CN108725244B - Self-adaptive charging auxiliary power supply system of electric motor coach - Google Patents
Self-adaptive charging auxiliary power supply system of electric motor coach Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108725244B CN108725244B CN201810531972.1A CN201810531972A CN108725244B CN 108725244 B CN108725244 B CN 108725244B CN 201810531972 A CN201810531972 A CN 201810531972A CN 108725244 B CN108725244 B CN 108725244B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- charging
- voltage
- power supply
- auxiliary power
- wake
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Landscapes
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-adaptive charging auxiliary power supply system of an electric motor coach, which comprises a high-voltage-to-24V low-voltage charging auxiliary power supply module, a relay and other parts, wherein the high-voltage-to-24V low-voltage charging auxiliary power supply module is arranged at the whole coach end in a matching way, the relay is used for interlocking protection, the auxiliary power supply module is controlled by an A+ power supply of a charging gun, when a whole coach storage battery switch is disconnected, the auxiliary power supply module is activated to start working after the charging gun is inserted, and a 24V power supply is externally output for charging accessories such as a BMS (battery management system). The invention effectively solves the technical problem that the auxiliary power supply of the charger cannot meet the charging requirement of the whole vehicle under the technical condition of new national standard charging, enhances the compatibility of the vehicle to the new and old national standards of the market charging pile, can adaptively and compatibly adapt to two auxiliary power supply states of the charging pile 12V/24V, skillfully designs a DC wake-up and anti-backflow protection mechanism, and improves the charging safety of the vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an auxiliary power supply system of an electric motor coach, in particular to a self-adaptive charging auxiliary power supply system of an electric motor coach.
Background
In recent years, along with the gradual severe environmental pollution, the country has increased the work of treating the atmospheric pollution, meanwhile, new energy automobiles have also achieved the development of sudden and rapid progress under the new policy of the country, the yields of pure electric passenger cars and commercial vehicles have risen year by year, the holding amount of new energy automobiles in China has reached millions according to statistics, the vehicle charging has become a serious realistic challenge under the condition that the holding amount of electric automobiles has increased sharply, and the country has issued a new national standard for charging pure electric automobiles for standardizing the new energy automobile charging industry in 2015.
As is known, the working nominal voltage of the low-voltage system of the pure electric bus is 24V, the old national standard of charging requires that the auxiliary power supply of the charger is 24V, and the output power can meet the power requirement of the whole vehicle accessory during charging, but the new national standard of charging changes the auxiliary power supply output of the charger into 12V/10A, the total output power is 120W, the auxiliary power supply in the new state cannot adapt to the normal work of the low-voltage accessories of most electric buses, the total power can not meet the power requirement of the whole vehicle, and most low-voltage accessories are reselected for adapting to the new national standard, but the total output power of the charger is still the maximum application limit. Although the new charging machines in the market part bring about the coexistence state of two auxiliary power supplies of 24V and 12V, the whole vehicle cannot be guaranteed to be completely suitable for the charging machines in the market. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a vehicle-mounted charging auxiliary power supply system which meets the power requirements of charging accessories of electric buses and charging machines in different technical states in the market, and the vehicle-mounted charging auxiliary power supply system is used for improving the stability of the whole electric bus and the charging adaptability in the market.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an electric motor coach self-adaptive charging auxiliary power supply system, which aims to solve the problems that the current novel national standard auxiliary power supply power cannot meet the whole vehicle requirement, the whole vehicle cannot be ensured to be completely suitable for charging machines in different technical states in the market, and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a [ electric ] motor coach self-adaptation auxiliary power system that charges, includes DC/DC auxiliary power module, DC/DC auxiliary power module includes high-voltage input connector and low-voltage output connector, high-voltage input connector is connected with power battery system through high-voltage return circuit, low-voltage output connector includes wakes up signal interface, alarm signal interface and low-voltage 24V output interface, wakes up signal interface and charges rifle A and links to each other, alarm signal interface links to each other with BMS, low-voltage 24V output interface and whole car 24V battery BMS power supply loop parallelly connected meet, form another BMS power supply loop, and two power supply loops are supplied power for BMS respectively at different periods.
