CN108693032B - Plate compression performance test sample, device and method - Google Patents
Plate compression performance test sample, device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108693032B CN108693032B CN201810371310.2A CN201810371310A CN108693032B CN 108693032 B CN108693032 B CN 108693032B CN 201810371310 A CN201810371310 A CN 201810371310A CN 108693032 B CN108693032 B CN 108693032B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
Abstract
The invention discloses a plate compression performance test sample, a clamp and a method, wherein the sample is provided with two first bearing pin holes and two second bearing pin holes, the middle part of the sample is provided with two L-shaped grooves, and the internal connecting sections of the two L-shaped grooves are arranged as sample gauge length sections; the clamp comprises a front clamp plate and a rear clamp plate, the front clamp plate comprises an upper front clamp plate and a lower front clamp plate, and the rear clamp plate comprises an upper rear clamp plate and a lower rear clamp plate; during the test, at first through the cutting of panel compression sample and the processing of sample, compress tightly the sample after handling in the U type groove of back splint through preceding splint, on being connected to electron universal tester again, the pressure head downward displacement of testing machine reaches the experimental termination of 2mm, accomplishes the compression performance test. The invention has the advantages of ingenious conception, strong consistency of the sample and the clamp, rotationally symmetrical structural design, convenient and quick processing and manufacturing, suitability for the test method for testing the compression performance of the thin-wall plate at different temperatures, capability of realizing larger deformation and stable and uniform deformation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material mechanical property testing equipment, in particular to a sheet material compression property testing sample, device and method.
Background
The development of equipment in high-end fields such as aviation and aerospace is urgently required to develop key parts with high performance, light weight and high efficiency and an accurate forming technology thereof. The thin-wall plate is used as a large-scale and wide-range structural and functional component, and can simultaneously meet the requirements of high performance, light weight, high toughness and low energy consumption of products in the current high-end equipment manufacturing industry from two aspects of materials and structures, so that the thin-wall plate is widely applied to great strategic industries of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, energy sources and the like. However, such materials often undergo complex forming processes such as extrusion, rolling, bending, deep drawing, and the like. During these forming processes, thin-walled sheet materials often need to withstand complex global or local tensile and compressive stresses that greatly affect material forming performance and part forming quality. Therefore, the tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the sheet material must be accurately measured to achieve accurate prediction and accurate control of the plastic deformation behavior of the material.
At present, national standards and related documents provide corresponding test methods for the tensile and compressive properties of the plate. For the measurement of mechanical properties under a tensile stress state, the national standard GB/T228.1-2010 is specified in detail. For the measurement of the mechanical property of the material under the state of compressive stress, the national standard GB/T7314-. The method is characterized in that a rectangular plate sample compression test is used for a plate with the thickness of 2-10 mm, a plate sample compression test with lugs is used for a thin-wall plate with the thickness of 0.1-2 mm, the samples need to be clamped in a restraining device for testing, large friction force is generated, the accuracy of a test result is difficult to guarantee, and meanwhile the high-temperature compression performance of the plate cannot be measured. The document (F.Yoshida, T.Uemori, K.Fujiwara.elastic-plastic sandwich of steel sheet under-sheet cyclic tension. int.J.of Plastic 2002,18: 633-659) proposes a compression method for obtaining the compression performance of a thin plate by using a stacked sample, wherein the compression instability of the thin plate can be effectively solved, but the stacked plates are bonded by using an acrylic adhesive, gaps exist among samples during bonding, the bonding is not suitable, the stacked plates are separated, the continuous test is influenced, and the use range of the stacked plates is greatly limited. The test device invented by the patent test device for measuring the true stress-strain curve of the sheet material in the one-way compression state (patent publication No. CN 102539253B) has complex tooling die and high cost, and large friction force exists between the sample and the die, and the method can not meet the test of high-temperature compression performance, and the accuracy of the test result is difficult to guarantee. Therefore, the plate compression test method cannot accurately determine the compression performance of the thin-wall plate at different temperatures. Based on the above problems, in order to accurately obtain the mechanical properties of the thin-wall plate in a compressive stress state, it is urgently needed to design a test method for the compressive properties of the thin-wall plate at different temperatures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a clamp and a method for testing the compression performance of a thin-wall plate, which are suitable for testing the compression performance of the thin-wall plate at different temperatures, can realize larger deformation, and solve the problems of instability and inaccuracy of test results of the thin-wall plate in the compression process in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a test sample for testing the compression performance of a plate, which is specifically designed into a rectangular plate, wherein two first bearing pin holes are symmetrically arranged on the central line of the rectangular plate along the length direction, two second bearing pin holes are symmetrically arranged on the central axis of the middle part of the rectangular plate, two L-shaped grooves are symmetrically and rotationally arranged in the middle part of the rectangular plate, and the internal connecting section of the two L-shaped grooves is a sample gauge length section.
