CN108692918B - Device and method for evaluating time domain stability of high-power fiber laser system - Google Patents
Device and method for evaluating time domain stability of high-power fiber laser system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for evaluating the time domain stability of a high-power fiber laser system, which comprises a to-be-detected high-power fiber laser system, a wavelength tunable ultralow noise fiber laser, a wavelength division multiplexer, an energy-transmitting fiber, a collimator, a band-pass filter, a power meter and a waste light collector; by analysis of the centre wavelength lambda 2 The Raman amplification laser conversion efficiency and the central wavelength of the output of the high-power fiber laser system to be detected are lambda 1 The time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be measured can be evaluated by measuring the output power of the Raman amplified signal light, further calculating the Raman conversion efficiency and comparing the Raman amplified light power and the conversion efficiency calculated under the ideal condition without time domain fluctuation. The method is based on a pure optical detection method to evaluate the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system, and can avoid the problems of limited bandwidth, high system cost and the like in the traditional photoelectric detection method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of strong lasers, and particularly relates to a device and a method for evaluating the time domain stability of a high-power fiber laser system based on a pure optical detection method.
Background
The time domain stability research of the high-power fiber laser system has important scientific significance and engineering value for the fields of fiber sensing, fiber communication, gravitational wave detection, nonlinear fiber optics, high-power fiber laser systems and the like.
Specifically, in the fields of optical fiber sensing, optical fiber communication, gravitational wave detection and the like, the accuracy and sensitivity of sensing, communication and detection are directly determined by the time domain stability of the optical fiber laser system. In the nonlinear fiber optic application field, the time domain stability of the fiber laser system directly determines the nonlinear effect dynamics characteristics of the system such as stimulated Brillouin scattering, stimulated Raman scattering, self-phase modulation and the like. In the field of high-power fiber laser, the time domain stability directly determines nonlinear effect threshold characteristics such as amplified spontaneous emission, stimulated Brillouin scattering, thermally induced mode instability, stimulated Raman scattering and the like of a fiber amplification system. The nonlinear threshold characteristics described above directly determine the power boost potential of a fiber laser system.
The traditional method directly detects and evaluates the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system through a photoelectric detection means. The method can intuitively reflect the distribution characteristics of the output laser on different time scales, and further analyze the time domain stability of the laser through the time distribution characteristics. However, this approach relies heavily on the response bandwidth of the detection device and the photo signal processor (e.g., oscilloscope). With the further development of the time domain stability exploration scale of the laser system to the microminiaturization, the bandwidth of the photoelectric detection and processing module can severely restrict the evaluation of seed time domain stability. In addition, the high-bandwidth photoelectric detection processing module has the defect of high cost. Compared with the traditional photoelectric detection, the pure optical detection diagnosis has the special advantages of high response bandwidth, high response speed and the like.
Therefore, the device for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system by using the pure optical detection method has important scientific significance and urgent practical need.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for evaluating the time domain stability of a high-power fiber laser system, and the provided device is a device for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system based on a pure optical detection method, so that the problems of limited bandwidth, high system cost and the like existing in the traditional photoelectric detection method can be avoided.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the device for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system comprises a high-power fiber laser system to be tested, a wavelength tunable ultralow noise fiber laser, a wavelength division multiplexer, an energy transmission fiber, a collimator, a band-pass filter, a power meter and a waste light collector;
the output laser center wavelength of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is lambda 1 The wavelength-tunable ultralow noise fiber laser has an output laser center wavelength of lambda 2 The Raman Stokes shift amount corresponding to the matrix material of the energy-transmitting optical fiber is delta lambda R Wherein the wavelength tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser outputs a laser center wavelength lambda 2 ＝λ 1 +Δλ R ；
The laser output by the high-power fiber laser system to be tested and the wavelength-tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser is synthesized into a beam of laser output through a wavelength division multiplexer, the laser beam after the beam synthesis is injected into an energy-transmitting fiber, the laser beam output through the energy-transmitting fiber is collimated and output through a collimator, and the laser beam output from the collimator passes throughThe band-pass filter is divided into two beams with center wavelength lambda 2 And a residual center wavelength of lambda 1 Wherein the center wavelength is lambda 2 Is injected into a power meter, and the residual center wavelength is lambda 1 Is injected into the waste collector.
In the device for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system, the laser output by the high-power fiber laser system to be tested serves as pump laser, the laser output by the tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser serves as signal laser, and the energy-transmitting fiber provides Raman gain, so that a forward pumping Raman fiber laser amplifying structure is formed.
