CN108698950A - The fertilizer of anti-dust and caking - Google Patents

Abstract

Dust is formed and the method for caking in a kind of reduction fertilizer, including coats fertilizer with asphalt emulsion.Coating may include the combination of pitch, cut-back asphalt or pitch and cut-back asphalt, and it includes the pitches of 20-100%.Pitch, cut-back asphalt or combinations thereof can use water emulsification before being sprayed onto on fertilizer.

Description

The fertilizer of anti-dust and caking

Cross reference

The application based on and require No. 62/279,289 U.S. Provisional Patent Application submitted on January 15th, 2016 and The priority for the 15/404th, No. 348 U.S. Patent application that on January 12nd, 2017 submits, wherein each application is whole by quoting Body is incorporated herein.

Technical field

The invention mainly relates to coating compositions, are more specifically but not by way of limitation related in storage and transportational process Middle control dust and the asphalt emulsion for preventing fertilizer agglomeration.

Background technology

The storage and processing of bulk material exist forms related oddity problem with dust formation and caking.Specifically, Dust formation can bring safe and healthy and environmental problem, and lump and be formed such that the storage and processing of bulk material become difficult, And in extreme circumstances, agglomerated materials will produce security risk.

These problems are especially prominent in fertilizer industry.Fertilizer is usually powder, crystallization or particle form, and is being made Make, store and transportational process in be easy to generate dust.Due to the abrasion encountered in fertiliser granulates moving process, lasting chemistry Solidification process after reaction or primary particles are formed is likely to form dust, this causes humans and animals in dust when by air borne The health problem of sucking.Due to the variation of humidity and/or temperature or other environmental conditions, fertiliser granulates also tend to lump or gather Integrated larger agglomerate.Before application fertilizer, caking, which is formed, can cause problem, be suitable for providing because must be crushed fertilizer Equally distributed material and the blocking of distribution machinery is prevented in field.

It is related to fertilizer agglomeration and dust to overcome the problems, such as to have developed various methods, and certain methods achieve centainly Success.For example, known for a long time use oil, the mixture of wax and oil and wax.These oil and wax can be based on oil Or plant.However, using these processing methods, there are disadvantages.Over time, oil tends to volatilize and/or absorbed To in fertiliser granulates and losing its validity.Wax is also invalid and is difficult to handle, because they are in the temperature higher than its fusing point It is absorbed into fertiliser granulates under degree, but they will not spread or be coated in when they are applied at a temperature lower than its melting point On the surface of fertiliser granulates.In addition, oil and wax all have limited bond properties, this controls and resists for long-term fertilizer dust Caking ability is essential.

Based on foregoing teachings, it is intended to provide a kind of coating formulation for fertilizer, in the long-term storage of commercially available fertilizer product Deposit the caking tendency with the generation and reduction that reduce dust during treatment conditions.

It is fluid that coating, which is further desirable to, under application temperature so that it can be applied by conventional coating or adjustment equipment With.

Further it is expected that coating formulation does not influence treatment characteristic, mobility or the agronomy property of fertilizer.

Invention content

In general, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to fertilizer compound, the painting of fertilizer it includes fertilizer and is at least partly covered Layer.Coating may include the combination of pitch, cut-back asphalt (cutback bitumen) or pitch and cut-back asphalt, wherein by pitch, The combined hybrid of cut-back asphalt or pitch and cut-back asphalt and with water emulsification to generate coating.

Fertilizer can be MAP, DAP, TSP, NPK or combinations thereof, and can be particle, crush, be compacted, crystallization Or globular fertilizer or combinations thereof.Before emulsification, the combination of pitch, cut-back asphalt or pitch and cut-back asphalt may include 20-100% pitches.

Fertilizer compound can further include a effective amount of one or more additives, wherein one or more additions Agent is added to before emulsification in pitch and/or cut-back asphalt, is added in water before emulsification, or both.Additive can wrap Include but be not limited to additive beneficial on nutritional supplement and/or other agronomy, such as nitrogen stabilizer.Coating composition can be The viscosity of about 10cP about 100cP extremely at 120 ℉ at 72 ℉ is sprayed and/or can had under environment temperature.

