CN108735529B - A kind of preparation method of nanometer combined electrode material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of nanometer combined electrode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN108735529B CN108735529B CN201710273871.4A CN201710273871A CN108735529B CN 108735529 B CN108735529 B CN 108735529B CN 201710273871 A CN201710273871 A CN 201710273871A CN 108735529 B CN108735529 B CN 108735529B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/36—Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of nanometer combined electrode material, the processing step is: first, a certain amount of nickel salt, microcosmic salt and surfactant are sufficiently stirred in the mixed solution of second alcohol and water, system is added in pyroreaction kettle, at a certain temperature reaction a period of time, the phosphorous acid nickel nano material of hollow ball-shape can be prepared;Secondly, certain density graphene oxide solution and the hollow ball-shape phosphorous acid nickel suspension Jing Guo polyelectrolyte-modified mistake are sufficiently mixed, it then adds a certain amount of hydrazine hydrate solution to stir at a certain temperature, the hollow ball-shape eye nickel phosphate nanometer combined electrode material of graphene coated can be obtained.This method prepares redox graphene-hollow ball-shape phosphorous acid nickel nanometer combined electrode material using simple technique, the synergistic effect of the two is played, to obtain the electrode material haveing excellent performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electrode material technical fields, are related to a kind of preparation method of nanometer combined electrode material, specifically relate to
And a kind of redox graphene-hollow ball-shape phosphorous acid nickel nanometer combined electrode material preparation method.
Background technique
Supercapacitor, also known as electrochemical capacitor are that one kind between traditional capacitor and chemical cell is new
The energy storage device of type.Supercapacitor has high power density, can abrupt release ultrahigh current, the charging time is short, charge efficiency
High, the features such as service life is long.This supercapacitor has wide in fields such as new-energy automobile, computer market, military equipments
Application prospect, it has also become the hot spot of the numerous scientists in world research, but the low disadvantage of energy density limits it widely
Using.
With the fast development of modern mobile electron, people have put into huge exert in cleaning and field of renewable energy
Power.These energy include solar energy, wind energy and tide energy etc., but these energy have the characteristics that randomness and intermittence mostly,
Therefore, people have to develop a series of high performance energy storage devices for these energy collections.
Nano material receives much attention in the research of electrode material because it has the characteristics that size is small, large specific surface area.
It is obviously improved much than traditional block materials using capacity of lithium ion battery after nano-electrode material, however nano material
Using also bringing corresponding problem.
Graphene is a kind of excellent conductive material, its electron mobility is more than 15000cm under room temperature2/V·s.Because of it
Resistivity is extremely low, and the speed of electron transfer is exceedingly fast, therefore is expected to play in the electronics industry epoch and more importantly act on, and is storing up
Energy field, although its own electric conductivity is excellent, specific capacity is lower;Phosphorous acid nickel has high specific capacity and is easy preparation
Advantage, but itself electric conductivity is not high, and structure is easy to be destroyed in charge and discharge process.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome existing phosphorous acid nickel conductivity not high, the poor deficiency of chemical property, the present invention provides one
The preparation method of the simple and easy nanometer combined electrode material of kind, this method prepare reduction-oxidation graphite using simple technique
Alkene-hollow ball-shape phosphorous acid nickel nanometer combined electrode material, plays the synergistic effect of the two, to obtain the electricity haveing excellent performance
Pole material.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of preparation method of nanometer combined electrode material, the preparation method the following steps are included:
1) it prepares phosphorous acid nickel: nickel nitrate, sodium hypophosphite and surfactant is dissolved in the mixing of dehydrated alcohol and water
In solution, magnetic agitation pours into isothermal reaction in reaction kettle, is successively washed after reaction with the centrifugation of water, dehydrated alcohol and toluene
Product is washed, is dried in vacuo to get the phosphorous acid nickel of hollow ball-shape is arrived;Wherein nickel nitrate is nickel source, and sodium hypophosphite is phosphorus source, surface
The use of activating agent can regulate and control the pattern of product.
