CN108697324A - 用于确定施加到探针尖端的力的装置和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种能够确定施加到电阻抗谱探针的尖端的力的装置,其包括:包括附接到手柄的探针尖端的伸长探针,所述探针尖端具有用于接触人或动物组织的基本平坦的远端端部;测力元件,其位于所述手柄中并且能够测量当所述探针尖端与人或动物组织接触时沿纵向轴轴向地施加的力Floadcell;加速计,其位于手柄中以用于测量重力矢量Aaxial;处理装置,用于使用所述测量的力和重力矢量来补偿探针尖端的质量,以产生施加到所述探针尖端的力F的经校准的测量值。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及用于确定施加到探针(例如电阻抗谱(electrical impedancespectroscopy)探针)的尖端的力的装置和方法的领域。所要求保护的装置和方法可以改进人或动物组织(特别地但不排他地宫颈组织)的导电率的测量以用于确定早产的可能性。
背景技术
早产是没有结构畸形的婴儿中的三分之二的围产期死亡的原因。它对稀缺的卫生资源造成巨大的经济负担,因为每个出生的非常早产的婴儿在新生儿护理中花费数万英镑。在妊娠28周前出生时,4个婴儿中有1个患有残疾。这些残疾每年可能花费数十万英镑来治疗。家人也承受巨大的心理负担,父母一方通常不得不放弃工作以照顾残疾儿童。尽管早产儿的存活率正在提高,但早产率在增大,目前在所有新生儿中占7-12%。不存在识别早产的妇女的可靠手段。用于识别处于早产高风险的妇女的当前方法(诸如宫颈超声和胎儿纤连蛋白测定)在没有早产史的妇女中具有有限的精确性。针对通过全面筛查可靠地预测早产的技术因此是非常令人期望的。
电阻抗谱(EIS)是可以被用于评估宫颈癌前病变的已知技术,如例如在WO2006/12910(Brown和Tidy)以及WO2006/129116(Brown和Tidy)中所阐述的那样。关于针对宫颈研究的其他出版物包括:
Avis(1996)。体外多频率电阻测量和在妊娠晚期宫颈的建模(In vitromultifrequency electrical impedance measurements and modelling of the cervixin late pregnancy)。Physiol Meas17Suppl 4A:A97
Brown(2000)。宫颈肿瘤的组织结构与施加的电流之间的关系(Relation betweentissue structure and imposed electrical current flow in cervical neoplasia)。Lancet 355(9207):892
Gandhi(2006)。使用两个四极探针导出的人子宫宫颈电阻抗测量的比较(Comparison of human uterine cervical electrical impedance measurementsderived using two tetrapolar probes)。Biomed Eng Online5:62
Gandhi(2006)。非孕妇和孕妇宫颈的电阻抗谱(Electrical impedancespectroscopy of the cervix in non-pregnant and pregnant women)。Eur J ObstetGynecol ReprodBiol129:145
Hoe等(2004)测量人子宫宫颈中的生物阻抗:迈向早产分娩的早期检测(Measuring Bioimpedance in the Human Uterine Cervix:Towards Early Detectionof Preterm Labor)。Preceedings of the 26th Annual Conference of the IEEE EMBSan Francisco,CA,USA 2004年9月1日至5日。
Jokhi(2009)。测量妊娠人宫颈的电阻抗的再现性和重复性(Reproducibilityand repeatability of measuring the electrical impedance of the pregnant humancervix)。Biomed Eng Online 8:10;以及