The basic principle of the invention for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system by using the pure optical detection method is as follows: by analysis of the centre wavelength lambda 2 The Raman amplification laser conversion efficiency and the center wavelength are lambda 1 The time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be measured can be evaluated by measuring the output power of the Raman amplified laser, further calculating the Raman light conversion efficiency, and comparing the Raman amplified laser power and the Raman light conversion efficiency calculated under the ideal condition without time domain fluctuation.
Specifically, based on the above device for evaluating the time domain stability of a high-power fiber laser system, the invention provides a method for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Measuring power and center wavelength lambda of output laser of fiber laser system with high power to be detected 1 。
(2) Determining the raman stokes shift delta lambda corresponding to the matrix material of the energy-transmitting optical fiber and the energy-transmitting optical fiber used in the device for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system R 。
(3) Determining the center wavelength lambda of the output laser of a wavelength tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser 2 ，λ 2 ＝λ 1 +Δλ R 。
(4) The output power of the laser output by the wavelength-tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser is measured.
(5) Determining the core size and length of the energy-transmitting optical fiber; and calculating the Raman amplification laser power and the Raman light conversion efficiency under the ideal condition without time domain fluctuation.
The method for determining the size and length of the fiber core of the energy-transfer optical fiber and the process for calculating the Raman amplification laser power and the Raman light conversion efficiency without time domain fluctuation under ideal conditions are as follows:
the raman amplification process including the time domain characteristics of the pump laser in the forward pumping raman fiber laser amplification structure is described by a forward coupling amplitude equation, as follows:
wherein: e (E) p And E is s Optical fields, v, representing pump laser and signal laser, respectively gp And v gs Group velocity, beta, respectively representing pump laser and signal laser 2p And beta 2s Group velocity dispersion coefficient, alpha, representing pump laser and signal laser, respectively p And alpha s Respectively representing the loss coefficients delta of the pump laser and the signal laser R For Raman induced refractive index changes, f R To delay the fractional contribution of raman response to nonlinear plans, g p And g s Respectively representing Raman gain coefficients of the pump laser and the signal laser; gamma ray p And gamma s The kerr coefficients, representing the pump laser and the signal laser, respectively, are expressed as:
wherein n is 2 Is of non-linear refractive index, A eff Is the effective mode field area of the energy-transmitting optical fiber. A is that eff The dependence on the core radius (a) of the energy-transmitting fiber is expressed as:
A eff ＝Γπa 2 (3)
wherein Γ is a relative proportionality coefficient, and generally takes a value between 0.8 and 1.
Optical field E of pump laser and signal laser p And E is s The following conditions are satisfied between the pump laser power and the signal laser power:
wherein: z is a distance parameter along the length of the energy-transmitting fiber, z is [0, L]When z=0, the input end of the energy transmission fiber is represented, and when z=l, the output end of the energy transmission fiber is represented. d, d σ For effective mode field area A along the energy-transfer optical fiber eff See equation (3) which is directly related to the core radius (a) of the energy-conducting fiber.
Let the power of the injected signal laser (i.e. the laser output by the tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser) be P s (0) The power of the injected pumping laser (namely the laser output by the high-power fiber laser system to be tested) is P p (0) The distribution P of Raman amplified laser power along the longitudinal direction of the energy-transmitting optical fiber can be calculated by using the formulas (1) - (4) when the optical fiber laser system with the power to be measured has no time domain fluctuation under the ideal condition s (z). By combining formulas (1) - (4), the fiber core radius a and the fiber length of the energy-transmitting fiber are selected, so that the pump laser output by the high-power fiber laser system to be tested and the signal laser output by the wavelength-tunable ultralow-noise fiber laser can be effectively amplified and converted in the energy-transmitting fiber.
Let z=l, P, assuming the fiber length of the energy-transmitting fiber is L s (L) is that the center wavelength is lambda after Raman amplification 2 Is provided. Therefore, the Raman conversion efficiency eta of the high-power fiber laser system to be measured in ideal condition without time domain fluctuation s1 Can be expressed as:
(6) By passing throughDevice for evaluating time domain stability of high-power fiber laser system, and measuring by using power meter to obtain central wavelength lambda under actual condition 2 The output power P of the Raman amplified laser se (L) and then calculating to obtain the actual Raman light conversion efficiency (eta s2 )；η s2 The specific calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
(7) The center wavelength obtained by actual measurement in the step (6) is lambda 2 Raman amplified laser power P of (2) se (L) and the Raman amplification laser power P under ideal condition without time domain fluctuation calculated in the step (5) s (L) performing a ratio operation, setting the ratio as R 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The actual Raman light conversion efficiency eta is calculated in the step (6) s2 And (5) the Raman light conversion efficiency eta under ideal condition without time domain fluctuation calculated in the step s1 Calculating the ratio, setting the ratio as R 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the By R 1 Or R is 2 And directly evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested.
