CN108717201B - A kind of tunnel surrounding microquake sources localization method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tunnel surrounding microquake sources localization methods, this method is based on the gravitation search method GSA in heuristic class algorithm, at least four microseismic monitoring sensor is arranged at tunnel tunnel face rear, acquires the waveform signal of the rock masses fracturing in sensor range of receiving；Tunnel space coordinate system and Accurate Determining sensor space coordinate are established, when observing of waveform signal on each sensor is picked up；And set the objective function positioned with the accumulation absolute difference calculated then as microquake sources when observing, meet stop criterion eventually by calculating target function to search for microseism source position, the present invention can obtain accurate microseism source position within the very fast time, field engineering be can satisfy to positioning accuracy needs, improve microseism seismic source location precision, method is economical and practical, easy to operate, is suitable for the Tunnel Engineering micro seismic monitorings such as various traffic, water conservancy and hydropower.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to micro seismic monitoring field, especially a kind of tunnel surrounding microquake sources based on heuritic approach GSA are fixed
Position method, is suitable for the Tunnel Engineering micro seismic monitorings such as various traffic, water conservancy and hydropower.
Background technique
Under the influence of external disturbance, inside can generate microfissure and discharge strain energy in the form of elastic wave rock mass, micro-
Crack, which is constantly developed, propagates and discharges rapidly in rock mass along with elastic wave, and this elastic wave is referred to as microseism.Microseism prison
Survey technology is namely based on the interpretation of elastic wave to analyze the monitoring method of the extension of rock mass internal tiny crack and rock stability.It is micro-
Seismic source location is the core of On Microseismic Monitoring Technique, it be using microseismic sensors record microseism waveform signal, then data and
The space coordinate of microseism wave Velocity Inversion microseismic event and the origin time of earthquake.
Currently, seismic source location principle is broadly divided into two major classes in microquake sources Position Research: one kind is based on then different
Theoretical seismic source location method, it is another kind of, it is the seismic source location method based on three-axis sensor.It is sent out based on then different theories
The seismic source location method that exhibition is got up is many kinds of, is most widely used a kind of seismic source location method, such as classical Geiger method,
The seismic source locations methods such as Thurber method, simplex location algorithm, dual residual error method.But classical Geiger method is to initial strip
The dependence of part is larger, there is unstability divergence problem in an iterative process；Although Thurber method introduces second-order partial differential coefficient and improves
The stability of algorithm, but calculation amount is also considerably increased simultaneously；The direct algorithms such as simplex location algorithm and Powell need not be asked
Solving equations, but multi-dimensional search is directly carried out, have many advantages, such as fast convergence rate, simple and easily realization, but such algorithm mistake
In the selection for relying on initial value, local minimum is easily fallen into as least square method.
There is also obtain the larger and inefficient defect of difficulty height, larger workload, error for the current prior art.Cause
This, it is very significant to study a kind of method that accurate microseism source position is obtained within the very fast time, can be largely
Guarantee microquake sources positioning accuracy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, which is to provide one kind to solve above-mentioned technical problem and can obtain accurate tunnel within the very fast time, to be enclosed
Rock microquake sources localization method.
A kind of a kind of tunnel surrounding microquake sources localization method of tunnel surrounding microquake sources localization method, which is characterized in that including
Following steps:
A. n microseismic detection sensor, n >=4 are arranged at tunnel construction tunnel face rear；
B. the waveform signal for collecting the rock masses fracturing in microseismic detection sensor range of receiving, defines the sight of all the sensors
When measuring and accumulation absolute difference then is calculated as the objective function of focus Velocity Inversion；
C. assume that microseism located space there are multiple particles, and assume the quality and multi-dimensional position vector of each particle,；
D. with the multi-dimensional position vector calculating target function of each particle, the minimum target functional value recorded and correspondence are most
The position of Small object functional value；
E. judge whether minimum function value is less than regulation magnitude ε, it is right if minimum target functional value is less than regulation magnitude ε
The position for answering minimum target functional value is focus, if minimum target functional value updates the position of each particle not less than regulation magnitude ε
Vector is set, target function value is recalculated, until minimum target functional value is less than regulation magnitude ε.
Gravitation search algorithm GSA (Gravitational Search is used when updating the position vector for assuming particle
Algorithm it) is updated.