Jokhi(2009)。宫颈电阻抗谱在诱导分娩过程和结果的预测中的作用(The roleof cervical Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy in the prediction of the courseand outcome of induced labour)。BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 9:40
本申请人已经研究了使用EIS测量宫颈对“非常小的电流”的“电阻”(换言之,宫颈组织的导电率或生物阻抗)以检测可能在早产之前的变化的价值。处于早产高风险的妇女的系列初步研究显示了对于37周和34周之前的早产的预测精确性。然而,使用EIS技术观察到显著的测量误差,并且期望提高测量值的精确性和可重复性。针对EIS技术中的测量误差的一个可能原因是通过EIS探针难以确保对于宫颈组织的一致压力。以上提及的Hoe等人的论文通过使用恒定力弹簧以通过一系列施加的接触力使能更一致的测量来解决这个问题。宫颈上的黏液层影响组织导电率,增加了更多的误差。
本发明的目的是解决与已知的现有技术相关联的缺点。
发明内容
本发明的方面和实施例提供了如所附权利要求中所要求保护的装置和方法。
根据本发明的方面,提供了能够确定施加到探针(例如电阻抗谱探针)的尖端的力的装置,其包括:
伸长探针,包括附接到手柄的探针尖端,探针尖端具有用于接触人或动物组织的基本平坦的远端端部;
测力元件(load cell),其位于所述手柄中并且能够测量当所述探针尖端与所述人体或动物组织接触时沿着纵向轴轴向地施加的力Floadcell;
加速计,位于手柄中的用于测量重力矢量Aaxial;
处理装置,用于使用所述测量出的力和重力矢量来补偿探针尖端的质量,以产生施加到所述探针尖端的力F的经校准的测量值;
显示装置,用于向用户指示力的经校准的测量值。
在一实施例中,处理装置还能够确定探针尖端的远端端部施加到的人或动物组织的导电率。优选地,人或动物组织是宫颈组织。
在一实施例中,所述测力元件包括呈桥接构造的四个应变片(strain gauges)。
在一个实施例中,所述加速计是模拟三轴MEMS加速计。
所述处理装置可以包括模数转换器,以将所述测力元件和所述加速计的输出数字化。
在实施例中,所述力的经校准的测量值F=Floadcell–Aaxial*(Mtip+Mload),其中,Aaxial是在探针尖端的轴向方向上对齐的加速计的输出,Mtip是探针尖端的质量并且Mload是测力元件以及与测力元件连接的诸如用于探针尖端的连接器的其他零件的自由质量。
优选地,所述显示装置能够指示施加到探针尖端的力的实时经校准的测量值。
在实施例中,所述显示装置包括阈值指示,其指示是否太大或太小的力正被施加到探针尖端。
该装置可以进一步包括记录装置,以用于记录测量值以便于对探针尖端的力的可重复施加。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种使用如前述权利要求中任意一项所述的装置来确定施加到探针(例如电阻抗谱探针)的尖端的力的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
获得原始测力元件输出;
获得原始加速计输出;
获得探针尖端的质量;
获得探针尖端的远端端部的面积;
将探针尖端的远端端部施加到人或动物组织并且测量当所述探针尖端与所述人或动物组织接触时沿纵向轴轴向地施加的力Floadcell;
使用所述加速计来测量重力矢量Aaxial;
使用所述处理装置以使用所述测量出的力和重力矢量来补偿探针尖端的质量,以产生施加到所述探针尖端的力F的经校准的测量值;
使用所述显示装置向用户指示力的经校准的测量值。
在所附权利要求中限定另外的特征。
在此申请的范围内,明确旨在的是,在前述段落中、在权利要求和/或下面的描述和图中所阐述的各种方面、实施例、示例以及可替选方案以及特别是其各个特征可以独立地或以任意组合来进行。也就是说,除非此类特征不兼容,否则所有实施例和/或任一实施例的特征可以以任何方式和/或组合进行组合。本申请人保留更改任何最初提交的权利要求或相应提交的任何新权利要求的权利,包括修改起初提交的从属于和/或包含任何其他权利要求的任何特征的权利,尽管起初未以该方式要求保护。
