CN108736736A - 一种单相三电平Buck型动态电容装置 - Google Patents

一种单相三电平Buck型动态电容装置 Download PDF

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CN108736736A
CN108736736A CN201710242014.8A CN201710242014A CN108736736A CN 108736736 A CN108736736 A CN 108736736A CN 201710242014 A CN201710242014 A CN 201710242014A CN 108736736 A CN108736736 A CN 108736736A
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phase
converters
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level buck
buck type
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陈红兵
李响
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/293—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4266—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using passive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/293—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/2932—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage, current or power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

本发明提供了一种单相三电平Buck型动态电容装置，包括：单相三电平Buck型AC‑AC变换器和补偿电容。单相三电平Buck型AC‑AC变换器的输入端通过开关与单相电网连接，输出端连接滤波电感的一端，滤波电感的另一端通过开关与补偿电容相连接。用合理的策略控制单相三电平Buck型AC‑AC变换器，使单相三电平动态电容装置补偿电网无功。故障旁路开关跨接在单相三电平Buck型AC‑AC变换器的输入端和输出端，若单相三电平Buck型AC‑AC变换器发生故障，则单相三电平Buck型AC‑AC变换器退出运行，同时闭合故障旁路开关，补偿电容被接入电网，补偿电网无功。该单相三电平动态电容装置可以替代现有并联补偿装置(如STATCOM)，克服现有并联补偿装置的成本高，故障率高，控制技术复杂和开关管(IGBT)的电压应力过高等不足。

