first phase modulator 1103 The period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m sends the first photon using the first initial photon as the first photon to the first measuring apparatus 140.

Second communication equipment 120 includes the second coherent source 1201, the second unequal arm interferometer 1202 and second phase tune Device 1203 processed, wherein the second unequal arm interferometer 1202 includes two unequal arms of length, second phase modulator 1203 In on 1202 one of arm of the second unequal arm interferometer；

Second coherent source 1201, for generating the second initial photon；

Second unequal arm interferometer 1202, for receiving second initially by being equipped with the arm of second phase modulator 1203 When photon, the second photon is obtained after being modulated to the phase of the first initial photon by second phase modulator 1203, and to Second measuring apparatus 150 sends the second photon；The second initial light is received in the arm by not being equipped with second phase modulator 1203 The period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m sends the second photon using the second initial photon as the second photon to the second measuring apparatus 150；

Third equipment includes that time case tangles source 1301 and beam splitter 1302；

Time case tangles photon pair of the source 1301 for being tangled on generated time, and sends photon to beam splitter 1302 Right, the two different moments corresponding time difference and photon for generating photon pair pass through 1102 long galianconism of the first unequal arm interferometer Time difference, photon by 1202 long galianconism of the second unequal arm interferometer time difference it is identical；

Beam splitter 1303, for the photon to reception to being split after, to the first measuring apparatus 140 send third light Son sends the 4th photon to the second measuring apparatus 150.

Since first phase modulator 1103 can be located on the galianconism of the first unequal arm interferometer 1102, can also be located at First unequal arm interferometer 1102 it is long-armed on, second phase modulator 1203 can be located at the second unequal arm interferometer 1202 Galianconism on, can also be located at the first unequal arm interferometer 1102 it is long-armed on, no matter phase-modulator be located at unequal arm interferes The realization method of the embodiment of the present application is not influenced on which arm of instrument.

It should be understood that the first coherent source and the second coherent source can be laser in the embodiment of the present application.

It is located at below with first phase modulator 1103 on the galianconism of first unequal arm interferometer 1102, second phase modulation Device 1203 is introduced for being located on the galianconism of the second unequal arm interferometer 1202.

Specifically, first phase modulator 1103 is located at the first unequal arm in quantum key distribution system shown in Fig. 3 On the galianconism of interferometer 1102, second phase modulator 1203 is located on the galianconism of the second unequal arm interferometer 1202, wherein the One phase-modulator 1103 is identical with the phase modulation of second phase modulator 1203, it is assumed that 1103 He of first phase modulator The phase modulation of second phase modulator 1203 is respectively 0, π, pi/2 and 3 pi/2s, since the photon state of the first photon isθ_aPhase modulation for indicating first phase modulator 1103；The photon state of second photon isθ_bPhase modulation for indicating second phase modulator 1203, third photon and the 4th light are molecular The photon state function of photon pair be (| t₂>_s|t₂>_i+|t₁>_s|t₁>_i), wherein t₁For indicating that photon reaches detection by galianconism At the time of device, t₂At the time of for indicating that photon passes through long-armed arrival detector, subscript a is for indicating the first photon, subscript b For indicating the second photon, subscript s is for indicating third photon, and subscript i is for indicating the 4th photon, therefore, the first photon, The whole state function of second photon and photon pair can be expressed as the first communication equipment, the second communication equipment and third party device The direct product state of photon state:

When the first measuring apparatus 140 includes the first beam splitter BS1 and the first detector D1, the first detection of Two In and Two Out Device D2, the second measuring apparatus 150 include the second beam splitter BS2 and the second detector D3, the second detector D4 of Two In and Two Out When, wherein two input terminals of the first beam splitter BS1 are connect with the first communication equipment 110, third party device respectively, and first Two output ends of beam splitter BS1 are connect with the first detector D1, the first detector D2 respectively, the second beam splitter BS2's Two input terminals are connect with the second communication equipment 120, third party device respectively, two output ends point of the second beam splitter BS2 It is not connect with the second detector D3, the second detector D4.

Since detector can not usually distinguish photon number, ignore two-Photon Interference, i.e. two photon pair interference terms, I.e. two photon synchronizations reach the event of same detector simultaneously, consider that whole state function is passing through the first beam splitter The wavefonn evolution of BS1 and the second light beam device BS2 arrive the same detector in the first measuring apparatus 140 in two receptions For photon as successful probe response events, the time difference at two of which moment is (t₂-t₁), then the successful probe response events pair The quantum state answered is：

It is rung it should be noted that the first measuring apparatus generates first and receives response and the second measuring apparatus and generate second and receive It should include following situations：

|D2,t₂〉|D2,t₁〉|D4,t₂〉|D4,t₁〉、|D2,t₂〉|D2,t₁>|D3,t₂>|D3,t₁>、|D1,t₂>|D1,t₁> |D4,t₂>|D4,t₁>With | D1, t₂>|D1,t₁>|D3,t₂>|D3,t₁>；

Wherein, | D2, t₂>The case where the first detector D2 is received when for indicating that photon passes through galianconism；|D2,t₁> is used for Indicate the case where first detector D2 is received when photon passes through long-armed；|D4,t₂Second when > is for indicating that photon passes through galianconism The case where detector D4 is received；|D4,t₁>The case where second detector D4 is received when for indicating that photon passes through long-armed；| D1,t₂>The case where the first detector D1 is received when for indicating that photon passes through galianconism；|D1,t₁>For indicating that photon passes through The case where first detector D1 is received when long-armed；|D3,t₂>The second detector D3 is received when for indicating that photon passes through galianconism To the case where； |D3,t₁The case where second detector D3 is received when > is for indicating that photon passes through long-armed.