贯穿此说明书的描述和权利要求,词语“包括(comprise)”和“包含(contain)”以及该词语的变型,例如“包括(comprising)”和“包括(comprises)”意味着“包括但不限于”,并且并不旨在(并且不)排除其他部分、添加物、部件、整体(integer)或步骤。
贯穿此说明书的描述和权利要求书,单数涵盖复数,除非上下文另有要求。特别是,其中,使用不定冠词,除非上下文另有要求,否则说明书应被理解为考虑复数以及单数。
附图说明
现在将参照附图仅经由示例来描述本发明的一个或多个实施例,其中:
图1是用于在本发明的实施例中使用的伸长探针的示意性表示。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有附接到探针尖端2的手柄3的伸长探针1。探针尖端可以使用标准的商用连接器布置4而被附接到手柄。探针尖端2可以可移除地附接到手柄3,使得临床医生可以针对不同的患者选择和更换不同的探针尖端。探针尖端2具有基本平坦的远端5,其包括电极的布置,例如供在电阻抗谱中使用的已知类型的四极(tetrapole)布置。
测力元件6位于手柄3中。三轴MEMS加速计7也被提供在探针1的手柄3中,并且因此与探针尖端2和测力元件6两者呈固定关系。
EIS技术涉及将探针尖端2的远端端部5倚靠期望测量其导电率的组织放置。由于施加压力的差异显著影响结果,当探针尖端放置在组织上时由临床医生施加的压力是重要的。作为早产指标所测量的宫颈组织的变化更微妙,并且因此比癌前变化(其更通常由EIS技术测量)更易于受到施加压力的影响。因此,不仅在进行连续测量时能够重复相同的施加压力是重要的,而且在预定阈值内施加压力也是重要的。
本文描述的装置通过向临床医生或其他用户提供指示所施加的压力并且指示所施加的压力是否在期望范围内的显示装置而有利于此。这可以通过条形图或交通灯指示器来完成,例如,当施加的压力在期望范围内时显示绿灯。可替选地或此外,可以提供可听警报或其他信号。
本文描述的装置能够补偿探针尖端2的质量,以便测量(和显示)施加力的校准测量,其比施加在探针尖端处的力的直接测量更精确。探针尖端2具有已知的质量,其由于重力的作用可以施加显著影响直接测量的精确性的力(取决于探针的取向)。
为了确定施加的压力,只需要测量探针尖端2处的施加力,因为探针尖端在其远端端部5处具有已知面积(并且P=F/A)。
测力元件6测量沿着探针尖端的纵向轴轴向地施加的力。这个力等于施加到探针尖端的力加上尖端的质量乘以重力并沿轴向分解。探针尖端的质量是已知的,并且使用加速计测量相对于探针Aaxial的局部重力矢量。因此,可以以这种方式获得施加到探针尖端的力的校准测量,其补偿尖端的质量。
在所示实施例中,测力元件6包括以桥接构造布置的四个箔应变片。该桥接可以由1kHz频率的方波脉冲猝发激励,这允许具有低功率需求和对DC漂移的低灵敏度两者的对测力元件桥接的小电阻变化的检测。桥接的输出可以通过Sallen和Key电路进行放大和滤波,其输出可以通过微控制器的模数转换器电路在每周期被采样多次。电测量力的其他方法将适合于此申请,并且由本领域的技术人员理解。
在所示实施例中,加速计7是“模拟设备”三轴MEMS设备,其的输出适合于直接连接到微控制器的模数转换器电路。所需的唯一信号处理是针对零点和范围的简单的线性校准。加速计7的经校准的三轴输出通过旋转矩阵进行操作,使得其可以精确地与探针1的纵向轴对准。测量分解到探针的纵向轴的重力矢量的其他方法将适合于此申请并且由本领域的技术人员理解。
探针尖端的质量可以用天平测量并存储在探针尖端2内的EEPROM中。探针尖端2可以是容易更换的,因为探针1可以从其EEPROM读取针对每个特定探针尖端2的质量。测力元件6的自由质量可以通过其中探针1被保持在两个取向的校准过程来找到。通过要求用户将探针1保持在不同的位置,可以使用探针尖端2的已知质量和加速计7的输出来进行全自动测力元件校准。
显示装置(未示出)向临床医生给出了关于施加到探针尖端2的力是否在可接受限度内的反馈。显示装置可以是五个LED条形图,其中,中央LED被突显以指示期望的压力,并且随着压力增加,逐渐更多的LED被点亮。点亮LED中的每个所需的压力阈值的范围是可编程的。
当压力在可接受的限度内时,探针1可以仅被设置为进行EIS测量。LED条形图使用简便,并且在被测时允许手持探针1将EIS测量维持在期望的力的+-6%的限度内。
提供了处理装置,例如以可以记录患者信息、通过测量过程指导临床医生、控制探针、分析并将结果保存在数据库中的PC的形式。
尽管以上描述是关于EIS探针,但是本文描述的装置和力测量技术可以被用在其他应用中。例如,该装置可以被用于确定施加到在关节手术中使用的探针尖端的力,以评估新关节的配合质量。可以设想其他应用。
Claims (13)
1.一种能够确定施加到例如电阻抗谱探针的探针的尖端的力的装置,该装置包括:
伸长探针,包括附接到手柄的探针尖端,所述探针尖端具有用于接触人或动物组织的基本平坦的远端端部;
测力元件,位于所述手柄中并且能够测量当所述探针尖端与所述人或动物组织接触时沿纵向轴轴向地施加的力Floadcell;
加速计,位于所述手柄中以用于测量重力矢量Aaxial;
处理装置,用于使用所述测量出的力和重力矢量来补偿所述探针尖端的质量,以产生施加到所述探针尖端的力F的经校准的测量值;
显示装置,用于向用户指示力的经校准的测量值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述处理装置还能够确定所述探针尖端的远端端部被施加到的人或动物组织的导电率。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中,所述人或动物组织是宫颈组织。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置,其中,所述测力元件包括呈桥接构造的四个应变片。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置,其中,所述加速计是模拟三轴MEMS加速计。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置,其中,所述处理装置包括模数转换器,以将所述测力元件和所述加速计的输出数字化。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置,其中,所述力的经校准的测量值F=Floadcell–Aaxial*(Mtip+Mload),其中,Aaxial是在所述探针尖端的轴向方向上对齐的所述加速计的输出,Mtip是所述探针尖端的质量并且Mload是所述测力元件以及与所述测力元件连接的诸如用于所述探针尖端的连接器的其他零件的自由质量。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置,其中,所述显示装置能够指示施加到所述探针尖端的力的实时经校准的测量值。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置,其中,所述显示装置包括阈值指示,其指示是否太大或太小的力正被施加到所述探针尖端。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置,其进一步包括用于记录测量值以便于对所述探针尖端的力的可重复施加的记录装置。
11.一种能够确定施加到例如电阻抗谱探针的探针的尖端的力的装置,基本上如本文参照附图描述的并以附图的任何适当的组合示出的。
12.一种使用如前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置来确定施加到例如电阻抗谱探针的探针的尖端的力的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
获得原始测力元件输出;
获得原始加速计输出;
获得探针尖端的质量;
获得所述探针尖端的远端端部的面积;
将所述探针尖端的远端端部施加到人或动物组织并且测量当所述探针尖端与所述人或动物组织接触时沿纵向轴轴向地施加的力Floadcell;
使用所述加速计来测量重力矢量Aaxial;
使用所述处理装置以使用所述测量出的力和重力矢量来补偿所述探针尖端的质量,以产生施加到所述探针尖端的力F的经校准的测量值;
使用所述显示装置以向用户指示力的所述经校准的测量值。
13.一种确定施加到例如电阻抗谱探针的探针的尖端的力的方法,基本上如本文参照附图描述的并以附图的任何适当的组合示出的。
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