CN108709836B - Aerosol detection method and system - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
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- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/18—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
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Abstract
The invention provides an aerosol detection method and system, which can detect aerosol at least two detection positions arranged in a vertical direction in a detection cavity to obtain position detection information of the at least two detection positions, further obtain position change parameters, and calculate the sedimentation velocity and volume concentration of the aerosol according to the position change parameters. The aerosol detection method is simple, the detection system is simple in structure and convenient to use, compared with the prior art, the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol can be detected without expensive simulation instruments, and the aerosol detection method is convenient to popularize; the whole-course electronic control can be realized in the detection process without manual participation, the adaptation environment is not limited, the detection device can be used in areas such as the field, and the resource waste can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gas detection, in particular to an aerosol detection method and system.
Background
The atmospheric dust drop is a form of mass exchange of the earth surface layer earth-gas system, and the dust falling process has important environmental indication significance. In recent years, with the increasing depth of research on the influence of aerosol particles on the environmental ecosystem, the measurement of the particle size, deposition amount and sedimentation rate of aerosol particles during the passing of aerosol is a physical parameter which is very important in the related research field. The concentration, the components and the influence of the particles on solar radiation and the like of aerosol particles are researched, and the contribution rate of atmospheric dust such as aerosol to climate change can be determined according to the concentration, the components and the influence of the particles on solar radiation and the like. Meanwhile, when a novel high-precision weather forecast system is developed and improved, relevant information of aerosol particles such as sand dust and the like is required to be obtained to verify the forecast result.
At present, a sampling weighing method is adopted for detecting aerosol deposition amount such as dust fall and the like. In order to prevent the dust in the sampling vessel from being blown up again, it is necessary to place different substances such as an adhesive, glass beads, water or other liquid substances in the vessel, whereby the weighing method can be classified into a dry method and a wet method. However, the weighing method can only obtain the average value of the deposition amount for a period of time, but cannot obtain the volume concentration of the aerosol, and manual participation is needed, so that the practicability is greatly limited; in addition, an additional substance for adhering dust fall is required to be added in the weighing method, and the substance is required to be replaced and used, so that the resource waste is easily caused.
At present, the measurement of the sedimentation velocity of aerosols such as dust fall is mainly carried out in a laboratory by simulating the sedimentation velocity of aerosols, then the measurement of the sedimentation velocity is carried out by adopting valuable instruments such as PDA (Phase Doppler Analyzer, particle dynamic analyzer) and the like, and the measuring instrument used in the simulation experiment is usually expensive and has high experimental environment limitation, so the method is not suitable for popularization and field measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the main technical problems of providing an aerosol detection method and system, which can conveniently measure the sedimentation velocity and volume concentration of aerosol, and solve the problems that the detection method of the sedimentation amount of the aerosol in the prior art needs to manually add substances for adhering dust fall, has limited practicability, is easy to cause resource waste, and the detection mode of the volume concentration and sedimentation velocity of the aerosol is not available due to large environmental limitation, the volume concentration of the aerosol is not available, and the like.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an aerosol detection method, including:
detecting the aerosol at each of at least two detection positions to obtain position detection information corresponding to each detection position; at least two detection positions are sequentially arranged in a detection cavity of the detection unit along the vertical direction;
obtaining a position change parameter corresponding to each detection position according to the position detection information;
and determining the sedimentation velocity and/or the volume concentration of the aerosol according to the position change parameter.
Further, the aerosol detection method includes:
aerosol passes through the detection cavity along the vertical direction;
detecting the aerosol at each of at least two detection positions to obtain a position change parameter;
determining the arrival time of the aerosol to at least two detection positions according to the position change parameters;
and calculating the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol according to the distance between the at least two detection positions and the difference value of the arrival time corresponding to the at least two detection positions.
Further, determining an arrival time of the aerosol to the corresponding detection position according to the position change parameter includes:
Comparing the position change parameter with a preset position change judgment parameter, and if the position change parameter is larger or smaller than the position change judgment parameter, considering that the aerosol reaches the detection position and recording the arrival time.
Further, the setting mode of the position change judging parameter includes:
detecting initial position change parameters at least two detection positions when the aerosol does not enter the detection cavity;
and carrying out calibration processing on the initial position change parameters to obtain position change judgment parameters.
Further, the aerosol detection method further comprises stopping the measurement of the aerosol sedimentation velocity in any one of the following cases:
when the aerosol is detected to reach the detection position at the lowest end of the detection cavity;
when the detection time reaches the sedimentation velocity detection stop detection time;
when the position change parameters detected at each detection position are all in a preset fluctuation range.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the position detection information comprises the intensity of the emitted laser and the corresponding intensity of the received laser;
the position change parameter includes a laser intensity change parameter obtained from the transmission laser intensity and the reception laser intensity.
The invention provides an aerosol detection method, which can be used for providing a measurement method of aerosol sedimentation velocity based on the aerosol detection method, and can be used for detecting aerosol at least two detection positions arranged in a detection cavity along the vertical direction to obtain a position change parameter required by calculating the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol, then determining the arrival time of the aerosol at the corresponding detection position according to the position change parameter, measuring the distance between the two detection positions, and further conveniently calculating the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol according to a time, distance and velocity calculation formula; compared with the prior art that the method for detecting the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol is used for detecting the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol in a laboratory by adopting precious instruments such as PDAs and the like, the method for detecting the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol provided by the invention does not need expensive analog measuring instruments, can conveniently and rapidly detect the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol by only arranging the detection cavity, is simple and practical, is not limited by the laboratory in use environment, is suitable for field measurement, and is easy to popularize.
Further, the aerosol detection method includes:
when aerosol is detected to be uniformly distributed in the detection cavity, the detection cavity is in a closed state;
detecting the aerosol at each of at least two detection positions to obtain a position change parameter;
and calculating according to the position change parameter and the volume concentration calculation formula of the aerosol to obtain the volume concentration of the aerosol.
Further, the volume concentration calculation formula of the aerosol is specifically:
wherein: n is the volume concentration of aerosol, L is the distance between a pair of detectors oppositely arranged in the detection device for detecting position detection information, and p (r) is the sampledThen utilizing the actually measured aerosol particle size distribution function of the laser particle size instrument, wherein Q (r) is the aerosol particle extinction ratio calculated based on classical Mie theory, delta I is the position change parameter, r 1 Is the minimum radius of aerosol particles, r 2 Is the largest radius of the aerosol particles.
Further, it is also contemplated that the aerosol is uniformly distributed within the detection chamber in any of the following cases:
when the aerosol is detected to reach the detection position at the lowest end of the detection cavity;
when the detection time reaches the volume concentration detection start time;
When the position change parameters detected at each detection position are all in a preset fluctuation range.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the position detection information comprises the intensity of the emitted laser and the corresponding intensity of the received laser;
the position change parameter includes a transmission/reception laser intensity change amount obtained from the transmission laser intensity and the reception laser intensity.
Further, before detecting the volume concentration of the aerosol, the method further comprises: and calculating the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol according to the aerosol detection method.
The aerosol detection method provided by the invention specifically provides a measurement method of the volume concentration of the aerosol, and specifically, when the aerosol is uniformly distributed in the detection cavity, the detection cavity is in a closed state, then the aerosol is detected at least two detection positions which are arranged in the detection cavity along the vertical direction, position detection information required by calculating the volume concentration of the aerosol is obtained, then corresponding position change parameters are further obtained according to the position detection information, and the position change parameters are brought into a volume concentration calculation formula of the aerosol, so that the corresponding volume concentration can be conveniently obtained. Further, the deposition amount of the aerosol may be determined according to the volume concentration. Compared with the weighing method in the prior art, the aerosol volume concentration measuring method provided by the invention is simple and practical, does not need to be manually participated in the detection process, does not need to be provided with substances for adhering dust fall, is simpler and more intelligent in the detection process, and can effectively improve the detection efficiency.