A clamp for a plate compression performance test sample comprises a front clamp plate and a rear clamp plate, wherein the front clamp plate comprises an upper front clamp plate and a lower front clamp plate which are identical in structure, the upper front clamp plate is superposed with the lower front clamp plate after rotating for 180 degrees, the rear clamp plate comprises an upper rear clamp plate and a lower rear clamp plate which are identical in structure, and the upper rear clamp plate is superposed with the lower rear clamp plate after rotating for 180 degrees; the front clamping plate compresses and fixes the sample in the U-shaped groove of the rear clamping plate.
Furthermore, go up the front splint and specifically design for the sword-shaped plate, go up front splint's broadside one side and be provided with a preceding first pinhole along length direction's central axis, and narrow limit one side is provided with preceding second pinhole, and the narrow limit of going up front splint is provided with first cooperation groove with the broadside junction.
And in a further improvement, the upper front splint and the lower front splint are spliced to form the front splint, the front first pin holes are in one-to-one correspondence with the first bearing pin holes, the front second pin holes are in one-to-one correspondence with the second bearing pin holes, and the central square through hole of the front splint is positioned right above the sample gauge length section.
Still further, go up the back splint and specifically design for taking the sword-shaped plate of baffle, go up the first pinhole in back that is provided with on the central axis of length direction along broadside one side of back splint, narrow limit one side is provided with back second pinhole, goes up the narrow limit of back splint and is provided with second cooperation groove with the broadside junction.
Furthermore, the upper rear clamp plate and the lower rear clamp plate are spliced to form a rear clamp plate, the rear first pin holes correspond to the first bearing pin holes one to one, the rear second pin holes correspond to the second bearing pin holes one to one, and the central square through hole of the rear clamp plate is located under the sample gauge length section.
A method for testing the compression performance of a plate utilizes the plate compression performance testing clamp to test a sample, and comprises the following specific operation steps:
step one, cutting a plate compression sample: cutting a compressed sample on a plate to be detected by adopting a linear cutting method, wherein the shape of the cut sample refers to the sample;
step two, sample treatment: firstly, spraying a layer of high-temperature resistant matt white paint on a sample gauge length section in the center of the sample, and spraying a layer of matt black paint after the white paint is dried;
step three, clamping a sample: firstly, a processed sample is tightly pressed and fixed in a U-shaped groove formed by a baffle plate on a rear clamping plate by a front clamping plate, then the sample and a clamp are assembled together after a stud penetrates through a front second pin hole, a second force bearing pin hole and a rear second pin hole in sequence, and then the sample and the clamp are assembled on an electronic universal testing machine after a pin penetrates through a front first pin hole, a first force bearing pin hole and a rear first pin hole in sequence;
step four, compression performance testing: testing on an electronic universal testing machine, adopting a uniaxial tensile test program, setting the pressure head speed of the testing machine to be 0.18mm/min, and stopping the test when the displacement reaches 2 mm; and simultaneously, measuring a strain field of a gauge length section of the sample by using a digital strain speckle measuring instrument, combining a time load curve measured by the testing machine with a time strain curve obtained by the digital strain speckle measuring instrument, and processing to obtain a plate compression stress-strain relation graph.
Further, in the implementation of the first step, no obvious gap can be formed on the cut sample, and the surface roughness of the middle part of the sample reaches Ra1.6.
And further, in the implementation of the second step, the sample scale distance section is subjected to paint spraying treatment according to the measurement requirement of the digital strain speckle measuring instrument, and the black paint spots are required to be uniform.
