CN108728158B

CN108728158B - Device and method for separating crude oil containing water, three-phase separation equipment, free water removal equipment, electric dehydration equipment and settling tank

Info

Publication number: CN108728158B
Application number: CN201710242445.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘清华; 李震宇; 崔世华; 吉安霞; 赖育挺; 王增辉
Original assignee: China National Offshore Oil Corp CNOOC; CNOOC Petrochemical Engineering Co Ltd; CNOOC Oil and Petrochemicals Co Ltd
Current assignee: China National Offshore Oil Corp CNOOC; CNOOC Petrochemical Engineering Co Ltd; CNOOC Oil and Petrochemicals Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-04-14
Filing date: 2017-04-14
Publication date: 2020-08-14
Anticipated expiration: 2037-04-14
Also published as: CN108728158A

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of separation of crude oil containing water, in particular to a device and a method for separating crude oil containing water, a three-phase separation device, a free water removal device, an electric dehydration device and a settling tank. The invention relates to a water-containing crude oil separation device, which comprises a tank body, an optional interface instrument and an emulsion demulsification leading-out component, wherein the emulsion demulsification leading-out component comprises: the emulsion breaker comprises a first emulsion delivery pipe, a second emulsion delivery pipe, a breaker inlet pipe and a breaker distribution pipe. The invention also relates to a method for separating water-containing crude oil, and relates to a three-phase separation device, a free water removal device, an electric dehydration device and a settling tank. The device and the method for separating the crude oil containing water can remove the intractable emulsion in each device in the separation process of the crude oil containing water while improving the oil-water separation effect, ensure the safety of the separation process of the crude oil containing water, reduce the production cost and improve the production benefit.

Description

Device and method for separating crude oil containing water, three-phase separation equipment, free water removal equipment, electric dehydration equipment and settling tank

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of separation of water-containing crude oil, in particular to a device and a method for separating water-containing crude oil, a three-phase separation device, a free water removal device, an electric dehydration device and a settling tank.

Background

When oil and water are separated in the fields of petroleum and petrochemical industry and the like, an emulsion layer is arranged between an oil layer and a water layer. And separating the emulsion in the emulsion layer into oil and water after demulsification, and respectively entering an oil layer and a water layer. But often encounter the situation that the oil-water mixture forms a stable and persistent emulsion. This portion of the intractable emulsion (dispersed phase droplet diameter less than 50 μm) is stable in the separation vessel for a long time and is difficult to separate into oil and water.

The demulsifying effect of the emulsion is related to factors such as residence time, temperature, medicament concentration and the like. The longer the residence time, the higher the temperature, and the higher the agent concentration, the better the demulsification effect is generally.

The influence of the stubborn emulsion on the demulsification effect is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

(1) gravity settling separation devices typically remove oil from the upper portion and water from the lower portion. The emulsion has a specific gravity between that of oil and water and is difficult to be completely drained from the upper or lower part by gravity. The oil-water mixture is accumulated continuously in the production process, the volume of the equipment is occupied, the retention time of the oil-water mixture is reduced, and the separation effect is poor;

(2) the demulsifier is usually added at the inlet of the container, and enters the separation equipment along with the incoming liquid, so that higher medicament concentration can not be achieved in an emulsion layer;

(3) after a large amount of stubborn emulsion is accumulated in the electric dehydrator, the stubborn emulsion can easily reach the position of the polar plate, so that the power of the transformer is overlarge, and the transformer is burnt;

(4) the emulsion in actual production has a large amount of impurities, which affects the measurement of an interface instrument on an oil-water interface, causes large fluctuation of the oil-water interface, and affects normal production.

However, the prior art does not consider the technical scheme of emulsion derivation, and even directly neglects the problem of emulsion at all. For example, patent application CN105219429A does not consider the effect of emulsion on oil-water separation when considering oil-water separation. The other separation equipment can also respectively lead out oil and water, and the problem of intractable emulsion is not considered. In order to solve the problem of the intractable emulsion, the patent application CN103239892A adopts a solution of guiding out the purified oil, but the problem of accumulation of the intractable emulsion therein cannot be completely solved.

Therefore, there is an urgent need for an aqueous crude oil separation apparatus and method that can separate and remove the refractory emulsion.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defect that separation equipment has various problems due to the long-term existence of intractable emulsion in the prior art, and provides a water-containing crude oil separation device and method, three-phase separation equipment, free water removal equipment, electric dehydration equipment and a settling tank, wherein the water-containing crude oil separation device and method can effectively separate water-containing crude oil and can lead out the intractable emulsion.

