CN108689689A - 一种垃圾处理及制砖工艺 - Google Patents

一种垃圾处理及制砖工艺 Download PDF

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CN108689689A
CN108689689A CN201710226876.1A CN201710226876A CN108689689A CN 108689689 A CN108689689 A CN 108689689A CN 201710226876 A CN201710226876 A CN 201710226876A CN 108689689 A CN108689689 A CN 108689689A
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蒋卫
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5427—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof millimeter or submillimeter sized, i.e. larger than 0,1 mm
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
    • C04B2235/6021—Extrusion moulding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes

Abstract

本发明公开了一种垃圾处理及制砖工艺，它主要采用垃圾、煤渣、粘土为原料，按（３０∶１０∶６０）的比例混合原料制成环保多孔砖，垃圾按运入时间分别堆放，覆上塑料膜进行自然发酵三个月，使生活垃圾中的大部分有机物进行自然酵解、酶解，然后进行机械筛选，过筛物经过自然干燥可直接作为制环保多孔砖的原料，处理后的垃圾环保多孔砖的原料要符合水份＞８％、粒度＜２２毫米、易腐质＞５％的要求，本发明的最大优点是将污染环境的垃圾转为有用的建筑原材料，节约土地资源，使城、镇垃圾无害化、资源化，这不仅是城、镇本身的要求，也是社会发展的必然要求，是利国利民的好事。

Description

一种垃圾处理及制砖工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种垃圾处理及制砖工艺。
背景技术
目前，公知的现行垃圾处理方法主要有填埋、堆放、焚烧发电三大 类，填埋、堆放需要大量城市周边土地，这样的方法对我国人多地少的 国情极不适合，而且对环境的破坏，对人们生活的危害已是有目共睹的， 目前我国有的城市采用焚烧发电仅仅是城市垃圾的一少部分，一方面焚 烧发电所需的垃圾必须达到一定的燃烧值，而大量的低分子无机物构成 的城市垃圾无法用于焚烧发电，例如建筑垃圾等，另一方面焚烧发电的 残余物仍然需要土地填埋，而且焚烧发电依然对大气产生污染，城市垃 圾中塑料(特别是含氯等有害物质)燃烧时的气体对大气臭氧层有严重 的破坏作用，建造焚烧发电厂需要巨额投资，一般城市财力是很难承受 的。
发明内容
为了克服现有的垃圾处理的技术不足，本发明提供一种利用垃 圾及处理制砖生产工艺，它能全部将垃圾大规模、低成本地转变成 建筑用资源。
本发明的目的是提供一种垃圾处理及制砖工艺，将对运入厂内的垃圾按运入时间分别堆放，覆上塑料膜进行自然发酵三个月， 使生活垃圾中的大部分有机物进行自然酵解、酶解，然后进行机械筛选， 过筛物经过自然干燥可直接作为制环保多孔砖的原料，筛余物进行人工 分选，将塑料袋、铁件、木材等分选出来，将其他块料如砖、石等物送 破碎车间进行破碎后成为制环保多孔砖的原料，处理后的垃圾环保多孔 砖的原料要符合水份＞8％、粒度＜22毫米、易腐质＞5％的要求。
煤渣堆场的煤渣，不可用的废砖从垃圾中分离出来的大块料等分时 段分别由人工用手推车送入破碎机料斗内，破碎后的煤渣和其他废料用 皮带机送入滚筛机内进行过筛处理，细料用移动式皮带机按物料性质送 进不同的堆场以备用，粗料重新由人工用手推车送入破碎机破碎。
粘土堆场的粘土用手推车送入计量给料机经给料机处理成符合制砖 标准的制砖原料送入皮带机转送入总原料混合机进行混合成为制砖原 料，已经处理的垃圾原料、细煤渣和粘土，根据设定比例(30∶10∶60) 用各自的给料机均匀送入皮带机内，同时在将要使用的粘土上洒上适量 的水，皮带机把各种物料连续送入双轴螺旋混合机进行连续混合，混合后的混合料由皮带机送入细碎对辊机内把混合料进行连续细碎混合，细 碎后的混合料由皮带机送入挤出机内，根据市场需要可选择不同形状的 挤出口，经挤出机挤出的泥带在切条机上切成一定长度的泥条后送入切 坯机内，由切坯机切成设定规格的砖坯，切坯、砖坯和泥条两端的多余 部分再放入切坯机下面的皮带机送入细碎对辊机内重新使用，切好的砖 坯放在衬板上由人工放上手推车，送到养护场内进行自然干燥，养护干 燥完成后的砖坯由人工用手推车送入轮窑进行烧制，送入轮窑的多孔砖 采用人工码垛方式堆垛、封门，轮窑门多少容积大小根据产量而定，其燃料采用普通煤，热值为23023KJ/KG，轮窑内多孔砖烧成温度大约 为1100度左右可调整，烧成周期大约为24小时，烧制完成后经自然冷 却，最后由人工检选合格的多孔砖由人工用手推车送到成品堆场。
本发明的有益效果是：将污染环境的垃圾转为有用的建筑原材 料，节约土地资源，使城、镇垃圾无害化、资源化，这不仅是城、镇本 身的要求，也是社会发展的必然要求，是利国利民的好事。
具体实施例：
按上述的垃圾处理及制砖工艺流程，生产环保多孔砖的主要原料为 垃圾、煤渣及塘河淤泥等粘土，按垃圾运入时间分别堆放，覆上塑料膜 进行自然发酵三个月，使生活垃圾中的大部分有机物进行自然酵解、酶 解，然后进行机械筛选，过筛物经过自然干燥可直接作为制环保多孔砖 的原料，处理后的垃圾环保多孔砖的原料要符合水＞8％、粒度＜22毫米、易腐质＞5％的要求，煤渣堆场的煤渣，用手推车送入破碎机料斗内，破碎 后的煤渣和其他废料用皮带机送入滚筛机内进行过筛处理，细料用移动 式皮带机按物料性质送进不同的堆场以备用，粘土堆场的粘土用手推车 送入计量给料机经给料机处理成符合制砖标准的制砖原料送入皮带机送 入总原料混合机进行混合成为制砖原料，已经处理的垃圾原料、细煤渣 和粘土，根据设定比例(30∶10∶60)。