Gravitation search algorithm GSA (Gravitational SearchAlgorithm) is based on the law of universal gravitation and ox
The swarm optimization algorithm of second law, gravitation are one of 4 kinds of nature basic power.In nature, gravitational
Act on it is ubiquitous so that any one particle can all attract each other and continuous close, i.e., larger quality with other particles
Particle can attract the particle of smaller quality, larger mass particles can represent accurate microseism source position, to finally obtain
To most accurate microseism source position.Therefore, it is able to achieve using the gravitation search algorithm based on nature physical laws to microquake sources
Accurate positionin and acquisition.
Further, the regulation magnitude is ε, in the range of 1e-4 to 1e-5.
A kind of tunnel surrounding microquake sources localization method as described above, includes the following steps:
A arranges at least four microseismic monitoring sensor at tunnel construction tunnel face rear.
B establishes tunnel space coordinate system, acquires the waveform signal of the rock masses fracturing in sensor range of receiving, and definition is all
Objective function of the accumulation absolute difference for focus Velocity Inversion when observing with calculating then of sensor, the objective function
Calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula, fit is accumulation absolute difference then, and n is monitoring number of sensors；tiFor the observation of i-th of sensor
Then, subscript p, s are P wave or S wave, t0For the initial origin time of earthquake of focus, Ri/ V is R when calculatingiFor microseism source position
(x1, x2, x3) and i-th of sensor position (xi, yi, zi) distance, V represents speed of the microseism wave on propagation path.
C assumes that microseism located space has N number of particle (represent and calculate focus).It carves at the beginning, each particle has mass Mi
With multi-dimensional position vector Xi:
M=(M1,...,Mi,...,MN), (i=1,2 ..., N) (2)
The representative of formula 2 has N number of particle with quality, and formula 3 represents numerical value of each particle with n dimension (if only three-dimensional space
Between then degenerate be three-dimensional numerical value), whereinIt indicates the numerical value that i-th of particle is tieed up in d, and has upper lower limit value, i.e.,
D brings the multi-dimensional position vector X (position comprising focus and microseism velocity of wave) of each particle into formula 1, obtains each particle
Target function value.The minimum value fit of log history circulation objective functionbestAnd the multi-dimensional position X of corresponding particlebest。
E judges whether current goal function minimum meets termination condition (whether residual values are less than regulation magnitude ε), is
No fitbest<ε.If fitbest< ε then exports optimal microseism source position, if fitbest> ε is performed the next step suddenly, the ε's
Range is 1e-4 to 1e-5, and ε value is smaller, and the seismic source location precision of acquisition is higher, but needs operation time also can be more long, because
The specific value of this ε is related to engineering practice.
F calculates the gravitation to interact between particle.In kth time iteration, definitionFor in d dimension particle i by grain
The gravitation of sub- j effect:
Wherein, Maj(k) and Mpi(k) be respectively active particle j inertia mass and Passive particles i inertia mass, ε is
Small magnitude constant.G (k) is gravitational coefficients function, is met as follows:
Wherein, G0It is given value with α；K is current iteration number, and K is iteration total degree.
Rij(k) it is the Euclidean distance of particle i and particle j:
Rij(k)=| | Xi(k),Xj(k)||2 (6)
D ties up summation of upper i-th of the particle by other all particle graviational interactions are as follows:
In formula, randjIt is that the summation addition of gravitation is random for the random number between [0,1].
In each iteration, each particle can update inertia mass.Inertia mass is calculated according to target function value, grain
Sub- inertia mass is bigger, shows that also indicating that has bigger attraction to other particles closer to optimal value.According to the following formula more
The inertia mass M of new particlei:
Mai=Mpi=Mii=Mi, (i=1,2 ..., N) (8)
Wherein, MaiIndicate the inertia mass of active particle i, MpiIndicate the inertia mass of Passive particles i, MiiIndicate particle i
Inertia mass, fitiIt (k) is target function value size of the particle i in kth time iteration.
For solving minimum target functional value problem, best is the minimum value of N number of particle objective function, and worst is N number of grain
The maximum value of specific item scalar functions, is defined as follows:
G calculates the acceleration and speed of each particle.According to newton second theorem, the acceleration of particle i in d dimensionAnd speed are as follows:
Wherein,For the updated particle rapidity of+1 iteration of kth of particle i in d dimension,For d
The particle rapidity of the kth time iteration of particle i, M in dimensioni(k) inertia mass for being current time particle i.