Furthermore, in the method for measuring the volume concentration of the aerosol, the position detection information comprises the emitted laser intensity and the corresponding received laser intensity, the position change parameter comprises the receiving and transmitting laser intensity variation, namely the receiving and transmitting laser intensity variation can be determined by detecting the influence of the aerosol on the laser intensity, and the receiving and transmitting laser intensity variation is brought into an aerosol volume concentration calculation formula to conveniently calculate the volume concentration of the aerosol.
The invention also provides an aerosol detection system comprising: a detection unit and a processing unit,
the detection unit comprises a hollow detection cavity, at least two detection positions are arranged on the inner wall of the detection cavity along the vertical direction, and detection devices for detecting position detection information are respectively arranged at the detection positions;
the processing unit is used for obtaining position change parameters corresponding to each detection position according to the position detection information detected by the detection device, and determining the sedimentation velocity and/or the volume concentration of the aerosol according to the position change parameters.
Further, the detection unit further comprises a shell, the shell is arranged on the outer side of the detection cavity, an aerosol inlet is formed in the top of the detection cavity, and the top of the shell and/or the aerosol inlet are/is of an openable structure.
Further, the top of the housing and/or the aerosol inlet is also provided with a fan for dust removal.
Further, a barrier with an aperture is provided at the top of the housing and/or at the aerosol inlet.
Further, an aerosol outlet is arranged at the bottom of the detection cavity, and the bottom of the shell and/or the aerosol outlet are/is of an openable structure.
Further, the detection unit further comprises an air extracting device, and the air extracting device is communicated with the detection cavity and is used for extracting gas in the detection cavity.
Further, the detection unit further comprises a waterproof vent hole, and the waterproof vent hole is communicated with the inner wall of the detection cavity and the outer wall of the shell.
According to the aerosol detection system provided by the invention, the position detection information of the aerosol can be detected by arranging the detection cavity and arranging the detection device in the detection cavity, then the position change parameter is obtained according to the position detection information, and further the sedimentation speed or the volume concentration of the aerosol can be obtained according to the position change parameter as required.
Further, in the aerosol detection system provided by the invention, the position detection information can be specifically the transmitted laser intensity and the corresponding received laser intensity, namely, the influence of the aerosol on the laser receiving and transmitting intensity can be detected, and then the sedimentation rate and the volume concentration of the aerosol can be determined according to the change of the laser receiving and transmitting intensity. The aerosol detection system has simple structure, convenient use and convenient popularization; the whole electronic control can be realized in the detection process without manual participation, the adaptation environment is not limited, and the detection device can be used in areas such as the field.
In summary, the aerosol detection method and system provided by the invention can be particularly used for measuring the volume concentration of the aerosol and measuring the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol, compared with the aerosol volume concentration and sedimentation velocity measurement method in the prior art, the aerosol detection method and system are simple and practical, are convenient to manufacture and popularize, and can be used for detecting the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol without expensive simulation instruments; in addition, compared with the prior art, the aerosol detection system can realize whole-course electronic control in the detection process without manual participation, has no limitation on the use environment, can be used in areas such as the field, has strong practicability and is convenient to popularize and use; and the volume concentration of the aerosol can be detected without adding extra substances for adhering dust fall, so that the settling volume of the aerosol is obtained, and the resource waste is effectively reduced. The aerosol detection method and the aerosol detection system can effectively improve detection efficiency and have practical value.
Additional features and corresponding advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some examples of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an aerosol detection method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the settling velocity of an aerosol according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for measuring aerosol volume concentration according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the settling velocity and volume concentration of an aerosol according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an aerosol detection system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a detector provided in accordance with a fourth embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a fence according to a fourth embodiment;
fig. 8 and 9 are schematic structural views of a barrier of the fence structure shown in fig. 7;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the electrical device shown in fig. 5.
Reference numerals:
1: a detection unit; 2: a processing unit; 11: a detection chamber; 12: a housing; 13: an air extracting device; 22: waterproof ventilation holes; 111: an aerosol inlet; 112 aerosol outlet; 31: a first barrier structure; 32: a second barrier structure; 33: a metal mesh; a: detecting a position A; b: detecting a position B; c: detecting a position C; a1: a detection device A1; b1: a detection device B1; c1: a detection device C1; a11: a transmitter a11; a12: a receiver a12; b11: a transmitter B11; b12: a receiver B12; c11: a transmitter C11; and C12: a receiver C12;34: an electrical device; 131: an exhaust pipe; 341: a signal output terminal; 342: a power supply system connection end; a: a sticky seal a; b: a sticky seal b;41-45, sealing the baffle.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, the terms "upper," "inner," "bottom," and the like indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on the orientation or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or the positional relationship conventionally put in use of the inventive product, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus the terms "first," "second," and the like are merely used to distinguish the description and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings by means of specific embodiments.
Embodiment one:
in order to solve the problems that in the prior art, the detection mode of the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol is influenced by the detection environment and the instrument, the detection limitation is large, and the detection method of the sedimentation amount of the aerosol needs to be manually added with a substance for adhering dust fall, the practicability is limited, and the resource waste is easy to cause, the embodiment provides an aerosol detection method, referring to fig. 1, which comprises the following steps:
step 001: detecting the aerosol at each of at least two detection positions to obtain position detection information corresponding to each detection position; at least two detection positions are sequentially arranged in a detection cavity of the detection unit along the vertical direction;
Step 002: obtaining a position change parameter corresponding to each detection position according to the position detection information;
step 003: and determining the sedimentation velocity and/or the volume concentration of the aerosol according to the position change parameter.
The aerosol detection method provided by the embodiment can be particularly used for measuring the sedimentation velocity and the volume concentration of the aerosol, and the measurement method comprises the steps of sequentially arranging at least two detection positions in a detection cavity along the vertical direction, detecting the aerosol at the at least two detection positions to obtain position detection information corresponding to each detection position, obtaining position change parameters required for calculating the sedimentation velocity or the volume concentration of the aerosol according to the position detection information, and calculating the sedimentation velocity or the volume concentration of the aerosol according to the position change parameters.
Further, measuring the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol based on the aerosol detection method includes: aerosol passes through the detection cavity along the vertical direction; detecting the aerosol at each of at least two detection positions to obtain a position change parameter; determining the arrival time of the aerosol to at least two detection positions according to the position change parameters; and calculating the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol according to the distance between the at least two detection positions and the difference value of the arrival time corresponding to the at least two detection positions.
Specifically, the embodiment provides a method for measuring an aerosol sedimentation velocity based on the aerosol detection method, please refer to fig. 2, and the method for measuring the aerosol sedimentation velocity provided in the embodiment specifically includes:
step 201: the aerosol passes through a detection cavity of the detection unit along the vertical direction;
step 202: detecting the aerosol at each of at least two detection positions to obtain position detection information corresponding to the detection position;
step 203: obtaining a position change parameter corresponding to each detection position according to the position detection information;
step 204: determining the arrival time of the aerosol to the corresponding detection position according to the position change parameter;
step 205: the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol is calculated from the distance between the at least two detection positions and the difference in arrival times corresponding to the at least two detection positions.
Specifically, in the method for detecting the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol provided in the present embodiment, the aerosol may be detected by a detection unit provided with a detection chamber. Specifically, at least two detection positions are sequentially arranged in a detection cavity of the detection unit along the vertical direction, then aerosol is detected at each detection position to obtain position detection information of each detection position, then a processing unit obtains a position change parameter corresponding to each detection position according to the position detection information, further the time for the aerosol to reach each detection position is determined according to the position change parameter, and then the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol can be conveniently and rapidly obtained through a velocity calculation formula according to the distance between any two detection positions and the difference value of the arrival time corresponding to the two detection positions.