In second aspect, prevent dust from forming the method with fertilizer agglomeration the present invention relates to a kind of.This method may include:Group Close pitch and/or cut-back asphalt;Make the combination of pitch, cut-back asphalt or pitch and cut-back asphalt emulsification to generate Coating material composition Object;And coating composition is sprayed on fertilizer.When being sprayed on fertilizer, coating composition may be at environment temperature. Before emulsification, the combination of pitch, cut-back asphalt or pitch and cut-back asphalt may include 20-100% pitches.This method can be into one It walks the group of a effective amount of one or more additives and pitch, cut-back asphalt or pitch and cut-back asphalt before being included in emulsification Close mixing.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the viscosity of various coating formulations and the relational graph of temperature;

Fig. 2 is the chart that the accumulation dust level of various coating formulations on MAP changes over time;

Fig. 3 is the relational graph of accumulation dust level and application rate that coating is emulsified on MAP;

Fig. 4 is the chart of the accumulation dust level of various coating formulations on lime stone at any time;

Fig. 5 is the cake strength figure of various coating formulations on DAP;

Fig. 6 is the cake strength figure of various coating formulations on MAP;With

Fig. 7 is the relational graph of cake strength and application rate that coating is emulsified on MAP.

According to being described below and claim, other advantages and features will be apparent.

Specific implementation mode

The device and method that the present invention discusses are only the concrete mode for illustrating to manufacture and use the present invention, without that should explain To limit range.

Although describing device and method with a degree of particularity, it should be noted that not departing from the present invention's In the case of spirit and scope, many modifications can be carried out to the construction of device and component and the details of arrangement.It should be appreciated that being Exemplary purpose, these device and method are not limited to the embodiment that the present invention illustrates.

In general, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to a kind of asphalt emulsion, it is used as fertilizer or other particles (such as SiO 2 powder, respirable dust etc.) coating.The coating can control environment dust horizontal, reduces dust and is formed, and not The tendency of caking is reduced in the case of the treatment characteristic for influencing fertilizer.Coating can be sprayed in the case where not heating, and make its ratio Traditional coating is easier to use.

Pitch in asphalt emulsion can be any kind of pitch, including bitumen and the pitch from crude oil.Drip Green lotion can be formed by directly using pitch or using modified pitch.Modified pitch can be cut-back asphalt, oil-extended asphalt (oil extended asphalt) or wax prolong pitch (wax extended asphalt).It specifically, can be by using tree Fat, especially wax, to form asphalt emulsion.The combination can be with water emulsification to form final product.Particularly, in emulsification Before, the combination of pitch, cut-back asphalt or pitch and cut-back asphalt may include 20 to 100% pitch or more preferable 50 to 90% Pitch.Specifically, in one embodiment, the combination may include 50 to 100% pitch and 0 to 50% it is diluted dilute Release agent (cutback diluent).Then the combination can be mixed with water and emulsifier to prepare coating composition.Composition Solid content can be about the 20% to about 70% of coating composition total weight.Coating composition can particularly exclude polyvinyl acetate Ester butyl acrylate.

After emulsification, coating composition can be used for coating inorganic or organic fertilizer.Fertilizer can be selected from the group compound Nutrient for plants:Main macronutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), secondary macronutrient (calcium, sulphur and magnesium) and micronutrient Plain (boron, chlorine, copper, iron, magnesium, molybdenum and zinc) or combinations thereof, or can be any other required fertilizer.Fertilizer can be particle Shape granulates, crushes shape, compacting shape, crystalloid, agglomeration shape or coccoid.Coating composition will not interfere fertilizer grade, product The rate of release of quality or fertilizer.Coating composition can be administered on fertilizer by spraying, as described above, coating composition It can spray at ambient temperature without heating.Environment temperature is considered 33 to 120 ℉, or more particularly 72 to 120℉。