Further, the DC/DC auxiliary power module is a high-voltage to 24V low-voltage power module, and the power is 300W.
Further, the high voltage input connector comprises a high voltage input plus and a high voltage input-array pin.
Furthermore, a high-voltage relay is arranged in the high-voltage loop, the working voltage of the high-voltage relay is compatible with 12/24V, and the high-voltage relay is controlled by a charging gun A+ power supply.
Furthermore, the charging gun A+ is a charging pile low-voltage auxiliary power supply introduced by a charging socket.
Furthermore, the wake-up signal interface is connected with the charging gun A+ through a physical wire harness to form a loop, and the charging gun A+ power supply is used as the activation power of the DC/DC auxiliary power supply module.
Furthermore, a wake-up signal control relay is connected in series in the wake-up signal loop, and the wake-up signal control relay is controlled by a whole storage battery switch.
Further, the alarm signal interface is connected with the BMS through a physical wire harness, and the alarm signal interface feeds back the high-temperature fault, the high-voltage input overvoltage and the undervoltage of the DC/DC auxiliary power module and the unstable output of the DC24V power supply to the BMS through electric signals, and the BMS stops the charging of the vehicle according to the alarm signal.
Further, the low voltage 24V output interface includes DC24 v+ and DC 24V-interfaces.
Furthermore, a diode is connected in series in the power supply loop of the low-voltage 24V output interface, and the diode only allows the DC/DC auxiliary power supply module to output outwards.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the high-voltage-to-low-voltage DC/DC auxiliary power supply module is additionally arranged at the whole vehicle end, so that the technical situation that the auxiliary power supply of the charger cannot meet the charging requirement of the whole vehicle under the technical condition of new national standard charging is solved, the compatibility of the vehicle to the new and old national standards of the market charging pile is enhanced, two auxiliary power supply states of the charging pile 12V/24V can be adaptively compatible, the components such as a wake-up signal relay, a backflow prevention diode and the like are skillfully added to form an interlocking circuit, and the charging safety of the vehicle is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an adaptive charging auxiliary power supply system of an electric motor coach according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. BMS; 2. a diode; 3. a whole vehicle switch of the storage battery; 4. a 24V storage battery of the whole vehicle; 5. a power battery system; 6. a high-voltage relay; 7. a charging socket; 8. a DC/DC auxiliary power module; 9. the wake-up signal controls the relay.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
In the present invention, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", etc. refer to an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, and are merely relational terms, which are used for convenience in describing structural relationships of various components or elements of the present invention, and do not denote any one of the components or elements of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, terms such as "fixedly attached," "connected," "coupled," and the like are to be construed broadly and refer to either a fixed connection or an integral or removable connection; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the terms in the present invention can be determined according to circumstances by a person skilled in the relevant art or the art, and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As introduced by the background technology, in the prior art, the problem that the power of a new national standard auxiliary power supply cannot meet the requirement of the whole vehicle and the whole vehicle cannot be guaranteed to be completely suitable for charging machines in different technical states of the market is solved, in order to solve the technical problem, the application provides an electric motor coach self-adaptive charging auxiliary power supply system, the technical situation that the auxiliary power supply of the charging machine cannot meet the requirement of the whole vehicle in the technical condition of charging in the new national standard is effectively solved, the compatibility of the vehicle to the new national standard and the old national standard of a market charging pile is enhanced, two auxiliary power supply states of the charging pile 12V/24V can be self-adaptively and the protection mechanisms of DC wake-up, anti-backflow and the like are ingeniously designed, and the charging safety of the vehicle is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the self-adaptive charging auxiliary power supply system of the electric motor coach comprises a DC/DC auxiliary power supply module 8 matched according to the actual requirement of the electric motor coach, wherein the DC/DC auxiliary power supply module 8 is a high-voltage 24V-to-low power supply module, and the power is 300W;
the DC/DC auxiliary power module 8 includes a high-voltage input connector and a low-voltage output connector, where the high-voltage input connector includes a high-voltage input+ and a high-voltage input-pin, and the high-voltage input+ and the high-voltage input-pin are connected with the power battery system 5 through a high-voltage loop, so as to provide a high-voltage power supply for the DC/DC auxiliary power module 8.