Further, for step 201, the aerosol passes through the detection chamber of the detection unit in the vertical direction, specifically: the aerosol drops in the atmosphere along the vertical direction, so that the aerosol can pass through the detection cavity of the detection unit along the vertical direction when the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol is detected. Specifically, in this embodiment, the detection cavity may be a vertical cavity, so that the aerosol may normally pass through; in addition, the inner wall of the detection cavity can be smooth in particular, so that the attachment of the aerosol on the inner wall is reduced, and the aerosol can normally pass through, so that the obtained sedimentation speed is not influenced.
In addition, since the composition of the aerosol is considered to be substantially the same for a certain period of time and the dropping speed is uniform, the aerosol can be considered to uniformly enter the detection chamber in this embodiment.
Further, for step 202, to accurately detect the time when the aerosol gas initially passes through each detection position, the aerosol may specifically be detected in real time or according to a preset speed detection frequency, where the speed detection frequency may specifically be set according to actual needs, specifically, the speed detection frequency may specifically be set according to a normal sedimentation speed range of the aerosol, for example, assuming that the sedimentation speed of the aerosol is about 0.2 meters per second, and 2 to 3 speed values are obtained in each second, so that timely detection of the aerosol may be ensured, and the speed detection frequency may be set to 2 to 3Hz. Further, at each detection, the detection may be started at the same time, that is, the position detection information at each detection position may be obtained at the same time, or the time difference of starting the detection at each detection position may be set, for example, the time difference of starting the detection from the detection position from the top to the bottom may be set to 0.001 to 0003 seconds, or the like, which may be specifically set according to the predicted specific descent speed of the aerosol and the distance difference between each detection position.
Further, since there are usually influencing factors such as errors when detecting and acquiring the position detection information, in order to eliminate the influence of the influencing factors on the detection result, a detection device may be disposed at each detection position, where the detection device specifically includes at least two detectors, at least two corresponding position detection information is obtained through the at least two detectors, and then error processing is performed on the at least two position detection information in error processing modes such as averaging and calibration, so as to obtain the position detection information under one detection of each detection position.
Further, for step 203, a position change parameter corresponding to each detected position is obtained according to the position detection information, specifically, a specific calculation mode may be set, and then the corresponding position change parameter is obtained through the position detection information and the calculation mode. The calculation mode can be a subtraction formula, a division formula or the like, and can be specifically set according to the needs.
Further, for step 204, determining an arrival time of the aerosol to the detection location according to the location change parameter includes: and comparing the position change parameter with the position change judging parameter, judging that the aerosol reaches the detection position if the position change parameter is larger or smaller than the position change judging parameter, and recording the arrival time. Specifically, whether the aerosol reaches each detection position can be judged by comparing the position change parameter with a preset position change judgment parameter, if the position change parameter is larger or smaller than the position change judgment parameter, namely, the position change parameter is changed compared with the position change judgment parameter, the aerosol is considered to reach the detection position, the corresponding arrival time is recorded, and the arrival time of the aerosol at each detection position can be conveniently obtained.
Further, in this embodiment, the setting manner of the position change determining parameter specifically includes: detecting initial position change parameters at least two detection positions when the aerosol does not enter the detection cavity; and carrying out calibration processing on the initial position change parameters to obtain position change judgment parameters. And detecting initial position change parameters in the detection cavity when the aerosol to be detected does not enter the detection cavity, and setting position change judging parameters according to the initial position change parameters. Further, the position change determining parameter may be set according to the initial position change parameter, specifically, the initial position change parameter at each detection position is calibrated by performing an average value calculation, and then the average value is used as the position change determining parameter. Of course, the calibration process may be other data calibration process modes, which may be specifically selected according to actual needs.
Further, for step 205, the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol is calculated from the difference between the distance between at least two detection positions and the arrival time at the corresponding detection position. On the basis of the known distance and the arrival time, the corresponding sedimentation velocity can be calculated according to a velocity calculation formula. Specifically, referring to fig. 4, when the detection positions include two detection positions, namely a detection position a and a detection position B, which are disposed from top to bottom, wherein a distance between the detection positions a and B is L1, a time for the aerosol to reach the detection position a is T1, and a time for the aerosol to reach the detection position B is T2, a sedimentation velocity v=l1/(T2-T1).
Further, in order to make the obtained sedimentation velocity more accurate, a plurality of sedimentation velocity values can be measured, namely, a plurality of detection positions are detected, and then an average value calculation is performed on the plurality of sedimentation velocity values, so that the final sedimentation velocity can be obtained. Specifically, referring to fig. 4, when the detection positions include at least three detection positions of detection position a, detection position B and detection position C, wherein a distance between detection position a and detection position B is L1, a distance between detection position B and detection position C is L2, a time for the aerosol to reach detection position a is T1, a time for the aerosol to reach detection position B is T2, and a time for the aerosol to reach detection position C is T3, a settling velocity v1=l1/(T2-T1), a settling velocity v2=l2/(T3-T2), and then a final settling velocity V, that is, v= (v1+v2)/2 can be obtained by calculating an average value of V1 and V2. When three or more detection positions are arranged, the distance and the arrival time between two adjacent detection positions can be selected for measuring the sedimentation velocity in the manner described above to obtain a plurality of sedimentation velocities, and then the average value is taken for calculation to obtain the final sedimentation velocity; optionally, any two detection positions can be selected, the sedimentation velocity is measured according to the distance and the arrival time between the two detection positions, a plurality of sedimentation velocities are obtained, and then the average value is taken for calculation to obtain the final sedimentation velocity.
Further, in this embodiment, the method further includes stopping the measurement of the aerosol settling velocity in any one of the following cases: when the aerosol is detected to reach the detection position at the lowest end of the detection cavity; when the detection time reaches the speed detection stop time; when the position change parameters detected at each detection position are all in a preset fluctuation range. Specifically, when each piece of information required for calculating the sedimentation velocity is detected, the detection may be stopped, so as to save resources and protect the detection unit. Specifically, when the aerosol is detected to reach the detection position at the lowest end of the detection cavity, each piece of information required for calculating the sedimentation velocity can be considered to be obtained, and the detection can be stopped; in addition, the sedimentation velocity detection stop time can be preset, and when the detection time reaches the preset sedimentation velocity detection stop time, the detection is stopped; the settling velocity detection stop detection time can be specifically set in advance according to the normal settling velocity range of the aerosol and the vertical length of the detection cavity, and can also be set according to the predicted concentration of the aerosol, for example, if the predicted concentration of the aerosol becomes smaller, detection can be stopped, and the like, and can be specifically set according to the needs; in addition, a fluctuation range can be preset, and when the position change parameters detected at each detection position are all in the preset fluctuation range, the aerosol is basically in a uniform distribution state in the detection cavity, and the detection can be stopped; specifically, the fluctuation range may be set based on a positional change parameter of the aerosol predicted from the conventional detection result.
According to the measuring method for the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol, the aerosol can be detected at least two detection positions which are arranged in the detection cavity along the vertical direction, so that position detection information required for calculating the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol is obtained, then the arrival time of the aerosol at each detection position can be determined according to the position detection information, and further the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol can be conveniently calculated according to a time and distance formula; compared with the prior art that the method for detecting the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol is carried out in a manner that a precious instrument such as a PDA is adopted to simulate the sedimentation process of the aerosol in a laboratory, the method for detecting the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol provided by the embodiment is simple and practical, does not need an expensive simulation measuring instrument, is not limited by the laboratory in use environment, is suitable for field measurement, is more intelligent, and is easy to popularize.
