CN108686828A - A method of sorting carries iron and removes sodium from red mud - Google Patents
A method of sorting carries iron and removes sodium from red mud Download PDFInfo
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- CN108686828A CN108686828A CN201810532707.5A CN201810532707A CN108686828A CN 108686828 A CN108686828 A CN 108686828A CN 201810532707 A CN201810532707 A CN 201810532707A CN 108686828 A CN108686828 A CN 108686828A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
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Abstract
The invention belongs to red mud processing technology fields, specifically disclose a kind of method that sorting carries iron except sodium from red mud.By red mud by crushing or ball milling is made the fine red mud material based on subparticle, the mass percentage content of subparticle of the grain size less than 5 microns will reach 10~70% in fine red mud material;Fine red mud material is classified, it separates 10~98% in subparticle by grain size in fine red mud material less than 5 microns, subparticle product of the grain size separated less than 5 microns is the product based on Sodium-silica slag and calcium-silicon slag, wherein sodium oxide content is more than 10%, remaining red mud material is iron ore product after classification, and wherein iron oxide content is more than 30%.The sorting provided by the invention from red mud puies forward the method that iron removes sodium, and treatment process is simple, at low cost, and does not introduce secondary pollution, can carry out industrialization promotion in red mud processing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to red mud processing technology fields, and the method that iron removes sodium is put forward more particularly to a kind of sorting from red mud.
Background technology
Red mud is the industrial residue that bauxite is formed after high-concentration sodium hydroxide solution leaches aluminium.At high temperature under high pressure,
Aluminium oxide in bauxite can be reacted with sodium hydroxide generates water-soluble sodium aluminate, and the other compositions in bauxite are such as
SiO2,Fe2O3,TiO2Etc. compounds cannot then be reacted with alkali, still exist in solid form, these solids separations come out,
Obtain red mud.In separation of solid and liquid process, some sodium hydroxide solutions also follow solids to be separated, therefore final
To waste be typically dark red or the brick-red fluid as mud.Why these wastes are presented red, are
Because wherein main component is the Fe of kermesinus2O3, therefore referred to as red mud.
The aluminium oxide for often producing 1 ton, will generate 1.0~2.0 tons of red mud therewith.This weight is also only its solid
The dry weight of powder, if being entrained with the aqueous slkali come during counting red-mud separation in, actual weight will be much higher than this number
Word.Currently, the annual red mud discharge capacity in China is more than 70,000,000 tons, the red mud for accumulating stockpiling alreadys exceed 3.52 hundred million tons.At present
China's red mud comprehensive utilization ratio is less than 4%.With China aluminium oxide yield increase year by year and bauxite grade continuously decreases,
The year yield of red mud will be also continuously increased.Red mud is largely stored up, not only land occupation, waste of resource, but also easily causes environmental pollution
And security risk.
Contain a large amount of Na in red mud2O,Fe2O3,Al2O3,SiO2, CaO etc..Due to containing a large amount of alkaline components in red mud
(Na2O), red mud is caused to cause serious influence to environment during stockpiling.When red mud is directly used as construction material and filling
When the auxiliary material of material, strong basicity can cause the strength of materials declines and performance is unstable etc., therefore red mud is in further disposition and profit
It is necessary with dealkalize before.The method of red mud dealkalization includes mainly lixiviation process, lime method, suspension and carbonation facture and film at present
Removing sodium method etc..Chen Hongliang etc. proposes direct acid in " sodium ferrous acid method leaches in red mud process conditions and Exploration of Mechanism " text
Method leaches Na, Fe in red mud, and investigation and comparison analyzes the influence that sulfuric acid, glacial acetic acid, oxalic acid leach sodium in red mud, iron.By
It is huge in red mud amount, sodium, iron are leached using acid system, a large amount of acid solution is needed, secondary pollution can be caused to environment, industrially answered
It is big with difficulty.
Based on the above present situation, it is necessary to red mud processing is furtherd investigate, propose it is a kind of can scale processing red mud
Method.
Invention content
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a kind of to sort the method that iron removes sodium that puies forward, treatment process from red mud
Simply, at low cost, and secondary pollution is not introduced, industrialization promotion can be carried out in red mud processing.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:A kind of sorted from red mud carries iron except sodium
Method includes the following steps:
Levigate step:The fine red mud material based on subparticle, fine red mud is made by crushing or ball milling in red mud
The mass percentage content of subparticle of the grain size less than 5 microns will reach 10~70% in material;
Classification step:The fine red mud material is classified, grain size in fine red mud material is less than fine of 5 microns
10~98% in grain separate, and subparticle product of the grain size separated less than 5 microns is with Sodium-silica slag and calcium silicon
Product based on slag, sodium oxide content is more than 10% in the subparticle product, and iron oxide content is less than 15%, is remained after classification
Remaining red mud material is iron ore product, and iron oxide content is more than 30% in iron ore product, and sodium oxide content is less than 3%.
The red mud is the red mud that alumina producing directly obtains or the red mud of Red Mud Dam stockpiling.
The levigate step carries out red mud using dry or wet levigate.
