CN113401948B - Negative electrode Fe of lithium ion battery 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 Composite material, preparation method and application - Google Patents

Negative electrode Fe of lithium ion battery 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 Composite material, preparation method and application Download PDF

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CN113401948B
CN113401948B CN202110671765.8A CN202110671765A CN113401948B CN 113401948 B CN113401948 B CN 113401948B CN 202110671765 A CN202110671765 A CN 202110671765A CN 113401948 B CN113401948 B CN 113401948B
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composite material
lithium ion
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CN113401948A (en
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王素琴
许招秀
黎泓波
徐嘉敏
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Jiangxi Normal University
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    • C01G49/06Ferric oxide [Fe2O3]
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    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/523Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron for non-aqueous cells
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    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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Abstract

The invention provides a lithium ion battery cathode Fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 Dissolving ferric salt, urotropine and sublimed sulfur in water, stirring, carrying out hydrothermal reaction, washing, drying and calcining the obtained product to obtain Fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 A composite material. Fe prepared herein 2 O 3 /Fe 7 S 8 The composite material is in a pine needle ball shape, provides a large contact area for the electrolyte and the electrode, and promotes charge and Li + The fast transfer of (2); and the composite material forms a larger space gap, and the volume expansion of the material during lithium intercalation is relieved, so the electrochemical performance of the battery is effectively improved. Thereby Fe 2 O 3 /Fe 7 S 8 The composite electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity. 0.1 C multiplying power is used for charging and discharging for 200 times, and the capacity is as high as 1000 mAh/g.