The invention can use R 1 Directly evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested, R can also be used 2 And directly evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested. Specifically, the ratio R 1 The larger the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is, the worse the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is; likewise, the ratio R 2 The larger the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be measured is, the worse the time domain stability is.
The type of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is not limited, the output laser center wavelength is not limited, and the high-power fiber laser system can be a ytterbium-doped high-power fiber laser system with the output wavelength covering ytterbium ion emission spectrum band (1 um band), an erbium-doped high-power fiber laser system with the output wavelength covering erbium ion emission spectrum band (1.55 um band), a thulium/holmium-doped high-power fiber laser system with the output wavelength covering thulium/holmium ion emission spectrum band (2 um band) or a high-power fiber laser system with the output wavelength covering other special doped ion emission spectrum bands; the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is not limited in implementation mode, and can be a direct high-power oscillator, a high-power super-fluorescent light source, a high-power random fiber laser system or a high-power fiber laser system based on a main oscillation power amplification structure; the line width of the fiber laser system to be detected is not limited, and the fiber laser system can be a single-frequency, narrow-line width or general wide-spectrum high-power fiber laser system.
The wavelength tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser described in the present invention is typically a single frequency fiber laser or a narrow linewidth fiber laser produced by applying phase modulation to a single frequency fiber laser. The single-frequency optical fiber laser can be realized by a distributed feedback laser, a distributed Bragg reflection laser, a non-planar ring oscillator and a single-frequency ring optical fiber laser, or can be a laser source of a single-frequency semiconductor laser which is output through optical fiber coupling. The wavelength tuning range of the wavelength tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser is determined by the emission wavelength of the high power fiber laser system to be tested. If the central wavelength of the laser output by the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is lambda 1 The corresponding Raman Stokes frequency shift of the energy-transmitting optical fiber is delta lambda R Lambda is then 2 ＝λ 1 +Δλ R The output wavelength range of the tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser is within.
The implementation mode of the wavelength division multiplexer is not limited, and the wavelength division multiplexer can be a diaphragm film-coated wavelength division multiplexer, a fused tapering wavelength division multiplexer, a prism dispersion related wavelength division multiplexer and the like which are coupled by optical fibers. The wavelength division multiplexer is used for outputting the central wavelength lambda of the output of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested 1 The center wavelength of the laser and the wavelength tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser output is lambda 2 Is synthesized into a beam of laser output.
The energy-transfer optical fiber matrix material is not limited in constitution and can be quartz, phosphate, silicate, sulfide and the like; the size and length of the energy-transfer optical fiber core are not limited, and the size of the injection power of the ultra-low noise optical fiber laser with tunable wavelength and the output power of the high-power optical fiber laser system to be tested is determined according to the formulas (1) to (4). The combination of the size and the length of the fiber core of the energy-transfer optical fiber can meet the requirement of effective nonlinear Raman conversion.
The collimator realizes the collimation emission of output laser, which can be realized by one or a plurality of lens combinations; the lens has various material choices, such as fused quartz, znSe, caF 2 Etc.
The band-pass filter of the invention amplifies Raman with the center wavelength lambda 1 Is lambda 2 Is spatially divided into two beams, which is typically realized by a multilayer coated filter structure.
The power meter is used for receiving the Raman amplified central wavelength lambda 1 And the output power thereof is measured and displayed.
