CN108365955A - A kind of device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication system and method - Google Patents
A kind of device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108365955A CN108365955A CN201810142677.7A CN201810142677A CN108365955A CN 108365955 A CN108365955 A CN 108365955A CN 201810142677 A CN201810142677 A CN 201810142677A CN 108365955 A CN108365955 A CN 108365955A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/002—Countermeasures against attacks on cryptographic mechanisms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of information processing, disclose a kind of device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication system and method, communication means uses the super Entangled State under multiple degrees of freedom as quantum carrier, establishes device-independent super entangled quantum traffic model, carries out dense coding；The information content that can be transmitted by calculating every particle, and compared with the information content in other agreements, authenticated channel capacity；The present invention discloses a kind of device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication system simultaneously.The present invention completes the distribution of two unrelated keys of equipment by distributing two particles, and quantum efficiency has reached 1；If can be only done the distribution of a unrelated key of equipment by distributing two particles as quantum carrier using common Entangled State such as Bell state, quantum efficiency only has 0.5.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of information processing more particularly to a kind of device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication systems
System and method.
Background technology
Currently, the prior art commonly used in the trade is such：
It is in the urgent need to address to improve channel capacity to promote the functionization of quantum communications, under safety and secured premise
Two critical issues.In previous research, the safety of quantum communications is ensured by principle of quantum mechanics, quantum state prepare source and
Measuring apparatus is all defaulted as perfection.However under real world conditions, it is difficult to realize perfect preparation source and measuring apparatus, thus, it is existing
There may be various security risks for real quantum communication system.For equipment imperfection have various attacks scheme cause it is secret
Confidential information is revealed, such as " time shifting attack ", " dead time attack " and " strong photic blind attack ".That is, theoretically
The quantum communications agreement being perfectly safe, in practice may be very dangerous.Therefore, under the premise of equipment is trustless, research
The quantum communications agreement of safety is to promote the functionization of quantum communications, ensures safety, it is necessary to the first step stepped.In addition,
Under the premise of equipment is trustless, actual channel capacity can be greatly diminished, if the channel capacity in communication is too low, with regard to nothing
Method really realizes practical safe quantum communication agreement.Therefore under the conditions of research equipment is trustless, safety and there is higher capacity
The existing theory significance of quantum communications agreement, and it is with practical value.At present to the reason of equipment quantum communications under the premise of trustless
It is concentrated mainly on following five aspect by with technical research：The research of device-independent safe quantum communication, shielding due to prepare source and
Side-channel attack loophole caused by measuring apparatus is trustless.The unrelated safe quantum communication research of measuring apparatus, only shielding are surveyed
Measure the trustless caused side-channel attack loophole of equipment.The particle for appointing third party to send communicating pair by untrusted entangles
State is twined to measure and announce as a result, communicating pair is by judging that the relevance of respective input data generates key, to remove detection
Device side channel loophole.However, the trustless caused side-channel attack loophole in preparation source can not be shielded, it can only utilize and inveigle state side
Method evades the safety issue that non-ideal strip of light comes.Half device-independent quantum key distribution research, the research assume to prepare
Source and measuring apparatus are all insincere, but require the quantized system of the known Hilbert Spatial Dimensions of communication one side preparation.Unilateral equipment
Unrelated quantum key distribution research, under the premise of main research only has the fly-by-night scene of a method, apparatus in communicating pair,
Judgement is violated using EPR-steering inequality, side-channel attack loophole caused by one side's measuring apparatus of shielding is trustless.
However, in safe quantum communication research under the premise of the above equipment is trustless, not accounting in any communication all must can not
A few problem：Coding efficiency issues are not accounted for, under the premise of equipment is trustless, actual channel capacity can be by significantly
It reduces, if the channel capacity in communication is too low, just can not really realize practical safe quantum communication agreement.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is：
The prior art is very dangerous in actual communication.It is trustless that the prior art does not largely all account for equipment
The security risk brought, though have a small number of technologies consider the fly-by-night factor of equipment but if there are no consider equipment can not
Trust the low problem of the code efficiency brought.
Therefore, very safe in prior art theory, practical and dangerous and inefficient.
Solve the difficulty and meaning of above-mentioned technical problem：
The present invention can prevent (shielding), and due to preparing, source device or measuring apparatus are trustless (to be controlled or is carried by listener-in
For) information leakage brought, common side-channel attack loophole is resisted, such as " time shifting attack ", " dead time attack " and " by force
Photic blind attack " etc., provides safe and reliable communication；The channel capacity for also improving the unrelated quantum communications of equipment simultaneously, with
For key distribution, quantum efficiency improves 1 times.Currently, carrying out key distribution using the prior art, the theoretical value of quantum efficiency is most
Height can only achieve 0.5, and technology proposed by the present invention, the theoretical value of quantum efficiency can reach 1.