In each iteration, each particle can update according to the following formula position to h:
I recalculates target function value according to the updated position vector of each particle, and judges whether fitbest< ε, if full
It is sufficient then exit circulation, export the minimum value fit of all particle objective functionsbestWith corresponding optimal hypocentral location vector Xbest；It is no
Then continue to execute iterative cycles.
Preferably, G0For 100, α 20.
Tunnel surrounding microquake sources are positioned using method of the present invention, have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
(1) it provides the new method of one kind to position for microquake sources, and this method and traditional microquake sources localization method phase
Than, it is economical and practical, easy to operate, parameter setting is less, fast convergence rate, and can be good at mutually tying with various optimization problems
It closes.
(2) versatility of the method applied in the present invention is stronger, has certain fit to information uncertain in problem
It should be able to power.
(3) the method applied in the present invention can obtain accurate microseism source position within the very fast time, can satisfy
Field engineering needs positioning accuracy, improves microseism seismic source location precision.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is gravitation effect schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of tunnel surrounding microquake sources localization method provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing and specific implementation content the present invention is further described.
By taking certain high-ground stress highway double-hole tunnel installs Microseismic monitoring system as an example, microseism is obtained according to Fig. 2 process
Source position.In high-ground stress highway double-hole tunnel installation Microseismic monitoring system, which contains 8 microseisms and passes
Sensor is arranged in the double hole face rears in left and right, wherein lag hole arranges 3, advanced hole arranges 5, and totally 3 monitorings are disconnected
Face.Tunnel space coordinate system is established, the real-time monitoring occurred for tunnel surrounding internal rupture is thus carried out, captures microseism triggering
Microseism waveform signal, pick up microseism waveform signal on each sensor when observing, sat in the tunnel space established
Each sensor space coordinate (table 1) is accurately measured using total station in mark system.Meanwhile it extracting and each microseismic sensors is received
Microseism waveform is then (table 1).
Each microseismic sensors coordinate of table 1
Define all the sensors when observing with calculate then accumulation absolute difference be seismic source location objective function,
Its calculation formula is as follows:
On the basis of the above, tunnel surrounding microseism velocity of wave is obtained based on heuritic approach GSA, parameter is chosen as follows: K=
1000, G0=100, α=20；The microseism velocity of wave V of usep=5800m/s.Finally according to foregoing invention, the minimum target letter of calculating
Number fitbest=3.45E-4, corresponding particle position vector Xbest=(916.40,919.79,1006.92), the i.e. example search
The optimal microseism source position X=916.40, Y=919.79, Z=1006.92 obtained.
The search and calculating that microseism source position is carried out using the present invention, can obtain accurate microseism within the very fast time
Source positioning, can satisfy field engineering to positioning accuracy needs.
Above example is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it, and those skilled in the art should manage
Solution, technical solution of the present invention are modified or are replaced on an equal basis, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention program, should all cover
In the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of tunnel surrounding microquake sources localization method, which comprises the following steps:
A. n microseismic detection sensor, n >=4 are arranged at tunnel construction tunnel face rear；
B. the waveform signal for collecting the rock masses fracturing in microseismic detection sensor range of receiving, defines observing for all the sensors
When with calculate then accumulation absolute difference be focus Velocity Inversion objective function；
C. assume that microseism located space there are multiple particles, and assume the quality and multi-dimensional position vector of each particle；
D. with the multi-dimensional position vector calculating target function of each particle, the minimum target functional value recorded and corresponding minimum mesh
The position of offer of tender numerical value；
E. judge whether minimum function value is less than regulation magnitude ε, if minimum target functional value is less than regulation magnitude ε, correspond to most
The position of Small object functional value is focus, if minimum target functional value not less than regulation magnitude ε, update the position of each particle to
Amount, recalculates target function value, until minimum target functional value is less than regulation magnitude ε；
It is updated when updating the position vector of each particle using gravitation search algorithm.
2. a kind of tunnel surrounding microquake sources localization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the regulation magnitude
For ε, in the range of 1e-4 to 1e-5.