Further, in this embodiment, the position detection information includes a transmitting laser intensity and a corresponding receiving laser intensity, and the position change parameter may specifically be a laser intensity change parameter obtained according to the transmitting laser intensity and the receiving laser intensity, where the position change judgment parameter is a laser intensity change judgment parameter, and the initial position change parameter is an initial laser intensity change parameter. Specifically, since the intensity of the laser changes to different degrees when the laser encounters gases with different concentrations, if the laser transmitting and receiving intensity changes, the concentration of the gas passing through the laser changes, so that the laser can be used for detecting the position change of the aerosol in the detection cavity. For example, when the laser intensity is more in impurity-containing gas, the laser intensity is more in attenuation, when the laser intensity is less in impurity-containing gas, the laser intensity is less in attenuation, so that the emitted laser intensity and the corresponding received laser intensity can be obtained by detecting the emitted laser intensity and the received laser intensity, namely, the transmitted and received laser intensity change information is obtained, and then the position of the aerosol is determined according to the laser intensity change information detected at each detection position. Namely, the method for measuring the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol provided in this embodiment may specifically include setting at least two detection positions in a vertical direction in a detection cavity of a detection unit, detecting to obtain a laser intensity variation parameter at each detection position, comparing the laser intensity variation parameter with a preset laser intensity variation judgment parameter to determine whether the aerosol enters the detection cavity and reaches each detection position, further determining an arrival time of the aerosol at each detection position, and calculating the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol according to a time and a distance formula by a difference between a distance between the detection positions and the arrival time.
Further, in this embodiment, the laser intensity variation parameter may specifically be an actually detected laser intensity variation, and the corresponding laser intensity variation judgment parameter is also a preset laser intensity variation, and the initial laser intensity variation parameter is also a previously detected laser intensity variation; the laser intensity change parameter may specifically be a laser intensity change rate obtained by actual detection, and the corresponding laser intensity change judgment parameter is also a preset laser intensity change rate, and the initial laser intensity change parameter is also a laser intensity change rate obtained by detection in advance. Which may be specifically selected and set as desired.
Preferably, the method for detecting the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol based on the change of the laser transceiving intensity is provided in this embodiment, specifically, before the aerosol enters the detection cavity, the change information of the laser intensity when the laser passes through the gas in the detection cavity can be detected, and then the laser intensity change judgment parameter is preset according to the change information. The setting mode of the laser intensity variation judging parameter specifically comprises the following steps: when the aerosol does not enter the detection cavity, measuring initial laser intensity variation parameters at each detection point; and performing calibration processing on the initial laser intensity variation parameters to obtain preset laser intensity variation judgment parameters. And then detecting the laser emission intensity and the corresponding laser receiving intensity at each detection position in real time or according to a preset speed detection frequency in the process that the aerosol enters the detection cavity, obtaining the laser intensity variation parameter obtained by actual detection according to the detected laser receiving intensity and the laser emission intensity, comparing the laser intensity variation parameter obtained by actual detection with a preset laser intensity variation judgment parameter, if the position variation parameter is larger or smaller than the preset laser intensity variation judgment parameter, judging that the aerosol reaches the detection position, and recording the arrival time, wherein the arrival time is the time from the time when the aerosol enters the detection cavity to the time when the laser intensity variation parameter obtained by actual detection is larger or smaller than the laser intensity variation judgment parameter.
Further, if the detection cavity is relatively clean environment or the gas concentration is small before the aerosol to be detected enters the detection cavity, and the concentration of the aerosol to be detected is large, the preset laser intensity change judgment parameter should be smaller than the actually detected laser intensity change parameter; in contrast, if the concentration of the medium gas in the detection chamber is larger and the concentration of the aerosol to be detected is smaller before the aerosol to be detected enters the detection chamber, the preset laser intensity variation judgment parameter should be larger than the preset actually detected laser intensity variation parameter.
Further, the time for the aerosol to enter the detection chamber may specifically be the time for the shutter at the top of the detection chamber to open. The calibration processing for the initial laser intensity variation parameter may specifically be performing an average value processing for the initial laser intensity variation parameter at each detection position, and taking the average value as the laser intensity variation judgment parameter.
Further, in this embodiment, a laser detection device for detecting the laser transceiving intensity may be provided at the detection position, and the laser detection device detects the transmitting laser intensity and the receiving laser intensity at the detection position, and then the corresponding actually detected laser intensity variation parameters may be obtained through the transmitting laser intensity and the receiving laser intensity. Further, in order to make the actually detected laser intensity variation parameters at the detection position as accurate as possible, at least two sets of oppositely arranged detectors may be arranged at the detection position, where the oppositely arranged detectors may specifically be a laser emitter and a laser receiver, to obtain at least two sets of laser intensity variation parameters by detection, and then obtaining the position variation parameters of one detection position at one detection frequency by calculating the average value of the two sets of laser intensity variation parameters.
Further, in this embodiment, the position change parameter and the initial position change parameter may specifically be a laser intensity change amount, that is, whether the aerosol reaches the detection position may be determined according to the laser intensity change amount.
Specifically, assuming that the intensity is I1 at the detection position a from the point a11 when the initial state is measured or the sand-free state is measured in the cavity, the laser beam is transmitted to the point a12 with substantially no change in intensity (completely clean cavity), the laser intensity change amount is 0, or the laser beam intensity is reduced by I0 (some minute particles may be present) when the measurement is performed at the point a 12. And (3) starting measurement, sequentially entering the A-B-C detection positions of the detection cavity by particles such as aerosol, correspondingly, enabling light beams emitted by the laser transmitters at the three detection positions to generate intensity change, sensing the light beams by the corresponding laser receivers, wherein the obtained change quantity is far greater than an initial background change value I0, considering that the aerosol reaches the position, and recording corresponding system time, so that the time T1, T2 and T3 when the particles sequentially pass through the three detection positions can be determined.
In this embodiment, the position change parameter and the initial position change parameter may be specifically a laser intensity change rate.
In particular, the transmission loss of the laser beam in the initial state should be quite close due to the thermal motion of the molecules, but there may be a difference in the actually measured variation value of the laser beam intensity due to the difference in transceiver performance or the like. For this purpose, a change ratio may be introduced, i.e. the change rates β1=i1/I0 of the laser beams emitted by the laser transceiver devices of the respective groups in the measurement cavity (I0 is the intensity of the emitted laser, I1 is the intensity of the received laser, β1 is the ratio of the intensity of the received laser to the intensity of the emitted laser) are measured and stored in advance, respectively. When the upper opening of the device is opened, after sand enters, the change ratio of the laser beam is detected to be beta 2 again. When β1 > λβ2, the aerosol can be considered to reach the detection position, and the arrival time is recorded. Here, λ may be artificially set as needed, and may be a specific value such as 1.5 or 2.
Further, in this embodiment, the processing unit may specifically include an input end, where a corresponding worker may set parameters such as λ through the input end, where the input end may specifically be a terminal such as a keyboard, a touch screen, a computer, a mobile phone, and the like, and may specifically be set as required.
According to the method for detecting the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol based on the change of the laser receiving and transmitting intensity, the arrival time of the aerosol at each detection position can be conveniently determined according to the change amount or the change rate information of the laser intensity by detecting the laser intensity emitted by the laser emitters and the laser intensity received by the laser receivers which are oppositely arranged at the detection positions, so that the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol can be conveniently and rapidly obtained.