Therefore, in order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an aqueous crude oil separation apparatus, which includes a tank, an optional interface meter, an emulsion breaking derivation part disposed in the tank, and an aqueous crude oil inlet, an oil outlet, and a water outlet disposed on a wall of the tank, the emulsion breaking derivation part including: the emulsion breaker comprises a first emulsion leading-out pipe, a second emulsion leading-out pipe, a demulsifier leading-in pipe and a demulsifier distributing pipe, wherein the demulsifier leading-in pipe is communicated with the demulsifier distributing pipe, and the demulsifier distributing pipe is provided with a first hole so that a demulsifier from the demulsifier leading-in pipe can be dispersed in an emulsion layer through the first hole; the emulsion breaking device comprises a first emulsion delivery pipe, a second emulsion delivery pipe, an interface instrument and a control device, wherein the first emulsion delivery pipe is communicated with the second emulsion delivery pipe, a second hole is formed in the first emulsion delivery pipe so that emulsion which is broken is remained and passes through the second emulsion delivery pipe and is delivered out of a tank body, and the interface instrument is used for detecting the height of an emulsion layer in the tank body so as to control the delivery of the emulsion.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for the separation of crude oil containing water, the method comprising:

the utility model discloses a demulsifier, including the water crude oil inlet, the tank is internal to be let in the water crude oil that will contain the demulsifier, under action of gravity and/or electric field effect for the water crude oil separates into aqueous phase and oil phase at least, the aqueous phase is external via water outlet delivery tank, the oil phase is external via oil outlet delivery tank, detects the height of internal emulsion layer of jar through the interface appearance, and when the height of internal emulsion layer of jar reached 5~ 45% of jar body diameter, it is leading-in and make it disperse in the emulsion layer with the demulsifier through demulsifier induction pipe and demulsifier distribution pipe, and when the height of internal emulsion layer of jar no longer changes, stops to let in the demulsifier, will be through remaining emulsion after the demulsification export jar external through first emulsion delivery pipe and second emulsion delivery pipe.

In a third aspect, the invention provides a three-phase separation device, which comprises the above water-containing crude oil separation device, wherein the three-phase separation device is of a horizontal structure, and two end walls of the tank body along the axial direction are cambered surfaces protruding outwards.

In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a free water removal device, which comprises the above-mentioned aqueous crude oil separation apparatus, wherein the free water removal device is of a horizontal structure, and two end walls of the tank body along the axial direction thereof are cambered surfaces protruding outwards.

In a fifth aspect, the invention provides an electric dehydration device, which comprises the above-mentioned water-containing crude oil separation device, wherein the electric dehydration device is of a horizontal structure, and two end walls of the tank body along the axial direction are cambered surfaces protruding outwards.

In a sixth aspect, the invention provides a settling tank, which comprises the above-mentioned water-containing crude oil separation device, wherein the settling tank is of a vertical structure, the upper end wall of the tank body is a vault, and the lower end wall of the tank body is a plane.

In the prior art, the demulsifier is added at the inlet of the separation equipment, and is uniformly distributed after entering the equipment along with the water-containing crude oil, so that a high-concentration area can not be realized in the equipment, and therefore, the intractable emulsion can not be effectively separated and discharged, and occupies the internal space of the equipment for a long time. According to the invention, the demulsifier distributing pipe is arranged in the water-containing crude oil separating device, and the demulsifier from the demulsifier inlet pipe is dispersed in the emulsion layer through the first hole on the demulsifier distributing pipe, so that key dosing can be realized in an area where intractable emulsion is formed, a local medicament high-concentration area is formed, and the demulsification effect is improved; and, be provided with the second hole on first emulsion delivery pipe to can make the intractable emulsion of unable breakdown of emulsion separation derive smoothly, avoid the long-term space that occupies the splitter of intractable emulsion and lead to the time of dwell of aqueous crude oil in the jar body shorter. In addition, the water-containing crude oil separation device can be used for various separation equipment, such as three-phase separation equipment, free water removal equipment, electric dehydration equipment, a settling tank and the like, and can remove intractable emulsion in each equipment in the water-containing crude oil separation process while improving the oil-water separation effect, thereby ensuring the safety of the water-containing crude oil separation process, reducing the production cost and improving the production benefit.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an aqueous crude oil separation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase separation apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a free water removal apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an electro-dewatering apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an electro-dewatering apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a settling tank according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a concentric sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of a first emulsion delivery line and a breaker distributor line in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

Description of the reference numerals

1 tank body

2 interface instrument

3 emulsion breaking leading-out component

301 first emulsion delivery pipe 3011 second hole 302 second emulsion delivery pipe

303 demulsifier inlet tube 304 demulsifier distributor 3041 first hole 305 fixed part

4 on-line analyzer

5 baffle

A1 first water outlet A2 second water outlet A3 third water outlet A4 fourth water outlet

B1 first oil outlet B2 second oil outlet B3 third oil outlet B4 fourth oil outlet

C1 first aqueous crude oil inlet C2 second aqueous crude oil inlet C3 third aqueous crude oil inlet C4 fourth aqueous crude oil inlet