Therefore, because the phase modulation of first phase modulator and second phase modulator is 0, π, pi/2 and 3 pi/2s, in order to Enable to the first detector D1 can be in t₁Reception to the first photon, in t₂Reception is to third photon, Huo Zhe One detector D1 can be in t₁Reception to third photon, in t₂Reception is to the first photon, alternatively, the first detector D2 It can be in t₁Reception to the first photon, in t₂Reception can be in t to third photon or the first detector D2₁When Receive third photon quarter, in t₂Reception receives response and the second detector to the first photon, to generate first D3 can be in t₁Reception to the second photon, in t₂Reception can be in t to the 4th photon or the second detector D3₁ Reception to the 4th photon, in t₂Reception is to the second photon, alternatively, the second detector D4 can be in t₁Reception arrives Second photon, in t₂Reception can be in t to the 4th photon or the second detector D4₁Reception to the 4th photon, t₂Reception receives response to the 4th photon, to generate second, then θ_a+θ_b=0 or 2 π, could makeNo It is 0, such as when the first detector D1 is in t₁Reception to third photon, in t₂First is generated when reception is to the first photon Response is received, if the phase of the first photon is θ_a=0, then the phase of the second photon is also θ_bWhen=0, exist in the second detector D2 t₁Reception to the second photon, in t₂Reception is responded to the second reception is generated when four photons.

Optionally, preset mode is a spy in two detectors included by measuring apparatus in the embodiment of the present application It surveys device and is respectively received a photon at the time of two differences, time difference at the time of two of which difference is photon process Generated time difference when the unequal arm of two length.

Specifically, first detector of first measuring apparatus 140 in determining through described two first detectors When receiving first photon and the third photon at the time of two differences, generates described first and receive response, wherein Time difference at the time of two differences generated time difference when being unequal by the two length arm of photon；Second measures Equipment 150 receives second at the time of determining through second detector in two the second detectors in two differences It when photon and four photons, generates second and receives response, time difference at the time of two of which difference is photon by two long Spend generated time difference when unequal arm.

By taking the correspondence of phase and bit value shown in table 1 as an example, then illustrate that the first communication equipment 110 and second communicates Equipment 120 determines the detailed process for sharing quantum key.As shown in table 2, the phase theta of the first photon_aWith the phase of the second photon θ_bWith the correspondence of bit value.

Table 2

By taking table 2 as an example, work as θ_aAnd θ_bAll at first phase set { 0, π }, the first communication equipment and the second communication equipment are same When receive the first reception response and second receive respond, if θ_a=0, then the first communication equipment determine the first bit value be 0, And the second communication equipment θ_b=0, therefore, the second bit value that the second communication equipment determines also is 0, to which 0 is the first communication Quantum shared key between equipment and the second communication equipment, if θ_a=pi/2, then θ_b=3 pi/2s, and due to the corresponding bit value of pi/2 It is 0, and the corresponding bit value of 3 pi/2s is 1, it is therefore desirable to the first communication equipment and the one of ratio determined of the second communication equipment Paricular value is overturn, so that the second ratio that the first bit value and the second communication equipment that the first communication equipment determines determine Paricular value is identical, can specifically provide to be specifically which is logical in the first communication equipment and the second communication equipment in preset rules Letter equipment carries out bit value overturning or the first communication equipment and the second communication equipment and is held consultation come really by communication network Surely it is which communication equipment is overturn, does not limit herein.

It should be noted that third photon can be the signal photon for the photon centering tangled on the time, the 4th photon can Think the idle photon for the photon centering tangled on the time, additionally can directly be configured in third party device laser and Unequal arm interferometer generates the photon mutually tangled in time to (also known as a pair of time-bin entangled photons).

Exemplary, the photon pair tangled in time can be with the good time interval of predefined (such as (t₂-t₁)) two laser Pulse pump nonlinear crystal generates photon pair, cannot be distinguished in time photon to be previous pumping pulse generate or It is generated by the latter pumping pulse, thus generates a pair of of photon undistinguishable in time.It in addition to this, can also throughput The systems such as sub- point, diamond colour center generate a pair of time-bin entangled photons.

Specifically, the first measuring apparatus and the second measuring apparatus in the embodiment of the present application can be respectively base station or Other network equipments, the first communication equipment and the second communication equipment can be respectively terminal device, such as smart mobile phone, desktop Brain, tablet computer, laptop etc., as shown in figure 4, the first measuring apparatus is connected with the second measuring apparatus by backbone network, First communication equipment and the second communication equipment are located in respective LAN, when the first communication equipment and the second communication are set When being communicated between standby, it is transmitted after directly information can be encrypted by shared quantum key, to realize Secret communication.In this way under the premise of ensureing secure communication, the user that may be implemented in two Different LANs networks is remote Quantum key distribution, and the process of entire quantum key distribution is not depended on whether intermediate equipment is safe, it is only necessary to it communicates The respective site safety of both sides is reliable, can be very good to be applied in intercity quantum communications or backbone network.