2) it coats phosphorous acid nickel: phosphorous acid nickel being added in poly diallyldimethylammonium chloride solution, ultrasonic disperse is slowly added dropwise
Into graphene oxide solution, dropwise addition while, is quickly stirred, and then to hydrazine hydrate solution is added dropwise in solution, continues to stir, and is risen
Temperature is simultaneously reacted, and reaction product is filtered to and is collected filter residue, filter residue is washed with water, and is dried in vacuo, reduction-oxidation can be obtained
The nanometer combined electrode material of graphene coated phosphorous acid nickel;Poly diallyldimethylammonium chloride solution can make phosphorous acid nickel particle surface
Positively charged, surface of graphene oxide has negative electrical charge, graphene oxide can be promoted to be coated on by the attraction of positive and negative charge
Phosphorous acid nickel surface;Hydrazine hydrate can play the role of redox graphene.
Preferably, in step 1), the molar ratio of nickel nitrate, sodium hypophosphite and surfactant is 2:1:1, surfactant
For odium stearate;The molar ratio of nickel nitrate and sodium hypophosphite directly determines the atomic ratio of nickel and phosphorus in production object, the present invention
Through a large number of experiments, when nickel nitrate, sodium hypophosphite and surfactant molar ratio be 2:1:1, just generate hollow Asia
Phosphoric acid nickel particle.
Preferably, in step 1), dehydrated alcohol and water are isometric mixing.
Preferably, in step 1), the time of magnetic agitation is 15-25min, and reaction kettle is placed in 160-200 DEG C of condition
Lower reaction 700-750 minutes makes solute adequately dissolve and react during this.
Preferably, in step 1), vacuum drying temperature is 50-70 DEG C, and the vacuum drying time is 12 hours, dry
Temperature is not high, can prevent product from aoxidizing under conditions of low-temperature vacuum drying, and 12h can guarantee that product is completely dried.
Preferably, in step 2), the concentration of poly diallyldimethylammonium chloride solution is 1g/L, by its ultrasonic disperse 0.8-1.2h;
The concentration of graphene oxide solution is 0.2g/L.
Preferably, in step 2), the time quickly stirred is 4-6h, and it is 0 that the temperature of reaction system is maintained in whipping process
DEG C, it prevents reaction process under high-temperature condition too fast, causes to react insufficient.
Preferably, in step 2), reaction system is warming up to 95-98 DEG C and isothermal reaction after hydrazine hydrate solution is added dropwise
0.8-1.2h, heating can promote the reducing degree of graphene oxide.
Preferably, in step 2), vacuum drying temperature is 50-70 DEG C, and the vacuum drying time is 7-9h, cryogenic vacuum
Drying can prevent product from aoxidizing.
The invention has the advantages that the present invention solves, existing phosphorous acid nickel conductivity is not high, and chemical property is poor is asked
Topic, after phosphorous acid nickel carries out graphene coated, the electronics of phosphorous acid nickel surface can be exported rapidly by graphene, to increase
Add material specific capacity, preferably raising chemical property.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that embodiment 1 obtains redox graphene cladding hollow ball-shape phosphorous acid nickel nanometer combined electrode material SEM
Characterization;
Fig. 2 is that embodiment 1 obtains redox graphene cladding hollow ball-shape phosphorous acid nickel nanometer combined electrode material XRD
Characterization;
Fig. 3 obtains redox graphene cladding hollow ball-shape phosphorous acid nickel nanometer combined electrode material for embodiment 1 and surpasses
Capacitor charge and discharge test.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
Embodiment 1
(1) phosphorous acid nickel is prepared: by 1mmol Ni (NO3)2·6H2O、0.5mmolNaH2PO2·H2O and 0.5mmol is stearic
Sour sodium is dissolved in 20mL ethyl alcohol and 20mL water mixed solution, by mixed liquor magnetic agitation 20min at room temperature, then by this
Mixed liquor, which pours into, is tamping stainless steel cauldron in the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining of autoclave, reaction kettle is put into thermostatic drying chamber,
It is heated to 180 DEG C of reaction 720min;After reaction, deionized water, dehydrated alcohol and toluene centrifuge washing product number are successively used
It is secondary to remove a large amount of surfactant and unreacted inorganic matter, be dried in vacuo 12 hours at 60 DEG C finally to get hollow
Spherical phosphorous acid nickel by powder.