D gas outlet

Detailed Description

The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

The invention provides a water-containing crude oil separation device, which comprises a tank body 1, an optional interface instrument 2, an emulsion demulsification leading-out component 3 arranged in the tank body, and a water-containing crude oil inlet, an oil outlet and a water outlet which are arranged on the wall of the tank body, wherein the emulsion demulsification leading-out component 3 comprises: the emulsion breaker comprises a first emulsion delivery pipe 301, a second emulsion delivery pipe 302, a demulsifier inlet pipe 303 and a demulsifier distributor pipe 304, wherein the demulsifier inlet pipe 303 is communicated with the demulsifier distributor pipe 304, and the demulsifier distributor pipe 304 is provided with a first hole 3041 so that a demulsifier from the demulsifier inlet pipe 303 is dispersed in an emulsion layer through the first hole; the first emulsion delivery pipe 301 and the second emulsion delivery pipe 302 are communicated, a second hole 3011 is formed in the first emulsion delivery pipe 301 so that emulsion left after demulsification can be delivered out of the tank body 1 through the second emulsion delivery pipe 302, and the interface instrument 2 is used for detecting the height of an emulsion layer in the tank body 1 so as to control the delivery of the emulsion.

In the invention, the emulsion remained after demulsification refers to intractable emulsion.

In the present invention, the can 1 may be a can having various shapes, for example, a cylindrical can.

According to the device provided by the invention, the water-containing crude oil separation device can comprise the interface instrument 2, or can not comprise the interface instrument 2, and preferably comprises the interface instrument 2, so that the accuracy of detecting the height of the emulsion layer can be improved, and the time for leading out the intractable emulsion can be controlled more accurately. When the water-containing crude oil separation device does not comprise the interface instrument 2, the height of the emulsion layer in the tank body 1 can be detected in other conventional modes, for example, pipelines are respectively led out at different heights of the tank body and provided with valves, and the judgment is carried out by observing the properties of liquid discharged by the pipelines at different heights, so that the purpose of controlling the leading-out of intractable emulsion is realized. And observation and judgment can be carried out through a transparent window arranged on the tank body.

In order to make the emulsion breaking leading-out component 3 have integrity and be easily applied to various types of separation equipment, the device according to the present invention preferably has the second emulsion leading-out pipe 302 and the emulsion breaking leading-in pipe 303 as concentric sleeves, and the concentric sleeves are arranged along the radial direction of the tank body 1; in one embodiment, the concentric sleeves are fixed to the side walls of the tank 1. In another embodiment, the concentric sleeves are fixed to the end walls of the tank 1. In the present invention, "side wall" refers to a wall of the can body parallel to the axial direction of the can body when the can body has a shape of a cylinder with at least one end surface being an outwardly convex arc surface, and "end wall" refers to an end surface of the can body, which may be an outwardly convex arc surface and optionally a flat surface. The meaning of "end wall" and "end face" in the present invention is the same and can be used interchangeably.

According to the device of the invention, at least 1 set of emulsion demulsification leading-out parts 3 can be arranged in the water-containing crude oil separation device, and particularly, the number of the emulsion demulsification leading-out parts 3 can be determined according to the requirements of practical application, for example, the number can be determined by the sizes of the emulsion demulsification leading-out parts 3 and the applied water-containing crude oil separation equipment, the properties of the water-containing crude oil to be separated and the like.

According to the device provided by the invention, when a plurality of sets of emulsion breaking leading-out parts 3 are arranged in the tank body, the plurality of sets of emulsion breaking leading-out parts 3 can be arranged at intervals, as long as the first emulsion leading-out pipes 301 in the plurality of sets of emulsion breaking leading-out parts 3 are completely positioned in an emulsion layer.

According to the device of the invention, the number of concentric sleeves may be at least 1. Preferably, 1 concentric sleeve is included in 1 emulsion breaking lead-out member 3.

According to the device, the first emulsion delivery pipe 301 and the emulsion breaker distributing pipe 304 are preferably arranged in parallel with the axial direction of the tank body 1. It is further preferred that the first emulsion delivery pipe 301 and the emulsion breaker distribution pipe 304 are arranged adjacent to each other in the radial direction of the tank 1, as limited by the height of the emulsion layer.

According to the device of the invention, as shown in fig. 7, the second emulsion outlet pipe 302 and the demulsifier inlet pipe 303 are concentric sleeves, and since the amount of demulsifier used is generally much less than the volume of the emulsion, the inner pipe is the demulsifier inlet pipe 303, and the outer pipe is the second emulsion outlet pipe 302. Generally, the demulsifier inlet 303 can be made of stainless steel, and the second emulsion outlet 302 can be made of plain carbon steel.