Still further, in step three, the black paint spot on the sample cannot be destroyed during the assembly process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the invention relates to a plate compression performance test sample, a device and a method, wherein the sample and a clamp are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, during an experiment, the processed sample is fixed in a U-shaped groove of a rear clamp plate through a front clamp plate in a pressing manner, then the processed sample is fixed on an electronic universal testing machine through a pin for an experiment, a uniaxial tensile test procedure is adopted, the pressure head speed of the testing machine is set to be 0.18mm/min, and the displacement reaches 2mm, so that the experiment is terminated; and simultaneously, measuring the strain field of the gauge length section of the sample by using a digital strain speckle measuring instrument, and combining the measured time load curve with the time strain curve obtained by the digital strain speckle measuring instrument to obtain a plate compression stress-strain relation graph. The tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the plate can be accurately measured through the plate compressive stress-strain relation diagram so as to realize accurate prediction and accurate control of the plastic deformation behavior of the material. The invention has the advantages of ingenious conception, strong consistency of the sample and the clamp, rotationally symmetrical structural design and convenient and quick processing and manufacturing, is suitable for the test method for testing the compression performance of the thin-wall plate at different temperatures, can realize larger deformation, has stable and uniform deformation, can accurately obtain the compression performance of the thin-wall plate, and eliminates the problem of instability of the thin-wall plate in the compression process.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated in the following description with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a clamp for testing the compression performance of a plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a sample according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a front splint according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the rear clamping plate of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the rear cleat of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the compressive stress-strain relationship of a sample according to the present invention;
description of reference numerals: 1. a sample; 101. a first force bearing pin hole; 102. a second force bearing pin hole; 103. an L-shaped slot; 104. a sample gauge length section; 2. a front splint; 201. a front first pin hole; 202. a front second pin hole; 203. a first mating groove; 3. a rear splint; 301. a rear first pin hole; 302. a rear second pin hole; 303. a second mating groove; 304. and a baffle plate.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a test sample for testing the compression performance of a plate, wherein the test sample 1 is specifically designed to be a rectangular plate, two first force bearing pin holes 101 are symmetrically arranged on the central line of the rectangular plate along the length direction, two second force bearing pin holes 102 are symmetrically arranged on the central axis of the middle of the rectangular plate, two L-shaped grooves 103 are symmetrically arranged on the middle of the rectangular plate, and the internal connection section of each L-shaped groove 103 is a sample gauge length section 104.
As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus for testing the compression property of a sheet material comprises a jig and a sample 1, wherein the sample 1 is the above sample. The clamp comprises a front clamp plate 2 and a rear clamp plate 3, the front clamp plate 2 comprises an upper front clamp plate and a lower front clamp plate which are identical in structure, the upper front clamp plate is superposed with the lower front clamp plate after rotating for 180 degrees, the rear clamp plate 3 comprises an upper rear clamp plate and a lower rear clamp plate which are identical in structure, and the upper rear clamp plate is superposed with the lower rear clamp plate after rotating for 180 degrees; the front clamping plate 2 compresses and fixes the sample 1 in the U-shaped groove of the rear clamping plate 3.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the upper front splint is designed to be a knife-shaped plate, a front first pin hole 201 is formed on a central axis of a wide side of the upper front splint along a length direction, a front second pin hole 202 is formed on a narrow side of the upper front splint, and a first engaging groove 203 is formed at a connection portion between the narrow side and the wide side of the upper front splint. The upper front splint and the lower front splint are spliced to form a front splint 2, the front first pin holes 201 correspond to the first bearing pin holes 101 one by one, the front second pin holes 202 correspond to the second bearing pin holes 102 one by one, and the central square through hole of the front splint 2 is located right above the sample gauge length section 104.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the upper back splint is specifically designed as a knife-shaped plate with a baffle 304, a first back pin hole 301 is arranged on the central axis of the upper back splint along the length direction on the wide side, a second back pin hole 302 is arranged on the narrow side, and a second matching groove 303 is arranged at the connection position of the narrow side and the wide side of the upper back splint. The upper rear clamp plate and the lower rear clamp plate are spliced to form a rear clamp plate 3, the rear first pin holes 301 correspond to the first force bearing pin holes 101 in a one-to-one mode, the rear second pin holes 302 correspond to the second force bearing pin holes 102 in a one-to-one mode, and the central square through hole of the rear clamp plate 3 is located under the sample gauge length section 104.