Invention content
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication systems
System and method.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication means, including：
Establish the quantum communications model unrelated with quantum state preparation source：In the worst cases, Entangled State is prepared by listener-in
Quantum state density function model；Then under the quantum state density function descriptive model when design flow sub-protocol, foundation
The principle of violating of Bell inequality rejects non-Entangled State, retains super Entangled State, and communicate based on super Entangled State, according to the list tangled
With property and not superlight speed principle makes listener-in that can not obtain any secret information by controlling preparation source；
It establishes and device-independent quantum communications model：The equipment is unrelated include that preparation source is unrelated and measuring apparatus without
It closes；Only analysis measures the statistical probability relationship for outputting and inputting between result and whether violates Bell class inequality, and in this, as
Whether in quantum communications have the decision condition of listener-in, the structure quantum communications model unrelated with measuring apparatus if considering；Make distribution
Quantum state to user for communication is in maximal entangled state, and according to the monogynous principle tangled and not superlight speed principle, makes
Obtain no matter listener-in can not pass through the secret information that measuring apparatus obtains validated user using which kind of means；
It establishes and device-independent high channel capacity quantum traffic model：Using the super Entangled State under multiple degrees of freedom as amount
Subcarrier establishes device-independent super entangled quantum traffic model and carries out dense coding.
Further, in the foundation quantum communications model unrelated with quantum state preparation source, including：
Assuming that being prepared by listener-in Eve, then the Entangled State is distributed to transmitting terminal again and receiving terminal carries out the logical of next step
Letter；Listener-in Eve is the secret information as much as possible for obtaining transmitting terminal and receiving terminal, and Eve does not prepare perfectly super tangle
Bell state；Opposite, listener-in Eve prepares the mixed state of a super Entangled State and non-Entangled State, obscures transmitting terminal and receiving terminal
So that it is not found the eavesdropping behavior of oneself, and obtains the secret information of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal；
Indicate that the super of listener-in's Eve preparations tangles Bell state with following density function model：
The density function model indicates：State prepared by listener-in Eve is a super Entangled StateWith non-Entangled State I/4
Mixed state, super Entangled State in the mixed stateVisibility be p, the visibility of non-Entangled State I/4 is 1-p；
According to the monogynous principle tangled, if listener-in Eve prepares Entangled State, will be unable to obtain transmitting terminal and receiving terminal
Any secret information；And if listener-in Eve prepares non-Entangled State, obtain the partial secret letter of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal
Breath；
Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal receive script in the influence of possible various noises in analyzing channelIt is transformed to
If rejecting non-Entangled State according to the principle of violating of Bell inequality in the communications, retain super Entangled State, and be based on
The communication of super Entangled State, according to the monogynous tangled and not superlight speed principle, listener-in Eve can not obtain transmitting terminal and receiving terminal
Any secret information.
Further, the foundation and device-independent quantum communications model, including：
If A particles are sent to transmitting terminal by listener-in Eve, beta particle is sent to receiving terminal；Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal difference
It randomly selects measurement input x and y ∈ { 0,1 } and measures respective particle, wherein x=0 indicates elder generation ZSBase measures Z againPBase measures, x=
1 indicates elder generation ZSBase measures X againPBase measures；Wherein y=0 indicates elder generation ZSBase measures againBase measures, and y=1 is indicated
First ZSBase measures againBase measures；
The measurement result of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal is expressed as a and b ∈ { 0l, 0u, 1l, 1u }；
Define CHSH inequality
P(a0=b0)+P(a0=b1)+P(a1=b0)+P(a1≠b1)≤3, wherein
P(aj=bk)=P (a=b=0l | x=j, y=k)+P (a=b=0u | x=j, y=k)
+ P (a=b=1l | x=j, y=k)+P (a=b=1u | x=j, y=k).
Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal choose some particle design conditions probability Ps (a, b | x, y), and judge whether to violate CHSH not
Equation, if violated, then it represents that listener-in Eve is distributed to transmitting terminal and the particle of receiving terminal is in super Entangled State.