In addition, in real network, in order to the first communication equipment and the second communication equipment are placed in safe ground Side, as operator computer room in, therefore in the embodiment of the present application consider the first communication equipment and the second communication equipment peace Quan Xing realizes more remote quantum key distribution process, the first communication equipment and the second communication equipment in Different LANs network Can be base station or other network equipments, quantum key distribution system as shown in Figure 5, when the first communication equipment and second After communication equipment generates shared quantum key, communicated respectively in the terminal device and second where the first communication equipment in cell When terminal device where equipment in cell is communicated, issues shared quantum key to terminal device and information is encrypted, to Realize the secrecy of communication process.

In addition, the technical solution of quantum key distribution system as shown in Figure 2 can expand to quantum key as shown in Figure 6 Dissemination system, quantum key distribution system as shown in FIG. 6 are measured including the first communication equipment, the second communication equipment, first and are set Standby, the second measuring apparatus and third system, with quantum key distribution system as shown in Figure 2 the difference is that third system Include the first third party device, the second third party device and third measuring apparatus；Wherein, the first third party device, for giving birth to At the first photon pair, the third photon of the first photon centering is sent to the first measuring apparatus, and first is sent to third measuring apparatus 5th photon of photon centering；

Second third party device sends the of the second photon centering for generating the second photon pair to the second measuring apparatus Four photons send the 6th photon of the second photon centering to third measuring apparatus；

Third measuring apparatus, for receiving the 5th photon and the 6th photon, and in the reception position for determining the 5th photon and After the reception position and the time of reception of the time of reception and the 6th photon meet preset mode, generates third and receive response；

The first bit value is determined with the first communication equipment in Fig. 2 the difference is that the first communication equipment in Fig. 6 exists It gets the first reception response, the second reception response and third to receive after responding, according to the phase of the first photon and presets rule Then, the first bit value is determined；

The first bit value is determined with the first communication equipment in Fig. 2 the difference is that the second communication equipment in Fig. 6 exists It gets the first reception response, the second reception response and third to receive after responding, according to the phase of the second photon and presets rule Then, the second bit value is determined.

In addition, quantum key shown in fig. 6 specific distribution procedure and obtain receive response mode, preset mode, Preset rules etc. are similar with quantum key system as shown in Figure 2, and this is no longer going to repeat them.

It should be noted that the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can be extended to more third party devices and measurement Equipment, to realize the quantum key distribution of longer distance.

It should also be noted that, the arrow in the embodiment of the present application in Fig. 1~quantum key shown in fig. 6 communication system refers to To the transmission direction for referring to photon, Fig. 1~quantum key shown in fig. 6 communication system includes in the embodiment of the present application Each equipment between can pass through communication network such as LAN, wide area network etc. realize information (such as first receive response, second Receive response, third receives response, instruction information etc.) between be in communication with each other.

Based on same design, quantum key delivering method as shown in Figure 7 is additionally provided in the embodiment of the present application, due to this Apply for that the corresponding quantum key distribution system of quantum key delivering method as shown in Figure 7 in embodiment is implemented for the application Such as quantum key distribution system shown in Fig. 1, therefore the embodiment of the present application quantum key delivering method as shown in Figure 7 Implementation may refer to the implementation of quantum key distribution system as shown in Figure 1, and overlaps will not be repeated.

As shown in fig. 7, the embodiment of the present application provides a kind of quantum key delivering method, including：

Step 700, the first communication equipment sends the first photon to the first measuring apparatus；

Step 710, the first communication equipment is after getting the first reception response and the second reception response, according to the first photon Phase and preset rules, determine the first bit value, and the first bit value is saved as into the first communication equipment and the second communication is set Shared quantum key between standby；

Wherein first receive response be the first measuring apparatus in the reception position and the time of reception for determining the first photon and The reception position of third photon and the time of reception, which meet, to be generated after preset mode, and second to receive response be the second measuring apparatus Meet in the reception position for receiving position and the time of reception and the 4th photon and the time of reception for determining the second photon default It is generated after pattern, the second photon is that the second communication equipment is sent to the second measuring apparatus, and third photon is third party system It is sent to the first measuring apparatus, the 4th photon is that third party system is sent to the second measuring apparatus.

In a kind of possible design, the first communication equipment get the first reception response and second receive response after, It notifies the phase sets belonging to the phase of second the first photon of communication equipment, and obtains the phase belonging to the phase of the second photon Position set, and when phase sets belonging to phase of the phase sets belonging to the phase of the first photon with the second photon are identical, According to the phase of the first photon, preset rules are based on, determine the first bit value.

In a kind of possible design, the first communication equipment is according to the phase of the first photon, according to preconfigured phase With the correspondence of bit value, bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is determined；Belong to first in the phase of the first photon When phase sets, it is determined that bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is the first bit value, in the phase category of the first photon When second phase set, determining bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is overturn to obtain the first bit value； Wherein, any phase in first phase set the sum of is superimposed with itself is equal to preset desired value, second phase set In first phase and the sum of second phase be equal to desired value, first phase is any phase in second phase set, second Phase is different from first phase；Alternatively, phase of first communication equipment according to the first photon, according to pair of phase and bit value It should be related to, determine that bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is the first bit value.