The waste light collector is used for receiving the residual wavelength lambda after Raman amplification 2 And may be a power meter, a conical waste light collector, or the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can produce the following technical effects:
1. the invention provides a device for evaluating the time domain stability of a high-power fiber laser system based on a pure optical detection method. The laser output by the high-power fiber laser system to be measured in the device is used as pump laser, the laser output by the tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser is used as signal light seed laser, the energy-transmitting fiber provides Raman gain, the output power of the Raman amplified signal light is simply measured through the dependence relationship between the forward Raman amplified signal light output power and conversion efficiency and the time domain stability of the pump light, the conversion efficiency of the Raman amplified signal light is further calculated, and the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be measured can be evaluated by comparing the output power and the conversion efficiency of the Raman amplified signal light under the ideal condition without time domain fluctuation. Compared with the traditional photoelectric detection method, the device avoids the defect of limited bandwidth of the photoelectric detection and processing module, has the special advantages of high response bandwidth, high response speed and the like, and can be used for evaluating the time domain stability characteristics of different time scales such as nanoseconds and below, microseconds, milliseconds and the like;
2. the device for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system based on the pure optical detection method provided by the invention has universality: setting the central wavelength lambda of the laser output by the high-power fiber laser system to be tested 1 If the matrix material of the energy-transfer optical fiber is determined (namely, the Raman gain medium is determined, the Raman Stokes frequency shift delta lambda is determined R Determined) by adjusting the center wavelength lambda of the output laser of the tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser 2 So that it meets lambda 2 ＝λ 1 +Δλ R The device can realize the evaluation of the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system with any wavelength; the device can be used for evaluating the time domain stability of a high-power fiber laser system with any power level by reasonably designing the power of the injected signal light seeds and the core-cladding ratio, the length and the matrix type of the energy-transfer fiber for providing Raman gain.
3. In the device for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system based on the pure optical detection method, the type of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is not limited, the output laser center wavelength is not limited, and the device can be an ytterbium-doped high-power fiber laser system with the output wavelength covering ytterbium ion emission spectrum band (1 um band), an erbium-doped high-power fiber laser system with the output wavelength covering erbium ion emission spectrum band (1.55 um band), a thulium/holmium-doped high-power fiber laser system with the output wavelength covering thulium/holmium ion emission spectrum band (2 um band) and a high-power fiber laser system with the output wavelength covering other special doped ion emission spectrum bands; the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is not limited in implementation mode, and can be a direct high-power oscillator, a high-power super-fluorescent light source, a high-power random fiber laser system or a high-power fiber laser system based on a main oscillation power amplification structure; the line width of the fiber laser system to be detected is not limited, and the fiber laser system can be a single-frequency, narrow-line width or general wide-spectrum high-power fiber laser system.
4. In the device for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power optical fiber laser system based on the pure optical detection method, the wavelength-tunable ultra-low noise optical fiber laser is generally a single-frequency optical fiber laser or a narrow linewidth optical fiber laser generated by applying phase modulation to the single-frequency optical fiber laser. The single-frequency optical fiber laser is not limited in implementation mode, and can be a distributed feedback laser, a distributed Bragg reflection laser, a non-planar ring oscillator and a single-frequency ring optical fiber laser, or can be a laser light source of a single-frequency semiconductor laser which is output through optical fiber coupling;
5. in the device for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system based on the pure optical detection method, the implementation mode of the wavelength division multiplexer is not limited, and the device can be a diaphragm film-coated wavelength division multiplexer, a fused tapering wavelength division multiplexer, a prism dispersion related wavelength division multiplexer and the like which are coupled by optical fibers; the energy-transfer optical fiber matrix material is not limited in constitution and can be quartz, phosphate, silicate, sulfide and the like; the collimator lens has various materials such as fused quartz, znSe, caF 2 Etc.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a to-be-detected high-power fiber laser system 1, a wavelength-tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser 2, a wavelength division multiplexer 3, an energy-transmitting fiber 4, a collimator 5, a band-pass filter 6, a power meter 7 and a waste light collector 8;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the distribution of the time domain light intensity of the high power fiber laser system under test at the microsecond scale;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the variation of 1120nm raman amplified laser output power with pump power.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings, but the invention can be implemented in a number of different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.
Referring to fig. 1, the device for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system comprises a to-be-detected high-power fiber laser system 1, a wavelength tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser 2, a wavelength division multiplexer 3, an energy transmission fiber 4, a collimator 5, a band-pass filter 6, a power meter 7 and a waste light collector 8.
The output laser center wavelength of the high-power fiber laser system 1 to be tested is lambda 1 The saidWavelength-tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser 2 with output laser center wavelength lambda 2 The corresponding Raman Stokes frequency shift of the energy-transmitting optical fiber 4 is delta lambda R Wherein the wavelength tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser 2 outputs a laser center wavelength lambda 2 ＝λ 1 +Δλ R ；
The laser output by the high-power fiber laser system 1 to be tested and the wavelength-tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser 2 is synthesized into a beam of laser output through the wavelength division multiplexer 3, and the laser beam after the beam combination is injected into the energy-transmitting fiber 4. The laser output by the fiber laser system 1 to be detected serves as pump laser, the laser output by the tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser 2 serves as signal laser, and the energy-transmitting fiber 4 provides Raman gain, so that a forward pumping Raman fiber laser amplifying structure is formed.