Description

一种单相三电平Buck型动态电容装置
技术领域
本发明涉及电力技术和电力电子领域，具体涉及一种电力系统无功补偿装置。
背景技术
在电网建设周期过长，现有电力系统设施更新相对滞后，以及电力需求日益增长的情况下，增强控制电网潮流的能力，从而提高现有电网的输电能力，具有重要的经济意义和社会意义。
为了有效控制电网中的潮流、提高电网的电能传输能力和电力系统的稳定性，柔性交流输电技术(FACTS)被广泛研究和应用，根据FACTS控制器接入电网的方式，可将其分为并联型、串联型和混合型三种。当负荷增加时，如果不相应增加电力系统中的无功电源，则电网电压将下降，因此，为了维持电网电压处于正常水平，一般采用并联型无功补偿装置补偿电网无功功率。
静止无功补偿器(SVC)属于第一代并联型FACTS技术，可以连续调节输出的无功功率，动态响应快，是一种广泛应用的并联型无功动态补偿装置；SVC不仅广泛应用于配电网，以提高电能质量和供电可靠性，还应用于输电电网，控制节点电压，提高系统稳定性、传输可靠性和输送容量；静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)是另一种先进的并联型无功补偿装置，STATCOM并联于电网中，通过改变输出电压来调节所输出的无功功率，等效为一个可控电流源，它根据负荷无功电流的变化，自动补偿电网所需的无功功率，在动态性能方面优于SVC。但是，STATCOM的造价高，维护困难，设备故障率高，控制技术复杂，因此，它未完全取代SVC，主要用于大功率场合。
本发明提供了一种单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器+交流薄膜电容(补偿电容)的动态电容装置，成本低、可靠性高、控制技术简单，并且有两个控制维度，无功补偿性能可以与STATCOM的补偿性能媲美，因此，本发明公开的基于单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器的动态电容装置完全可以克服STATCOM的不足，甚至在某些应用场合可以取代STATCOM；并且所述单相三电平动态电容装置克服了现有动电容装置中开关管的电压应力过高的不足。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种单相三电平动态电容装置，以解决现有两电平Buck型动态电容装置中开关管的电压应力过高的问题、克服STATCOM装置的制造成本高、控制技术复杂、故障率高等缺点。
本发明提供了一种单相动态电容装置，包括单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器、故障旁路开关、开关、滤波电感和补偿电容器，所述单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器的输入端通过开关与单相电网相连；所述单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器的输出端与所述滤波电感相连；所述滤波电感通过开关与补偿电容相连，所述单相三电平动态电容装置还设有故障旁路开关。
在上述方案基础上优选，所述故障旁路开关是双向可控硅，在单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器故障时，所述单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器退出运行，同时所述故障旁路开关将单相电网与所述补偿电容直接连接起来，补偿电网的无功功率。
在上述方案基础上优选，所述单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器与所述补偿电容直接之间还装设有滤波电感，以减小补偿电流纹波和限制开关闭合时的冲击电流。
在上述方案基础上优选，所述补偿电容采用交流薄膜电容。
在上述方案基础上优选，所述单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器包括4个IGBT、前置LC滤波器。
本发明提供了一种单相三电平Buck型动态电容装置，采用三电平技术降低了电子开关IGBT的电压应力，采用故障旁路开关提高了装置的可靠性；本发明提供的一种单相动态电容装置制造成本低、可靠性高、补偿性能与STATCOM的补偿性能相当，在某些应用场合完全可以取代STATCOM。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明及其特征、外形和优点将会变得更明显。在全部附图中相同的标记指示相同的部分，并未刻意按照比例绘制附图，重点在于示出发明的主旨。
图1为本发明实施例提供的单相三电平动态电容装置的结构示意图；
图标：
11、44-开关；22-单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器；33-滤波电感；55-补偿电容；66-故障旁路开关。
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种单相三电平动态电容装置的整体电路图；
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
现结合附图详细阐述本发明的具体实施方式。
目前，在现有技术中，STATCOM的造价高，维护困难，设备故障率高，控制技术复杂，两电平Buck型动态电容装置中开关管的电压应力高。基于上述缺点，申请人采用单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器22作为装置中的核心模块，有效降低了开关管的电压应力；故障旁路开关跨接单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器的输入端和输出端，使单相三电平Buck型AC-AC动态电容装置具备冗余功能，即使在单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器发生故障的情况下，故障旁路开关66也能将补偿电容55接入电网，补偿电网的无功功率，并且补偿电容55采用使用寿命长的交流薄膜电容，提高了装置的可靠型，延长了装置的使用寿命。本发明涉及的控制技术简单，维护方便。为便于对本实施例进行理解，下面详细介绍本发明实施例所公开的一种单相三电平动态电容装置。
1、一种单相三电平动态电容装置，如参考图1，包括开关11、44、单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器22、滤波电感33、补偿电容55和故障旁路开关66，其中：
2、开关11的右端接单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器22的输入端，单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器22的输出端接滤波电感33，滤波电感33的右端接开关44的左端，开关44的左端接补偿电容55；
3、故障旁路开关66跨接在单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器22的输出端和输出端。
4、本发明提出的一种单相三电平动态电容装置整的体电路图如图1所示。一种单相三电平动态电容装置由单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器33、故障旁路开关66、补偿电容55、滤波电感33和开关11、44构成。
单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器33的详细实施方案为：开关K1的③号端接电感Lf1的左端，开关K1的④号端接电容Cf1的下端，电感Lf1的右端接电容Cf1的上端；电子开关T1、T2、T3和T4依次串接，组成电子开关支路，电子开关T1的左侧接电容Cf1的上端，电子开关T4接电容Cf1的下端；电子开关T1的右端(A点)接电容Cb的左端，电子开关T3的下端(B点)电容Cb的右端；电感Lf2的左端接在电子开关T2的右端，电感Lf2的右端接开关K2的①号端，K2的③号端接补偿电容C的上端；K2的②号端接滤波电容Cf1的下端；K2的④号端接补偿电容C的下端；
故障旁路开关66的具体实施方案为：故障旁路开关TRIAC跨接在K1的③号端和电感Lf2的左端，开关K1的①、②端分别接单相电网的正、负极。
单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器33的电子开关T1、T2、T3和T4均是由2个参数、特性一致的绝缘栅晶体管(IGBT)反向串接(S的发射极接S′的发射极)而成。

Claims (4)

1.一种单相三电平动态电容装置，其特征在于，它由单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器、故障旁路开关、补偿电容、滤波电感和开关等组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的单相三电平动态电容装置，其单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器的输出端接滤波电感，所述故障旁路开关跨接在单相三电平Buck型AC-AC的输入端和输出端。
3.如权利要求1所述单相三电平动态电容装置的输入端通过开关接入单相电网，所述单相三电平动态电容装置的输出端先接一支电感，再通过一个开关接所述补偿电容。
4.权利要求1所述单相三电平Buck型AC-AC变换器由4个IGBT、前置LC滤波器和飞跨电容组成，所述故障旁路开关采用双向可控硅，所述补偿电容采用交流薄膜电容。
CN201710242014.8A 2017-04-14 2017-04-14 一种单相三电平Buck型动态电容装置 Pending CN108736736A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20181102