The high-voltage relay 6 is arranged in the high-voltage loop and used for controlling the on-off of the high-voltage loop, the working voltage of the high-voltage relay 6 is compatible with 12/24V, and the high-voltage relay 6 is controlled by the charging gun A+ power supply.
When the charging gun is plugged in, the charging gun A+ is powered on, the high-voltage relay 6 is closed, the power battery system 5 provides a high-voltage power supply for the DC/DC auxiliary power supply module 8, when the charging gun is unplugged, the charging gun A+ is powered off, the high-voltage relay 6 is disconnected, and the DC/DC auxiliary power supply module 8 has no high-voltage input, so that the safety is improved.
And the charging gun A+ is a charging pile low-voltage auxiliary power supply introduced by the charging socket 7.
The low-voltage output connector comprises 4 low-voltage interfaces, namely a wake-up signal interface, an alarm signal interface, a DC24 V+ interface and a DC 24V-interface;
the wake-up signal interface is connected with the charging gun A+ through a physical wire harness to form a loop, the power is used as the activation power of the DC/DC power module after the charging gun is inserted, a wake-up signal control relay 9 is connected in series in the wake-up signal loop, and the wake-up signal control relay 9 is controlled by the whole storage battery switch 3 to prevent a vehicle from running in the charging process.
When the whole storage battery switch 3 is in the closed condition, the wake-up signal relay 9 is electrified to disconnect the wake-up signal loop, and even if a charging gun is plugged in, the wake-up signal loop cannot be charged at the moment, when the whole storage battery switch 3 is disconnected, the wake-up signal relay 9 is powered off to connect the wake-up signal loop, and the gun can be plugged in for normal charging at the moment, so that the interlocking mechanism that the whole storage battery switch 3 is required to be disconnected for charging and the whole storage battery switch 3 cannot be charged is opened.
The whole-vehicle switch 3 of the storage battery is a whole-vehicle mechanical 24V main switch
The alarm signal interface is connected with the BMS 1 through a physical wire harness, and when the DC/DC auxiliary power module 8 has high-temperature faults, high-voltage input overvoltage, undervoltage and unstable DC24V power output, the alarm signal interface is fed back to the BMS 1 through an electric signal, and the BMS 1 stops the charging of the vehicle according to the alarm signal, so that the charging safety is improved.
The DC24V plus and DC24V minus interfaces are low-voltage 24V output interfaces, the DC24V plus and minus output loops are connected in parallel with a 4BMS power supply loop of the whole vehicle 24V storage battery to form another BMS 1 power supply loop, and the two power supply loops respectively supply power to the BMS 1 in different periods
The diode 2 is connected in series in the DC24V positive and negative output loop, the diode 2 only allows the DC24V power supply of the DC/DC auxiliary power supply module 8 to output outwards, and the whole vehicle storage battery 4 power supply is prevented from entering the DC/DC auxiliary power supply module 8 in the driving process, so that the circuit backflow prevention protection is performed.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the same, but rather, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications or variations within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An [ electric ] motor coach self-adaptation auxiliary power system that charges, its characterized in that: the power battery charging device comprises a DC/DC auxiliary power module, wherein the DC/DC auxiliary power module comprises a high-voltage input connector and a low-voltage output connector, the high-voltage input connector is connected with a power battery system through a high-voltage loop, the low-voltage output connector comprises a wake-up signal interface, an alarm signal interface and a low-voltage 24V output interface, and the wake-up signal interface is connected with a charging gun A ﹢ The low-voltage 24V output interface is connected with a power supply loop of the whole vehicle 24V storage battery BMS in parallel to form another BMS power supply loop, and the two power supply loops respectively supply power to the BMS in different periods;
the wake-up signal interface is connected with the charging gun A+ through a physical wire harness to form a loop, and the charging gun A+ power supply is used as the activation power of the DC/DC auxiliary power supply module;
the wake-up signal loop is connected with a wake-up signal control relay in series, and the wake-up signal control relay is controlled by a whole-vehicle switch of the storage battery;
when the whole storage battery switch is on, the wake-up signal relay is powered on to disconnect the wake-up signal loop, and at the moment, even if a charging gun is plugged in, the charging gun cannot be charged;
and a diode is connected in series in a power supply loop of the low-voltage 24V output interface, and the diode only allows the DC/DC auxiliary power supply module to output outwards.