In conclusion, the structural consistency of the sample and the clamp is strong, the clamp is designed in a rotational symmetric structure, and the processing and manufacturing are convenient and fast, specifically, the length of the upper front clamping plate in the embodiment is 118mm, the width is 60mm, and the thickness is 4 mm; the length of the upper back splint is the same as that of the upper front splint, 118mm and 70mm, the width of the baffle plate 304 is 5mm, the thickness of the baffle plate 304 is 9mm, and the thickness of the middle position is 4 mm; the length of the sample is 180mm, the width is 60mm, and the thickness is the same as the thickness of the steel plate to be measured. Specifically, the sizes of the positions of the first bearing pin hole 101 and the second bearing pin hole 102 from the reference edge are all set to be integers, the sizes of the positions of the pin holes on the front clamp plate and the rear clamp plate, which are in one-to-one correspondence with the bearing holes on the test sample, from the reference edge are also all set to be integers, and therefore the processing and manufacturing are convenient, and the processing quality is guaranteed.
A method for testing the compression performance of a plate utilizes the device for testing the compression performance of the plate to carry out the test, and comprises the following specific operation steps:
step one, cutting a plate compression sample: the method comprises the steps of cutting a compression sample on a plate to be detected by adopting a linear cutting method, wherein the cut sample 1 is specifically designed into a rectangular plate, two first bearing pin holes 101 are symmetrically arranged on the central line of the rectangular plate along the length direction, two second bearing pin holes 102 are symmetrically arranged on the central axis of the middle part of the rectangular plate, two L-shaped grooves 103 are symmetrically arranged in the middle part of the rectangular plate, and the internal connecting section of the two L-shaped grooves 103 is set as a sample gauge length section 104.
Step two, sample treatment: firstly, spraying a layer of high-temperature resistant matt white paint on a sample gauge length section 104 in the center of the sample 1, and spraying a layer of matt black paint after the white paint is dried;
step three, clamping a sample: firstly, the front clamp plate 2 compresses and fixes the processed sample 1 in a U-shaped groove formed by a baffle plate 304 on the rear clamp plate 3, then studs sequentially penetrate through a front second pin hole 202, a second force bearing pin hole 102 and a rear second pin hole 302 to assemble the sample and the clamp together, and then pins sequentially penetrate through a front first pin hole 201, a first force bearing pin hole 101 and a rear first pin hole 301 to assemble the sample and the clamp on an electronic universal testing machine;
step four, compression performance testing: testing on an electronic universal testing machine, adopting a uniaxial tensile test program, setting the pressure head speed of the testing machine to be 0.18mm/min, and stopping the test when the displacement reaches 2 mm; meanwhile, a digital strain speckle measuring instrument is adopted to measure the strain field of the sample gauge length section 104, and a time load curve measured by the testing machine is combined with a time strain curve obtained by the digital strain speckle measuring instrument to process to obtain a plate compression stress-strain relation graph shown in fig. 6.
Specifically, in the first step, no obvious notch can be formed on the cut sample 1, and the surface roughness of the middle part of the sample 1 reaches Ra1.6. In the second step, the sample scale distance section 104 is painted according to the measurement requirement of the digital strain speckle measuring instrument, and the black paint spots are required to be uniform. In the third step, the black paint spots on the test specimen cannot be destroyed during the assembly process.
The method for testing the compression performance of the sheet material is suitable for testing the compression performance of the thin-wall sheet material at different temperatures, can realize larger deformation, has stable and uniform deformation, can accurately obtain the compression performance of the thin-wall sheet material, and solves the problem of instability of the thin-wall sheet material in the compression process.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a panel compression property test sample which characterized in that: the sample (1) is specifically designed into a rectangular plate, two first bearing pin holes (101) are symmetrically arranged on the rectangular plate along the central line of the length direction, two second bearing pin holes (102) are symmetrically arranged on the central axis of the middle of the rectangular plate, two L-shaped grooves (103) are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the rectangular plate, and the internal connecting section of each L-shaped groove (103) is set as a sample gauge length section (104).
2. The utility model provides a panel compression capability test device for sample which characterized in that: comprises a clamp and a sample (1); the clamp comprises a front clamp plate (2) and a rear clamp plate (3), the front clamp plate (2) comprises an upper front clamp plate and a lower front clamp plate which are identical in structure, the upper front clamp plate is superposed with the lower front clamp plate after rotating for 180 degrees, the rear clamp plate (3) comprises an upper rear clamp plate and a lower rear clamp plate which are identical in structure, and the upper rear clamp plate is superposed with the lower rear clamp plate after rotating for 180 degrees; the front clamping plate (2) tightly presses and fixes the sample (1) in the U-shaped groove of the rear clamping plate (3); the sample (1) is specifically designed into a rectangular plate, two first bearing pin holes (101) are symmetrically arranged on the rectangular plate along the central line of the length direction, two second bearing pin holes (102) are symmetrically arranged on the central axis of the middle of the rectangular plate, two L-shaped grooves (103) are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the rectangular plate, and the internal connecting section of each L-shaped groove (103) is set as a sample gauge length section (104).