The classification step uses dry or wet stage division.
In a preferred embodiment, the levigate step is carried out levigate using wet method, by red mud ball mill or wet
Method Ball-stirring mill is ground, and obtains fine red mud material.
In a preferred embodiment, the classification step uses wet classification, the fine red mud material to use level-one
It is classified to three-level hydrocyclone, feed pressure is 0.05~0.5MPa, and feed thickness is 2~40%.
In a preferred embodiment, the fine red mud material is classified using three-level hydrocyclone, tertiary effluent
Power cyclone is made of the first order cyclone, second level cyclone and third level cyclone being sequentially connected in series, first order cyclone
The diameter of unit type between 25mm~1000mm, the diameter of second level cyclone unit type between 25mm~600mm,
The diameter of third level cyclone unit type is between 25mm~100mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the classification step uses dry classification, the fine red mud material to use level-one
Or three-level cyclone dust collectors are classified, feed pressure is 0.005~0.1MPa, and feed thickness is 0.2~15%.
In a preferred embodiment, the fine red mud material is classified using three-level cyclone dust collectors, three-level rotation
Wind deduster is made of the first order cyclone dust collectors, second level cyclone dust collectors, third level cyclone dust collectors being sequentially connected in series, institute
The diameter of first order cyclone dust collectors unit type is stated between 25mm~1500mm, second level cyclone dust collectors unit type
Diameter is between 25mm~700mm, and the diameter of third level cyclone dust collectors unit type is between 25mm~300mm.
The sorting provided by the invention from red mud puies forward the method that iron removes sodium, is total on the basis of being furtherd investigate to red mud
What knot obtained.The study found that be easy to be ground into when carrying out levigate to red mud, in red mud fine grain partial oxidation sodium content compared with
Height, and the coarse fraction partial oxidation iron content for being not easy to crush is high, therefore can realize separation according to the different of grain size.By aluminium oxide
The red mud directly generated in production process the red mud that either Red Mud Dam is stored up is obtained by crushing or ball milling based on fine grained
Fine red mud material, be then classified by centrifugal action, since the part containing sodium oxide molybdena easily crushes, grain size is small, be thin
Granule product, and the part containing iron oxide is not easy to crush, grain size is big, is coarse granule product, in centrifugal process, fine grained product and
Centrifugal force difference suffered by coarse granule product can enter in different solid phases, therefore the available production based on Sodium-silica slag and calcium-silicon slag
Product are subparticle product, and wherein sodium oxide content is more than 10%, and iron oxide content is remaining red after classification less than 15%
Pug is coarse fraction product namely iron ore product, and iron oxide content is more than 30% in iron ore product, and sodium oxide content is less than 3%.
Obtained iron ore product can be directly used as the raw material of steel production enterprise, recycle iron therein, obtain with Sodium-silica slag and calcium
Product based on white residue can be used for recycling sodium.The method that iron removes sodium is carried using the sorting provided by the invention from red mud, to red mud
Primary sorting enrichment has been carried out, cost is considerably reduced for subsequent recycling.It is contained rare metal for example, in red mud, dilute
The recycling of the valuable constituents such as earth metal and aluminium provides possibility, has important economic value and social effect.
The sorting provided by the invention from red mud puies forward the method that iron removes sodium, is to use physical method by sodium, the iron in red mud
It is effectively separated.Hydrocyclone, the cyclone dust collectors used are a kind of
Medium, and generate centrifugation force effect in the medium and the raw material carried secretly in fluid is generated by the way that the centrifugal force being subject to is different
The equipment of separating effect.The method of the present invention has treatment process simple, and process costs are low, and it is excellent not introduce secondary pollution etc.
Point can carry out industrialization promotion in red mud processing.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail below.
A kind of sorting from red mud provided by the invention puies forward the method that iron removes sodium, includes the following steps:
Levigate step:The fine red mud material based on subparticle, fine red mud is made by crushing or ball milling in red mud
The mass percentage content of subparticle of the grain size less than 5 microns will reach 10~70% in material;
Classification step:The fine red mud material is classified, grain size in fine red mud material is less than fine of 5 microns
10~98% in grain separate, and subparticle product of the grain size separated less than 5 microns is with Sodium-silica slag and calcium silicon
Product based on slag, sodium oxide content is more than 10% in the subparticle product, and iron oxide content is less than 15%, is remained after classification
Remaining red mud material is iron ore product, and iron oxide content is more than 30% in iron ore product, and sodium oxide content is less than 3%.
Red mud can be the red mud that alumina producing directly obtains, and can also be the red mud of Red Mud Dam stockpiling.
It finding under study for action, after crushed, wherein its sodium oxide content is high less than 5 microns of particle for grain size for red mud, and compared with
Big particle iron oxide content is high.