Description

Negative electrode Fe of lithium ion battery 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 Composite material, preparation method and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of energy storage materials, in particular to Fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 A composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Currently, commercial lithium ion batteriesThe cathode material is mainly graphite with good cycling stability, but the specific capacity is lower (the theoretical specific capacity is only 372 mAh 8729g) -1 ) And the requirements of people on the lithium ion battery with high power density and high energy density cannot be met. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a negative electrode material having a high specific capacity, high cycle stability and high rate performance to replace the existing graphite negative electrode.
Fe. O and S widely exist in the nature, are low in price and friendly to the environment, and iron oxides have the advantages of high energy density, safety, no toxicity, stable structure and low price, and are deeply concerned by researchers. Therefore, iron oxides are ideal negative electrode materials for lithium ion batteries. Wherein Fe 2 O 3 The theoretical capacity of the catalyst reaches 1008 mAh g -1 However, the practical discharge capacity is very low, about 300 mAh g-1, and the cycling stability and rate performance can not meet the requirements, which are mainly limited by the volume change and the dynamics of the active material. To improve Fe 2 O 3 Is generally Fe 2 O 3 Nanocrystallization, or preparation of Fe 2 O 3 And C, the reversible capacity and the cycle life of the negative electrode material are improved to a certain extent.
Also, iron has poor sulfide stability, fe 7 S 8 Theoretical capacity of 667 mAh g -1 The actual discharge capacity is slightly higher than that of Fe 3 O 4 Actual discharge capacity of (c). However, fe 7 S 8 The material has the defects of low conductivity, volume expansion in the charge-discharge cycle process, active substance dissolution in electrolyte and the like, so that the cyclicity and the rate capability of the material are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides Fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 The composite material, the preparation method and the application thereof solve the problem of Fe 2 O 3 And Fe 7 S 8 Low actual discharge specific capacity and bad cycle capacity and cycle life.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows:
lithium ion battery cathode Fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 A process for the preparation of a composite material by reacting 0.6g Fe (NO) 3 )·9H 2 O, 1.19g of urotropin and 0.12g of sublimed sulfur are dissolved in 30mL of water, the mixture is continuously stirred for 20min, and then the obtained solution is poured into an autoclave (50 mL) and placed in an oven for reaction at 160-200 ℃ for 8-16h. After cooling to room temperature, the obtained precipitate was washed with water and ethanol 2-3 times, respectively. Finally, fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 The powder was dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 8 hours. Then transferred to a tube furnace in N 2 Annealing at 450-500 deg.C for 2-3h in the atmosphere, with the heating rate of 5 deg.C/min -1
Said Fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 The composite material is in a pine needle ball shape, and the particle size is uniform.
The method takes ferric nitrate, urotropine and sublimed sulfur as raw materials, and prepares the composite lithium ion battery cathode material (Fe) through hydrothermal synthesis and high-temperature calcination 2 O 3 /Fe 7 S 8 )。Fe 2 O 3 /Fe 7 S 8 Mixing with Super P, PVDF and N-methyl pyrrolidone in proportion, coating on copper foil, and drying at 80 deg.C for 12 hr; then slicing and drying for 4 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain the lithium ion battery negative pole piece.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: fe prepared herein 2 O 3 /Fe 7 S 8 The composite material is pine needle ball-shaped, provides a large contact area for the electrolyte and the electrode, and promotes charge and Li + Fast transfer of (2); and the composite material forms a larger space gap, and the volume expansion of the material during lithium intercalation is relieved, so the electrochemical performance of the battery is effectively improved. Thereby Fe 2 O 3 /Fe 7 S 8 The composite electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity. 0.1 C multiplying power is charged and discharged for 200 times, and the capacity is up to 1000 mAh/g.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows Fe prepared in example 1 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of (a).
FIG. 2 shows Fe prepared in example 1 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of (A) and (B) Fe 2 O 3 And Fe 7 S 8 Standard card drawings.
FIG. 3 is Fe prepared in example 1 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
FIG. 4 shows Fe prepared in example 1 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 A0.1C constant current charge and discharge curve diagram of a battery assembled by the cathode material prepared by the sample is shown.
FIG. 5 shows Fe prepared in example 1 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) curves after the sample prepared negative electrode material was assembled into a battery.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
0.6g of Fe (NO) 3 )·9H 2 O, 1.19g of urotropin and 0.12g of sublimed sulfur were dissolved in 30mL of water, the mixture was stirred for 20min, and the resulting solution was poured into an autoclave (50 mL) and placed in an oven at 180 ℃ for reaction for 10h. After cooling to room temperature, the obtained precipitate was washed with water and ethanol 2-3 times, respectively. Finally, fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 The powder was dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 8 hours. Then transferred to a tube furnace in N 2 Annealing at 500 deg.C for 2h at a temperature rise rate of 5 deg.C/min -1
Example 2
0.6g of Fe (NO) 3 )·9H 2 O, 1.12g of urotropin and 0.12g of sublimed sulfur were dissolved in 30mL of water, and the mixture was stirred for 20min, and then the resulting solution was poured into an autoclave (50 mL) and placed in an oven at 180 ℃ for reaction for 10h. After cooling to room temperature, the obtained precipitate was washed with water and ethanol 2-3 times, respectively. Finally, fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 The powder was dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 8 hours. Then transferred to a tube furnace in N 2 Annealing at 500 deg.C for 2h at a temperature of 5 deg.C/min -1