The laser beam output by the energy-transmitting optical fiber 4 is collimated and output by the collimator 5, and the laser beam output by the collimator 5 is divided into two beams with the center wavelength lambda respectively after passing through the band-pass filter 6 2 And a residual center wavelength of lambda 1 Wherein the center wavelength is lambda 2 Is injected into the power meter 7, the residual center wavelength is lambda 1 Is injected into the waste light collector 8.
A method for evaluating the time domain stability of a high power fiber laser system based on the apparatus for evaluating the time domain stability of a high power fiber laser system shown in fig. 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Measuring power and center wavelength lambda of output laser of fiber laser system with high power to be detected 1 。
(2) Determining the raman stokes shift delta lambda corresponding to the matrix material of the energy-transmitting optical fiber and the energy-transmitting optical fiber used in the device for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system R 。
(3) Determining the center wavelength lambda of the output laser of a wavelength tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser 2 ，λ 2 ＝λ 1 +Δλ R 。
(4) The output power of the laser output by the wavelength-tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser is measured.
(5) Determining the fiber core size and length of the energy-transfer optical fiber, and calculating the Raman amplification laser power and the Raman light conversion efficiency under the ideal condition of no time domain fluctuation;
the raman amplification process including the time domain characteristics of the pump laser in the forward pumped raman fiber laser amplification structure is described by the forward coupling amplitude equation, as follows:
wherein: e (E) p And E is s Optical fields, v, representing pump laser and signal laser, respectively gp And v gs Group velocity, beta, respectively representing pump laser and signal laser 2p And beta 2s Group velocity dispersion coefficient, alpha, representing pump laser and signal laser, respectively p And alpha s Respectively representing the loss coefficients delta of the pump laser and the signal laser R For Raman induced refractive index changes, f R To delay the fractional contribution of the raman response to the nonlinear plan (abbreviated as "fractional raman contribution"), g p And g s Respectively representing Raman gain coefficients of the pump laser and the signal laser; gamma ray p And gamma s The kerr coefficients (nonlinear coefficients) representing the pump laser light and the signal laser light, respectively, are expressed as:
wherein n is 2 Is of non-linear refractive index, A eff Is the effective mode field area of the energy transmission optical fiber; a is that eff The dependence on the core radius a of the energy-transmitting fiber is expressed as:
A eff ＝Γπa 2 (3)
wherein Γ is a relative proportionality coefficient, and the value range is generally 0.8-1.
Optical field E of pump laser and signal laser p And E is s With pump laser power and signal laserThe power is as follows:
wherein: d, d σ For effective mode field area A along the energy-transfer optical fiber eff Is a derivative of (a).
Let the power of the injection signal laser (i.e. the laser output by the tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser) be P s (0) The power of the injected pumping laser (namely the laser output by the high-power fiber laser system to be tested) is P p (0) The distribution P of the Raman amplified laser power along the longitudinal direction of the energy-transmitting optical fiber (namely the length direction of the energy-transmitting optical fiber) under the ideal condition of no time domain fluctuation of the high-power optical fiber laser system to be measured can be calculated by using the formulas (1) - (4) s (z). By combining formulas (1) - (4), the fiber core radius a and the fiber length of the energy-transmitting fiber are selected, so that the pump laser output by the high-power fiber laser system to be tested and the signal laser output by the wavelength-tunable ultralow-noise fiber laser can be effectively amplified and converted in the energy-transmitting fiber.
Let z=l, P, assuming the fiber length of the energy-transmitting fiber is L s (L) is that the center wavelength is lambda after Raman amplification 2 The output power of the laser of (2); therefore, the Raman conversion efficiency eta of the high-power fiber laser system to be measured in ideal condition without time domain fluctuation s1 Can be expressed as:
(6) The device for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system is used for measuring and obtaining that the center wavelength is lambda under the actual condition by using a power meter 2 The output power P of the Raman amplified laser se (L) and further calculating to obtain the actual Raman light conversion efficiency eta s2 ；η s2 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
(7) The actual measurement in the step (6) is carried out to obtain the center wavelength lambda 2 Raman amplified laser power P of (2) se (L) and the Raman amplification laser power P under ideal condition without time domain fluctuation calculated in the step (5) s (L) performing a ratio operation, setting the ratio as R 1 ；
The actual Raman light conversion efficiency eta is calculated in the step (6) s2 And (5) the Raman light conversion efficiency eta under ideal condition without time domain fluctuation calculated in the step s1 Calculating the ratio, setting the ratio as R 2 。
By R 1 Or by R 2 The time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is directly evaluated, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
by R 1 Directly evaluating time domain stability of high-power fiber laser system to be tested, and ratio R 1 The larger the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is, the worse the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is; or by R 2 Directly evaluating time domain stability of high-power fiber laser system to be tested, and ratio R 2 The larger the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be measured is, the worse the time domain stability is.