According to the device of the present invention, taking a horizontal tank as an example, as shown in fig. 8, the relative positions of the first emulsion delivery pipe 301 and the demulsifier distributor pipe 304 can be determined according to the different properties of the demulsifier. For example, when the demulsifier is an oil-in-water demulsifier, as shown in fig. 8a, the positions of the first emulsion delivery pipe 301 and the demulsifier distribution pipe 304 along the radial direction of the tank body 1 are: the first emulsion delivery line 301 and the breaker distributor pipe 304 are both disposed adjacent the water phase, and the first emulsion delivery line 301 is located above the breaker distributor pipe 304. When the demulsifier is a water-in-oil demulsifier, as shown in fig. 8b, the radial positions of the first emulsion outlet pipe 301 and the demulsifier distributor pipe 304 along the tank body 1 are: the first emulsion delivery line 301 and the demulsifier distributor 304 are both disposed adjacent to the oil phase, and the first emulsion delivery line 301 is located below the demulsifier distributor 304. When the tank body is vertical, the relative positions of the first emulsion delivery pipe 301 and the demulsifier distribution pipe 304 are similar to those of the horizontal tank body described above, except that the relative positions of the first emulsion delivery pipe 301 and the demulsifier distribution pipe 304 refer to the relative positions along the axial direction of the tank body 1.

The water-in-oil demulsifier according to the apparatus of the present invention is a water-in-oil demulsifier conventionally used in the art, and may be, for example, at least one of a polyoxyalkylene alcohol, a polyoxyalkylene polyamine, and a polyoxyalkylene resin, but is not limited thereto. Among them, the polyoxyalkylene alcohol surfactant may be, for example, SP169, BP2040, the polyoxyalkylene polyamine surfactant may be, for example, at least one of AP221, AP134, AE121, and AE8051, and the polyoxyalkylene resin surfactant may be, for example, TA 1031.

According to the device of the present invention, the oil-in-water demulsifier is a variety of conventional oil-in-water demulsifiers in the art, and may be at least one of an electrolyte demulsifier, a low molecular alcohol demulsifier, a surfactant demulsifier, and a polymer demulsifier, but not limited thereto. The electrolyte demulsifier may be at least one of hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride and aluminum nitrate, the low molecular alcohol demulsifier may be at least one of methanol, ethanol, propanol, hexanol and heptanol, and the surfactant demulsifier may be C₁₄H₂₉(CH₃)₃NCl、

May be, for example, a polymer-based demulsifier

And RO- (EO)_nAt least one of-H, wherein EO is an oxyethylene group and R is a saturated or unsaturated C₁₂～C₁₈The hydrocarbon group (b) may be a linear hydrocarbon group or a branched hydrocarbon group.

According to the device of the present invention, the number of the first emulsion delivery pipes 301 is at least 1, for example, 1 to 4, and when the number of the first emulsion delivery pipes 301 is 2 or more than 2, the first emulsion delivery pipes 301 are preferably arranged uniformly in the axial direction of the tank 1.

According to the device provided by the invention, the number of the demulsifier distributor pipes 304 is at least 1, for example, 1-4, and when the number of the demulsifier distributor pipes 304 is 2 or more than 2, the demulsifier distributor pipes 304 are preferably uniformly distributed in the axial direction of the tank body 1.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the emulsion breaking lead-out member 3 has 1 concentric casing therein, and has 2 or more than 2 first emulsion lead-out pipes 301 and emulsion breaker distributing pipes 304.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the projection of the first emulsion delivery pipe 301 and the emulsion breaker distribution pipe 304 in the axial direction of the tank body 1 has an included angle, and more preferably, the included angle is 30 to 90 degrees (preferably 45 to 90 degrees), so that the residence time of the emulsion breaker dispersed in the emulsion liquid layer through the first hole 3041 on the emulsion breaker distribution pipe 304 in the emulsion liquid layer can be prolonged, and the emulsion breaking effect on the intractable emulsion is significantly improved.

According to the device provided by the invention, when the projections of the first emulsion delivery pipe 301 and the emulsion breaker distribution pipe 304 in the axial direction of the tank body 1 do not have an included angle, the emulsion breaker delivered from the first hole 3041 may be directly delivered through the second hole 3011 on the first emulsion delivery pipe 301, so that the retention time of the emulsion breaker on an emulsion layer is short, and the emulsion breaking effect on intractable emulsion is poor. In this embodiment, in order to prevent the demulsifier coming out from the first hole 3041 from directly coming out through the second hole 3011 on the first emulsion delivery pipe 301, it is necessary to precisely control the directions of the first hole 3041 provided on the demulsifier distribution pipe 304 and the opening of the second hole 3011 provided on the first emulsion delivery pipe 301, and therefore, the setting mode of the device in this embodiment is not easy to control, and the operability in actual production is poor. This particular arrangement may also be an alternative if the time cost and complexity of the arrangement are neglected, taking into account the demulsifying effect only.