Example 3
0.6g of Fe (NO) 3 )·9H 2 O, 1.26g of urotropin and 0.12g of sublimed sulfur were dissolved in 30mL of water, the mixture was stirred for 20min, and the resulting solution was poured into an autoclave (50 mL) and placed in an oven at 180 ℃ for reaction for 10h. After cooling to room temperature, the obtained precipitate was washed with water and ethanol 2-3 times, respectively. Finally, fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 The powder was dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 8 hours. Then transferred to a tube furnace in N 2 Annealing at 500 deg.C for 2h at a temperature of 5 deg.C/min -1
Example 4
0.6g of Fe (NO) 3 )·9H 2 O, 1.19g of urotropin and 0.12g of sublimed sulfur were dissolved in 30mL of water, the mixture was stirred for 20min, and then the resulting solution was poured into an autoclave (50 mL) and placed in an oven at 180 ℃ for reaction for 8h. After cooling to room temperature, the obtained precipitate was washed with water and ethanol 2-3 times, respectively. Finally, fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 The powder was dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 8 hours. Then transferred to a tube furnace in N 2 Annealing at 500 deg.C for 2h at a temperature of 5 deg.C/min -1
Example 5
0.6g of Fe (NO) 3 )·9H 2 O, 1.19g of urotropin and 0.12g of sublimed sulfur were dissolved in 30mL of water, the mixture was stirred for 20min, and then the resulting solution was poured into an autoclave (50 mL) and placed in an oven at 180 ℃ for reaction for 12h. After cooling to room temperature, the obtained precipitate was washed with water and ethanol 2-3 times, respectively. Finally, fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 The powder was dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 8 hours. Then transferred to a tube furnace in N 2 Annealing at 500 deg.C for 2h at a temperature of 5 deg.C/min -1
Example 6
0.6g of Fe (NO) 3 )·9H 2 O, 1.1g of urotropin and 0.12g of sublimed sulfur were dissolved in 30mL of water, the mixture was stirred for 20min, and then the resulting solution was poured into an autoclave (50 mL) and placed in an oven at 160 ℃ for reaction for 8h. After cooling to room temperature, the obtained precipitate was washed with water and ethanol 2-3 times, respectively. Finally, fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 The powder was dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 8 hours. Then transferred to a tube furnace in N 2 Annealing at 450 deg.C for 2.5h in the atmosphere, and heating rate of 5 deg.C/min -1
Example 7
0.6g of Fe (NO) 3 )·9H 2 O, 1.30g of urotropin and 0.12g of sublimed sulfur were dissolved in 30mL of water, the mixture was stirred for 20min, and then the resulting solution was poured into an autoclave (50 mL) and placed in an oven at 200 ℃ for reaction for 16h. After cooling to room temperature, the obtained precipitate was washed with water and ethanol 2-3 times, respectively. Finally, fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 The powder was dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 8 hours. Then transferred to a tube furnace in N 2 Annealing at 550 ℃ for 3h under the atmosphere, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃ per minute -1
Examples of the effects of the invention
Mixing the black magnetic powder obtained in the above embodiment with Super P, PVDF and N-methylpyrrolidone in proportion, coating the mixture on a copper foil, and drying the copper foil at 80 ℃ for 12 hours; then slicing, and further heating at 80 deg.CAnd drying for 4 hours to obtain the lithium ion battery negative pole piece. And then assembling the pole piece, the sodium metal, the diaphragm and the electrolyte into a battery, and testing, wherein the composite lithium ion battery negative electrode material Fe prepared in the embodiment 1 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 The best results of the charge and discharge performance test after the battery is assembled (as shown in fig. 3).
FIG. 1 shows sample Fe 2 O 3 /Fe 7 S 8 The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image shows that the composite material is like a pine needle ball and has a relatively large surface area to be contacted with the electrolyte.
FIG. 2 shows the Fe prepared by the present invention from the top to the bottom 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of (A) and (B) Fe 2 O 3 And Fe 7 S 8 Standard card drawing, which shows that the invention successfully prepares Fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 A material.
FIG. 3 shows Fe prepared by the present invention 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 Further illustrating the success of the present invention in the preparation of Fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 A material.
FIG. 4 is sample Fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 A0.1C constant-current charge-discharge curve diagram after the negative electrode material prepared by the sample is assembled into a battery shows that the discharge capacity reaches 1000 mAh/g after 200 cycles.
FIG. 5 shows Fe in sample 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) curves of the negative electrode materials prepared by the samples after the batteries are assembled.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (6)

1. Lithium ion battery cathode Fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 The preparation method of the composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:dissolving ferric salt, urotropine and sublimed sulfur in water, stirring, carrying out hydrothermal reaction, washing, drying and calcining the obtained product to obtain Fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 A composite material; said Fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 The composite material is in a pine needle ball shape; wherein the iron salt is Fe (NO) 3 )·9H 2 The mass ratio of O, ferric salt, urotropine and sublimed sulfur is 0.6: (1.1-1.3): 0.12.
2. the method of claim 1, wherein: the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 160-200 ℃ and the time is 8-16h.
3. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the calcination temperature of the dried product is 450-500 ℃ and the time is 2-3h.
4. A composite material produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: said Fe 7 S 8 /Fe 2 O 3 The composite material is in a pine needle ball shape, and the particle size is uniform.
5. Use of the composite material of claim 4 in a negative electrode material for a lithium ion battery.
6. Use according to claim 5, characterized in that: the battery capacity is up to 1000 mAh/g after charging and discharging circulation for 200 times at 0.1C multiplying power.
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