In a kind of possible design, third party system includes third party device, and third photon is third party device to What one measuring apparatus was sent, the 4th photon is that third party device is sent to the second measuring apparatus, third photon and the 4th photon Form the photon pair mutually tangled.

In a kind of possible design, third party system includes the first third party device, the second third party device and third Measuring apparatus；Then the first communication equipment is after getting the first reception response, the second reception response and third and receiving response, root According to the phase and preset rules of the first photon, the first bit value is determined, wherein third reception response is third measuring apparatus true The reception position and time of reception, the reception position of the 6th photon and time of reception of fixed 5th photon meet life after preset mode At, third photon is that the first third party device is sent to the first measuring apparatus, and the 5th photon is the first third party device hair Give third measuring apparatus, the second third party device is sent to the second measuring apparatus when four photons, and the 6th photon is Two third party devices are sent to third measuring apparatus.

In a kind of possible design, the first communication equipment can get the first reception response and second based on following manner Receive response：

In a kind of possible design, preset mode is a detector in two detectors included by measuring apparatus It is respectively received a photon at the time of two differences, and the time difference at two moment is photon by being wrapped in communication equipment Time difference caused by two unequal arms of length of the unequal arm interferometer included.

As shown in figure 8, the embodiment of the present application provides a kind of method generating response, including：

Step 800, measuring apparatus receives the first photon and the second photon, and the first photon and the second photon are respectively from two Different equipment；

Step 810, reception position of the measuring apparatus in the reception position and the time of reception, the second photon for determining the first photon When meeting preset mode with the time of reception, generates and receive response.

In a kind of possible design, measuring apparatus includes two detectors, then measuring apparatus is being determined by two When detector receives the first photon and the second photon at the time of two differences one of in detector, generates and receive Response, wherein detector does not receive other photons between two different moments.

Based on same design, communication equipment as illustrated in fig. 9 and as shown in Figure 10 a is additionally provided in the embodiment of the present application Measuring apparatus, due to the communication equipment as illustrated in fig. 9 and measuring apparatus pair as shown in Figure 10 a in the embodiment of the present application The quantum key distribution system answered is the embodiment of the present application quantum key distribution system as shown in Figure 1, therefore the application is implemented Such as communication shown in Fig. 9 a is standby and the implementation of measuring apparatus as shown in Figure 10 a may refer to quantum key as shown in Figure 1 The implementation of dissemination system, overlaps will not be repeated.

As illustrated in fig. 9, the communication equipment of the embodiment of the present application, including：Sending module 910a, receiving module 920a and place Module 930a is managed, wherein sending module 910a is used to send the first photon to the first measuring apparatus；Receiving module 920a is for obtaining The first reception response and second is taken to receive response；Processing module 930a is for determining that receiving module gets the first reception response After receiving response with second, according to the phase and preset rules of the first photon, the first bit value is determined, and by the first bit value Save as the shared quantum key between the communication equipment and another communication equipment；Wherein first reception response is the first measurement Equipment meets in the reception position for receiving position and the time of reception and third photon and the time of reception for determining the first photon It is generated after preset mode, the second reception response is the second measuring apparatus at the reception position and reception for determining the second photon It carves and the receptions position of the 4th photon and the time of reception meets and generate after preset mode, the second photon is that another communicate sets Standby to send to the second measuring apparatus, third photon is that third party system is sent to the first measuring apparatus, and the 4th photon is the Three method, systems are sent to the second measuring apparatus.

In a kind of possible design, processing module 930a determine receiving module 920a receive the first reception response and After second receives response, triggering sending module 910a notifies the phase sets belonging to the phase of the first photon of another communication equipment, And triggering receiving module 920a obtains the phase sets belonging to the phase of the second photon, and belonging to the phase of the first photon Phase of the phase sets with the second photon belonging to phase sets it is identical when, according to the phase and preset rules of the first photon, Determine the first bit value.

In a kind of possible design, processing module 930a is according to the phase of the first photon, according to preconfigured phase With the correspondence of bit value, bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is determined；Belong to first in the phase of the first photon When phase sets, it is determined that bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is the first bit value, in the phase category of the first photon When second phase set, determining bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is overturn to obtain the first bit value； Wherein, any phase in first phase set the sum of is superimposed with itself is equal to preset desired value, second phase set In first phase and the sum of second phase be equal to desired value, first phase is any phase in second phase set, second Phase is different from first phase；Alternatively, according to the phase of the first photon, according to the correspondence of phase and bit value, determine with The corresponding bit value of phase of first photon is the first bit value.

In a kind of possible design, third party system includes the first third party device, the second third party device and third Measuring apparatus；Then processing module 930a is determining that receiving module 920a receives the first reception response, second receives response and the After three receive response, according to the phase and preset rules of the first photon, the first bit value is determined, wherein third, which receives response, is Third measuring apparatus is in the reception position and time of reception, the reception position of the 6th photon and time of reception for determining the 5th photon Meet and generate after preset mode, third photon is that the first third party device is sent to the first measuring apparatus, and the 5th photon is First third party device is sent to third measuring apparatus, and the second third party device is sent to the second measurement and sets when four photons Standby, the 6th photon is that the second third party device is sent to third measuring apparatus.