According to the apparatus of the present invention, the apparatus may further include: a fixing part 305, wherein the fixing part 305 makes the first emulsion delivery pipe 301 and the emulsion breaker distributing pipe 304 to be communicated with the concentric sleeve movably along the radial direction of the tank body 1. In the present invention, the positions of the first emulsion outlet pipe 301 and the emulsion breaker distributing pipe 304 along the radial direction of the tank body 1 may be changed along with the position of the emulsion layer. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, "movable along the radial direction of the tank body 1" means that the first emulsion outlet pipe 301 and the demulsifier distributor pipe 304 are movable along concentric casings.

According to the device of the present invention, the device may further be provided with a motor for providing lifting power for the first emulsion delivery pipe 301 and the demulsifier distributor pipe 304 to move along the radial direction of the tank body 1.

In a particular embodiment, when the aqueous crude oil separation unit comprises an interface meter 2, the interface meter 2 is arranged on the side wall of the tank, as shown in fig. 1. In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, when the aqueous crude oil separation unit includes an interface meter 2, the interface meter 2 is disposed on the end wall of the tank.

According to the device of the present invention, preferably, the device further comprises: and the online analyzer 4 is arranged on the emulsion discharge pipeline and is used for monitoring the oil-water ratio in the led emulsion in real time so as to determine the time end point of the led emulsion.

According to the device of the invention, the emulsion discharge pipeline can be also provided with an automatic valve which can be closed through the analysis result of the on-line analyzer 4. The automatic valve can be various automatic valves in the field, and can be a solenoid valve, for example. A pipeline with a transparent window can also be adopted, and the operation is carried out by manually controlling the valve by observing the properties of the liquid in the window.

According to the device of the present invention, preferably, the first holes 3041 on the demulsifier distribution pipe 304 are uniformly distributed, so as to be more favorable for the dispersion of the demulsifier on the emulsion layer, and further significantly improve the demulsification effect on the intractable emulsion.

According to the device provided by the invention, preferably, the second holes 3011 on the first emulsion delivery pipe 301 are uniformly distributed, so that the delivery of the intractable emulsion is more facilitated.

The shape of the holes of the first hole 3041 and the second hole 3011, and the number of holes are not particularly limited in the device according to the present invention. In addition, the aperture size of the first hole 3041 may be determined according to the size of the pipe diameter of the demulsifier distributor 304, and similarly, the aperture size of the second hole 3011 may be determined according to the size of the pipe diameter of the first emulsion delivery pipe 301.

According to the device of the invention, the tail end of the emulsion discharge pipeline is preferably provided with a pressure pump so as to facilitate the leading-out of the intractable emulsion.

introducing the water-containing crude oil containing the demulsifier into the tank body through the water-containing crude oil inlet, separating the water-containing crude oil into at least a water phase and an oil phase under the action of gravity and/or an electric field, the water phase is led out of the tank body through the water outlet, the oil phase is led out of the tank body through the oil outlet, the height of the emulsion layer in the tank body 1 is detected through the interface instrument 2, when the height of the emulsion layer in the tank body 1 reaches 5-45% of the diameter of the tank body 1, the demulsifier is introduced and dispersed in the emulsion layer through the demulsifier introduction pipe 303 and the demulsifier distribution pipe 304, when the height of the emulsion layer in the tank body 1 reaches 5-15% of the diameter of the tank body 1 and the height of the emulsion layer fed into the demulsifier is not changed any more, stopping feeding the demulsifier, the emulsion remaining after demulsification is led out of the tank body 1 through a first emulsion leading-out pipe 301 and a second emulsion leading-out pipe 302.

According to the method, when the height of the emulsion layer in the tank body 1 reaches 5-15% of the diameter of the tank body 1, the demulsifier is introduced and dispersed in the emulsion layer through the demulsifier introduction pipe 303 and the demulsifier distribution pipe 304, so that intractable emulsion can be separated and discharged in time, and the phenomenon that a large amount of intractable emulsion is accumulated in an electric separation device to reach the position of a polar plate to cause the over-high burning of the power of a transformer is avoided.

According to the method, when the height of the emulsion layer in the tank body 1 reaches 10-15% of the diameter of the tank body 1 and the height of the emulsion layer fed into the demulsifier is not changed, the feeding of the demulsifier is stopped, so that the waste of the demulsifier is further avoided, the utilization rate of the demulsifier is obviously improved, and the time for leading out the intractable emulsion can be accurately judged.

According to the method of the present invention, preferably, the method further comprises: the oil-water ratio in the derived emulsion is monitored in real time by the online analyzer 4 to determine the derived time end point of the emulsion, so that the derived time end point of the emulsion can be accurately judged. More preferably, when the oil-water ratio in the derived emulsion is 1: and stopping leading out the emulsion when the concentration is 0.1-0.25.

According to the method of the present invention, the crude oil containing water can be various crude oils containing water in the field, for example, the crude oil containing water has an oil content of 3 to 97%, and a water content corresponding to the oil content of 3 to 97%. The concentration of the demulsifier in the aqueous crude oil can be the concentration of various conventional demulsifiers in the field, and the concentration of the demulsifier is different according to the property and the type of the demulsifier and the water-oil ratio of the aqueous crude oil, and can be in a wide range, for example, 0.001-0.02 wt%.