Further, the scriptFor a polarization state degree of freedom and
Super under path mode degree of freedom tangles Bell state；
Wherein | 0>With | 1>The horizontal state of polarization and perpendicular polarisation state of photon are indicated respectively；Subscript A and B indicate to be in respectively
Two photons of super Entangled State；L and u indicates the different path modes of photon A and B；Subscript P indicates polarization state degree of freedom, subscript S
Indicate path mode degree of freedom；One ultraviolet light optical pumping pulse passes through a barium borate β crystals BBO that will generate phase in pattern u
The photon pair of mutual correlation；The crystal is passed through after reflection second, and can generate the photon pair that is mutually related in pattern l；
Bell state quantized system is tangled for two photons under a polarization state degree of freedom and path mode degree of freedom are super, is had
16 kinds of Bell states, are expressed as：
Wherein | Θ>PIndicate one of four kinds of Bell states under polarization state degree of freedom:
Wherein | Ξ>SIndicate one of four kinds of Bell states under path mode degree of freedom:
Using CHBSA, 16 kinds of differentiation is super to tangle Bell state；
Two non-orthogonal measurement bases under polarization state degree of freedom are chosen for：ZP=| 0>,|1>And
Two non-orthogonal measurement bases are chosen under path mode degree of freedom：ZS=| l>,|u>And
Super Entangled State under two kinds of degree of freedom of polarization state and path mode
When,
Eve prepares quantum state：
WhereinIt indicates：State prepared by Eve is a super Entangled StateWith the mixed state of non-Entangled State I/4, in institute
State super Entangled State in mixed stateVisibility be p, the visibility of non-Entangled State I/4 is 1-p.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication means
Cryptographic key distribution method, the cryptographic key distribution method include：
A particles are sent to transmitting terminal by Eve, and beta particle is sent to receiving terminal；Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal randomly select survey respectively
Amount input x and y ∈ { 0,1 } measure their respective particles, and wherein x=0 indicates elder generation ZSBase measures Z againPBase measures, and x=1 is indicated
First ZSBase measures X againPBase measures；Wherein y=0 indicates elder generation ZSBase measures againBase measures, and y=1 indicates elder generation ZSBase
It measures againBase measures；The measurement result of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal be expressed as a and b ∈ 0l, 0u, 1l,
1u}；
Define CHSH inequality
P(a0=b0)+P(a0=b1)+P(a1=b0)+P(a1≠b1)≤3, wherein
P(aj=bk)=P (a=b=0l | x=j, y=k)+P (a=b=0u | x=j, y=k)
+ P (a=b=1l | x=j, y=k)+P (a=b=1u | x=j, y=k)；
Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal choose some particle design conditions probability Ps (a, b | x, y), and judge whether to violate CHSH not
Equation, if violated, then it represents that Eve is distributed to transmitting terminal and the particle of receiving terminal is in super Entangled State；Surpassed based on one and is tangled
State, transmitting terminal and receiving terminal share two safe secret key 0l, 0u, 1l or 1u.
The device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication means is realized another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of
Computer program.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of information processing terminals equipped with the computer program.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of computer readable storage mediums, including instruction, when it is in computer
When upper operation so that computer executes the device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication means
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication systems, including：
The quantum communications model unit unrelated with quantum state preparation source, in the worst cases, being prepared and being entangled by listener-in
Twine the quantum state density function model of state；Then under the quantum state density function descriptive model when design flow sub-protocol, according to
Non- Entangled State is rejected according to the principle of violating of Bell inequality, retains super Entangled State, and communicate based on super Entangled State, according to what is tangled
Monogynous and not superlight speed principle make listener-in that can not obtain any secret information by controlling preparation source；
With device-independent quantum communications model unit, the equipment is unrelated include that preparation source is unrelated and measuring apparatus without
It closes；Output and input whether the statistical probability relationship between result violates Bell class inequality for only analyzing to measure, and with this
As the decision condition for whether having listener-in in quantum communications considered, the quantum communications model unrelated with measuring apparatus is built；Make
Be distributed to user for communication quantum state be in maximal entangled state, and according to the monogynous principle tangled and not superlight speed original
Reason so that no matter listener-in can not obtain the secret information of validated user using which kind of means by measuring apparatus；
With device-independent high channel capacity quantum traffic model unit, it is used to make using the super Entangled State under multiple degrees of freedom
For quantum carrier, establishes device-independent super entangled quantum traffic model and carry out dense coding.
Another object of the present invention is to provide one kind equipped with the device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication system
The information processing terminal of system.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention and good effect are：
The present invention can prevent (shielding), and due to preparing, source device or measuring apparatus are trustless (to be controlled or is carried by listener-in
For) information leakage brought, common side-channel attack loophole is resisted, such as " time shifting attack ", " dead time attack " and " by force
Photic blind attack " etc., provides safe and reliable communication；The channel capacity for also improving the unrelated quantum communications of equipment simultaneously, with
For key distribution, quantum efficiency improves 1 times.Existing Technique on Quantum Communication, it is most of all to exist due to preparing source device or survey
The trustless information leakage problem brought of equipment is measured, even if there are a small number of technologies to propose some prevents from preparing source device or measurement
The trustless method for causing information leakage of equipment, but cannot be guaranteed channel capacity, it is primarily due to, they consider not yet
Trustless to equipment is also a main cause for causing channel capacity to reduce.Currently, carrying out key point using the prior art
Hair, the theoretical value of quantum efficiency only up to reach 0.5, and technology proposed by the present invention, and the theoretical value of quantum efficiency can
Reach 1.