The following provides a theoretical analysis of the effectiveness of the method of the invention as follows:
the change of the light intensity of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested along with time is set as follows:
I(t)＝|f(t)+σ| (7)
wherein: f (t) meets standard normal distribution, and sigma is a characteristic parameter of time domain noise intensity.
Without losing generality, the center wavelength lambda of laser output by the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is set 1 The Raman gain medium, namely the energy-transmitting optical fiber, adopts silicon-based medium optical fiber with the fiber core-to-cladding ratio of 6/125 mu m, and has the Raman Stokes frequency shift delta lambda in 1070nm wave band R About 50nm, the center wavelength of the output laser light of the tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser is set as lambda 2 =1120 nm. Ignoring raman-induced refractive index changes delta R Other parameters in equation (1) typically take the following values: v (v) gp ＝ν gs ＝2×10 8 m/s、β 2p ＝β 2s ＝20ps 2 /km、α p ＝α s ＝0.015dB/m、f R ＝0.245、g p ＝4.4W -1 /km、g s ＝4.2W -1 /km, ignoring the influence of wavelength to let gamma p ＝γ s ＝10W -1 /km。
Let sigma be 0, 1.5, 2 respectively, calculate by formula (3) and obtain the distribution of the time domain light intensity of the high power fiber laser system to be measured in microsecond scale as shown in figure 2. In FIG. 2, time (Time/us) is on the abscissa and normalized intensity (Normalized intensity/a.u.) is on the ordinate. As can be seen from fig. 2, with the increase of the characteristic parameter sigma of the time domain noise intensity, the time domain of the high-power fiber laser system to be measured tends to be more stable.
FIG. 3 shows a device according to the present invention, wherein laser light is output by a high-power fiber laser system to be measured with different time domain stability (as shown in FIG. 1), a center wavelength of 1070nm and a maximum average output power of 50W is used as Pump light, an ultra-low noise fiber laser with an output power of 40mW and a center wavelength of 1120nm is used as a signal light seed, an energy-transmitting fiber with a core-to-cladding ratio of 6/125 μm is pumped by 80 m, and the obtained 1120nm Raman amplified light output power (output power/W) is analyzed along with the change of the Pump power (Pump power/W) by combining formulas (1) - (4). As can be taken from fig. 3, the more stable the pump laser time domain, the lower the output power of the raman light at the same pump power, i.e. the lower the raman conversion efficiency, when the effective raman conversion threshold is reached. Conversely, as the pump laser time domain stability deteriorates, the higher the output power of the raman light at the same pump power, i.e., the higher the raman conversion efficiency. The physical explanation of the above phenomenon is as follows: in the inventive device, the effective gain coefficient of raman amplification becomes stronger as the time domain instability of the pump laser increases. The more unstable the pumping laser time domain is, the stronger the corresponding high-frequency part noise is, the higher the effective Raman gain is, and the higher the output power of the Raman amplified light is, the higher the Raman conversion efficiency is. And comparing the output power and the conversion efficiency of the Raman amplified light obtained by calculation under the ideal condition without time domain fluctuation, and evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested with different time domain fluctuation distribution.