In a kind of possible design, receiving module 920a can get the first reception response and second based on following manner Receive response：

Receiving module 920a is sent by receiving the first reception response, the second measuring apparatus that the first measuring apparatus is sent Second receives response responds to get the first reception response and the second reception；Alternatively, being sent by receiving the first measuring apparatus First receive response, the second communication equipment send second receive response come get the first reception response and second receive Response；It is connect alternatively, receiving to respond by the first reception response and second that receive the transmission of the second communication equipment to get first It receives response and second and receives response.

In addition, when receiving module 920a is set by receiving the first reception response, the second communication that the first measuring apparatus is sent When the second reception response that preparation is sent responds to get the first reception response with the second reception, processing module 930a determinations connect Module 920a is received after receive the transmission of the first measuring apparatus first receives response, triggering sending module 910a is logical to second Believe that equipment sends second and receives response.

It should be understood that sending module and receiving module can be realized by transceiver in the embodiment of the present application, wherein transceiver Include coherent source, unequal arm interferometer and phase-modulator, wherein coherent source is for generating initial photon, unequal arm Interferometer by being equipped with the arm of phase-modulator when receiving initial photon, by phase-modulator to the phase of initial photon The first photon is obtained after being modulated, and sends the first photon to the first measuring apparatus；By not being equipped with phase-modulator When arm receives initial photon, then using initial photon as the first photon, the first photon is sent to the first measuring apparatus；Except this it Further include transceiving communication data (such as first receives response, the second reception response) module, optionally, transmitting-receiving in outer transceiver Further include other devices for handling photon in device, processing module can be realized by processor, and communication as shown in figure 9b is set The hardware architecture diagram of standby 900b, including processor 910b, transceiver 920b, memory 930b, wherein wherein memory 930b is used to store the communication data information etc. for storing software program and transceiver 920b transmitting-receivings, and processor 910b is used In the communication data information for reading the software program stored in memory 930b and transceiver 920b transmitting-receivings, to realize this Shen It please embodiment quantum key delivering method as shown in Figure 7.

Wherein, general central processing unit (Central ProcessingUnit, CPU) may be used in processor 910b, Microprocessor, application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), or One or more integrated circuits, for executing relevant operation, to realize technical solution that the embodiment of the present application is provided.

It should be noted that although communication equipment shown in Fig. 9 b illustrate only processor 910b, transceiver 920b and memory 930b, but during specific implementation, it should be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the communication equipment also includes to realize normally Other devices necessary to operation.Meanwhile according to specific needs, it should be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the communication equipment also It may include the hardware device for realizing other additional functions.In addition, it should be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the communication equipment Can include only device or module necessary to realizing the embodiment of the present application, without including whole devices shown in Fig. 9 b.

As shown in Figure 10 a, the embodiment of the present application measuring apparatus, including：Transceiver module 1000a and processing module 1010a, Middle transceiver module 1000a is for receiving the first photon and the second photon, the first photon and the second photon respectively from two differences Equipment；Processing module 1010a is used for when determining the reception position of the first photon of transceiver module 1000a receptions and receiving When quarter, the reception position of the second photon and the time of reception meet preset mode, generates and receive response.

In one possible implementation, transceiver module 1000a includes two detectors, and processing module 1010a exists It determines and the first photon and the second photon is received at the time of two differences by detector one of in two detectors When, it generates and receives response, wherein detector does not receive other photons between two different moments.

It should be understood that transceiver module can be realized by transceiver in the embodiment of the present application, wherein transceiver includes light point Beam device, two detectors, wherein detector are for receiving photon；The photon that beam splitter is used to send reception from equipment After interfered, be subsequently sent to detector, further include transceiving communication data (such as receive response) mould in transceiver in addition Block, alternatively, further including other devices for handling photon in transceiver, processing module can be realized by processor, such as be schemed The hardware architecture diagram of measuring apparatus 1000b shown in 10b, including processor 1010b, transceiver 1020b, memory 1030b, wherein wherein memory 1030b is used to store the communication number for storing software program and transceiver 1020b transmitting-receivings It is believed that breath etc., processor 1010b is used to read the logical of the software program stored in memory 1030b and transceiver 1020b transmitting-receiving Letter data information, the method to realize the embodiment of the present application generation response as shown in Figure 8.

Wherein, processor 1010b may be used general central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), microprocessor, application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific IntegratedCircuit, ASIC), Or one or more integrated circuits, for executing relevant operation, to realize technical solution that the embodiment of the present application is provided.

It should be noted that although measuring apparatus shown in Figure 10 b illustrate only processor 1010b, transceiver 1020b and storage Device 1030b, but during specific implementation, it should be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the measuring apparatus also includes to realize just Often other devices necessary to operation.Meanwhile according to specific needs, it should be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the measuring apparatus It also may include the hardware device for realizing other additional functions.In addition, it should be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the measuring apparatus Also can include only device or module necessary to realizing the embodiment of the present application, without including whole devices shown in Figure 10 b Part.