Coating composition can be fluid and flexible, it is sufficient to it is sprawled on the surface of fertiliser granulates in coating process, But still there can be enough bond properties by environment dust adhesion to particle surface and to reduce in subsequent storage and processing procedure Dust formed.Coating composition can have the viscosity of the about 10cP to about 100cP at 72 ℉ to 120 ℉.Specifically, coating Composition can have viscosity more lower than presently commercially available product at the same temperature.This can allow user coating procedure it Before skip over commonly required representative heat step.More broadly, at 120 ℉, viscosity can be less than 200cP, preferably smaller than 100cP, viscosity can be less than 10cP at 72 ℉.The fertilizer coated with this emulsified paint can generate less than commercial product Dust.In addition, the fertilizer for coating this coating is less than those of coating commercial product caking at present.The drop of Caking Tendency Low is unexpected, because much fertilizer are made of water soluble salt or contain water soluble salt, and usually addition water or and water The quality of contact damage fertilizer.When water is absorbed by fertilizer, surface tends to become unstable, and this facilitate the lifes of surface crystal It is long, cause the crystal between particle to bridge, and this bridge joint causes to lump.In view of emulsion coatings contains 80% to 30% The reduction of water, caking tendency is beyond expectation.

The present invention can be explained further by reference to the embodiments described below.

Embodiment

The easy degree for preparing lotion depends on a variety of variables, including the selection of temperature, raw material, solid content, machinery emulsification The selection of equipment and emulsifier.The final solid content of most of lotions is 20% to 70%.In the examples below, the breast used Agent is the anion surfactant of oil-soluble and water dispersible, and determines to use the soap portion of lotion at 6 to 8 pH Point.It is expected that other anion, cation or nonionic surfactant, both sexes or amphoteric ion emulsifier or pickering emulsion can For generating similar lotion.

Emulsification preparation is measured with Brookfield DV-I+ viscosimeters and Brookfield Thermosel temperature controllers Viscosity.Compared with the standard commercial product of two kinds of non-emulsified dust-removing preparations, the viscosity of emulsification preparation can be shown in Fig. 1.Easily spray The peak viscosity for applying preparation is about 200cP.When the temperature decreases, the viscosity of dedusting product increases, this shows to remove for first Dirt product, temperature need to keep at least 100 ℉, 200 ℉ are then at least maintained at for the second dedusting product, effectively to coat Fertilizer.However, even if can have the viscosity less than 100cP, this meaning if the coating products of emulsification at a temperature of less than 100 °F Taste the temperature that emulsification preparation need not be improved when coating fertilizer, because viscosity is maintained in usable range.This is eliminated The heating stepses that are frequently necessary to before coating.

It is horizontal that dust tower described in No. 6,062,094 United States Patent (USP) by using Carlini et al. measures dust. In this experiment, fertiliser granulates are stirred by counter-current flow and by a series of grates simultaneously.Dust particles collection is being filtered On device, dust level is determined by measuring the weight change on assay balance.Powder is initially determined that after being handled with coating formulation Dirt is horizontal, and measures dust level again after four weeks in aging.The ageing process stores process for simulating in fertilizer In the increase of dust level that typically encounters.

Cake level is determined by using the intensity needed for the broken caking fertilizer of compacting Instrument Evaluation.In the test, Fertiliser granulates are placed in regulation room, wherein inducing caking using controlled temperature, humidity and pressure condition.By the fertilizer of caking Material particle is placed under the probe for being connected to digital dynamometer.Probe is dropped in fertiliser granulates with controllable rate to 1/2 English Very little depth.The power needed for broken caking fertilizer is recorded from dynamometer, and measures degree of agglomeration.

Embodiment 1

This example demonstrates the accumulation dust reductions for the monoammonium phosphate (MAP) that the emulsification preparation shown in table 1 coats Improvement.Application rate is fixed as 1.5 lb/tons.Initial dust level and aging powder are measured after handling fertilizer with coating formulation Dirt level, and calculate accumulation dust level by adding the dust level of each test phase.