3. a kind of tunnel surrounding microquake sources localization method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
A. n microseismic monitoring sensor, n >=4 are arranged at tunnel construction tunnel face rear；
B. tunnel space coordinate system is established, the waveform signal of the rock masses fracturing in sensor range of receiving is acquired, defines all biographies
Sensor when observing with calculate then accumulation absolute difference be focus Velocity Inversion objective function, the objective function
Calculation formula is as follows:
In formula 1, fit is accumulation absolute difference then, and n is monitoring number of sensors；tiIt is i-th sensor when observing,
Subscript p, s are P wave or S wave, t0For the initial origin time of earthquake of focus, Ri/ V is R when calculatingiFor microseism source position and i-th
The distance of sensor position, V represent speed of the microseism wave on propagation path；
C. assume that microseism located space has N number of particle, carves, each particle has mass M at the beginningiWith multi-dimensional position vector Xi:
M=(M1,...,Mi,...,MN), (i=1,2 ..., N) (2)
The representative of formula 2 has N number of particle with quality, and formula 3 represents numerical value of each particle with n dimension (if only three-dimensional space
Degenerating is three-dimensional numerical value), whereinIt indicates the numerical value that i-th of particle is tieed up in d, and has upper lower limit value, i.e.,
D. it brings the multi-dimensional position vector X of each particle into formula 1, obtains the target function value of each particle, log history recycles target
Functional minimum value fitbestAnd the multi-dimensional position X of corresponding particlebest；
E. judge whether current goal function minimum meets termination condition, i.e., whether fitbest< ε, if fitbest< ε is then exported
Optimal microseism source position is XbestIf fitbest> ε is performed the next step suddenly；
F. the gravitation to interact between particle is calculated, in kth time iteration, definitionFor in d dimension particle i by particle j make
Gravitation:
Wherein, Maj(k) and Mpi(k) be respectively active particle j inertia mass and Passive particles i inertia mass, ε be small magnitude
Constant, G (k) are gravitational coefficients function, are met as follows:
Wherein, G0It is to determine value with α, k is current iteration number, and K is iteration total degree；
Rij(k) it is the Euclidean distance of particle i and particle j:
Rij(k)=| | Xi(k),Xj(k)||2 (6)
D ties up summation of upper i-th of the particle by other all particle graviational interactions are as follows:
In formula, randjIt is that the summation addition of gravitation is random for the random number between [0,1]；
In each iteration, each particle can update inertia mass, according to the following formula the inertia mass M of more new particlei:
Mai=Mpi=Mii=Mi, (i=1,2 ..., N) (8)
Wherein, MaIndicate the inertia mass of active particle i, MpIndicate the inertia mass of Passive particles i, M indicates the inertia of particle i
Quality, fitiIt (k) is target function value size of the particle i in kth time iteration；
For solving minimum target functional value problem, best (k) is the minimum value of N number of particle objective function, and worst (k) is N number of
The maximum value of particle objective function, is defined as follows:
G. the acceleration and speed for calculating each particle, according to newton second theorem, the acceleration of particle i in d dimensionWith
Speed are as follows:
Wherein,For the updated particle rapidity of+1 iteration of kth of particle i in d dimension,For grain in d dimension
The particle rapidity of the kth time iteration of sub- i, Mi(k) inertia mass for being current time particle i；
H. in each iteration, each particle can update according to the following formula position:
I. target function value is recalculated according to the updated position vector of each particle, and judges whether fitbest< ε, if meeting
Circulation is exited, the minimum value fit of all particle objective functions is exportedbestWith corresponding optimal hypocentral location vector Xbest；Otherwise after
It is continuous to execute iterative cycles.
4. a kind of tunnel surrounding microquake sources localization method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: G0For 100, α 20.
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| CN111308548A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-06-19 | 四川圭度科技有限公司 | High-precision microseism data first arrival pickup device, system and method |
| CN111880220B (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2022-02-22 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Seismic source positioning method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN112904277B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2023-06-02 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | Tunnel surrounding rock breaking point positioning method based on improved gray wolf algorithm |
| CN113176606B (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2023-09-26 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Microseism focus positioning method, system, equipment and storage medium |
| CN114047546B (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-06-16 | 辽宁大学 | Crowd-sensing spiral ore vibration positioning method based on sensor three-dimensional space joint arrangement |
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| CN106154334B (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2018-02-16 | 中石化石油工程地球物理有限公司胜利分公司 | Underground micro-seismic event real time inversion localization method based on grid search |
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