2. The adaptive charging auxiliary power system of claim 1, wherein the DC/DC auxiliary power module is a high voltage to 24V low voltage power module with a power of 300W.
3. The adaptive charging auxiliary power system of claim 1, wherein the high voltage input connector comprises a high voltage input and a high voltage input-pin.
4. The self-adaptive charging auxiliary power supply system of an electric motor coach as claimed in claim 1, wherein a high-voltage relay is arranged in the high-voltage loop, the working voltage of the high-voltage relay is compatible with 12/24V, and the high-voltage relay is controlled by a charging gun A+ power supply.
5. The adaptive charging auxiliary power system for electric motor coach as claimed in claim 1, wherein the charging gun A+ is a charging pile low-voltage auxiliary power introduced by a charging socket.
6. The electric bus self-adaptive charging auxiliary power system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the alarm signal interface is connected with the BMS through a physical wire harness, and the alarm signal interface feeds back the high-temperature fault, the high-voltage input overvoltage, the undervoltage and the unstable DC24V power output of the DC/DC auxiliary power module to the BMS through electric signals, and the BMS stops the charging of the vehicle according to the alarm signal.
7. The adaptive charging auxiliary power system of claim 1, wherein the low voltage 24V output interface comprises DC24 v+ and DC 24V-interface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810531972.1A CN108725244B (en) | 2018-05-29 | 2018-05-29 | Self-adaptive charging auxiliary power supply system of electric motor coach |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810531972.1A CN108725244B (en) | 2018-05-29 | 2018-05-29 | Self-adaptive charging auxiliary power supply system of electric motor coach |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108725244A CN108725244A (en) | 2018-11-02 |
| CN108725244B true CN108725244B (en) | 2023-08-08 |
Family
ID=63936692
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810531972.1A Active CN108725244B (en) | 2018-05-29 | 2018-05-29 | Self-adaptive charging auxiliary power supply system of electric motor coach |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108725244B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109808496B (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2022-06-28 | 云南航天神州汽车有限公司 | Integrated switching device for low-voltage platform of electric automobile |
| CN112208381B (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2023-01-31 | 陕西汽车集团有限责任公司 | New energy automobile charging system control circuit and control method |
| CN110450662A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-15 | 东风华神汽车有限公司 | A kind of identification of versatility charging pile accessory power supply and conversion circuit |
| JP7380272B2 (en) | 2020-02-04 | 2023-11-15 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | vehicle |
| CN112277727A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-29 | 奇瑞新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Charging control circuit and charging control method |
| CN114932874A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-08-23 | 中通客车股份有限公司 | New-energy commercial vehicle power supply control circuit and working method thereof |
| CN115723576B (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2024-06-18 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Power shortage protection system, control method and device for low-voltage power supply of vehicle |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204651955U (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-09-16 | 成都雅骏新能源汽车科技股份有限公司 | A kind of 24V platform electric motor car compatibility is suitable for 12V charging platform circuit |
| CN206481080U (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-09-08 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Pure electric automobile, power battery of pure electric automobile charging system and servicing unit |
| CN107187320A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-22 | 天津恒天新能源汽车研究院有限公司 | A kind of electrical control charging and the method for driving high-voltage safety |
| CN206938492U (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2018-01-30 | 湖南中车时代电动汽车股份有限公司 | Rush-harvesting and rush-planting DC charging box for electric automobile |