Further, the position detection information in the present embodiment may be obtained by other technical means. For example, a plurality of infrared (or other various existing microwaves) emitters and a plurality of infrared or other various existing microwaves) receivers disposed in the detection chamber may be employed, so that the corresponding infrared emitters and receivers or other microwave detectors may be disposed according to the intensity of the emitted infrared (or other microwaves) and the intensity of the received infrared (or other microwaves), and further, by detecting the change in the intensity of the infrared or other microwaves, the position of the aerosol in the detection chamber is checked according to the change in the intensity to determine the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol. Furthermore, the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol can be detected by using other various detection principles and detection modes, for example, the detection can be performed according to ultrasound, the specific detection mode is similar to the mode of detecting the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol based on laser, and the corresponding ultrasonic detector is also provided to detect and acquire the position detection information. For those skilled in the art, the present invention is not limited to a specific detection method for the settling velocity of the aerosol, and those skilled in the art may optionally select various modes for detection according to actual design and use requirements, for example, the above-mentioned laser, microwave, ultrasound, even electromagnetic wave, etc., so long as the intensity variation of the detection medium in different aerosols can be obtained by various detection modes, the settling velocity of the aerosol can be obtained by the method provided by the present invention, which is not limited in particular.
Embodiment two:
in order to solve the problems that in the prior art, a weighing method is generally adopted for detecting the deposition amount of the aerosol, a detection structure has limitation, and substances for adhering dust fall are required to be manually participated and added, so that resource waste is easy to be caused, the volume concentration of the aerosol cannot be obtained, and the like, the embodiment provides an aerosol detection method, based on which the volume concentration of the aerosol can be specifically measured, and particularly, the embodiment provides a method for measuring the volume concentration of the aerosol based on the aerosol detection method, which is shown in fig. 3, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 301: when aerosol is detected to be uniformly distributed in the detection cavity, the detection cavity is in a closed state;
step 302: detecting the aerosol at each of at least two detection positions to obtain position detection information corresponding to the detection position;
step 303: obtaining a position change parameter corresponding to each detection position according to the position detection information;
step 304: and calculating according to the position change parameter and the volume concentration calculation formula of the aerosol to obtain the volume concentration of the aerosol.
Further, the volume concentration calculation formula of the aerosol is specifically:
Wherein: n is the volume concentration of aerosol, L is the distance between a pair of detectors arranged oppositely in the detection device for detecting position detection information, deltaI is the position change parameter, r 1 Is the minimum radius of aerosol particles, r 2 Is the largest radius of the aerosol particles. The p (r) is an aerosol particle size distribution function actually measured by a laser particle size instrument after sampling, the aerosol particle size distribution function p (r) can be obtained by an aerosol particle size spectrum instrument, specifically, the aerosol in the detection cavity can be sampled and returned to a laboratory and then measured by the laser particle size instrument (such as LAP-321 aerosol particle size spectrum instrument and other equipment), and the aerosol particle size distribution function p (r) is obtained. Q (r) is the extinction ratio of the aerosol particles calculated based on classical Mie theory, and the calculation formula is as follows:
ψ n (x)＝xj n (x)
where x is the product of the particle size and the wave number of the incident wave, j n (x)、Is a first and third class of spherical Bessel functions, and m is the refractive index of the particles.
Specifically, for step 301, in order to make the volume concentration of the detected aerosol as accurate as possible, the aerosol may be detected again when the aerosol is uniformly distributed in the detection cavity; in addition, in order to make the volume concentration of the aerosol in the detection cavity relatively stable, the detection cavity can be in a closed state, and then the detection of the volume concentration of the aerosol can be performed.
Further, in order to make the volume concentration of the detected aerosol as accurate as possible, at least two detection positions can be set in the detection cavity of the detection unit along the vertical direction, then the position detection information of each detection position is detected, then the position change parameters corresponding to each detection position are obtained according to the position detection information, further, the position change parameters of each detection position can be subjected to average value calculation to obtain final position change parameters, and then the volume concentration is calculated through a volume concentration calculation formula of the aerosol.
Further, in this embodiment, the method further includes that aerosol distribution in the detection chamber is considered to be uniform in any of the following cases: when the aerosol is detected to reach the detection position at the lowest end of the detection cavity; when the detection time reaches the volume concentration detection start time; when the position change parameters detected at each detection position are all in a preset fluctuation range. Specifically, when the aerosol is detected to reach the detection position at the lowest end of the detection cavity, the aerosol in the detection cavity is considered to be uniformly distributed, so that the detection cavity is in a closed state, and the detection of the volume concentration of the aerosol is started. In addition, the detection start time of the volume concentration can be preset according to the detection requirement, and when the detection time reaches the detection start time of the volume concentration, the detection cavity can be in a closed state to start the detection of the volume concentration of the aerosol; the volume concentration detection starting time can be specifically set according to the time when the aerosol is settled to the bottom of the detection cavity according to the normal settlement speed range of the aerosol and the vertical length of the detection cavity; when the detection time reaches the detection start time of the volume concentration, it is considered that the aerosol in the detection chamber is uniformly distributed, and the detection chamber is closed, so that the detection of the volume concentration of the aerosol is started. In addition, a fluctuation range can be preset according to the predicted volume concentration of the aerosol, and when the position change parameters of each detection position are detected to be in the preset fluctuation range according to the mode in the first embodiment, the aerosol is basically in a uniform distribution state in the detection cavity, so that the detection cavity is in a closed state, and the detection of the volume concentration of the aerosol is started.
According to the aerosol volume concentration measuring method provided by the embodiment, when the aerosol is uniformly distributed in the detection cavity, the detection cavity is in a closed state, then the aerosol is detected at least two detection positions arranged in the detection cavity along the vertical direction, position detection information required for calculating the volume concentration of the aerosol is obtained, then corresponding position change parameters are further obtained according to the position detection information, and the position change parameters are brought into a volume concentration calculation formula of the aerosol, so that the corresponding volume concentration can be conveniently obtained. Further, in this embodiment, after the volume concentration of the aerosol is obtained, the settling amount of the aerosol in the detection cavity may be further calculated according to the volume of the detection cavity, or a specific volume may be selected to obtain the settling amount of the aerosol in a certain range. Compared with the weighing method in the prior art, the aerosol volume concentration measuring method provided by the embodiment is simple and practical, does not need manual participation in the detection process, is simpler and more intelligent in the detection process, and can effectively improve the detection efficiency; and the dust-settling substances are not required to be adhered, so that the resource waste is effectively reduced.
Further, in this embodiment, the position detection information includes a transmitting laser intensity and a corresponding receiving laser intensity, and the position change parameter includes a transmitting-receiving laser intensity change amount obtained according to the transmitting laser intensity and the receiving laser intensity. Specifically, because the intensity of the laser changes to different degrees when encountering gases with different concentrations, the change of the intensity of the transmitted and received laser can be detected to determine the change of the intensity of the transmitted and received laser, and then the volume concentration of the aerosol is obtained by calculating through the volume concentration calculation formula. The laser intensity variation amount may be specifically a laser intensity attenuation amount obtained from the transmission laser intensity and the reception laser intensity, and the laser intensity variation amount may be specifically an average value of a plurality of laser intensity attenuation amounts obtained from a plurality of transmission laser intensities and a plurality of reception laser intensities.