Claims (2)

1.一种垃圾处理及制砖工艺，包括垃圾、煤渣、粘土经处理混合制 成，其特征是垃圾覆上塑料膜自然发酵、酶解经筛选机、破碎机 经皮带机、手推车送到计量给料机再用皮带机输送到混合机，其 煤渣用手推车送到破碎机经皮带机送磙筛机(粗料返回破碎机) 筛完后到堆场经手推车送到计量给料机再用皮带机输送到混合 机，其粘土用手推车送到计量给料机再用皮带机输送到混合机， 垃圾、煤渣、粘土经混合机混合经皮带机输送到细碎对辊机经皮 带机输送到挤出机、切条机、切坯机成型后，用手推车送到养护 场养护干燥后，用手推车送到轮窑烧制，完成后送到成品堆场。
2. 根据权利要求1所述垃圾处理及制砖工艺，其特征还在于垃圾处 理后垃圾原料比例为10-15％、煤渣比例为5-30％、粘土比例为 40-80％。
CN201710226876.1A 2017-04-10 2017-04-10 一种垃圾处理及制砖工艺 Pending CN108689689A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109719115A (zh) * 2018-12-15 2019-05-07 佛山市铁人环保科技有限公司 一种场地重金属污染土壤资源化低成本处置方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109719115A (zh) * 2018-12-15 2019-05-07 佛山市铁人环保科技有限公司 一种场地重金属污染土壤资源化低成本处置方法

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Application publication date: 20181023