CN108695012B - Composition for forming solar cell electrode and electrode prepared using the same - Google Patents

Composition for forming solar cell electrode and electrode prepared using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108695012B
CN108695012B CN201810293273.8A CN201810293273A CN108695012B CN 108695012 B CN108695012 B CN 108695012B CN 201810293273 A CN201810293273 A CN 201810293273A CN 108695012 B CN108695012 B CN 108695012B
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composition
solar cell
frit
glass frit
cell electrode
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CN108695012A (en
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朴珉秀
河贤辰
金泰俊
朴相熙
郑名成
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Changzhou Fusion New Material Co Ltd
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Samsung SDI Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
    • C03C8/10—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead
    • C03C8/12—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Abstract

A composition for a solar cell electrode and an electrode fabricated using the same. A composition for a solar cell electrode comprising: conductive powder; a glass frit; and an organic vehicle, wherein the glass frit comprises a mixture of a first glass frit having a melting temperature (Tm) of 400 ℃ to 600 ℃ and a second glass frit having a melting temperature of 650 ℃ to 800 ℃.

Description

Composition for forming solar cell electrode and electrode prepared using the same
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a composition for a solar cell electrode and an electrode fabricated using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a composition for a solar cell electrode, which includes a blend of first and second glass frits having melting temperatures within specific ranges, respectively, and thus may exhibit good properties in terms of contact resistance and line resistance while providing high tensile strength (draw strength) and thus high reliability, and an electrode fabricated using the same.
Background
Solar cells generate electricity using the photovoltaic effect of a p-n junction (p-n junction) that converts photons of sunlight into electricity. In a solar cell, front and rear electrodes are formed on upper and lower surfaces of a semiconductor wafer or substrate having a p-n junction, respectively. Then, the photovoltaic effect at the p-n junction is induced by sunlight entering the semiconductor wafer, and electrons generated by the photovoltaic effect at the p-n junction supply an electric current to the outside via the electrodes. Electrodes of solar cells are formed on a wafer by applying an electrode composition, patterning the electrode composition, and baking.
The continuous reduction of the emitter (emitter) thickness to improve the efficiency of the solar cell may cause shunting, which may degrade the performance of the solar cell. In addition, the area of the solar cell has been gradually increased to achieve higher efficiency. However, in this case, there may be a problem in that efficiency is deteriorated due to an increase in contact resistance of the solar cell.
Therefore, there is a need for a composition for a solar cell electrode that can minimize adverse effects on a p-n junction given different surface resistances and improve conductivity at an interface between a wafer and an electrode to reduce contact resistance and line resistance, thereby improving solar cell efficiency.
Background art of the present invention is disclosed in unexamined Japanese patent publication No. 2015-144162.
Disclosure of Invention
An aspect of the present invention is to provide a composition for a solar cell electrode that can reduce contact resistance and line resistance while improving tensile strength (tensile strength) and thus reliability to provide improved electrical properties.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a solar cell electrode having good electrical properties due to low contact resistance and line resistance while exhibiting high tensile strength (pull strength) and thus high reliability.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a composition for a solar cell electrode comprises: conductive powder; a glass frit; and an organic vehicle, wherein the glass frit comprises a blend of a first glass frit having a melting temperature (Tm) of 400 ℃ to 600 ℃ and a second glass frit having a melting temperature of 650 ℃ to 800 ℃.
The first glass frit may be a tellurium-bismuth based glass frit comprising the elements tellurium (Te) and bismuth (Bi).
The first frit may also include at least one selected from the group consisting of: zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), phosphorus (P), germanium (Ge), gallium (Ga), cerium (Ce), iron (Fe), lithium (Li), silicon (Si), tungsten (W), magnesium (Mg), cesium (Cs), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tin (Sn), indium (In), vanadium (V), barium (Ba), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), potassium (K), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), zirconium (Zr), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), and oxides thereof.
The second glass frit may be a tellurium-bismuth based glass frit comprising the elements tellurium (Te) and bismuth (Bi).
The weight ratio of the first frit to the second frit may be in the range of 6: 1 to 1: 1.
The first glass frit may be present in an amount of 0.5 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition, and the second glass frit may be present in an amount of 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.
The composition may comprise: 60 to 95 weight percent of the conductive powder; 1 to 20 weight percent of the glass frit; and the remaining amount is the organic vehicle.
The composition may further include at least one additive of a dispersant, a thixotropic agent, a plasticizer, a viscosity stabilizer, an antifoaming agent, a pigment, an Ultraviolet (UV) stabilizer, an antioxidant, and a coupling agent.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a solar cell electrode is fabricated using the composition for a solar cell electrode according to the present invention.
The present invention provides a composition for a solar cell electrode that can reduce contact resistance and line resistance while improving tensile strength and thus reliability to provide improved electrical properties.
In addition, the present invention provides a solar cell electrode having good electrical properties due to low contact resistance and line resistance while exhibiting high tensile strength and thus high reliability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
10: a wafer or substrate;
11: a p layer or an n layer;
12: n-layer or p-layer;
21: a back electrode;
23: a front electrode;
100: a solar cell.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the invention may be embodied in different forms and is not limited to the following embodiments.
Herein, the "melting temperature" of the glass frit can be measured by thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA).
Herein, the content (mol%) of each elemental metal contained in the frit may be measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Since the inductively coupled plasma-emission spectroscopy uses a very small sample, sample preparation time can be shortened, errors due to sample pretreatment can be reduced, and analysis sensitivity can be improved.
Specifically, inductively coupled plasma-emission spectroscopy may include: a sample (i.e., a frit) is pretreated, a standard solution is prepared, and the content of each elemental metal in the frit is calculated by measuring and converting the concentration of an analysis target.
In the pretreatment operation of the sample, a predetermined amount of the sample may be dissolved in an acidic solution and then heated to be carbonized. Here, the acidic solution may include, for example, sulfuric acid (H)2SO4) And (3) solution.
For example, distilled water or hydrogen peroxide (H) can be used2O2) The solvent dilutes the carbonized sample to an appropriate degree to enable analysis of the analysis target. The carbonized sample may be diluted by a factor of about 10,000 in view of the elemental detection capability of the inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometer.
When the measurement is performed with an inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometer, the pretreated sample can be calibrated with a standard solution (e.g., an analysis target standard solution for measuring elements). For example, the molar content of each element in the frit can be calculated by: the standard solution was introduced into an inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometer and a calibration curve was drawn by an external standard method, and then the concentration (ppm) of each elemental metal in the pretreated sample was measured and converted using the inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometer.
Composition for solar cell electrode
A composition for a solar cell electrode according to the present invention comprises a conductive powder, a glass frit, and an organic vehicle, wherein the glass frit comprises a blend of a first glass frit having a melting temperature (Tm) of 400 ℃ to 600 ℃ and a second glass frit having a melting temperature of 650 ℃ to 800 ℃. The present inventors have found that a composition for a solar cell electrode comprising a blend of a first glass frit and a second glass frit can exhibit good electrical properties due to low contact resistance and low line resistance while providing high tensile strength and thus high reliability, and thus have completed the present invention.
Now, each component of the composition for a solar cell electrode according to the present invention will be described in more detail.
Conductive powder
According to the present invention, the conductive powder may include silver (Ag) powder. The silver powder may have a nano-scale particle size or a micro-scale particle size. For example, the silver powder may have a particle size of tens of nanometers to hundreds of nanometers or a particle size of several micrometers to tens of micrometers. Alternatively, the silver powder may be a mixture of two or more silver powders having different particle sizes.
The conductive powder may have various particle shapes such as a spherical particle shape, a flake particle shape, or an amorphous particle shape, without limitation.
Preferably, the conductive powder has an average particle diameter (D50) of 0.1 to 10 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 5 μm. Within this average particle size range, the composition can reduce contact resistance and line resistance of the solar cell. The average particle diameter (D50) may be measured using, for example, model 1064D (CILAS co., Ltd.) after dispersing the conductive powder in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) for 3 minutes at 25 ℃ via ultrasonic action.
The conductive powder may be present in an amount of 60 to 95 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. Within this range, the composition can improve the conversion efficiency of the solar cell and can be easily prepared in the form of a paste. Preferably, the conductive powder is present in an amount of 70 to 90 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.
Glass frit
The glass frit is used to form silver grains in an emitter region (emitter region) by etching the anti-reflection layer and melting the conductive powder during a baking process of the composition for a solar cell electrode. In addition, the glass frit improves the adhesion of the conductive powder to the wafer and is softened during the baking process to lower the baking temperature.
The composition for a solar cell electrode according to the present invention comprises a blend of first and second glass frits having different melting temperatures and the melting temperatures are respectively within a specific range. Generally, in order to reduce contact resistance and line resistance and to improve tensile strength, the content of the glass frit needs to be increased, resulting in a reduction in open circuit voltage. The composition for a solar cell electrode according to the present invention including a blend of first and second glass frits having different melting temperatures and the melting temperatures are respectively in a specific range may exhibit low contact resistance and low line resistance and improve tensile strength while minimizing a reduction in open circuit voltage.
Next, the first frit and the second frit will be described in detail.
(A) First glass frit
The first frit may have a melting temperature of 400 ℃ to 600 ℃. Within this range, the first frit can reduce contact resistance and line resistance. Preferably, the first frit has a melting temperature of 450 ℃ to 500 ℃.
The first frit may be a tellurium-bismuth based frit comprising the elements tellurium (Te) and bismuth (Bi). When the first frit includes the elements tellurium and bismuth, it is easy to ensure that the melting temperature is within the above range and the first frit can stably etch the anti-reflection layer, resulting in improved properties in terms of contact resistance.
The first glass frit may comprise a metal and/or a metal oxide in addition to tellurium and bismuth. For example, the first frit may also include at least one selected from the group consisting of: zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), phosphorus (P), germanium (Ge), gallium (Ga), cerium (Ce), iron (Fe), lithium (Li), silicon (Si), tungsten (W), magnesium (Mg), cesium (Cs), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tin (Sn), indium (In), vanadium (V), barium (Ba), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), potassium (K), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), zirconium (Zr), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), and oxides thereof.
In one embodiment, the first frit may be a Te-Bi-O frit comprising the elements tellurium and bismuth. Preferably, the Te-Bi-O frit comprises 45 mol% to 75 mol% tellurium and 5 mol% to 20 mol% bismuth. When the amount of the elemental metal falls within this range, the first frit may provide good properties in terms of contact resistance and line resistance.
In another embodiment, the first frit may be a Te-Bi-Zn-O frit comprising the elements tellurium, bismuth and zinc. Preferably, the Te-Bi-Zn-O frit comprises 45 mol% to 75 mol% tellurium, 5 mol% to 20 mol% bismuth, and 1 mol% to 20 mol% zinc. When the amount of the elemental metal falls within this range, the first frit may provide good properties in terms of contact resistance and line resistance.
The first frit can be prepared from tellurium oxide, bismuth oxide, and optionally a metal and/or metal oxide by any typical method known in the art. For example, the first frit can be prepared by: tellurium oxide, bismuth oxide and optionally a metal and/or a metal oxide are mixed by means of a ball mill (ballmill) or a planetary mill (planetary mill), the mixture is melted at 800 to 1300 c, and the melted mixture is quenched to 25 c, and then the obtained product is pulverized by means of a disk mill (disk mill), a planetary mill or the like.
The first glass frit may be present in an amount of 0.5 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition for a solar cell electrode. Within this range, the first frit may provide good properties in terms of contact resistance and line resistance while increasing tensile strength. Preferably, the first glass frit is present in an amount of 1 to 6 wt% based on the total weight of the composition for a solar cell electrode.
(B) Second glass frit
The second frit may have a melting temperature of 650 ℃ to 800 ℃. Within this range, the second frit may prevent a decrease in open circuit voltage while improving tensile strength. Preferably, the second frit has a melting temperature of 700 ℃ to 750 ℃.
The second frit may be a tellurium-bismuth based frit comprising the elements tellurium and bismuth. When both the first and second glass frits comprise elemental tellurium, such compositions may exhibit further improved tensile strength.
The second glass frit may include a metal and/or a metal oxide in addition to tellurium and bismuth. For example, the second frit may also include at least one selected from the group consisting of: zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), phosphorus (P), germanium (Ge), gallium (Ga), cerium (Ce), iron (Fe), lithium (Li), silicon (Si), tungsten (W), magnesium (Mg), cesium (Cs), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tin (Sn), indium (In), vanadium (V), barium (Ba), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), potassium (K), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), zirconium (Zr), manganese (Mn), aluminum (a1), and oxides thereof.
In one embodiment, the second frit can be a Te-Bi-O frit comprising the elements tellurium and bismuth. Preferably, the Te-Bi-O frit comprises 5 mol% to 20 mol% tellurium and 10 mol% to 30 mol% bismuth. When the amount of the elemental metal falls within this range, the second glass frit may provide improved tensile strength.
In another embodiment, the second frit may be a Te-Bi-W-O frit comprising the elements tellurium, bismuth and tungsten. Preferably, the Te-Bi-W-O frit comprises 5 mol% to 20 mol% tellurium, 10 mol% to 30 mol% bismuth, and 5 mol% to 30 mol% tungsten. When the amount of the elemental metal falls within this range, the second glass frit may provide improved tensile strength.
The second frit can be prepared from tellurium oxide, bismuth oxide, and optionally a metal and/or metal oxide by any typical method known in the art. The second frit can be prepared in the same manner as the first frit.
The second glass frit may be present in an amount of 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% based on the total weight of the composition for a solar cell electrode. Within this range, the second frit may reduce contact resistance and line resistance while improving tensile strength. Preferably, the second glass frit is present in an amount of 0.5 wt% to 3 wt% based on the total weight of the composition for a solar cell electrode.
The shape and size of the first frit and/or the second frit are not particularly limited. For example, the first frit and/or the second frit may have an average particle size (D50) of 0.1 μm to 10 μm. In addition, the first frit and/or the second frit may have a spherical shape or an amorphous shape.
The average particle diameter (D50) may be measured using, for example, model 1064D (celex ltd) after dispersing the glass frit powder in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) at 25 ℃ for 3 minutes via ultrasonic action.
The weight ratio of the first frit to the second frit (first frit: second frit) may be in the range of 6: 1 to 1: 1. Within this weight ratio range, the composition may exhibit reduced contact resistance and line resistance while having improved tensile strength. Preferably, the weight ratio of the first frit to the second frit is in the range of 4: 1 to 1: 1.
The glass frit comprising the first glass frit and the second glass frit may be present in an amount of 1 wt% to 20 wt%, specifically 2 wt% to 15 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition for a solar cell electrode. Within this range, the frit can ensure stability of the p-n junction at various sheet resistances, minimize line resistance, and ultimately improve the efficiency of the solar cell.
Organic mediumAgent for treating cancer
The organic vehicle imparts suitable viscosity and rheological properties suitable for printing to the composition for solar cell electrodes by mechanical mixing with the inorganic components of the composition.
The organic vehicle may be any typical organic vehicle used in compositions for solar cell electrodes, and may include binder resins, solvents, and the like.
The binder resin may be selected from acrylate resins or cellulose resins. Ethyl cellulose is generally used as the binder resin. In addition, the following binder resins may be used: ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, a blend of ethyl cellulose and a phenol resin, an alkyd resin, a phenol resin, an acrylate resin, a xylene resin, a polybutylene resin (polybutane resin), a polyester resin, a urea resin, a melamine resin, a vinyl acetate resin, a wood rosin, a polymethacrylate of an alcohol, and the like.
The solvent may be selected from the group consisting of, for example: hexane, toluene, ethyl cellosolve, cyclohexanone, butyl cellosolve, butyl carbitol (diethylene glycol monobutyl ether), dibutyl carbitol (diethylene glycol dibutyl ether), butyl carbitol acetate (diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate), propylene glycol monomethyl ether, hexylene glycol, terpineol, methyl ethyl ketone, benzyl alcohol, gamma-butyrolactone, and ethyl lactate. These solvents may be used alone or in a mixture thereof.
The composition for a solar cell electrode may contain a residual amount of an organic vehicle. Preferably, the organic vehicle is present in an amount of 1 to 30 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition. Within this range, the organic vehicle may provide sufficient adhesive strength and good printability to the composition.
Additive agent
The composition for a solar cell electrode according to the present invention may further include any typical additive as necessary to enhance flowability, process properties and stability. Additives may include dispersants, thixotropic agents, plasticizers, viscosity stabilizers, antifoaming agents, pigments, uv stabilizers, antioxidants, coupling agents, and the like. These additives may be used alone or in a mixture thereof. The additive may be present in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition for a solar cell electrode, but the content of the additive may be changed as needed.
Solar cell electrode and solar cell including the same
Other aspects of the present invention relate to an electrode formed of the composition for a solar cell electrode and a solar cell including the solar cell electrode. Fig. 1 shows a solar cell 100 according to an embodiment of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the rear electrode 21 and the front electrode 23 may be formed by: the composition for an electrode is printed on a wafer or substrate 10 including a p layer (or n layer) 11 and an n layer (or p layer) 12 as an emitter, and then baked. For example, a preliminary process of preparing the rear electrode is performed by: the composition is printed on the back side of the wafer 10 and the printed composition is dried at about 200 ℃ to about 400 ℃ for about 10 seconds to 60 seconds. In addition, a preliminary process for preparing the front electrode 23 may be performed by printing the composition on the front surface of the wafer 10 and drying the printed composition. The front and back electrodes 23, 21 may then be formed by baking the wafer 10 at about 400 ℃ to about 950 ℃, preferably at about 700 ℃ to about 950 ℃, for about 30 seconds to 210 seconds.
Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to examples. It should be noted, however, that these examples are provided for illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
Details of the glass frits used in the examples and comparative examples are shown in tables 1 and 2. Table 1 shows details of the first frit, and table 2 shows details of the second frit. The content of each elemental metal contained in the first frit and the second frit was measured by the inductively coupled plasma-emission spectroscopy described above. The melting temperature of each of the first frit and the second frit is measured by the thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis described above.
TABLE 1
Te(mol％) Bi(mo1％) Zn(mol％) Li(mol％) W(mol％) Melting temperature (. degree.C.)
Al 75.0 10.5 7.0 4.5 3.0 400
A2 60.5 12.5 12.5 4.0 10.5 600
A3 70.0 10.0 5.0 12.0 3.0 380
A4 60.5 12.5 10.0 3.5 13.5 620
TABLE 2
Te(mol％) Bi(mol％) Zn(mo1％) Li(mol％) W(mol％) Si(mol％) Melting temperature (. degree.C.)
B1 15.0 15.0 14.5 13.5 7.0 35.0 650
B2 10.0 15.0 15.0 9.0 15.0 36.0 800
B3 20.0 10.0 14.5 15.5 5.0 35.0 630
B4 10.0 17.0 13.5 7.0 30.0 22.5 820
Example 1
As an organic binder, 1.0 wt% of ethyl cellulose (STD4, Dow Chemical Company) was sufficiently dissolved in 6.5 wt% of butyl carbitol at 60 ℃, and 89.0 wt% of spherical silver powder (AG-4-8, same and advanced technologies co., Ltd.)) having an average particle diameter of 1.0 μm, 3.0 wt% of glass frit, 0.2 wt% of dispersant BYK 102 (BYK-chemie) and 0.3 wt% of thixotropic agent Thixatrol ST (Elementis co., Ltd.) (hekk-chemie)) were added to the binder solution, followed by mixing and kneading in 3 rolls, thereby preparing a composition for a solar cell electrode. Here, as the glass frits, the amounts of the first glass frit and the second glass frit in tables 1 and 2 were as listed in table 3.
Example 2 to example 4
Compositions for solar cell electrodes were prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the kinds and amounts of the first frit and the second frit were changed as listed in table 3.
Comparative example 1
A composition for a solar cell electrode was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the second glass frit was not used.
Comparative example 2
A composition for a solar cell electrode was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the first glass frit was not used.
Comparative example 3
A composition for a solar cell electrode was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that A3 was used instead of a1 as the first glass frit.
Comparative example 4
A composition for a solar cell electrode was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that a4 was used instead of a1 as the first glass frit.
Comparative example 5
A composition for a solar cell electrode was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that B3 was used instead of B1 as the second glass frit.
Comparative example 6
A composition for a solar cell electrode was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that B4 was used instead of B1 as the second glass frit.
Solar cells were fabricated using each of the compositions for solar cell electrodes prepared in examples and comparative examples, and then evaluated with respect to contact resistance, line resistance, and tensile strength. The results are shown in table 3.
Fabrication of solar cells
Each of the compositions for solar cell electrodes prepared in examples and comparative examples was deposited on a wafer by screen printing in a predetermined pattern and then dried in an Infrared (IR) drying oven at 300 to 400 ℃ for 1 minute (POCL was formed on the textured surface by texturing the front surface of a p-type wafer doped with boron (B)3N of (A) to (B)+Layer of and in n+Silicon nitride (SiN) is formed on the layerx: H) a polycrystalline wafer prepared by forming an antireflection film). Next, an aluminum paste was printed on the back surface of the wafer and dried in the same manner as described above. The cell formed according to this procedure was baked in a ribbon type baking oven at a temperature of 400 to 900 ℃ for 50 seconds, thereby fabricating a solar cell.
(1) Contact resistance
The contact resistance (Rc) was measured on a cell with a 1cm by 2.0cm finger stick (finger bar) printed on the top using a contact resistance meter (GP 4-TEST Pro.).
(2) Line resistor
Resistance to line resistance (R) on cells with 3cm finger bars printed on top in a dark room using a resistance tester (Keithley 2200)L) Measurements were taken.
(3) Tensile strength
Flux (Flux) was applied to the electrode of each of the fabricated solar cells and then bonded to the ribbon using soldering iron (white light limited (Hakko co., Ltd.)) at 300 ℃ to 400 ℃. Next, the tensile strength (N/mm) of the obtained product under the conditions of a peel angle of 180 ℃ and a drawing rate of 50mm/min was evaluated using a tensioner (Tenus Olsen). Preferably, the electrode has a tensile strength of 3.7N/mm or higher than 3.7N/mm, for example 3.7N/mm to 5.0N/mm. In this tensile strength range, the electrode can have high reliability.
(4) Open circuit voltage
The open circuit voltage (Voc) of each of the fabricated solar cells was measured using a solar cell efficiency tester CT-801 (Pasan co., Ltd.)).
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0001616496810000111
As shown in table 3, it can be seen that the composition for a solar cell electrode according to the present invention exhibits low contact resistance and line resistance and high open circuit voltage, thereby providing good electrical properties and high tensile strength.
In contrast, the composition of comparative example 1 using only the first frit without the second frit exhibited low tensile strength and low open circuit voltage, and the composition of comparative example 2 using only the second frit without the first frit exhibited high contact resistance. In addition, the compositions of comparative examples 3 to 6 using the glass frit having the melting temperature outside the range specified in the present invention exhibited worse properties in contact resistance, line resistance, tensile strength and open circuit voltage than the composition of example 2.
It is to be understood that various modifications, alterations, adaptations, and equivalent embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A composition for a solar cell electrode, comprising: conductive powder; a glass frit; and an organic vehicle, wherein the organic vehicle is selected from the group consisting of,
wherein the frit comprises a blend of a first frit having a melting temperature of 400 ℃ to 600 ℃ and a second frit having a melting temperature of 650 ℃ to 800 ℃.
2. The composition for a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, wherein the first glass frit is a tellurium-bismuth based glass frit comprising the elements tellurium and bismuth.
3. The composition for a solar cell electrode according to claim 2, wherein the first glass frit further comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: zinc, lead, phosphorus, germanium, gallium, cerium, iron, lithium, silicon, tungsten, magnesium, cesium, strontium, molybdenum, titanium, tin, indium, vanadium, barium, nickel, copper, sodium, potassium, arsenic, cobalt, zirconium, manganese, aluminum, and oxides thereof.
4. The composition for a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, wherein the second glass frit is a tellurium-bismuth based glass frit comprising the elements tellurium and bismuth.
5. The composition for a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the first glass frit to the second glass frit is in the range of 6: 1 to 1: 1.
6. The composition for a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, wherein the first glass frit is present in an amount of 0.5 to 10 wt% based on the total weight of the composition, and the second glass frit is present in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.
7. The composition for a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, comprising:
60 to 95 weight percent of the conductive powder;
1 to 20 weight percent of the glass frit; and
the remaining amount is the organic vehicle.
8. The composition for a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, further comprising: at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a dispersant, a thixotropic agent, a plasticizer, a viscosity stabilizer, an antifoaming agent, a pigment, an ultraviolet stabilizer, an antioxidant, and a coupling agent.
9. A solar cell electrode fabricated using the composition for a solar cell electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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