The kind of the demulsifier according to the method of the present invention is as described above and will not be described herein. The residence time of the water-containing crude oil containing the demulsifier in the tank body can be set according to the size of the tank body, and the demulsification temperature is related to the properties, the residence time and the like of the water-containing crude oil and can be determined according to actual needs.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides a three-phase separation apparatus, as shown in fig. 2, including the above-mentioned aqueous crude oil separation device, wherein the three-phase separation apparatus is of a horizontal structure, and two end walls of the tank body 1 in the axial direction thereof are arc surfaces protruding outward.

According to the three-phase separation equipment disclosed by the invention, two end walls of the three-phase separation equipment can be specifically hemispherical, elliptic, dished and the like.

According to the three-phase separation apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that concentric sleeves are fixed to the side wall of the can body 1 for the convenience of installation.

According to the three-phase separation equipment of the invention, when the water-containing crude oil separation device comprises the interface instrument 2, the interface instrument 2 can be arranged on the side wall of the tank body 1.

The three-phase separation equipment according to the invention is provided with the above-mentioned aqueous crude oil separation device, and other parts are conventional parts of three-phase separation equipment in the field, for example, the equipment can further comprise: the baffle 5 is arranged on the side wall of the tank body, which is parallel to the axial direction of the tank body, and the direction of the baffle 5 is parallel to the radial direction of the tank body.

According to the three-phase separation apparatus of the present invention, the apparatus may further include: and a gas outlet D arranged on the side wall parallel to the axial direction of the tank body.

According to the three-phase separating device of the invention, the water outlet of the device is called the first water outlet A1, the oil outlet is called the first oil outlet B1, and the first water outlet A1 and the first oil outlet B1 are arranged on the side wall opposite to the gas outlet D.

The aqueous crude oil inlet of the three-phase separation apparatus according to the present invention is referred to as first aqueous crude oil inlet C1, and first aqueous crude oil inlet C1 may be any conventional three-phase separator inlet known in the art. The arrangement can be made, for example, by referring to the arrangement of the entries of fig. 7-33 and 7-34 on pages 7-24 of ENGINEERING DATA BOOK (13 th edition 2012) published by the Gas Processors Suppliers Association.

According to the three-phase separation apparatus of the present invention, the baffle 5 separates the first water outlet a1 and the first oil outlet B1, and the first water outlet a1 and the aqueous crude oil inlet C1 are on one side of the baffle 5, and the first oil outlet B1 is on the other side of the baffle 5.

According to the three-phase separation device of the invention, the concentric sleeve is fixed on the side wall of the tank body 1 and is arranged on the side of the baffle plate 5 close to the first water outlet A1.

In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a free water removing apparatus, as shown in fig. 3, including the above-mentioned aqueous crude oil separation device, wherein the free water removing apparatus is of a horizontal structure, and two end walls of the tank body 1 in the axial direction thereof are arc surfaces protruding outward.

According to the free water removing apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that a concentric sleeve is fixed to a sidewall of the tank body 1 for easy installation.

According to the free water removal device of the present invention, when the aqueous crude oil separation unit includes the interface meter 2, the interface meter 2 may be disposed on the side wall of the tank body.

According to the free water removing equipment provided by the invention, the equipment is provided with the above-mentioned aqueous crude oil separating device, and other parts are conventional parts of the free water removing equipment in the field, and are not described herein again, and can be obtained by persons skilled in the art according to common knowledge.

According to the free water removal device of the present invention, the water outlet of the device is called second water outlet A2, the oil outlet is called second oil outlet B2, and the water-containing crude oil inlet is called second water-containing crude oil inlet C2, wherein the second water-containing crude oil inlet C2 and the second oil outlet B2 can be arranged on the same side wall of the tank body 1, and the second water outlet A2 is arranged on the other side wall.

In a fifth aspect, the invention provides an electric dehydration device, which comprises the above-mentioned water-containing crude oil separation device, wherein the electric dehydration device is of a horizontal structure, and two end walls of the tank body 1 along the axial direction are cambered surfaces protruding outwards.

According to the electric dewatering apparatus of the present invention, preferably, for the convenience of installation, it is preferable that concentric sleeves are fixed to the side wall of the tank body 1.

According to the electric dehydration device of the present invention, when the aqueous crude oil separation unit comprises the interface meter 2, the interface meter 2 can be arranged on the side wall of the tank body.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the water-containing crude oil inlet of the apparatus is referred to as a third water-containing crude oil inlet C3, the oil outlet is referred to as a third oil outlet B3, and the water outlet is referred to as a third water outlet A3, the third water-containing crude oil inlet C3 is disposed on the side wall of the tank body 1, and the third water-containing crude oil inlet C3 may be plural, for example, two, and the two third water-containing crude oil inlets C3 may be on the same side or on opposite sides. The third oil outlet B3 is provided in the side wall of the tank body 1 opposite to the third aqueous crude oil inlet C3. Wherein the third water outlet A3 can be arranged at the side of the third water-containing crude oil inlet C3 and can also be arranged at the side of the third oil outlet B3.