Embodiment III:
based on the aerosol detection method provided by the present invention, the present embodiment provides a method for measuring the sedimentation velocity and the volume concentration of an aerosol based on the aerosol detection method, specifically, before the volume concentration of the aerosol is detected by the aerosol volume concentration measurement method provided by the second embodiment, the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol may also be detected, specifically, please refer to fig. 4, the method for measuring the sedimentation velocity and the volume concentration of the aerosol provided by the present embodiment includes:
Step 401: the aerosol passes through a detection cavity of the detection unit along the vertical direction;
step 402: detecting the aerosol at each of at least two detection positions to obtain first position detection information corresponding to the detection positions, wherein the detection positions are sequentially arranged along the vertical direction of the detection cavity;
step 403: obtaining, by the processing unit, a first position change parameter corresponding to each detected position according to the position detection information;
step 404: determining the arrival time of the aerosol to the corresponding detection position according to the position change parameter;
step 405: calculating a sedimentation velocity of the aerosol according to a distance between the at least two detection positions and a difference between arrival times corresponding to the at least two detection positions;
step 406: judging whether aerosol is uniformly distributed in a vertical detection cavity of the detection unit, if so, enabling the detection cavity to be in a closed state;
step 407: detecting the aerosol at each of at least two detection positions to obtain second position detection information corresponding to the detection position;
step 408: obtaining a second position change parameter corresponding to each detection position according to the second position detection information by using the processing unit;
Step 409: and calculating the volume concentration of the aerosol by a volume concentration calculation formula of the aerosol.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the first position detection information and the first position change parameter are specifically the position detection information and the position change parameter in the first embodiment, and the second position detection information and the second position change parameter are specifically the position detection information and the position change parameter in the second embodiment. The method for measuring the sedimentation velocity and the volume concentration of the aerosol provided in this embodiment may first detect the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol according to the method for detecting the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol in the first embodiment, then make the detection cavity in a closed state, and further measure and calculate the volume concentration of the aerosol according to the method for measuring the volume concentration of the aerosol in the second embodiment.
In addition, in the measurement method of the aerosol sedimentation velocity and the volume concentration provided in the present embodiment, the sedimentation velocity detection stop time in the first embodiment and the volume concentration detection start time in the second embodiment may be the same, that is, the detection process of the volume concentration is started while the detection process of the sedimentation velocity is ended. Or an interval time of 1 second or 2 seconds from the detection stop time of the speed detection set at the volume detection start time, that is, a detection process of the volume concentration is restarted at an interval of time after the detection process of detecting the sedimentation speed is ended, which interval time may be specifically set as needed.
Further, in this embodiment, after the volume concentration is obtained, the gas in the detection chamber may be exhausted, so that the environment in the detection chamber meets the requirement of the position change judgment parameter, and then the operations of steps 401 to 409 are further repeated, so as to obtain a new sedimentation velocity and volume concentration. Further, the obtained multiple sedimentation speeds can be subjected to average value obtaining treatment to obtain the sedimentation speed in a period of time; and the obtained volume concentrations can be subjected to average treatment to obtain the volume concentration in a period of time.
The measuring method for the sedimentation velocity and the volume concentration of the aerosol is simple and practical in detection mode, can conveniently obtain the sedimentation velocity and the volume concentration, and is convenient to popularize and use.
Embodiment four:
in order to solve the problem that a detection device for simply and conveniently detecting the sedimentation velocity and the volume concentration of aerosol is lacking in the prior art, the embodiment provides an aerosol detection system, which comprises: the detection unit comprises a hollow vertical detection cavity, at least two detection positions are arranged on the inner wall of the detection cavity along the vertical direction, and detection devices for detecting position detection information are respectively arranged at the detection positions; the processing unit is used for obtaining position change parameters corresponding to each detection position according to the position detection information detected by the detection device, and determining the sedimentation velocity and/or the volume concentration of the aerosol according to the position change parameters.
Specifically, referring to fig. 5, the aerosol detection system includes a detection unit 1 and a processing unit 2, where the detection unit 1 and the processing unit 2 perform information interaction through electrical connection, and the electrical connection may specifically be wire connection, the detection unit 1 is mainly used for detecting position detection information, and the processing unit 2 is used for processing the position detection information obtained by the detection unit 1 to obtain information such as position change parameters, and further obtain a required sedimentation velocity or volume concentration of the aerosol. The processing unit 2 is also used for managing and controlling the detecting unit 1, such as controlling the working state of the detecting unit 1.
Further, referring to fig. 5, the detection unit 1 includes a detection cavity 11, where the detection cavity 11 may be a hollow vertical cavity, and in addition, three detection positions A, B, C may be disposed in the vertical direction in the detection cavity 11, and each detection position is provided with a detection device, such as detection devices A1, B1, and C1, and each detection device is used for detecting position detection information at each detection position. In addition, each detection device may be specifically disposed on the inner wall of the detection chamber 11, and specifically, a placement groove may be disposed on the inner wall of the detection chamber, and the detection device may be disposed in the placement groove. In addition, in the vertical direction, the detection devices can be distributed on the inner wall of the detection cavity 11 in a straight line or can be distributed at certain intervals, and the specific setting mode can be selected according to the requirement.
Further, in order to make the obtained position detection information accurate, the detection device at least comprises a pair of detectors, when a group of detectors is arranged, the information detected by the group of detectors is used as the position detection information, and when at least two groups of detectors are arranged, the position detection information of the detection device can be obtained by performing processes such as averaging or calibration on the position detection information detected by each detector. The detectors arranged in pairs can be specifically arranged relatively, the detectors arranged relatively are in the same horizontal direction, or the dislocation distance between the detectors is set according to the needs, and the detectors can be specifically arranged according to the actual needs.
Further, the detectors disposed in pairs in the present embodiment may be specifically a transmitter and a receiver, and further, the transmitter and the receiver may be specifically disposed opposite to each other. Specifically, the transmitter is used for transmitting a detection signal, and the receiver is used for receiving the signal transmitted by the corresponding transmitter to obtain a received detection signal. Referring to fig. 5, the detecting device A1 may be a transmitter a11 and a receiver a12 disposed opposite to each other, the detecting device B1 may be a transmitter B11 and a receiver B12 disposed opposite to each other, and the detecting device C1 may be a transmitter C11 and a receiver C12 disposed opposite to each other. A top view of the detector provided in this embodiment is shown in particular in fig. 6.
Further, the position detection information in the present embodiment may specifically be the position detection information in the first embodiment, or the position detection information in the second embodiment, which may be specifically selected as needed.
More specifically, in this embodiment, the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol is determined according to the position change parameter, specifically, the time when the aerosol reaches each detection position may be determined according to the position change parameter, and then the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol may be conveniently obtained according to the velocity calculation formula when the time and the distance between two points are known according to the distance between each detection position. In addition, the volume concentration of the aerosol is calculated, specifically, the position change parameter is brought into an aerosol volume concentration calculation formula, and the corresponding volume concentration of the aerosol can be obtained.
Further, since the intensity of the laser beam varies to different degrees when the laser beam encounters different concentrations of gas, if the intensity of the laser beam is varied, it means that the concentration of the gas passing through the laser beam is varied, so that the position variation of the aerosol in the detection chamber can be detected. That is, the position of the aerosol in the detection chamber 11 can be determined by detecting the change in the intensity of the transmitted and received laser light. That is, the detector in this embodiment may specifically be a laser emitter and a laser receiver, where the laser emitter is configured to detect the emitted laser intensity, and the corresponding laser receiver is configured to detect the received laser intensity, and the position detection information includes emitted laser intensity information and received laser intensity information, and the position change parameter may specifically be a laser intensity variation.
Further, the detector in this embodiment may be other detectors such as ultrasonic, microwave, infrared, etc., and the corresponding emitter and receiver may be disposed opposite to each other or on the same side as required, for example, the emitter and receiver may be disposed on the same side for infrared, for detecting the variation of infrared.
Further, in this embodiment, the detection unit further includes a housing, the housing is disposed outside the detection cavity, an aerosol inlet is disposed at a top of the detection cavity, and the top of the housing and/or the aerosol inlet are/is of an openable structure. Specifically, referring to fig. 5, the detection unit 1 includes a housing 12, where the housing 12 is disposed around the detection chamber 11 and is located outside the detection chamber 11, so as to protect the detection chamber 11. Further, the detection chamber 11 is provided at the top with an aerosol inlet 111 for aerosol ingress. Further, the top of the housing 12 and/or the aerosol inlet 111 may be an openable structure, specifically, the top of the housing 12 may be an open-type opening structure, the aerosol inlet 111 may be an openable structure, or the aerosol inlet 111 may be an open-type opening structure, and the top of the housing 12 may be an openable structure, or of course, the top of the housing 12 and the aerosol inlet 111 may be both provided with an openable structure, and the aerosol gas may be controlled to enter the detection chamber 11 or may not enter the detection chamber 11 by the openable structure.