The analysis result effectively verifies the feasibility of the device for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system. It should be noted that: (i) Although the above analysis process assumes λ 1 ＝1070nm、λ 2 =1120 nm, once the high-power fiber laser system to be tested outputs the central wavelength λ of the laser 1 Determination of the raman gain medium determination (i.e., raman stokes shift amount Δλ R Determined) by adjusting the center wavelength lambda of the output laser of the tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser 2 So that it meets lambda 2 ＝λ 1 +Δλ R The device can realize the evaluation of the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system with any wavelength; (ii) Although the analysis assumes that the maximum average output power of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is 50W, according to formulas (1) - (4), the pump light can realize effective Raman conversion by reasonably designing the seed power of the injected signal light and the core radius, length and matrix type of the energy-transmitting fiber for providing Raman gain, and the method can be used for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system with any power level.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Measuring power and center wavelength lambda of output laser of fiber laser system with high power to be detected 1 ；
(2) Determining the raman stokes shift delta lambda corresponding to the matrix material of the energy-transmitting optical fiber and the energy-transmitting optical fiber used in the device for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system R ；
(3) Determining wavelength tunable ultra-low noise lightCenter wavelength lambda of laser output by fiber laser 2 ，λ 2 ＝λ 1 +Δλ R ；
(4) Measuring the output power of the laser output by the wavelength-tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser;
(5) Determining the fiber core size and length of the energy-transfer optical fiber, and calculating the Raman amplification laser power and the Raman light conversion efficiency under the ideal condition of no time domain fluctuation;
the raman amplification process including the time domain characteristics of the pump laser in the forward pumped raman fiber laser amplification structure is described by the forward coupling amplitude equation, as follows:
wherein: e (E) p And E is s Optical fields, v, representing pump laser and signal laser, respectively gp And v gs Group velocity, beta, respectively representing pump laser and signal laser 2p And beta 2s Group velocity dispersion coefficient, alpha, representing pump laser and signal laser, respectively p And alpha s Respectively representing the loss coefficients delta of the pump laser and the signal laser R For Raman induced refractive index changes, f R To delay the fractional contribution of raman response to nonlinear plans, g p And g s Respectively representing Raman gain coefficients of the pump laser and the signal laser; gamma ray p And gamma s The kerr coefficients respectively representing the pump laser and the signal laser are respectively expressed as:
wherein n is 2 Is of non-linear refractive index, A eff Is the effective mode field area of the energy transmission optical fiber; a is that eff The dependence on the core radius a of the energy-transmitting fiber is expressed as:
A eff ＝Γπa 2 (3)
wherein Γ is the relative proportionality coefficient;
optical field E of pump laser and signal laser p And E is s The following conditions are satisfied between the pump laser power and the signal laser power:
wherein: z is a distance parameter along the length of the energy-transmitting fiber, z is [0, L]When z=0, the input end of the energy transmission optical fiber is represented, and when z=l, the output end of the energy transmission optical fiber is represented; d, d σ For effective mode field area A along the energy-transfer optical fiber eff Is a derivative of (2);
let the laser power of the injection signal be P s (0) The power of the injected pump laser is P p (0) The distribution P of the Raman amplified laser power along the length direction of the energy-transmitting optical fiber under the ideal condition of no time domain fluctuation of the high-power optical fiber laser system to be measured can be calculated by using the formulas (1) - (4) s (z); by combining formulas (1) - (4), selecting the fiber core radius a and the fiber length of the energy-transmitting fiber, the pump laser output by the high-power fiber laser system to be tested and the signal laser output by the wavelength-tunable ultralow-noise fiber laser can be effectively amplified and converted in the energy-transmitting fiber;
let z=l, P, assuming the fiber length of the energy-transmitting fiber is L s (L) is that the center wavelength is lambda after Raman amplification 2 The output power of the laser of (2); therefore, the Raman conversion efficiency eta of the high-power fiber laser system to be measured in ideal condition without time domain fluctuation s1 Expressed as:
(6) The device for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system is used for measuring and obtaining that the center wavelength is lambda under the actual condition by using a power meter 2 The output power P of the Raman amplified laser se (L) and further calculating to obtain the actual Raman light conversion efficiency eta s2 ；η s2 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
(7) The actual measurement in the step (6) is carried out to obtain the center wavelength lambda 2 Raman amplified laser power P of (2) se (L) and the Raman amplification laser power P under ideal condition without time domain fluctuation calculated in the step (5) s (L) performing a ratio operation, setting the ratio as R 1 ；
The actual Raman light conversion efficiency eta is calculated in the step (6) s2 And (5) the Raman light conversion efficiency eta under ideal condition without time domain fluctuation calculated in the step s1 Calculating the ratio, setting the ratio as R 2 ；
By R 1 Directly evaluating time domain stability of high-power fiber laser system to be tested, and ratio R 1 The larger the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is, the worse the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is; or by R 2 Directly evaluating time domain stability of high-power fiber laser system to be tested, and ratio R 2 The larger the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system to be measured is, the worse the time domain stability is.
2. The method for evaluating the time domain stability of a high power fiber laser system according to claim 1, wherein: the value range of gamma in the formula (3) is 0.8-1.