Table 1

Initially use the first dedusting product as primer-layer-coated MAP.MAP is generally coated with priming coat for initial storage mesh 's.Then the first dedusting product or emulsification preparation are used as top coating.Top coating is usually administered to before shipment on MAP.More (most six weeks) determine dust concentration in a time frame, and it is horizontal to record accumulation dust.As shown in table 1, with priming coat It is horizontal that MAP only generates highest accumulation dust.Apply top coating further reduced dust level, and with the first dedusting product Top coating compare, the top coating of emulsification preparation significantly reduces dust level, as shown in Figure 2.

Embodiment 2

This example demonstrates the MAP's by using 1.5 lb/tons to the various application rates of 3.0 lb/ton emulsification preparations The improvement of dust reduction is accumulated, as shown in table 2.After handling fertilizer with three kinds of application rates, initial dust level and old is determined Change the horizontal the two of dust, and the dust level calculation accumulation dust by the way that each experimental period is added is horizontal.

Table 2

In the same manner as in Example 1, MAP initially uses the coating of the second dedusting product as priming coat for storage purpose.By three The emulsification preparation of the different application rates of kind is used as top coating.As shown in table 2, when using higher application rate, dust is accumulated Level significantly reduces.As shown in figure 3, the application rate of 3 lb/tons shows and best subtracts dirt effect.

Embodiment 3

This example demonstrates compared with using other commercially available dust-removing preparation coatings, the tired of lime stone is coated with emulsification preparation The validity of accumulated powder dirt reduction.Application rate is fixed on 8 lb/tons.After handling fertilizer with coating formulation, initial dust is determined The horizontal the two of horizontal and aging dust, and calculate accumulation dust level by the way that the dust level of each test phase is added.

Table 3

Lime stone is coated with coating formulation listed above and application rate, and measures accumulation dust level for comparing. As shown in table 3, uncoated lime stone generates a large amount of dust, and it is more than 2000ppm that dust level is accumulated after 4 weeks.However, using breast Dust water pancake will be accumulated down to 554ppm by changing preparation coating after 4 weeks, and accumulation dust water pancake is low more than 70%, such as Fig. 4 institutes Show.

Embodiment 4

Table 4 and table 5 demonstrate respectively for Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (DAP) and single ammonium (MAP), and use other commercial preparation phases Than the validity that cake level reduces when using emulsification preparation.Application rate is fixed to 6 lb/tons.At with coating formulation It manages fertilizer and determines cake strength after being adjusted in regulation room.

Table 4

In the same manner as in Example 1, DAP and MAP is coated with the second dedusting product 75 as priming coat for storage purpose.It is right In the DAP and MAP that only use priming coat process, application rate is 6 lb/tons.For the DAP and MAP of the processing of for use top coating, primary coat Layer rate is down to 3 lb/tons.Then the first dedusting product and emulsification preparation are applied as top coating using 3 lb/tons.In order to cause knot Fertilizer sample is exposed to high temperature and low temperature and high humility and the cycle of low humidity by block.To have cated sample and is placed in 140 In the room of ℉ and 75%RH and kept for 4 hours.Then sample at 55%RH is cooled to 72 ℉ and kept for 2 hours.By temperature It rises to 140 ℉ and 75%RH again with humidity and is kept for 4 hours.Finally, the sample in room is cooled to 72 ℉ at 55%RH And kept at least 16 hours to complete to adjust cycle.DAP and MAP samples should lump after these cycles.

Block samples are tested to determine cake strength.As shown in table 4, when emulsification preparation is applied as top coating, in DAP Cake strength reduce more than 50%, as shown in Figure 5.As shown in table 5, when emulsification preparation is applied using 4.8 lb/tons as top coating Used time, the cake strength in MAP reduce 38%, as shown in Figure 6.The top coating of first dedusting product is also by the caking in MAP Strength reduction 38%, but need the application rate of 6.0 lb/tons.This shows that emulsion formulations can use notable lower active matter (or organic), which loads, realizes that identical caking is reduced.