In the above-described embodiments, can come wholly or partly by software, hardware, firmware or its arbitrary combination real It is existing.When implemented in software, it can entirely or partly realize in the form of a computer program product.The computer journey Sequence product includes one or more computer instructions.When loading on computers and executing the computer program instructions, all Or it partly generates according to the flow or function described in the embodiment of the present invention.The computer can be all-purpose computer, special Computer, computer network or other programmable devices.The computer instruction can be stored in computer-readable storage In medium, or from a computer readable storage medium to the transmission of another computer readable storage medium, for example, described Computer instruction can pass through wired (such as coaxial cable, light from a web-site, computer, server or data center Fine, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave etc.) mode to another web-site, computer, Server or data center are transmitted.The computer readable storage medium can be that computer can access it is any can With medium either comprising data storage devices such as one or more usable mediums integrated server, data centers.It is described can Can be magnetic medium, (for example, floppy disk, hard disk, tape), optical medium (for example, DVD) or semiconductor medium with medium (such as solid state disk Solid State Disk (SSD)) etc..

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, embodiments herein can be provided as method, system or computer program Product.Therefore, complete hardware embodiment, complete software embodiment or reality combining software and hardware aspects can be used in the application Apply the form of example.Moreover, the application can be used in one or more wherein include computer usable program code computer The computer program production implemented in usable storage medium (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical memory etc.) The form of product.

The application is with reference to method, the flow of equipment (system) and computer program product according to the embodiment of the present application Figure and/or block diagram describe.It should be understood that can be realized by computer program instructions each in flowchart and/or the block diagram The combination of flow and/or box in flow and/or box and flowchart and/or the block diagram.These computers can be provided Processor of the program instruction to all-purpose computer, special purpose computer, Embedded Processor or other programmable data processing devices To generate a machine so that the instruction executed by computer or the processor of other programmable data processing devices generates For realizing the function of being specified in one flow of flow chart or multiple flows and/or one box of block diagram or multiple boxes Device.

These computer program instructions, which may also be stored in, can guide computer or other programmable data processing devices with spy Determine in the computer-readable memory that mode works so that instruction stored in the computer readable memory, which generates, includes The manufacture of command device, the command device are realized in one flow of flow chart or multiple flows and/or one box of block diagram Or the function of being specified in multiple boxes.

These computer program instructions also can be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that count Series of operation steps are executed on calculation machine or other programmable devices to generate computer implemented processing, in computer Or the instruction executed on other programmable devices is provided for realizing in one flow of flow chart or multiple flows and/or box The step of function of being specified in one box of figure or multiple boxes.

Although the possible embodiment of some in the application has been described, once a person skilled in the art knows bases This creative concept, then additional changes and modifications may be made to these embodiments.So appended claims are intended to explain It is to include the embodiment of the present application and fall into all change and modification of the application range.

Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out the application essence of the various modification and variations without departing from the application God and range.In this way, if these modifications and variations of the application belong to the range of the application claim and its equivalent technologies Within, then the application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. a kind of quantum key distribution system, which is characterized in that including：First communication equipment, the second communication equipment, third party system System, the first measuring apparatus and the second measuring apparatus；

First communication equipment, for sending the first photon to first measuring apparatus；

Second communication equipment, for sending the second photon to second measuring apparatus；

The third party system, for sending third photon to first measuring apparatus, and to second measuring apparatus Send the 4th photon；

First measuring apparatus for receiving first photon and the third photon, and is determining first photon Reception position and the time of reception and the third photon reception position and the time of reception meet preset mode after, generate First receives response；

Second measuring apparatus for receiving second photon and the 4th photon, and is determining second photon Reception position and the time of reception and the 4th photon reception position and the time of reception meet the preset mode after, It generates second and receives response；

First communication equipment is additionally operable to after getting the first reception response and the second reception response, according to institute The phase and preset rules for stating the first photon determine the first bit value, and first bit value are saved as described first and is led to Believe the shared quantum key between equipment and second communication equipment；

Second communication equipment is additionally operable to after getting the first reception response and the second reception response, according to institute The phase of the second photon and the preset rules are stated, determine the second bit value, and second bit value is saved as described Shared quantum key between one communication equipment and second communication equipment, wherein first bit value and second bit It is worth identical.

2. quantum key distribution system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that first communication equipment gets described After first receives response and the second reception response, according to the phase and preset rules of first photon, the first ratio is determined Paricular value specifically includes：

First communication equipment gets described first and receives response with after the second reception response, notifies that described second is logical Believe the phase sets belonging to the phase of the first photon described in equipment, and obtains the phase set belonging to the phase of second photon It closes, and the phase sets belonging to phase of the phase sets belonging to the phase of first photon with second photon are identical When, according to the phase and preset rules of first photon, determine the first bit value；

After second communication equipment gets the first reception response and the second reception response, according to second light The phase and the preset rules of son, determine the second bit value, specifically include：

Second communication equipment gets described first and receives response with after the second reception response, notifies that described first is logical Believe the phase sets belonging to the phase of the second photon described in equipment, and obtains the phase set belonging to the phase of first photon It closes, and the phase sets belonging to phase of the phase sets belonging to the phase of second photon with first photon are identical When, according to the phase of second photon and the preset rules, determine the second bit value.