(2) graphene coated phosphorous acid nickel: weighing 10mg phosphorous acid nickel by powder, and 1gL is added-1Poly diallyldimethylammonium chloride it is molten
In liquid, then above-mentioned reaction solution is slowly dropped to the graphene oxide solution (0.2g through ultrasonic disperse by ultrasonic disperse 1h
L-1) in, 5h is quickly stirred, and maintain the temperature of reaction system at 0 DEG C;Then it is molten that 20uL hydrazine hydrate is added dropwise into above-mentioned solution again
Liquid (N2H4, 80wt%), then mixed solution is heated to 98 DEG C, isothermal reaction 1h;Filter residue is filtered and collected, deionized water is used
Repeatedly washing filter residue takes out after filter residue is put into the dry 8h of 60 DEG C of vacuum ovens, it is hollow to obtain redox graphene cladding
Spherical phosphorous acid nickel nanometer combined electrode material.
SEM table is carried out to obtained redox graphene cladding hollow ball-shape phosphorous acid nickel nanometer combined electrode material
Sign, XRD characterization and electrochemical capacitance charge-discharge test, obtain Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, from figure 1 it appears that the graphite oxide of reduction
Alkene has the feature of ultrathin transparent, and is uniformly coated on the surface of spherical particle;Figure it is seen that graphene
Addition does not impact the crystal structure of sample, the XRD of sample 23 ° of 2 θ ≈ of position have a broad peak mainly due to
Caused by the introducing of redox graphene (rGO);Fig. 3 is the constant current charge-discharge curve of sample, can be calculated from figure
Specific capacity of the sample under different current densities, wherein in 0.8Ag-1Under current density, specific capacity is 1120F g-1, material
Specific capacity is higher, and chemical property is preferable.Calculation formula is that (I × Δ t)/(m × Δ V), I/m represent current density, Δ t to C=
Represent voltage range when discharge time, Δ V generation electric discharge.
Embodiment 2
(1) phosphorous acid nickel is prepared: by 2mmol Ni (NO3)2·6H2O、1mmol NaH2PO2·H2O and 1mmol stearic acid
Sodium is dissolved in 30mL ethyl alcohol and 30mL water mixed solution, then mixed liquor magnetic agitation 15min at room temperature mixes this
Conjunction liquid, which pours into, is tamping stainless steel cauldron in the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining of autoclave, reaction kettle is put into thermostatic drying chamber, is added
Heat is to 160 DEG C of reaction 700min;After reaction, deionized water, dehydrated alcohol and toluene centrifuge washing products several times are successively used
To remove a large amount of surfactant and unreacted inorganic matter, it is dried in vacuo 12 hours at 50 DEG C finally to get hollow sphere
Shape phosphorous acid nickel by powder.
(2) graphene coated phosphorous acid nickel: weighing 15mg phosphorous acid nickel by powder, and 0.8g L is added-1Polyallyl chlorination
In ammonium salt solution, then above-mentioned reaction solution is slowly dropped to the graphene oxide solution through ultrasonic disperse by ultrasonic disperse 0.8h
(0.15g L-1) in, 4h is quickly stirred, and maintain the temperature of reaction system at 0 DEG C;Then 20uL is added dropwise into above-mentioned solution again
Hydrazine hydrate solution (N2H4, 80wt%), then mixed solution is heated to 95 DEG C, isothermal reaction 0.8h;Filter residue is filtered and collects,
Filter residue is repeatedly washed with deionized water, is taken out after filter residue is put into the dry 7h of 50 DEG C of vacuum ovens, obtains reduction-oxidation graphite
Alkene coats hollow ball-shape phosphorous acid nickel nanometer combined electrode material.
SEM table is carried out to obtained redox graphene cladding hollow ball-shape phosphorous acid nickel nanometer combined electrode material
Sign, XRD characterization and electrochemical capacitance charge-discharge test, obtained result is consistent with embodiment 1, and the graphene oxide of reduction has super
Thin transparent feature, and be uniformly coated on the surface of spherical particle, and the addition of graphene is to the crystal knot of sample
Structure does not impact, and the chemical property of material is preferable.