3. The method for evaluating the time domain stability of a high power fiber laser system according to claim 1, wherein: the device for evaluating the time domain stability of the high-power fiber laser system comprises a high-power fiber laser system to be tested, a wavelength tunable ultralow noise fiber laser, a wavelength division multiplexer, an energy transmission fiber, a collimator, a band-pass filter, a power meter and a waste light collector;
the output laser center wavelength of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is lambda 1 The wavelength-tunable ultralow noise fiber laser outputs laser lightThe center wavelength is lambda 2 The Raman Stokes shift amount corresponding to the matrix material of the energy-transmitting optical fiber is delta lambda R Wherein the wavelength tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser outputs a laser center wavelength lambda 2 ＝λ 1 +Δλ R ；
The laser output by the high-power fiber laser system to be tested and the wavelength-tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser is synthesized into a beam of laser output through a wavelength division multiplexer, the laser beam after the beam synthesis is injected into an energy-transmitting fiber, the laser beam output by the energy-transmitting fiber is collimated and output by a collimator, and the laser beam output by the collimator is divided into two beams with the center wavelength lambda respectively after passing through a band-pass filter 2 And a residual center wavelength of lambda 1 Wherein the center wavelength is lambda 2 Is injected into a power meter, and the residual center wavelength is lambda 1 Is injected into the waste collector.
4. A method of evaluating the temporal stability of a high power fiber laser system according to claim 3, wherein: the laser output by the fiber laser system to be detected serves as pump laser, the laser output by the tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser serves as signal laser, and the energy-transmitting fiber provides Raman gain, so that a forward pumping Raman fiber laser amplifying structure is formed.
5. A method of evaluating the temporal stability of a high power fiber laser system according to claim 3, wherein: the high-power optical fiber laser system to be tested is an ytterbium-doped high-power optical fiber laser system with output wavelength covering ytterbium ion emission spectrum band, an erbium-doped high-power optical fiber laser system with output wavelength covering erbium ion emission spectrum band, a thulium/holmium-doped high-power optical fiber laser system with output wavelength covering thulium/holmium ion emission spectrum band or a high-power optical fiber laser system with output wavelength covering other doped ion emission spectrum band;
the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is a direct high-power oscillator, a high-power super-fluorescent light source, a high-power random fiber laser system or a high-power fiber laser system realized based on a main oscillation power amplifying structure;
the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is a single-frequency, narrow-linewidth or wide-spectrum high-power fiber laser system.
6. A method of evaluating the temporal stability of a high power fiber laser system according to claim 3, wherein: the wavelength-tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser is a single-frequency fiber laser or a narrow linewidth fiber laser generated by applying phase modulation to the single-frequency fiber laser, wherein the single-frequency fiber laser is a distributed feedback laser, a distributed Bragg reflection laser, a non-planar ring oscillator, a single-frequency ring fiber laser or a laser source of a single-frequency semiconductor laser which is output through optical fiber coupling;
the wavelength tuning range of the wavelength tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser is determined by the emission wavelength of the high-power fiber laser system to be tested; if the central wavelength of the laser output by the high-power fiber laser system to be tested is lambda 1 The corresponding Raman Stokes frequency shift of the energy-transmitting optical fiber is delta lambda R Lambda is then 2 ＝λ 1 +Δλ R The output wavelength range of the tunable ultra-low noise fiber laser is within.
7. A method of evaluating the temporal stability of a high power fiber laser system according to claim 3, wherein: the wavelength division multiplexer is a diaphragm film-coated wavelength division multiplexer, a fused tapering wavelength division multiplexer or a prism dispersion related wavelength division multiplexer coupled by optical fibers.
8. A method of evaluating the temporal stability of a high power fiber laser system according to claim 3, wherein: the matrix material of the energy-transmitting optical fiber is quartz, phosphate, silicate or sulfide.
9. A method of evaluating the temporal stability of a high power fiber laser system according to claim 3, wherein: the collimator is composed of one or more lenses, wherein the material of the lenses isFused quartz, znSe or CaF 2 。
10. A method of evaluating the temporal stability of a high power fiber laser system according to claim 3, wherein: the band-pass filter is realized by a multi-layer film-coating filter structure.
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| CN110690638B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2020-10-13 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Method and device for testing Raman optical gain of optical fiber laser |
| CN112729773B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-05-13 | 北京明睿光谱科技有限公司 | Micro-nano optical fiber dispersion measurement method |
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