3. quantum key distribution system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that first communication equipment is according to institute The phase of the first photon and the preset rules are stated, first bit value is determined, specifically includes：

First communication equipment is closed according to the phase of first photon according to preconfigured phase is corresponding with bit value System determines bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon；

First communication equipment is when the phase of first photon belongs to first phase set, it is determined that with first light The corresponding bit value of phase of son is first bit value, when the phase of first photon belongs to second phase set, Determining bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is overturn to obtain first bit value；Wherein, described Any phase in first phase set the sum of is superimposed with itself is equal to preset desired value, in the second phase set First phase and the sum of second phase be equal to the desired value, the first phase is any in the second phase set Phase, the second phase are different from first phase；

Phase and the preset rules of second communication equipment according to second photon, determine second bit value, It specifically includes：

Second communication equipment is according to the phase of second photon, according to the correspondence of the phase and bit value, really Fixed bit value corresponding with the phase of the second photon is second bit value.

4. the quantum key distribution system as described in claims 1 to 3 is any, which is characterized in that the third party system includes Third party device, the third party device, for sending the third photon to first measuring apparatus, and to described the Two measuring apparatus send the 4th photon, and the third photon and the 4th photon form the photon pair mutually tangled.

5. quantum key distribution system as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that first communication equipment includes the first phase Dry light source, the first unequal arm interferometer and first phase modulator, the first unequal arm interferometer include two length not phase Deng arm, the first phase modulator is located on one of the first unequal arm interferometer arm；

First coherent source, for generating the first initial photon；

The first unequal arm interferometer, for receiving described first initially by being equipped with the arm of the first phase modulator When photon, first light is obtained after being modulated to the phase of first initial photon by the first phase modulator Son, and send first photon to first measuring apparatus；It is connect in the arm by not being equipped with the first phase modulator When receiving first initial photon, then using first initial photon as first photon, to first measuring apparatus Send first photon；

Second communication equipment includes the second coherent source, the second unequal arm interferometer and second phase modulator, and described the Two unequal arm interferometers include two unequal arms of length, and the second phase modulator is located at second unequal arm interference On one of instrument arm；

Second coherent source, for generating the second initial photon；

The second unequal arm interferometer, for receiving described second initially by being equipped with the arm of the second phase modulator When photon, then described second is obtained after being modulated to the phase of second initial photon by the second phase modulator Photon, and send second photon to second measuring apparatus；In the arm by not being equipped with the second phase modulator When receiving second initial photon, then using second initial photon as second photon, measures and set to described second Preparation send second photon；

The third party device includes that time case tangles source and beam splitter, and the time case tangles source for being entangled on generated time The photon pair twined, and send the photon pair to the beam splitter；Wherein photon is by the first unequal arm interferometer Long-armed time difference corresponding with galianconism, photon by the second unequal arm interferometer long-armed time difference corresponding with galianconism and The time difference for generating two different moments of photon pair is identical；

The beam splitter, for the photon to reception to being split after, to first measuring apparatus send described in The third photon of photon centering, and send to second measuring apparatus the 4th photon of the photon centering.

6. the quantum key distribution system as described in claims 1 to 3 is any, which is characterized in that the third party system includes First third party device, the second third party device and third measuring apparatus；

First third party device sends first photon for generating the first photon pair to first measuring apparatus The third photon of centering sends the 5th photon of the first photon centering to the third measuring apparatus；

Second third party device sends second photon for generating the second photon pair to second measuring apparatus 4th photon of centering sends the 6th photon of the second photon centering to the third measuring apparatus；

The third measuring apparatus for receiving the 5th photon and the 6th photon, and is determining the 5th photon Reception position and the time of reception and the 6th photon reception position and the time of reception meet preset mode after, generate Third receives response；

After first communication equipment gets the first reception response and the second reception response, according to first light The phase and the preset rules of son, determine the first bit value, specifically include：

First communication equipment gets described first and receives response, the second reception response and third reception response Afterwards, according to the phase of first photon and the preset rules, the first bit value is determined；

After second communication equipment gets the first reception response and the second reception response, according to second light The phase and the preset rules of son, determine second bit value, specifically include：

Second communication equipment gets described first and receives response, the second reception response and third reception response Afterwards, according to the phase of second photon and the preset rules, second bit value is determined.

7. the quantum key distribution system as described in claim 1 to 6 is any, which is characterized in that first measuring apparatus is also Response is received for sending described first to first communication equipment and second communication equipment；Second measuring apparatus Be additionally operable to first communication equipment and the second communication equipment send out described second receive response；

First communication equipment gets described first and receives response and the second reception response, specifically includes：

First communication equipment receives first measuring apparatus is sent described first and receives response, and receives institute State the transmission of the second measuring apparatus described second receives response；

Second communication equipment gets described first and receives response and the second reception response, specifically includes：

Second communication equipment receives first measuring apparatus is sent described first and receives response, and receives institute State the transmission of the second measuring apparatus described second receives response；

Alternatively,

First measuring apparatus is additionally operable to send the first reception response to first communication equipment；Described second measures Equipment is additionally operable to send the second reception response to second communication equipment；First communication equipment is additionally operable to obtaining After receiving response to described first, sends described first to second communication equipment and receive response；Second communication equipment It is additionally operable to after getting the second reception response, sending described second to first communication equipment receives response；

First communication equipment receives first measuring apparatus is sent described first and receives response, and receives institute State the transmission of the second communication equipment described second receives response；

Second communication equipment receives second measuring apparatus is sent described second and receives response, and receives institute It states the first communication equipment and sends the first reception response；

Alternatively,

First measuring apparatus is additionally operable to send the first reception response to first communication equipment；Described second measures Equipment is additionally operable to send the second reception response to first communication equipment；First communication equipment is described in getting First receive response and it is described second receive response after, to second communication equipment send it is described first receive response and it is described Second receives response；

Second communication equipment receives the first reception response and described second that first communication equipment is sent and connects Receive response.