Further, in the present embodiment, the casing 12 may be a structure with six sides capable of being closed, or may be a structure with an opening at the bottom. The detection chamber 11 and the housing 12 may have a cubic shape or a cylindrical shape, and the material may be a plastic or a metal material such as stainless steel, and the specific shape and material are not particularly limited in this embodiment.
Further, in this embodiment, the bottom of the detection chamber is provided with an aerosol outlet, and the bottom of the housing and/or the aerosol outlet are/is of an openable structure. Specifically, referring to fig. 5, in order to facilitate the discharge of the aerosol from the detection chamber 11, an aerosol outlet 112 may be provided at the bottom of the detection chamber 11. Further, at least one of the bottom of the housing 12 and/or the aerosol outlet 112 is provided with an openable and closable structure, by which the aerosol gas can be controlled to enter and exit the detection chamber 11, so that the aerosol gas is located in the detection chamber 11 or is discharged from the detection chamber 11.
Further, the openable and closable structure in this embodiment may specifically be a barrier structure, which may be provided at the top of the housing 12 and/or at the aerosol inlet 111, or may be provided at the bottom of the housing 12 and/or at the aerosol outlet 112, through which aerosol may be conveniently controlled to enter the detection chamber 11 or exit the detection chamber 11. Specifically, referring to fig. 4, in one implementation of the present embodiment, a first fence structure 31 may be disposed at the top of the housing 12, and a second fence structure 32 may be disposed at the bottom of the housing 12.
Further, the fence structure may be a shutter, and the opening and closing may be conveniently achieved by the shutter type rotation, so as to close and open the upper and lower parts of the detection chamber 11, and the fence structure is shown in fig. 7.
Specifically, referring to fig. 7, the fence structure in this embodiment specifically includes two sets of closed flaps, where a first set of closed flaps includes flaps 41, 43, 45 and … …, and a second set of closed flaps includes flaps 42 and 44, and when the fence structure is in a closed state, the state of each flap is shown in fig. 7, and when the fence structure is in an open state, the first set of closed flaps and the second set of closed flaps are staggered relatively to form a channel for aerosol to enter or exit.
Further, in order to provide sealing performance of the detection chamber 11, at least one set of sealing flaps is provided in the first set of sealing flaps and the second set of sealing flaps, and a sticky seal is provided at a position where the sealing flaps are in contact with each other. Specifically, referring to fig. 7 to fig. 9, the positions where each of the first set of sealing flaps and the second set of sealing flaps contacts with other flaps are provided with a sticky seal, which specifically includes a sticky seal a and a sticky seal b, and of course, only one set of sealing flaps may be selected to provide the sticky seal.
Further, in this embodiment, the top of the housing and/or the aerosol inlet is provided with a barrier with an opening. Specifically, to prevent large objects such as grass and leaves from entering the measurement cavity 11, and at the same time, the entry and discharge of aerosol are not affected, a blocking member with an opening may be provided to block the large objects, and the blocking member may specifically be disposed at the top of the housing or may be disposed at the inlet of the aerosol. In addition, the blocking piece and the first fence structure 31 can be arranged at the top of the shell or at the aerosol inlet together, and the upper and lower positions of the blocking piece and the first fence structure 31 can be specifically arranged according to the needs; alternatively, the blocking member and the first barrier structure 31 may be provided at the top of the housing and at the aerosol inlet, respectively, in a manner which may be specifically set as desired. In one implementation of this embodiment, a barrier may be provided at the aerosol inlet, the first barrier structure 31 is provided at the top of the housing 12, and the barrier may specifically be a metal mesh 33 as shown in fig. 5.
Further, in this embodiment, the detecting unit further includes an air extracting device, which is communicated with the detecting cavity and is used for extracting the gas in the detecting cavity. Specifically, referring to fig. 5, the detecting unit 1 further includes an air extracting device 13, where the air extracting device 13 may be specifically disposed at a position near the bottom of the detecting cavity 1, so as to facilitate extracting gases such as aerosol in the detecting cavity 1, and of course, the air extracting device 13 may be disposed at other positions as required. In particular, the suction device 13 may be an air pump.
Further, in this embodiment, the detection unit further includes a waterproof vent hole, and the waterproof vent hole communicates the inner wall of the detection cavity with the outer wall of the housing. Specifically, referring to fig. 5, a waterproof vent hole 22 may be further provided, where the waterproof vent hole 22 is connected to the inner wall of the detection cavity 11 and the outer wall of the housing 12, and is used for detecting ventilation of the cavity 11, so as to prevent excessive aerosol and excessive pressure in the detection cavity 11. In addition, the waterproof vent hole may be provided at a specific position as required, and may be provided at an upper portion of the side wall of the detection unit 1 as shown in fig. 5, or may be provided at a lower portion of the side wall of the detection unit 1, and the specific position is not particularly limited in this embodiment. In addition, a shielding sheet made of waterproof and breathable material is specifically arranged on one side of the waterproof and breathable hole 22 close to the outer wall of the shell 12.
Further, in this embodiment, a fan for dust removal is further disposed at the top of the housing, specifically, in order to eliminate the influence of the first fence structure 31 on the interception of sand and dust, the fan may be disposed at the top of the housing 12 in advance, and when the first fence structure 31 is in a closed state, the canyon belt formed between the closed blocking sheets is blown, so as to prevent dust accumulation.
Further, referring to fig. 5 and 10, the bottom of the detecting unit 1 provided in the present embodiment is further provided with an electrical device 34, one end of the electrical device 34 is provided with a signal output end 341 for electrically connecting with the processing unit 2, and one end is provided with a power supply system connection end 342 connected with a power supply system. The electrical device 34 may be a circuit board, which is electrically connected to each detecting device, the processing unit, and the power supply terminal, and is used for supplying power to the detecting device, and performing information interaction with the processing unit, for example, sending the position information detected by the detecting device to the processing unit.
Further, in this embodiment, the air extraction tube 131 of the air extraction device 13 may be located at one end of the detection chamber 11 as shown in fig. 10, and may be located near the electrical device 34, so as to conveniently exhaust the air in the detection chamber. In addition, the electrical device 34 is specifically disposed at the bottom of the detecting unit 1, and does not cover the aerosol outlet 112.
Further, in this embodiment, the processing unit 2 may specifically be a processor having functions of data storage, data processing, issuing control instructions, and the like, for example, may specifically be a CPU, and the internal structure of the processing unit 2 may be specifically set as required, and the specific structure of this embodiment is not specifically limited.
Further, in this embodiment, the specific size of the detection unit 1 may be set according to actual needs, specifically, the detection cavity may be designed as a cuboid structure with a square cross section and a side length about 2-3 times that of the cross section, and the detection cavity may also be designed as a cylindrical structure. In addition, the laser transmitter and the laser receiver can be specifically and uniformly arranged at the positions of about 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 of the device from top to bottom, the equidistant is kept optimal, and the specific positions can be selected and arranged according to the needs.