Table 5

Embodiment 5

Table 6 demonstrates the caking drop with emulsification preparation on the MAP of two kinds of different application rates and two kinds of different adjustments cycle Low validity.Cake level is determined after handling MAP with emulsification preparation and being adjusted in regulation room.

Table 6

As in Example 1, MAP uses the second dedusting product to be coated with 6 lb/tons as priming coat for storing mesh 's.Then emulsification preparation is applied as top coating using 3 lb/tons and 8 lb/ton application rates.As in example 4, in order to Cause caking, MAP samples are exposed to high temperature and low temperature and high humility and the cycle of low humidity.By sample be placed in 140 ℉ and In the regulation room of 70% or 75% humidity and kept for 3.5 hours.Then sample at 55%RH is cooled to 72 ℉ and holding 2 is small When.Temperature and humidity is risen to the humidity of 140 ℉ and 70% or 75%RH again and is kept for 3.5 hours.It finally, then will be in room Sample is cooled to 72 ℉ at 55%RH and is kept at least 16 hours to complete to adjust cycle.MAP samples should be after these cycles Caking.Block samples are tested to determine cake strength.As shown in table 6, existed using the cake strength of the lotion top coating of 8 lb/tons About 60% is reduced under 70%RH, and reduces by 40% at 75%RH, this can also find out in the figure 7.

Embodiment 6

Table 7 and 8 again demonstrates compared with other dedusting agents with and without agglomeration resistance additive, with three kinds of differences The validity of caking and accumulation dust reduction of the emulsification preparation of application rate on MAP (monoammonium phosphate).With emulsification preparation It handles MAP and determines cake level after being adjusted in regulation room.

Table 7

Table 8

Although having been combined drawings and claims describes device and method, it should be appreciated that, in addition to being shown here Or except those of suggestion, other and further modification can be carried out within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. a kind of fertilizer compound, including:

Single or compound fertilizer;With

The coating of fertilizer is at least partly covered, the coating includes the combination of pitch, cut-back asphalt or pitch and cut-back asphalt, It is middle by the combined hybrid of pitch, cut-back asphalt or pitch and cut-back asphalt and with water emulsification to generate coating.

2. fertilizer compound according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is the nutrient for plants for being selected from the group compound: Main macronutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), secondary macronutrient (calcium, sulphur and magnesium) and micronutrient (boron, chlorine, copper, Iron, magnesium, molybdenum and zinc), or combinations thereof.

3. fertilizer compound according to claim 1, wherein fertilizer be particle, crushing, compacting, crystallization, it is attached Poly- or coccoid fertilizer or combinations thereof.

4. fertilizer compound according to claim 1, wherein before emulsification, pitch, cut-back asphalt or pitch and dilution The combination of pitch includes 20 to 100% pitch.

5. fertilizer compound according to claim 1 includes also a effective amount of one or more additives, wherein described one Kind or multiple additives be added to before emulsification in pitch and/or cut-back asphalt, be added to the water before emulsification, or both It can.

6. fertilizer compound according to claim 1, wherein the coating composition can spray at ambient temperature.

7. fertilizer compound according to claim 1, wherein the coating composition has at 72 ℉ to 120 ℉ about The viscosity of 10cP to about 100cP.

8. a kind of method preventing dust formation and caking in fertilizer, this method include:

Pitch and/or cut-back asphalt are combined;

Emulsified asphalt, cut-back asphalt or pitch and cut-back asphalt are combined to produce coating composition;With

Coating composition is sprayed on fertilizer.

9. according to the method described in claim 8, wherein when being sprayed on fertilizer, coating composition is in environment temperature.

10. according to the method described in claim 8, wherein before emulsification, pitch, cut-back asphalt or pitch and cut-back asphalt Combination includes 20% to 100% pitch.

11. according to the method described in claim 8, further including combining a effective amount of one or more additives before emulsification Into the combination of pitch, cut-back asphalt or pitch and cut-back asphalt, it is combined to before emulsification in the water for emulsification or two Person.