The present invention is directed to channel capacity (quantum efficiency) problem for how improving the unrelated quantum communications of equipment, and how free use is
Super Entangled State under degree establishes device-independent super entangled quantum traffic model, realizes dense coding as quantum carrier.Pass through
The information content that every particle can transmit is calculated, and is compared with the information content in other agreements, it was demonstrated that method proposed by the present invention
Higher channel capacity (quantum efficiency) can be reached.The present invention completes two unrelated keys of equipment by distributing two particles
Distribution, quantum efficiency have reached 1.If using common Entangled State such as Bell state | φ+>ABAs quantum carrier, pass through distribution two
A particle can be only done the distribution of a unrelated key of equipment, and quantum efficiency only has 0.5.
The present invention tangles Bell state in the case where listener-in controls or offer prepares source device, to the super of preparation source preparation
Mathematical modeling or mathematical description are carried out, the trustless problem in source is prepared for quantum state (especially Entangled State, super Entangled State),
It is proposed under construction worst case --- the quantum state density function descriptive model that Entangled State is prepared by listener-in, then in the model
The lower sub- communication protocol of design flow, and the safety of quantum communications is analyzed, ensure that listener-in can not obtain by controlling preparation source
Secret information.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication system architecture schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
In figure：1, the quantum communications model unit unrelated with quantum state preparation source；2, with device-independent quantum communications mould
Type unit；3, with device-independent high channel capacity quantum traffic model unit.
Fig. 2 is the unrelated high power capacity quantum communications method flow diagram of equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
The prior art is very dangerous in actual communication.It is trustless that the prior art does not largely all account for equipment
The security risk brought, though have a small number of technologies consider the fly-by-night factor of equipment but if there are no consider equipment can not
Trust the low problem of the code efficiency brought.
As shown in Figure 1, device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, including：
The quantum communications model unit 1 unrelated with quantum state preparation source, in the worst cases, being prepared and being entangled by listener-in
Twine the quantum state density function model of state；Then under the quantum state density function descriptive model when design flow sub-protocol, according to
Non- Entangled State is rejected according to the principle of violating of Bell inequality, retains super Entangled State, and communicate based on super Entangled State, according to what is tangled
Monogynous and not superlight speed principle make listener-in that can not obtain any secret information by controlling preparation source；
With device-independent quantum communications model unit 2, the equipment is unrelated include that preparation source is unrelated and measuring apparatus without
It closes；Output and input whether the statistical probability relationship between result violates Bell class inequality for only analyzing to measure, and with this
As the decision condition for whether having listener-in in quantum communications considered, the quantum communications model unrelated with measuring apparatus is built；Make
Be distributed to user for communication quantum state be in maximal entangled state, and according to the monogynous principle tangled and not superlight speed original
Reason so that no matter listener-in can not obtain the secret information of validated user using which kind of means by measuring apparatus；
With device-independent high channel capacity quantum traffic model unit 3, it is used for using the super Entangled State under multiple degrees of freedom
As quantum carrier, establishes device-independent super entangled quantum traffic model and carry out dense coding.
With reference to concrete analysis, the invention will be further described.
Shown in Fig. 2, the unrelated high power capacity quantum communications method of equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention, including：
Establish the quantum communications model unrelated with quantum state preparation source：In the worst cases, Entangled State is prepared by listener-in
Quantum state density function model；Then under the quantum state density function descriptive model when design flow sub-protocol, foundation
The principle of violating of Bell inequality rejects non-Entangled State, retains super Entangled State, and communicate based on super Entangled State, according to the list tangled
With property and not superlight speed principle makes listener-in that can not obtain any secret information by controlling preparation source；
It establishes and device-independent quantum communications model：The equipment is unrelated include that preparation source is unrelated and measuring apparatus without
It closes；Only analysis measures the statistical probability relationship for outputting and inputting between result and whether violates Bell class inequality, and in this, as
Whether in quantum communications have the decision condition of listener-in, the structure quantum communications model unrelated with measuring apparatus if considering；Make distribution
Quantum state to user for communication is in maximal entangled state, and according to the monogynous principle tangled and not superlight speed principle, makes
Obtain no matter listener-in can not pass through the secret information that measuring apparatus obtains validated user using which kind of means；
It establishes and device-independent high channel capacity quantum traffic model：Using the super Entangled State under multiple degrees of freedom as amount
Subcarrier establishes device-independent super entangled quantum traffic model and carries out dense coding.