The aerosol detection system provided in this embodiment may measure the sedimentation velocity and the volume concentration of the aerosol respectively or simultaneously, and specifically, the method for measuring the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol by using the aerosol detection system provided in this embodiment is specifically referred to embodiment one, the method for measuring the volume concentration of the aerosol is specifically referred to embodiment two, and the method for measuring the sedimentation velocity and the volume concentration of the aerosol is specifically referred to embodiment three. The position detection information in the present embodiment may specifically be a laser intensity variation parameter. Compared with the prior art, the aerosol detection system has the advantages that the structure is simple, the use is convenient, the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol can be detected without expensive simulation instruments, and the manufacture and the popularization are convenient; the whole electronic control can be realized in the detection process without manual participation, the use and the adaptation environment are not limited, and the method can be used in areas such as the field; and the settling amount of the aerosol can be obtained by detecting the volume concentration of the aerosol without adding an additional substance for adhering dust.
Fifth embodiment:
further, in the aerosol detection system according to the fourth embodiment, the specific process of measuring the sedimentation velocity and the volume concentration based on the laser intensity attenuation information may be as follows:
step 701: the instrument supplies power;
step 702: the laser transceivers at the detection position A, the detection position B and the detection position C work, sand and dust information in the detection cavity 11 is measured to obtain a plurality of laser intensity variation, the laser intensity variation is an experimental background value, the experimental background values are automatically calibrated through mean value operation of software, the measurement values at the three detection positions are identical, and the calibrated values are used as laser intensity variation judging parameters;
step 703: and the fence structures at the upper part and the lower part of the equipment are synchronously opened, aerosol gas is put in, the laser transceiver at the detection position A, the detection position B and the detection position C works, and the laser emission intensity and the corresponding laser receiving intensity data are recorded at high frequency. The intensity data obtained at the three detection positions will have a fluctuation in the order of precedence due to aerosol sedimentation. Obtaining the time of occurrence of the laser intensity attenuation peak value through an algorithm, wherein the time can be regarded as the time of the aerosol reaching the detection position, and further calculating the average value of the particle sedimentation velocity;
Step 704: closing the fence structures at the upper part and the lower part, measuring the laser emission intensity and the corresponding laser receiving intensity at each detection position again, and taking the measurement result into a volume concentration calculation formula to calculate and obtain the volume concentration of the aerosol;
step 705: the air extractor is opened to extract the aerosol gas in the measuring cavity, so that the intensity data obtained by the laser transceiver at the detection position A, the detection position B and the detection position C are close to the background value obtained in the initial state; the air extractor is closed.
Step 706: the process of steps 703-705 is repeated with the data in the last state of step 705 as background values.
Step 707: the experiment was ended.
That is, in this embodiment, based on the aerosol detection system described above, the aerosol sedimentation velocity and the volume concentration can be obtained conveniently and rapidly.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with specific embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to such description. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. An aerosol detection method, comprising:
the aerosol passes through a detection cavity of a detection unit along the vertical direction, and is detected at each detection position of at least two detection positions to obtain position detection information corresponding to each detection position, wherein the position detection information comprises emitted laser intensity and corresponding received laser intensity, and the at least two detection positions are sequentially arranged in the detection cavity of the detection unit along the vertical direction;
obtaining a position change parameter corresponding to each detection position according to the position detection information, wherein the position change parameter comprises a laser intensity change parameter obtained according to the emission laser intensity and the receiving laser intensity;
determining the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol according to the position change parameters and preset position change judging parameters, wherein the position change judging parameters are obtained by detecting initial position change parameters at least two detection positions and calibrating the initial position change parameters when the aerosol does not enter the detection cavity, and the initial position change parameters comprise laser intensity change judging parameters;
When the aerosol is detected to be uniformly distributed in the detection cavity, the detection cavity is in a closed state, and the aerosol is detected at each of at least two detection positions, so that the position change parameters are obtained;
and calculating according to the position change parameter and a volume concentration calculation formula of the aerosol to obtain the volume concentration of the aerosol.
2. The aerosol detection method according to claim 1, wherein determining the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol according to the positional change parameter and a preset positional change judgment parameter comprises:
comparing the position change parameter with the position change judging parameter, and determining the arrival time of the aerosol at least two detection positions;
and calculating the sedimentation velocity of the aerosol according to the distance between at least two detection positions and the difference value of the arrival time corresponding to the at least two detection positions.
3. The aerosol detection method according to claim 2, wherein comparing the position change parameter with the position change determination parameter, determining an arrival time of the aerosol to the corresponding detection position, comprises:
And comparing the position change parameter with the position change judging parameter, and if the position change parameter is larger or smaller than the position change judging parameter, considering that the aerosol reaches the detection position and recording the arrival time.
4. The aerosol detection method of claim 3, further comprising stopping the measurement of the aerosol sedimentation velocity in any of the following cases:
when the aerosol is detected to reach the detection position at the lowest end of the detection cavity;
when the detection time reaches the sedimentation velocity detection stop detection time;
when the position change parameters detected at each detection position are in a preset fluctuation range.
5. The aerosol detection method according to claim 4, wherein the volume concentration calculation formula of the aerosol is specifically:
wherein: n is the volume concentration of the aerosol, L is the distance between a pair of detectors which are oppositely arranged in a detection device and are used for detecting the position detection information, p (r) is the particle size distribution function of the aerosol particles which are actually measured by a laser granularity instrument after sampling, Q (r) is the extinction rate of the aerosol particles which is calculated based on classical Mie theory, deltaI is the position change parameter, r 1 Minimum half of aerosol particlesDiameter r 2 Is the largest radius of the aerosol particles.
6. The aerosol detection method of claim 5, further comprising, assuming that the aerosol is uniformly distributed within the detection chamber in any of the following cases:
when the aerosol is detected to reach the detection position at the lowest end of the detection cavity;
when the detection time reaches the volume concentration detection start time;
when the position change parameters detected at each detection position are in a preset fluctuation range.
7. An aerosol detection system, comprising: a detection unit and a processing unit,
the detection unit comprises a hollow detection cavity, wherein at least two detection positions are arranged on the inner wall of the detection cavity along the vertical direction, and detection devices for detecting position detection information are respectively arranged at the detection positions;
the processing unit is used for obtaining a position change parameter corresponding to each detection position according to the position detection information detected by the detection device when the aerosol passes through the detection cavity of the detection unit along the vertical direction, determining the sedimentation speed of the aerosol according to the position change parameter and a preset position change judging parameter, and enabling the detection cavity to be in a closed state when the aerosol is detected to be uniformly distributed in the detection cavity, and calculating the volume concentration of the aerosol according to the position change parameter obtained by the detection device for detecting the aerosol at each of at least two detection positions and a volume concentration calculation formula of the aerosol, wherein the position detection information comprises a transmitting laser intensity and a corresponding receiving laser intensity, the position change judging parameter comprises a laser intensity change parameter obtained according to the transmitting laser intensity and the receiving laser intensity, the position change judging parameter is obtained by carrying out initial position change on at least two initial position detection positions according to the detection device when the aerosol does not enter the detection cavity, and the initial position change judging parameter comprises an initial position change judging parameter obtained by carrying out initial position change calibration.
8. The aerosol detection system of claim 7, wherein the detection unit further comprises a housing, the housing being disposed outside the detection chamber, the top of the detection chamber being provided with an aerosol inlet, the top of the housing and/or the aerosol inlet being of an openable and closable configuration.
9. The aerosol detection system of claim 8, wherein the top of the housing and/or the aerosol inlet is further provided with a fan for dust removal.
10. The aerosol detection system of claim 8, wherein the top of the housing and/or the aerosol inlet is further provided with a barrier with an aperture.
11. The aerosol detection system of claim 10, wherein the bottom of the detection chamber is provided with an aerosol outlet, and the bottom of the housing and/or the aerosol outlet is an openable and closable structure.
12. The aerosol detection system of claim 11, wherein the detection unit further comprises an air extraction device in communication with the detection chamber for extracting air from the detection chamber.
13. The aerosol detection system of claim 12, wherein the detection unit further comprises a waterproof vent that communicates an inner wall of the detection chamber with an outer wall of the housing.
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