In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the aqueous crude oil inlet of the apparatus is referred to as a fourth aqueous crude oil inlet C4, the oil outlet is referred to as a fourth oil outlet B4, and the water outlet is referred to as a fourth water outlet a4, said fourth aqueous crude oil inlet C4 is disposed on an end wall of the tank 1, and said fourth oil outlet B4 and said fourth water outlet a4 are disposed on two opposite side walls of the tank 1, respectively.

According to the electric dehydration equipment provided by the invention, the water-containing crude oil separation device is arranged in the equipment, and other parts are conventional parts of the electric dehydration equipment in the field, so that the details are not repeated, and the electric dehydration equipment can be obtained by a person skilled in the art according to the common knowledge.

In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a settling tank, as shown in fig. 6, the apparatus comprises the above-mentioned aqueous crude oil separation device, the settling tank is of a vertical structure, the upper end wall of the tank body 1 is a dome, and the lower end wall is a plane.

According to the settling tank of the present invention, concentric sleeves are fixed to the end walls of the tank body 1. Wherein the end wall is planar and the end wall is in contact with the ground.

According to the settling tank of the present invention, the emulsion discharge line may be provided on a side wall of the settling tank.

According to the settling tank of the invention, when the aqueous crude oil separation device comprises the interface meter 2, the interface meter 2 is arranged on the arch top of the tank body.

The settling tank according to the present invention is provided with the above-mentioned aqueous crude oil separation device, and other components are conventional components of settling tanks in the field, and are not described herein again, and can be obtained by those skilled in the art according to the common general knowledge.

The water-containing crude oil separation device can be applied to various separation equipment which needs to lead out intractable emulsion, for example, three-phase separation equipment, free water removal equipment, electric dehydration equipment, settling tank and other separation equipment. Wherein, the person skilled in the art knows that the settling tank is a separation device with normal pressure, and the three-phase separation device, the free water removal device and the electric dehydration device are separation devices with certain pressure.

In the invention, the specific application methods of the three-phase separation equipment, the free water removal equipment, the electric dehydration equipment and the settling tank are conventional technologies in the field except for the method for separating the crude oil containing water, and other steps and parameters can be determined according to actual needs.

The three-phase separation apparatus, free water removal apparatus, settling tank and electro-dewatering apparatus may be used in different stages of an aqueous crude oil separation process. The different separation devices or the combination thereof can be selected according to the oil-water ratio of the crude oil containing water. Generally, the water-oil compositions of the water phase and the oil phase obtained by the above separation apparatus are shown in the following table 1:

TABLE 1

Therefore, the water-containing crude oil separation device is adopted and is sequentially used for equipment such as three-phase separation equipment, free water removal equipment, a settling tank, electric dehydration equipment and the like, wherein the sequence of the three-phase separation equipment and the free water removal equipment can be interchanged. Finally, the water content in the oil phase obtained at the oil outlet of the electric dehydration equipment can be as low as 0.5 percent or lower to 0.1 percent, and the oil content in the water phase obtained at the water outlet can be lower than 0.1 percent, so that the water-containing crude oil separation device and the method can improve the oil-water separation effect and can lead out intractable emulsion.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.

In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-containing crude oil separation device is characterized by comprising a tank body (1), an optional interface instrument (2), an emulsion breaking and leading-out component (3) arranged in the tank body, a water-containing crude oil inlet, an oil outlet and a water outlet which are arranged on the wall of the tank body,

the emulsion breaking derivation part (3) comprises: the emulsion breaker comprises a first emulsion delivery pipe (301), a second emulsion delivery pipe (302), an emulsion breaker inlet pipe (303) and an emulsion breaker distribution pipe (304), wherein the emulsion breaker inlet pipe (303) is communicated with the emulsion breaker distribution pipe (304), and a first hole (3041) is formed in the emulsion breaker distribution pipe (304) so that an emulsion breaker from the emulsion breaker inlet pipe (303) can be dispersed in an emulsion layer through the first hole; the first emulsion delivery pipe (301) is communicated with the second emulsion delivery pipe (302), a second hole (3011) is formed in the first emulsion delivery pipe (301) so that residual emulsion after demulsification can be delivered out of the tank body (1) through the second emulsion delivery pipe (302),

the interface instrument (2) is used for detecting the height of an emulsion layer in the tank body (1) so as to control the export of the emulsion;

the first emulsion delivery pipe (301) and the demulsifier distribution pipe (304) are arranged adjacent to each other in the radial direction of the tank body (1); first emulsion eduction tube (301) and demulsifier distributor (304) have the contained angle in jar body (1) ascending projection of axial, the contained angle is 30 ~90 degrees.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the tank (1) is a cylindrical tank;

the second emulsion delivery pipe (302) and the demulsifier ingress pipe (303) are concentric sleeves which are arranged along the radial direction of the tank body (1).