3. The apparatus for testing the sheet compression property according to claim 2, wherein: go up the front splint and specifically design for the sword-shaped plate, go up front splint's broadside one side and be provided with first pinhole (201) in front along length direction's central axis, second pinhole (202) before narrow limit one side is provided with, the narrow limit of going up front splint is provided with first cooperation groove (203) with broadside junction.
4. The apparatus for testing the sheet compression property according to claim 3, wherein: go up the front splint and piece together with lower front splint and form front splint (2), preceding first pinhole (201) with first load pinhole (101) one-to-one, preceding second pinhole (202) with second load pinhole (102) one-to-one, the central square through hole of front splint (2) is located directly over sample scale distance section (104).
5. The apparatus for testing the sheet compression property according to claim 2, wherein: the upper rear clamping plate is specifically designed into a knife-shaped plate with a baffle (304), a rear first pin hole (301) is formed in one side of the wide edge of the upper rear clamping plate along the central axis of the length direction, a rear second pin hole (302) is formed in one side of the narrow edge, and a second matching groove (303) is formed in the joint of the narrow edge and the wide edge of the upper rear clamping plate.
6. The apparatus for testing the sheet compression property according to claim 5, wherein: go up the back splint and form back splint (3) with lower back splint are pieced together, first pinhole (301) of back with first load pinhole (101) one-to-one, back second pinhole (302) with second load pinhole (102) one-to-one, the central square through hole of back splint (3) is located under sample scale distance section (104).
7. A method for testing the compression performance of a plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the device for testing the plate compression performance test samples according to the claims 2-6 comprises the following specific operation steps:
step one, cutting a plate compression sample: cutting a compressed sample on a plate to be tested by adopting a linear cutting method, wherein the shape of the cut sample is the sample (1) in claim 1;
step two, sample treatment: firstly, spraying a layer of high-temperature resistant matt white paint on a sample gauge length section (104) at the center of the sample (1), and spraying a layer of matt black paint after the white paint is dried;
step three, clamping a sample: firstly, a processed sample (1) is tightly pressed and fixed in a U-shaped groove formed by a baffle (304) on a rear clamp plate (3) by a front clamp plate (2), then a stud is adopted to sequentially penetrate through a front second pin hole (202), a second force bearing pin hole (102) and a rear second pin hole (302) to assemble the sample and a clamp together, and then a pin sequentially penetrates through a front first pin hole (201), a first force bearing pin hole (101) and a rear first pin hole (301) to assemble the sample and the clamp on an electronic universal testing machine;
step four, compression performance testing: testing on an electronic universal testing machine, adopting a uniaxial tensile test program, setting the pressure head speed of the testing machine to be 0.18mm/min, and stopping the test when the displacement reaches 2 mm; and meanwhile, a digital strain speckle measuring instrument is adopted to measure a strain field of the gauge length section (104) of the sample, a time load curve measured by the testing machine is combined with a time strain curve obtained by the digital strain speckle measuring instrument, and a plate compression stress-strain relation graph is obtained through processing.
8. The method for testing the compression performance of the plate according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the implementation of the first step, no obvious gap can be formed on the cut sample (1), and the surface roughness of the middle part of the sample (1) reaches Ra1.6.
9. The method for testing the compression performance of the plate according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the sample gauge length section (104) is painted according to the measurement requirement of the digital strain speckle measuring instrument, and the black paint spots are required to be uniform.
10. The method for testing the compression performance of the plate according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the black paint spots on the test specimen cannot be destroyed during the assembly process.
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| CN109708969B (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2020-05-01 | 西北工业大学 | Method for determining anisotropy and tension-compression asymmetry characteristics of metal material |
| CN110333137A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-10-15 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of thin-walled plate tube material compression performance test sample, fixture and method |
| CN111665127B (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-05-18 | 北京科技大学 | Clamp for plate compression-shear fracture analysis sample, method thereof and sample |
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