8. the quantum key distribution system as described in claim 1 to 7 is any, which is characterized in that the first measuring apparatus packet Include the first beam splitter and two the first detectors of Two In and Two Out；Two input terminals of first beam splitter respectively with institute State the first communication equipment, third party system connection, two output ends of first beam splitter respectively with two first Detector connects；Second measuring apparatus includes the second beam splitter and two the second detectors of Two In and Two Out, and described Two input terminals of two beam splitters are connect with second communication equipment, the third party system respectively, first light point Two output ends of beam device are connect with two the first detectors respectively；

The preset mode is that a detector in two detectors included by measuring apparatus divides at the time of two differences Do not receive a photon, time difference at the time of two of which difference is that the unequal arm that photon includes is dry by communication equipment Generated time difference when the unequal arm of two length of interferometer.

9. quantum key distribution system as described in any of the claims 1 to 8, which is characterized in that first communication equipment, institute It is respectively a terminal device to state the second communication equipment.

10. a kind of quantum key delivering method, which is characterized in that including：

First communication equipment sends the first photon to the first measuring apparatus；

First communication equipment get the first reception response and second receive response after, according to the phase of the first photon and pre- If regular, the first bit value is determined, and first bit value is saved as into first communication equipment and the second communication equipment Between shared quantum key；

The wherein described first reception response is first measuring apparatus in reception position and the reception for determining first photon The reception position and the time of reception of moment and third photon, which meet, to be generated after preset mode, and described second receives response is Second measuring apparatus is in the reception position and the reception position of the time of reception and the 4th photon for determining second photon Meet with the time of reception and to generate after preset mode, second photon is that second communication equipment is measured to described second and set What preparation was sent, the third photon is that third party system is sent to first measuring apparatus, and the 4th photon is described Third party system is sent to second measuring apparatus.

11. method as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that first communication equipment is getting the first reception response After receiving response with second, according to the phase of the first photon and the preset rules, determines the first bit value, specifically include：

Response is received with after the second reception response getting described first, is notified first described in second communication equipment Phase sets belonging to the phase of photon, and obtain the phase sets belonging to the phase of second photon, and described the When the phase sets belonging to phase of the phase sets with second photon belonging to the phase of one photon are identical, according to described The phase of one photon and the preset rules, determine the first bit value.

12. the method as described in claim 10 or 11, which is characterized in that first communication equipment is according to first photon Phase and the preset rules, determine first bit value, specifically include：

First communication equipment is when the phase of first photon belongs to first phase set, it is determined that with first light The corresponding bit value of phase of son is first bit value, when the phase of first photon belongs to second phase set, Determining bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is overturn to obtain first bit value；Wherein, described Any phase in first phase set the sum of is superimposed with itself is equal to preset desired value, in the second phase set First phase and the sum of second phase be equal to the desired value, the first phase is any in the second phase set Phase, the second phase are different from the first phase；Alternatively,

First communication equipment is according to the phase of first photon, according to the correspondence of the phase and bit value, really Fixed bit value corresponding with the phase of the first photon is first bit value.

13. the method as described in claim 10 to 12 is any, which is characterized in that the third party system includes that third party sets Standby, the third photon is that third party device is sent to first measuring apparatus, and the 4th photon is the third party Equipment is sent to second measuring apparatus, and the third photon and the 4th photon form the photon pair mutually tangled.

14. the method as described in claim 10 to 12 is any, which is characterized in that the third party system includes the first third party Equipment, the second third party device and third measuring apparatus；

After first communication equipment gets the first reception response and the second reception response, according to first light The phase and the preset rules of son, determine first bit value, including：

First communication equipment receive it is described first receive response, it is described second receive response and third receive response Afterwards, it according to the phase of first photon and the preset rules, determines first bit value, is rung wherein the third receives Should be reception position of the third measuring apparatus in the reception position and the time of reception, the 6th photon for determining the 5th photon Meet with the time of reception and to generate after preset mode, the third photon is that first third party device is sent to described first Measuring apparatus, the 5th photon is that first third party device is sent to the third measuring apparatus, the described 4th Second third party device described in when photon is sent to second measuring apparatus, and the 6th photon is second third party Equipment is sent to the third measuring apparatus.

15. the method as described in claim 10 to 14 is any, which is characterized in that first communication equipment gets first and connects It receives response and second and receives response, including：

First communication equipment receives first measuring apparatus is sent described first and receives response, and receives institute State the transmission of the second measuring apparatus described second receives response；Alternatively,

First communication and equipment receive second communication equipment is sent described first and receive response and described second Receive response；Alternatively,

First communication equipment further includes after receive that first measuring apparatus sends first receives response：

First communication equipment sends described first to second communication equipment and receives response.

16. the method as described in claim love 10 to 15 is any, which is characterized in that the preset mode is wrapped by measuring apparatus A detector in two detectors included is respectively received a photon at the time of two differences, and two moment when Between difference be the time difference caused by two unequal arms of length of the unequal arm interferometer that photon includes by communication equipment.