Embodiment 3
(1) phosphorous acid nickel is prepared: by 1.5mmol Ni (NO3)2·6H2O、1.5mmol NaH2PO2·H2O and 0.8mmol
Odium stearate is dissolved in 25mL ethyl alcohol and 25mL water mixed solution, by mixed liquor magnetic agitation 25min at room temperature, then
This mixed liquor is poured into and is tamping stainless steel cauldron in the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining of autoclave, reaction kettle is put into thermostatic drying chamber
It is interior, it is heated to 200 DEG C of reaction 750min;After reaction, deionized water, dehydrated alcohol and toluene centrifuge washing product are successively used
For several times to remove a large amount of surfactant and unreacted inorganic matter, it is dried in vacuo 12 hours at 70 DEG C finally to get sky
Bulbus cordis shape phosphorous acid nickel by powder.
(2) graphene coated phosphorous acid nickel: weighing 15mg phosphorous acid nickel by powder, and 1.2g L is added-1Polyallyl chlorination
In ammonium salt solution, then above-mentioned reaction solution is slowly dropped to the graphene oxide solution through ultrasonic disperse by ultrasonic disperse 1.2h
(0.25g L-1) in, 6h is quickly stirred, and maintain the temperature of reaction system at 0 DEG C;Then 20uL is added dropwise into above-mentioned solution again
Hydrazine hydrate solution (N2H4, 80wt%), then mixed solution is heated to 98 DEG C, isothermal reaction 1.2h;Filter residue is filtered and collects,
Filter residue is repeatedly washed with deionized water, is taken out after filter residue is put into the dry 9h of 70 DEG C of vacuum ovens, obtains reduction-oxidation graphite
Alkene coats hollow ball-shape phosphorous acid nickel nanometer combined electrode material.
SEM table is carried out to obtained redox graphene cladding hollow ball-shape phosphorous acid nickel nanometer combined electrode material
Sign, XRD characterization and electrochemical capacitance charge-discharge test, obtained result is consistent with embodiment 1, and the graphene oxide of reduction has super
Thin transparent feature, and be uniformly coated on the surface of spherical particle, and the addition of graphene is to the crystal knot of sample
Structure does not impact, and the chemical property of material is preferable.
Finally, it should be noted that obviously, the above embodiment is merely an example for clearly illustrating the present invention, and simultaneously
The non-restriction to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the art, it can also do on the basis of the above description
Other various forms of variations or variation out.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And thus drawn
The obvious changes or variations that Shen goes out are still in the protection scope of this invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of preparation method of nanometer combined electrode material, which is characterized in that the preparation method the following steps are included:
1) it prepares phosphorous acid nickel: nickel nitrate, sodium hypophosphite and surfactant is dissolved in the mixed solution of dehydrated alcohol and water
In, magnetic agitation pours into isothermal reaction in reaction kettle, is successively produced after reaction with water, dehydrated alcohol and toluene centrifuge washing
Object is dried in vacuo to get the phosphorous acid nickel of hollow ball-shape is arrived;
2) it coats phosphorous acid nickel: phosphorous acid nickel being added in poly diallyldimethylammonium chloride solution, ultrasonic disperse, be slowly added dropwise to oxygen
In graphite alkene solution, dropwise addition while, is quickly stirred, and then to hydrazine hydrate solution is added dropwise in solution, continues to stir, and heating is simultaneously
Reaction product, is filtered and is collected filter residue, filter residue is washed with water by reaction, is dried in vacuo, reduction-oxidation graphite can be obtained
The nanometer combined electrode material of alkene cladding phosphorous acid nickel;
Wherein, in step 1):
The molar ratio of nickel nitrate, sodium hypophosphite and surfactant is 2:1:1, and surfactant is odium stearate;
Dehydrated alcohol and water are isometric mixing;
The time of magnetic agitation is 15-25min, is reacted 700-750 minutes under conditions of reaction kettle is placed in 160-200 DEG C;
Vacuum drying temperature is 50-70 DEG C, and the vacuum drying time is 12 hours;
Wherein, in step 2:
The concentration of poly diallyldimethylammonium chloride solution is 1 g/L, by its ultrasonic disperse 0.8-1.2h;The concentration of graphene oxide solution
For 0.2 g/L;
The time quickly stirred is 4-6h, and it is 0 DEG C that the temperature of reaction system is maintained in whipping process;
Reaction system is warming up to 95-98 DEG C and isothermal reaction 0.8-1.2h after hydrazine hydrate solution is added dropwise;
Vacuum drying temperature is 50-70 DEG C, and the vacuum drying time is 7-9h.
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