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the concentric sleeve is fixed to the side wall of the tank (1).

4. The device according to claim 2, wherein the concentric sleeve is fixed to the end wall of the tank (1).

5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the number of the first emulsion delivery pipes (301) is 1-4, and the first emulsion delivery pipes (301) are uniformly distributed in the axial direction of the tank body (1).

6. The device of claim 5, wherein the number of the emulsion breaker distribution pipes (304) is 1-4, and the emulsion breaker distribution pipes (304) are uniformly distributed in the axial direction of the tank body (1).

7. The device of claim 6, wherein the included angle is 45-90 degrees.

8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the apparatus further comprises: a fixing component (305), wherein the fixing component (305) enables the first emulsion delivery pipe (301) and the demulsifier distribution pipe (304) to be communicated with the concentric sleeve in a radially movable manner along the tank body (1).

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the aqueous crude oil separation unit comprises an interface meter (2), the interface meter (2) is arranged on a side wall or an end wall of the tank.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises: and the online analyzer (4) is arranged on the emulsion discharge pipeline and is used for monitoring the oil-water ratio in the led emulsion in real time so as to determine the time end point of the led emulsion.

11. The device of claim 1, wherein the first holes (3041) of the emulsion breaker distributor pipe (304) are evenly distributed, and the second holes (3011) of the first emulsion outlet pipe (301) are evenly distributed.

12. A method for separating crude oil containing water by using the apparatus for separating crude oil containing water according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising:

introducing the water-containing crude oil containing the demulsifier into the tank body through the water-containing crude oil inlet, separating the water-containing crude oil into at least a water phase and an oil phase under the action of gravity and/or an electric field, the water phase is led out of the tank body through the water outlet, the oil phase is led out of the tank body through the oil outlet, the height of the emulsion layer in the tank body (1) is detected through the interface instrument (2), when the height of the emulsion layer in the tank body (1) reaches 5-45% of the diameter of the tank body (1), the demulsifier is led in and dispersed in the emulsion layer through a demulsifier leading-in pipe (303) and a demulsifier distributing pipe (304), when the height of the emulsion layer in the tank body (1) reaches 5-15% of the diameter of the tank body (1) and the height of the emulsion layer fed with the demulsifier is not changed any more, stopping feeding the demulsifier, the residual emulsion after demulsification is led out of the tank body (1) through a first emulsion leading-out pipe (301) and a second emulsion leading-out pipe (302); the first emulsion delivery pipe (301) and the demulsifier distribution pipe (304) have included angles in the axial projection of the tank body (1).

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the demulsifier is introduced into and dispersed in the emulsion layer through the demulsifier inlet pipe (303) and the demulsifier distributor pipe (304) when the height of the emulsion layer in the tank body (1) reaches 5-15% of the diameter of the tank body (1).

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the de-emulsifier is stopped when the height of the emulsion layer in the tank body (1) reaches 10-15% of the diameter of the tank body (1) and the height of the emulsion layer of the re-introduced de-emulsifier is not changed any more.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises: and the oil-water ratio in the derived emulsion is monitored in real time by an online analyzer (4) to determine the derived time end point of the emulsion.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein when the ratio of oil to water in the derived emulsion is 1: and stopping leading out the emulsion when the concentration is 0.1-0.25.

17. A three-phase separation apparatus comprising an aqueous crude oil separation plant according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the three-phase separation apparatus is of a horizontal type structure, and both end walls of the tank body (1) in the axial direction thereof are curved surfaces which are convex toward the outside.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the apparatus further comprises: the inner part of the tank body (1) is parallel to the baffle (5) arranged on the axial side wall of the tank body (1), and the direction of the baffle (5) is parallel to the radial direction of the tank body (1).

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the apparatus further comprises: and the gas outlet is arranged on the side wall parallel to the axial direction of the tank body (1).

20. A free water removing apparatus comprising the aqueous crude oil separating device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the free water removing apparatus is of a horizontal type structure, and both end walls of the tank body (1) in the axial direction thereof are outwardly convex curved surfaces.

21. An electric dehydration facility characterized in that it comprises the aqueous crude oil separation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11, said electric dehydration facility being of a horizontal type structure, and both end walls of said tank body (1) in the axial direction thereof being curved surfaces which are convex toward the outside.

22. A settling tank, characterized in that it comprises an aqueous crude oil separation unit according to any one of claims 1-11, said settling tank being of vertical construction, the upper end wall of said tank (1) being a dome and the lower end wall being a plane.