(1) the quantum communications model unrelated with quantum state preparation source, the principle of work and power are established：
The trustless problem in source is prepared for quantum state (especially Entangled State), is proposed under construction worst case --- by stealing
Hearer prepares the quantum state density function descriptive model of Entangled State, then designs quantum communication protocol under the model, and analyze
The safety of quantum communications ensures that listener-in can not obtain secret information by controlling preparation source.
Bell state is tangled with super under a polarization state degree of freedom and path mode degree of freedomFor, it is assumed that the Entangled State is prepared by listener-in Eve and then is distributed to hair again
Sending end (Alice) and receiving terminal (Bob) carry out the communication of next step, then Eve is in order to acquisition transmitting terminal as much as possible
With the secret information of receiving terminal, Eve, which will not prepare perfectly to surpass, tangles Bell state, opposite, Eve can prepare one as far as possible
The mixed state of super Entangled State and non-Entangled State both can obscure transmitting terminal and receiving terminal in order to avoid they have found the eavesdropping row of oneself
For, and can help oneself to obtain the secret information of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal.So the present invention can use following density function
Model super tangles Bell state indicate that Eve may be prepared：
The density function indicates：State prepared by Eve is a super Entangled StateWith the mixed state of non-Entangled State I/4,
Super Entangled State in the mixed stateVisibility be p, the visibility of non-Entangled State I/4 is 1-p.Matched according to the list tangled
Property principle, if Eve prepares Entangled State (including super Entangled State), he will be unable to obtain any secret of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal
Confidential information, and if Eve prepares non-Entangled State, he can obtain the partial secret information of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal.For
For transmitting terminal and receiving terminal, due to consideration that in channel possible various noises influence, they can receive scriptState becomes due to the influence of noise for stateSuch as
The fruit present invention rejects non-Entangled State according to the principle of violating of Bell inequality in the communications, retains super Entangled State, and entangle based on super
State communication is twined, then according to the monogynous tangled and not superlight speed principle, Eve will be unable to any of acquisition transmitting terminal and receiving terminal
Secret information.
It can be seen that if the quantum state density Function Modules that will be described as being prepared by listener-in for the quantum carrier of communication
Type (under worst case), then in design flow sub-protocol, the principle of violating according to Bell inequality rejects non-Entangled State, retains
Super Entangled State, and being communicated based on super Entangled State, the monogynous tangled of foundation and not superlight speed principle, so that it may with ensure listener-in without
Method obtains any secret information by controlling preparation source.
(2) the quantum communications model in (including preparation source is unrelated and measuring apparatus is unrelated) unrelated with equipment is established, function is former
Reason：
Prepare source it is unrelated on the basis of, the trustless problem of shield EMC measurement equipment, establish equipment it is unrelated (including prepare source without
Close unrelated with measuring apparatus) quantum communications model, it proposes not considering that the inside of measuring apparatus is realized and operation details is (i.e. measurement
Equipment is handled as flight data recorder), whether the statistical probability relationship only observed and measured between outputting and inputting result violates Bell
Class inequality, and in this, as the decision condition for whether having listener-in in quantum communications considered, structure is unrelated with measuring apparatus
Quantum communications model, ensure to be distributed to user for communication quantum state be in maximal entangled state (non-local relationship), thus root
According to the monogynous principle tangled and not superlight speed principle so that no matter listener-in using which kind of means can not pass through measuring apparatus
Obtain the secret information of validated user.
A particles are sent to transmitting terminal by Eve, and beta particle is sent to receiving terminal.Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal randomly select survey respectively
Amount input x and y ∈ { 0,1 } measure their respective particles, and wherein x=0 indicates elder generation ZSBase measures Z againPBase measures, and x=1 is indicated
First ZSBase measures X againPBase measures；Wherein y=0 indicates elder generation ZSBase measures againBase measures, and y=1 indicates elder generation ZSBase
It measures againBase measures.The measurement result of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal be expressed as a and b ∈ 0l, 0u, 1l,
1u}。
Define CHSH inequality
P(a0=b0)+P(a0=b1)+P(a1=b0)+P(a1≠b1)≤3, wherein
P(aj=bk)=P (a=b=0l | x=j, y=k)+P (a=b=0u | x=j, y=k)
+ P (a=b=1l | x=j, y=k)+P (a=b=1u | x=j, y=k).
Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal choose some particle design conditions probability Ps (a, b | x, y), and judge whether to violate CHSH not
Equation, if violated, then it represents that Eve is distributed to transmitting terminal and the particle of receiving terminal is in super Entangled State.
(3) it establishes and device-independent high channel capacity quantum traffic model.
For channel capacity (quantum efficiency) problem for how improving the unrelated quantum communications of equipment, using under multiple degrees of freedom
Super Entangled State establishes device-independent super entangled quantum traffic model as quantum carrier, realizes dense coding.By calculating
The information content that can be transmitted per particle, and compared with the information content in other agreements, it was demonstrated that method proposed by the present invention can reach
Higher channel capacity (quantum efficiency).
The unrelated quantum communications model in source is prepared with quantum state establishing, and establishes (including preparation source unrelated with equipment
Unrelated and measuring apparatus is unrelated) quantum communications model on the basis of, transmitting terminal and receiving terminal are based on a super Entangled State, can be with
Share two safe secret key 0l, 0u, 1l or 1u.Obviously, it in above-mentioned key distribution procedure, is differed for CHSH if removed
The particle of formula detection, the distribution of two unrelated keys of equipment is completed by distributing two particles, and quantum efficiency has reached 1.Such as
Fruit uses common Entangled State such as Bell state | φ+>ABAs quantum carrier, by distribute two particles can be only done an equipment without
The distribution of key is closed, quantum efficiency only has 0.5.
In the unrelated high power capacity quantum communications method of equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention, super tangle is a kind of while multiple
The state that degree of freedom is tangled.There are photon a variety of quantum degree of freedom, each quantum degree of freedom to be likely under suitable conditions
Define a quantum bit, theoretically between these different degree of freedom can also entanglement of formation, i.e., it is so-called super to tangle.Example
Such as：Two degree of freedom of some photon can while be tangled with two degree of freedom of some other photon, so as to handle
One photon is used as two quantum bits.
Super Bell state of tangling under one polarization state degree of freedom and path mode degree of freedom can be described as：
Wherein | 0>With | 1>The horizontal state of polarization and perpendicular polarisation state of photon are indicated respectively.Subscript A and B indicate to be in respectively
Two photons of super Entangled State.L and u indicates the different path modes of photon A and B.Subscript P indicates polarization state degree of freedom, subscript S
Indicate path mode degree of freedom.One ultraviolet light optical pumping pulse passes through a barium borate β crystal (BBO) that will be generated in pattern u
Be mutually related photon pair；The crystal is passed through after reflection second, and can generate the photon pair that is mutually related in pattern l.
Bell state quantized system is tangled for two photons under a polarization state degree of freedom and path mode degree of freedom are super, is had
16 kinds of Bell states, can be expressed as：
Wherein | Θ>PIndicate one of four kinds of Bell states under polarization state degree of freedom:
Wherein | Ξ>SIndicate one of four kinds of Bell states under path mode degree of freedom:
Using CHBSA, 16 kinds can be distinguished completely and super tangles Bell state.
Two non-orthogonal measurement bases under polarization state degree of freedom can be chosen for：ZP=| 0>,|1>And Two non-orthogonal measurement bases can be chosen under path mode degree of freedom：ZS
=| l>,|u>And
With the super Entangled State under two kinds of degree of freedom of polarization state and path mode
For.Eve prepares quantum state：
WhereinIt indicates：State prepared by Eve is a super Entangled State(i.e. non-local relationship) and non-Entangled State I/
The mixed state of 4 (i.e. local relationships), the super Entangled State in the mixed stateVisibility be p, non-Entangled State I/4's is visual
Degree is 1-p.
The invention will be further described for distributing with reference to key.
The present invention is by taking key is distributed as an example, to illustrate under equipment don't-care condition, the process communicated using super Entangled State,
And prove that channel capacity (quantum efficiency) is effectively increased.A particles are sent to transmitting terminal by Eve, and beta particle is sent to reception
End.Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal randomly select measurement input x and y ∈ { 0,1 } and measure their respective particles, wherein x=0 tables respectively
Show first ZSBase measures Z againPBase measures, and x=1 indicates elder generation ZSBase measures X againPBase measures；Wherein y=0 indicates elder generation ZSBase measures againBase measures, and y=1 indicates elder generation ZSBase measures againBase measures.The measurement of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal
As a result a and b ∈ { 0l, 0u, 1l, 1u } are expressed as.
Define CHSH inequality
P(a0=b0)+P(a0=b1)+P(a1=b0)+P(a1≠b1)≤3, wherein
P(aj=bk)=P (a=b=0l | x=j, y=k)+P (a=b=0u | x=j, y=k)
+ P (a=b=1l | x=j, y=k)+P (a=b=1u | x=j, y=k).
Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal choose some particle design conditions probability Ps (a, b | x, y), and judge whether to violate CHSH not
Equation, if violated, then it represents that Eve is distributed to transmitting terminal and the particle of receiving terminal is in super Entangled State.One is based at this time to surpass
Entangled State, transmitting terminal and receiving terminal can share two safe secret key 0l, 0u, 1l or 1u.
Present invention demonstrates that using above-mentioned communication mode, can be obtained than general using the unrelated key of super Entangled State discharge device
The higher quantum efficiency of logical Entangled State.Obviously, it in above-mentioned key distribution procedure, is detected for CHSH inequality if removed
Particle, the present invention completes the distributions of two unrelated keys of equipment by distributing two particles, and quantum efficiency has reached 1.Such as
Fruit uses common Entangled State such as Bell state | φ+>ABAs quantum carrier, by distribute two particles can be only done an equipment without
The distribution of key is closed, quantum efficiency only has 0.5.
In the above-described embodiments, can come wholly or partly by software, hardware, firmware or its arbitrary combination real
It is existing.When using entirely or partly realizing in the form of a computer program product, the computer program product include one or
Multiple computer instructions.When loading on computers or executing the computer program instructions, entirely or partly generate according to
Flow described in the embodiment of the present invention or function.The computer can be all-purpose computer, special purpose computer, computer network
Network or other programmable devices.The computer instruction can store in a computer-readable storage medium, or from one
Computer readable storage medium is transmitted to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instruction can be from one
A web-site, computer, server or data center pass through wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
Or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave etc.) mode is carried out to another web-site, computer, server or data center
Transmission).The computer read/write memory medium can be that any usable medium that computer can access either includes one
The data storage devices such as a or multiple usable mediums integrated server, data center.The usable medium can be magnetic Jie
Matter, (for example, floppy disk, hard disk, tape), optical medium (for example, DVD) or semiconductor medium (such as solid state disk Solid
State Disk (SSD)) etc..
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by within refreshing and principle.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication means, which is characterized in that the device-independent high channel holds
Measuring quantum communications method includes：
Establish the quantum communications model unrelated with quantum state preparation source：In the worst cases, the amount of Entangled State is prepared by listener-in
Sub- Density function model；Then under the quantum state density function descriptive model when design flow sub-protocol, not according to Bell
The principle of violating of equation rejects non-Entangled State, retains super Entangled State, and communicate based on super Entangled State, the monogynous that foundation is tangled with
Not superlight speed principle makes listener-in that can not obtain any secret information by controlling preparation source；
It establishes and device-independent quantum communications model：The unrelated equipment includes that preparation source is unrelated and measuring apparatus is unrelated；Only
Analysis measures whether the statistical probability relationship output and input between result violates Bell class inequality, and in this, as the amount of considering
Whether the decision condition of listener-in, structure with measuring apparatus unrelated quantum communications model are had in son communication；Make to be distributed to user
Quantum state for communication is in maximal entangled state, and according to the monogynous principle tangled and not superlight speed principle so that eavesdropping
No matter person can not obtain the secret information of validated user using which kind of means by measuring apparatus；
It establishes and device-independent high channel capacity quantum traffic model：It is carried as quantum using the super Entangled State under multiple degrees of freedom
Body establishes device-independent super entangled quantum traffic model and carries out dense coding.
2. device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication means as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the foundation with
Quantum state is prepared in the unrelated quantum communications model in source, including：Assuming that being prepared the Entangled State by listener-in Eve and then being distributed to again
Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal carry out the communication of next step；Listener-in Eve is the secret as much as possible for obtaining transmitting terminal and receiving terminal
Information, Eve, which does not prepare perfectly to surpass, tangles Bell state；Opposite, listener-in Eve prepares a super Entangled State and non-Entangled State
Mixed state obscures the eavesdropping behavior that transmitting terminal and receiving terminal make it not find oneself, and obtains the secret of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal
Information；
Indicate that the super of listener-in's Eve preparations tangles Bell state with following density function model：
The density function model indicates：State prepared by listener-in Eve is a super Entangled StateWith mixing for non-Entangled State I/4
State is closed, super Entangled State in the mixed stateVisibility be p, the visibility of non-Entangled State I/4 is 1-p；
According to the monogynous principle tangled, if listener-in Eve prepares Entangled State, times for obtaining transmitting terminal and receiving terminal will be unable to
What secret information；And if listener-in Eve prepares non-Entangled State, obtain the partial secret information of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal；
Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal receive script in the influence of possible various noises in analyzing channelIt is transformed to
If rejecting non-Entangled State according to the principle of violating of Bell inequality in the communications, retain super Entangled State, and entangle based on super
State communication is not twined, according to the monogynous tangled and not superlight speed principle, listener-in Eve can not obtain any of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal
Secret information.