| CN208216530U (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-12-11 | 中通客车控股股份有限公司 | A kind of adaptive inductive charging secondary power system of electric motor coach |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20120020554A (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2012-03-08 | 삼성전기주식회사 | Integrated charging device for electric vehicle |
-
2018
- 2018-05-29 CN CN201810531972.1A patent/CN108725244B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204651955U (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-09-16 | 成都雅骏新能源汽车科技股份有限公司 | A kind of 24V platform electric motor car compatibility is suitable for 12V charging platform circuit |
| CN206481080U (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-09-08 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Pure electric automobile, power battery of pure electric automobile charging system and servicing unit |
| CN206938492U (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2018-01-30 | 湖南中车时代电动汽车股份有限公司 | Rush-harvesting and rush-planting DC charging box for electric automobile |
| CN107187320A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-22 | 天津恒天新能源汽车研究院有限公司 | A kind of electrical control charging and the method for driving high-voltage safety |
| CN208216530U (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-12-11 | 中通客车控股股份有限公司 | A kind of adaptive inductive charging secondary power system of electric motor coach |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108725244A (en) | 2018-11-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108725244B (en) | Self-adaptive charging auxiliary power supply system of electric motor coach | |
| CN110816365B (en) | Double-source control system and control method thereof, and electric automobile | |
| CN113459810B (en) | Power-off control method based on full-power electricity-electricity hybrid fuel cell automobile | |
| CN109532494B (en) | High-voltage power-on control method and high-voltage power-off control method for pure electric vehicle | |
| CN112590616B (en) | High-voltage loop of power battery of electric automobile and control method of high-voltage loop | |
| CN105128678A (en) | High-voltage power-on and power-off control system and control method for pure electric vehicle | |
| CN204712890U (en) | A kind of charge control system of plug-in hybrid passenger car | |
| CN109532496A (en) | A kind of intelligent high-pressure block terminal based on CAN bus network | |
| CN203511533U (en) | Storage battery power supply system based on solar energy, vehicle hybrid power system and vehicle | |
| CN111660871A (en) | Novel power supply system and power supply method of new energy automobile | |
| CN202923407U (en) | High-voltage distribution box safety interlock circuit system for full electric vehicle | |
| CN208216530U (en) | A kind of adaptive inductive charging secondary power system of electric motor coach | |
| CN211416973U (en) | Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle power system supporting emergency rescue | |
| CN112389202B (en) | High-voltage distribution system of fuel cell bus and control method thereof | |
| CN213948153U (en) | High-voltage accessory control structure of high-voltage electrical box | |
| CN207984693U (en) | Automobile ceiling lamp control system | |
| CN112208381B (en) | New energy automobile charging system control circuit and control method | |
| CN113246809A (en) | Power supply control system of hydrogen fuel cell automobile | |
| CN107444250B (en) | Control system and control method for rear combination lamp of tractor main vehicle | |
| CN206850490U (en) | A kind of intelligent management charging system based on movable charging vehicle | |
| CN111942200A (en) | Charging control circuit and control method of vehicle-mounted low-voltage controller | |
| CN211441963U (en) | Whole car control circuit of new energy automobile | |
| CN115366713B (en) | Vehicle-mounted charging high-voltage cabinet device capable of distributing current and application thereof | |
| CN217198027U (en) | High-voltage direct-current power supply distribution device for electric automobile | |
| CN219927469U (en) | Tractor power supply system and vehicle |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: 252000 No.261 Huanghe Road, economic development zone, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province Applicant after: Zhongtong bus Limited by Share Ltd. Address before: 252000 No.261 Huanghe Road, economic development zone, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province Applicant before: ZHONGTONG BUS HOLDING Co.,Ltd. |
|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |