CN108693333B - Method for determining salt expansion coefficient of coarse particle sodium sulfate saline soil - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering geology, and discloses a method for determining the salt expansion coefficient of coarse-particle sodium sulfate saline soil, which comprises the following steps: s01: collecting particle size distribution data, water content, sodium sulfate mass content and ground temperature data of a soil sample in a coarse particle sodium sulfate saline soil area; s02: calculating the grading particle size index of the soil sample in the area according to the particle size distribution data in the step S01; s03: and calculating the salt expansion coefficient of the soil sample according to the grading particle size index of the soil sample in the step S02, the sodium sulfate content data and the water content data in the step S01. According to the method, the determination method of the salt expansion coefficient of the coarse-particle sodium sulfate saline soil is obtained by performing a quadratic orthogonal regression test on the soil samples with different grading particle size indexes, sodium sulfate contents, ground temperature and water contents, and the predicted value of the salt expansion coefficient of the soil sample is obtained, so that the purposes of providing a simple saline soil salt expansion coefficient determination mode for railway design and reducing the cost are achieved. Therefore, the utility model is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering geology, and particularly relates to a method for determining a salt expansion coefficient of coarse-particle sodium sulfate saline soil.
Background
The salinized soil is distributed in 11 countries such as Canada in North America, Argentina, Brazil, Peru in south America in the United states; 33 countries and regions such as African Aleria, Nigeria, etc.; 29 countries and regions of asia, china, india, pakistan, iran, etc.; australia, australia; france in europe, etc. 10 countries. The saline soil area of the world is about 897.0 kilo-square kilometers, and accounts for about 6.5% of the total land area of the world.
In engineering, the soil with the soluble salt content of 0.3% or more and less than 20% and with the characteristics of dissolving or swelling is generally defined as saline soil, and generally considered as the soil formed by that under the weathering action of rock, the water flow dissolves the soluble salt in the soil body, then the soluble salt permeates into the underground water along with the water, then the soluble salt in the water and the water in the soil are crystallized and separated out and retained on the surface of the ground layer under the capillary action of the pores of the soil body, and then the salt is evaporated.
At present, the salinization mechanism of the salinization soil is researched, only the influence of the sodium sulfate content, the water content, the soil body temperature and the compaction degree on the salinization amount of the coarse-particle salinization soil is considered, and the influence of the compaction degree on the salinization is not obvious. The influence of the structural characteristics of the saline soil and the salt expansion characteristic under the combined action of other relevant factors such as sodium sulfate content, water content and temperature is not considered. Neither a sodium sulfate saline soil salt expansion coefficient determination mode nor a sodium sulfate saline soil salt expansion coefficient determination mode under the most adverse conditions, and a simple and easy discrimination method is provided for high-speed railway design, so that a solution is urgently needed to be provided in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for determining the salt expansion coefficient of coarse-particle sodium sulfate saline soil, aims to realize the prediction of the salt expansion coefficient of the sodium sulfate saline soil, provides a simple and easy discrimination method for high-speed railway design, and reduces the design cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for determining the salt expansion coefficient of coarse particle sodium sulfate saline soil specifically comprises the following steps:
s01: collecting particle size distribution data, water content, sodium sulfate mass content and ground temperature data of a soil sample in a coarse particle sodium sulfate saline soil area;
s02: calculating the grading particle size index of the soil sample in the area according to the particle size distribution data in the step S01;
s03: and calculating the salt expansion coefficient of the soil sample according to the grading particle size index of the soil sample in the step S02, the sodium sulfate content data and the water content data in the step S01.
Collecting soil samples of a coarse particle sodium sulfate saline soil area, and determining a saline soil grading distribution curve by a screening method. The salt content in the saline soil is measured by a gravimetric method or an electric conduction method. And (4) collecting undisturbed soil, and measuring the optimal water content according to a compaction test. The temperature is determined by outdoor measurements or by querying local weather information.
Further, the grading particle size index is equal to the ratio of A to B, A is the mass content percentage of coarse sodium sulfate particles with the particle size d larger than 5mm in the soil sample, B is the mass content percentage of coarse sodium sulfate particles with the particle size d smaller than 5mm in the soil sample, and the grading particle size index in the step S02 is the grading coarse-fine ratio of the coarse sodium sulfate particles.
Still further, the graded particle size index includes five preferred values, with preferred values being 0.25, 0.429, 1, 2.33 and 4, respectively.
Still further, the step S03 calculates the salt expansion coefficient according to the following manner:
wherein: x is the number of1Is the mass content (%) of sodium sulfate, x2The water content (%) is and the salt expansion coefficient is Y.
If the ground temperature value is-10 to-5 ℃, 5 to 0 ℃ and 0 to 5 ℃, the corresponding salt expansion coefficient is determined by adopting an interpolation method according to the temperature range of the ground temperature value.
Further, the geothermal data comprises the most unfavorable temperature condition, the water content data comprises the most unfavorable water content condition, and the salt expansion coefficient is determined according to the following mode under the most unfavorable temperature condition and the most unfavorable water content condition:
wherein: x is the mass content (%) of sodium sulfate, and Y is the salt expansion coefficient.
When the grading particle size index is an optimal value, the mass content of the sodium sulfate is directly substituted into a calculation formula to calculate the salt expansion coefficient.
And further, in order to determine the salt expansion coefficient corresponding to the grading particle size index in a wider range, if the grading particle size index belongs to the range of 0.25-0.429, 0.429-1, 1-2.33 and 2.33-4, the corresponding salt expansion coefficient is determined by adopting an interpolation method according to the index range of the grading particle size index. The general case is determined by means of linear interpolation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the determination method of the salt expansion coefficient of the coarse-particle sodium sulfate saline soil is obtained by performing a quadratic orthogonal regression test on the soil samples with different grading particle size indexes, sodium sulfate contents, ground temperature and water contents, and the predicted value of the salt expansion coefficient of the soil sample is obtained, so that the purposes of providing a simple saline soil salt expansion coefficient determination mode for railway design and reducing the cost are achieved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for calculating a salt expansion coefficient of sodium sulfate saline soil in a sodium sulfate saline soil area according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a level table of design factors of a coarse grain saline soil quadratic orthogonal regression test according to the invention.
FIG. 3 is a salt swelling coefficient diagram of coarse grain saline soil under the conditions of the most unfavorable temperature and the optimal water content.
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the calculated and measured values of the swelling coefficient of coarse grain saline soil in the region from Irandera to Iressham.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the embodiment discloses a method for determining a salt expansion coefficient of coarse sodium sulfate saline soil, which specifically includes the following steps:
s01: collecting particle size distribution data, water content, sodium sulfate mass content and ground temperature data of a soil sample in a coarse particle sodium sulfate saline soil area;
s02: calculating the grading particle size index of the soil sample in the area according to the particle size distribution data in the step S01;
s03: and calculating the salt expansion coefficient of the soil sample according to the grading particle size index of the soil sample in the step S02, the sodium sulfate content data and the water content data in the step S01.
The grading particle size index is equal to the ratio of A to B, wherein A is the mass content percentage of coarse-particle sodium sulfate with the particle size d larger than 5mm in the soil sample, B is the mass content percentage of coarse-particle sodium sulfate with the particle size d smaller than 5mm in the soil sample, and the grading particle size index in the step S02 is the grading coarse-fine ratio of the coarse-particle sodium sulfate.
In the method, four factors, namely grading type, sodium sulfate content, water content and ground temperature, are mainly considered for determining the salt expansion coefficient, wherein the water content is determined by the water content, and the ground temperature is determined by detection. The grading type is expressed by using grading particle size indexes, and all grading types cannot be expressed by using continuous numbers, so that five grading types are given, and calculation formulas are determined according to five working conditions corresponding to the optimized values of the five grading particle size indexes.
The graded particle size index comprises five preferred values, wherein the preferred values are 0.25, 0.429, 1, 2.33 and 4 respectively.
In order to better ensure the accuracy of the discrimination formula, under each grading type, the temperature is taken as a reference, 4 temperature conditions are divided, namely under each grading type, only the change action of the sodium sulfate content and the water content is considered, and 4 salt expansion characteristic discrimination modes under different temperature conditions are provided.
In order to select proper test points in the test range of the factors, an equation with good statistical properties is established by using fewer tests, so that a quadratic orthogonal regression test is adopted, and a simple judgment standard is further provided for the actual engineering.
In step S03, the salt expansion coefficient is calculated according to the following method:
wherein: x is the number of1Is the mass content (%) of sodium sulfate, x2The water content (%) is and the salt expansion coefficient is Y.
If the ground temperature value is-10 to-5 ℃, 5 to 0 ℃ and 0 to 5 ℃, the corresponding salt expansion coefficient is determined by adopting an interpolation method according to the temperature range of the ground temperature value.
The geothermal data comprises the most unfavorable temperature condition, the water content data comprises the most unfavorable water content condition, and the salt expansion coefficient is determined according to the following mode under the most unfavorable temperature condition and the most unfavorable water content condition:
wherein: x is the mass content (%) of sodium sulfate, and Y is the salt expansion coefficient.
When the grading particle size index is an optimal value, the mass content of the sodium sulfate is directly substituted into a calculation formula to calculate the salt expansion coefficient. In order to determine the salt expansion coefficient corresponding to the grading particle size index in a wider range, when the calculated soil sample does not have a corresponding known grading particle size index, the required salt expansion coefficient is calculated by the grading particle size index of the soil sample through an interpolation method. If the grading particle size index belongs to 0.25-0.429, 0.429-1, 1-2.33 and 2.33-4, the corresponding salt expansion coefficient is determined according to the index range of the grading particle size index, and the salt expansion coefficient is determined by adopting a linear interpolation mode in general.
Examples are listed here to illustrate specific applications of the process:
table 1 shows the soil sample data for coarse particle size distribution, temperature-2 ℃, sodium sulfate content 3%, and water content 14%, and the salt expansion coefficient under this condition is now calculated. Because the grading particle size index and the temperature are expressed in a segmented manner, other values need to be interpolated, and the sodium sulfate content and the water content are directly introduced into the calculation of the invention.
TABLE 1 coarse particle size distribution Table
Step one, the graded particle size index is calculated according to the data in table 1:
a is the mass content percentage of coarse particle sodium sulfate with the coarse particle diameter d larger than 5 mm;
b is the mass content percentage of coarse particle sodium sulfate with the particle size d less than 5mm in the soil sample.
Secondly, finding out a corresponding grading type according to the grading particle size index: the grading particle size index is 0.54, and since 0.54 is between 1 and 0.429, the grading type 3 (the grading particle size index is 1) and the grading type 4 (the grading particle size index is 0.429) are selected as boundary grading types, and the salt expansion coefficient is solved and is used as the limiting salt expansion coefficient.
Thirdly, determining a limit salt expansion coefficient: the temperature is between-2 ℃ and-5 ℃. The mode of selection of the salt swell coefficient under this condition to determine the gradation type 3 (gradation particle size index of 1) is:
Y＝-0.0000853+0.00496348x1+0.00007393x2+0.00000387x1x2
-0.0002461x1 2-0.0000023x2 2
Y＝0.00012552+0.0070455x1+0.00009527x2+0.00000129x1x2
-0.0005261x1 2-0.0000029x2 2
the content of Y is 0.132% at 0 deg.C, 0.16% at-5 deg.C, and 0.1432% at-2 deg.C.
The mode of selection of the salt swell coefficient of gradation type 4 (gradation particle size index of 0.429) under this condition was determined as follows:
Y＝0.00028079+0.00582981x1+0.00010979x2-0.0000026x1x2
-0.000044x1 2-0.0000022x2 2
Y＝0.00068862+0.0081181x1+0.00009058x2+0.00000129x1x2
-0.0003585x1 2-0.0000017x2 2
y is 0.196% at 0 deg.C, Y is 0.248% at-5 deg.C, and Y is 0.217% at-2 deg.C
From the above calculation, Y is 0.1432% when the index of the graded particle size is 1, and Y is 0.217% when the index of the graded particle size is 0.429. The grading particle size index of the saline soil is 0.54. If y is ax + b, which is an equation of the salt expansion coefficient y and the grading particle size index x determined by the three points, then:
b is 0.272
I.e., -0.129x +0.272
The obtained y is 0.203% when x is 0.54.
Coarse particles were obtained by interpolation, with a salt expansion coefficient Y of 0.203% at-2 ℃, 3% sodium sulfate, and 14% water content.
The fine particles are uniformly graded, so that the method is the same as the coarse particles only by considering the interpolation of the temperature.
In order to verify the engineering practicability and accuracy of the method, indoor salt expansion coefficient test values of coarse-particle and fine-particle saline soil sampled on site in all Irandera to Isfaham high-speed railway projects are selected for comparative analysis, and the engineering practicability of the method obtained in the research is verified. The samples of the saline soil at the test point positions of DK77+300 and DK78+900 are coarse-particle saline soil, the particle size indexes of the samples are respectively obtained through particle screening tests, DZ-96-03 and DZ-90-00A are fine-particle saline soil, the other indexes can be obtained through early-stage basic soil tests, and the test parameters of the saline soil at the test point positions of DK77+300, DK78+900, DZ-96-03 and DZ-90-00A are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 saline soil test parameters at each point
The salt expansion coefficient is measured based on the working condition that the day-night temperature difference is large in the period of alternation of the deigoferred section along the autumn and winter season, and the lowest temperature of the 11 month end in the local area is selected to be minus 7 ℃ for calculation. The grain size index of the two-point coarse grain salinized soil is between 0.25 and 0.429, the temperature range is between minus 5 ℃ and minus 10 ℃, so that a calculation formula corresponding to the grain size index of 0.25 between minus 5 ℃ and minus 10 ℃ and a calculation formula corresponding to the grain size index of 0.429 between minus 5 ℃ and minus 10 ℃ are respectively selected, calculation is carried out according to a calculation example method, and the grain size index of the fine grain salinized soil is not considered, so that interpolation can be carried out only by considering the temperature, and the method is the same as the coarse grain.
TABLE 3 table for salt expansion coefficient of coarse-grained salinized soil at each point
Therefore, the error of the salt expansion coefficient determined by the method is within 5%, the calculated value is larger than the measured value, the safety coefficient is within the range of 1.04-1.05, and the safety of factory construction is ensured to a certain extent. The result proves that the engineering usability of the salt expansion coefficient of the saline soil obtained by the method is better.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described alternative embodiments, and various other forms of products can be obtained by anyone in light of the present invention. The above detailed description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the claims, and which the description is intended to be interpreted accordingly.
Claims (4)
1. A method for determining the salt expansion coefficient of coarse particle sodium sulfate saline soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s01: collecting particle size distribution data, water content, sodium sulfate mass content and ground temperature data of a soil sample in a coarse particle sodium sulfate saline soil area;
s02: calculating the grading particle size index of the soil sample in the area according to the particle size distribution data in the step S01;
s03: calculating the salt expansion coefficient of the soil sample according to the grading particle size index of the soil sample in the step S02, the sodium sulfate content data and the water content data in the step S01;
the grading particle size index in the step S02 is equal to the ratio of A to B, wherein A is the mass content percentage of coarse-grained soil particles with the particle size d larger than 5mm in the soil sample, and B is the mass content percentage of coarse-grained soil particles with the particle size d smaller than 5mm in the soil sample;
the grading particle size index comprises five preferred values, wherein the preferred values are 0.25, 0.429, 1, 2.33 and 4 respectively;
the step S03 calculates the salt expansion coefficient according to the following manner:
wherein: x is the number of1Is the mass content (%) of sodium sulfate, x2The water content (%) is and the salt expansion coefficient is Y.
2. The method for determining the salt swell coefficient of the coarse particle sodium sulfate saline soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: if the ground temperature value is-10 to-5 ℃, 5 to 0 ℃ and 0 to 5 ℃, the corresponding salt expansion coefficient is determined by adopting an interpolation method according to the temperature range of the ground temperature value.
3. The method for determining the salt swell coefficient of the coarse particle sodium sulfate saline soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the geothermal data comprises the most unfavorable temperature condition, the water content data comprises the most unfavorable water content condition, and the salt expansion coefficient is determined according to the following mode under the most unfavorable temperature condition and the most unfavorable water content condition:
wherein: x is the mass content (%) of sodium sulfate, and Y is the salt expansion coefficient.
4. The method for determining the salt swell coefficient of the coarse particle sodium sulfate saline soil as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: if the grading particle size index belongs to 0.25-0.429, 0.429-1, 1-2.33 and 2.33-4, the corresponding salt expansion coefficient is determined by adopting an interpolation method according to the index range of the grading particle size index.
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