3. device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication means as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the foundation with
Device-independent quantum communications model, including：
If A particles are sent to transmitting terminal by listener-in Eve, beta particle is sent to receiving terminal；Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal difference are random
It chooses and measures the respective particle of input x and y ∈ { 0,1 } measurements, wherein x=0 indicates elder generation ZSBase measures Z againPBase measures, x=1 tables
Show first ZSBase measures X againPBase measures；Wherein y=0 indicates elder generation ZSBase measures againBase measures, and y=1 indicates elder generation ZS
Base measures againBase measures；
The measurement result of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal is expressed as a and b ∈ { 0l, 0u, 1l, 1u }；
Define CHSH inequality
P(a0=b0)+P(a0=b1)+P(a1=b0)+P(a1≠b1)≤3, wherein
P(aj=bk)=P (a=b=0l | x=j, y=k)+P (a=b=0u | x=j, y=k)+P (a=b=1l | x=j, y=
K)+P (a=b=1u | x=j, y=k)；
Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal choose some particle design conditions probability Ps (a, b | x, y), and judge whether to violate CHSH etc.
Formula, if violated, then it represents that listener-in Eve is distributed to transmitting terminal and the particle of receiving terminal is in super Entangled State.
4. a kind of cryptographic key distribution method of device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication means as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the cryptographic key distribution method includes：
A particles are sent to transmitting terminal by Eve, and beta particle is sent to receiving terminal；It is defeated that transmitting terminal and receiving terminal randomly select measurement respectively
Enter x and y ∈ { 0,1 } and measure their respective particles, wherein x=0 indicates elder generation ZSBase measures Z againPBase measures, and x=1 indicates elder generation ZS
Base measures X againPBase measures；Wherein y=0 indicates elder generation ZSBase measures againBase measures, and y=1 indicates elder generation ZSBase measures
AgainBase measures；The measurement result of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal is expressed as a and b ∈ { 0l, 0u, 1l, 1u }；
Define CHSH inequality
P(a0=b0)+P(a0=b1)+P(a1=b0)+P(a1≠b1)≤3, wherein
P(aj=bk)=P (a=b=0l | x=j, y=k)+P (a=b=0u | x=j, y=k)+P (a=b=1l | x=j, y=
K)+P (a=b=1u | x=j, y=k)；
Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal choose some particle design conditions probability Ps (a, b | x, y), and judge whether to violate CHSH etc.
Formula, if violated, then it represents that Eve is distributed to transmitting terminal and the particle of receiving terminal is in super Entangled State；Based on a super Entangled State,
Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal share two safe secret key 0l, 0u, 1l or 1u.
5. a kind of calculating for realizing device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication means described in Claims 1 to 4 any one
Machine program.
6. a kind of information processing terminal equipped with computer program described in claim 5.
7. a kind of computer readable storage medium, including instruction, when run on a computer so that computer is executed as weighed
Profit requires the device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication means described in 1-4 any one
8. a kind of device-independent high channel of device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication means as described in claim 1 holds
Measure quantum communication system, which is characterized in that the device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication system includes：
The quantum communications model unit unrelated with quantum state preparation source, in the worst cases, Entangled State being prepared by listener-in
Quantum state density function model；Then under the quantum state density function descriptive model when design flow sub-protocol, foundation
The principle of violating of Bell inequality rejects non-Entangled State, retains super Entangled State, and communicate based on super Entangled State, according to the list tangled
With property and not superlight speed principle makes listener-in that can not obtain any secret information by controlling preparation source；
With device-independent quantum communications model unit, the unrelated equipment includes that preparation source is unrelated and measuring apparatus is unrelated；With
The statistical probability relationship for outputting and inputting between result is measured in only analysis and whether violates Bell class inequality, and in this, as examining
Whether the decision condition of listener-in, structure with measuring apparatus unrelated quantum communications model are had in amount quantum communications；Make to be distributed to
Quantum state of the user for communication is in maximal entangled state, and according to the monogynous principle tangled and not superlight speed principle so that
No matter listener-in can not obtain the secret information of validated user using which kind of means by measuring apparatus；
With device-independent high channel capacity quantum traffic model unit, measured for being used as using the super Entangled State under multiple degrees of freedom
Subcarrier establishes device-independent super entangled quantum traffic model and carries out dense coding.
9. a kind of information processing terminal equipped with device-independent high channel capacity quantum communication system described in claim 8.
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