Such as the red mud for taking certain Red Mud Dam to store up, constituent analysis are shown in Table 1, are ground with Wet vertical Ball-stirring mill, grind
Time is 1 hour, obtains fine red mud material, composition analysis result is shown in Table 2 and table respectively in size distribution and each particle size range
3。
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Sodium oxide content is high in the small particle of grain size, and iron oxide content is high in the big particle of grain size, and reason is mainly oxygen
It is ionic bond to change sodium structure, and property is crisp, is easily ground into fine grained, and the high product hardness containing iron oxide is big, and intermolecular force is big,
It is difficult to crush.Therefore this can be utilized different, sorting, which carries iron and removes sodium, is realized to red mud.
It is levigate that dry or wet may be used in step that red mud is levigate.Dry or wet classification may be used in classification step.
It is levigate using wet method, and when use dry classification, it needs to carry out drying powdering to levigate red mud material.
It should be further noted that classification step is specifically that hydrocyclone or what cyclone dust collectors used
It is classified, it is related with the component content of red mud, such as when iron oxide content is high in red mud, can only use level-one hydrocyclone
Or one cyclonic deduster is classified, and when iron oxide content is low in red mud, can use three-level hydrocyclone or three-level
Cyclone dust collectors are classified, to reach the iron ore product of requirement.
Wherein, in the present invention, refer to only being classified through a hydrocyclone using level-one hydroclone classification, adopt
Refer to that first order cyclone, second level cyclone through being sequentially connected in series are classified with two level hydroclone classification, using three
Grade hydroclone classification refers to that first order cyclone, second level cyclone, third level cyclone through being sequentially connected in series are divided
Grade.
Equally, in the present invention, refer to only being classified through a cyclone dust collectors using the classification of one cyclonic deduster,
Refer to that first order cyclone dust collectors, second level cyclone dust collectors through being sequentially connected in series are divided using second cyclone dust extractor classification
Grade refers to first order cyclone dust collectors through being sequentially connected in series, second level cyclone dust collectors, the using the classification of three-level cyclone dust collectors
Three-level cyclone dust collectors are classified.
It is illustrated below by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The red mud 100g for taking bayer process production aluminium oxide to directly obtain, constituent analysis are as follows:
It carries out first levigate:Red mud is levigate using wet method progress, and equipment is ground using Wet vertical Ball-stirring mill, is ground
Time consuming is 1.5 hours, obtains fine red mud material;
Fine red mud material is taken, dries sample preparation, and detect its size distribution, grain size is micro- less than 5 microns in fine red mud material
Fine grain mass percentage content is 23%, and the mass percentage content of particle of the grain size more than 5 microns is 77%;
It detects in subparticle of the grain size less than 5 microns and grain size is more than iron oxide, sodium oxide molybdena in 5 microns of particle
Content, as a result see the table below.
Classification step:Levigate obtained fine red mud material is classified, is classified using level-one hydrocyclone, water
A diameter of 300mm of power cyclone unit type, feed pressure 0.2MPa, feed thickness 15% will be in fine red mud material
88% in subparticle of the grain size less than 5 microns separates, and the grain size separated is less than 5 microns of subparticle product
Quality is 20.24g, is the product based on Sodium-silica slag and calcium-silicon slag, and wherein sodium oxide content is 11.47%, iron oxide content
It is 14.13%;Remaining red mud material is iron ore product after classification, and quality 79.76g, iron oxide content is in iron ore product
44.58%, sodium oxide content 1.59%.
Embodiment 2
Using the red mud raw material of embodiment 1, quality 100g, levigate step is the same as embodiment 1;
Classification step is:Levigate obtained fine red mud material is classified, is classified using three-level hydrocyclone,
Three-level hydrocyclone is made of the first order cyclone, second level cyclone and third level cyclone being sequentially connected in series, the first order
A diameter of 500mm of cyclone unit type, a diameter of 300mm of second level cyclone unit type, third level cyclone are set
A diameter of 100mm of standby model.Feed pressure is 0.2MPa, and it is micro- to be less than 5 by feed thickness 15% for grain size in fine red mud material
97% in the subparticle of rice separates, and subparticle product quality of the grain size separated less than 5 microns is
22.31g is the product based on Sodium-silica slag and calcium-silicon slag, and wherein sodium oxide content is 11.47%, and iron oxide content is
14.13%;Remaining red mud material is iron ore product after classification, and quality 77.69g, iron oxide content is in iron ore product
45.79%, sodium oxide content 1.33%.
Comparative example 1 and embodiment 2 can improve the iron oxide content of iron ore product it is found that by multipass sort.
For the bauxite red mud of low iron, the method for multi-level hierarchical may be used to improve the quality of iron ore product.
Embodiment 3
The red mud 100g for taking Red Mud Dam to store up produces the red mud that aluminium oxide obtains for bayer process, and constituent analysis is as follows:
It carries out first levigate:Red mud is levigate using wet method progress, and equipment is ground using ball mill, is obtained fine red
Pug;
Fine red mud material is taken, dries sample preparation, and detect its size distribution, grain size is micro- less than 5 microns in fine red mud material
Fine grain mass percentage content is 17%, and the mass percentage content of particle of the grain size more than 5 microns is 83%;
It detects in subparticle of the grain size less than 5 microns and grain size is more than iron oxide, sodium oxide molybdena in 5 microns of particle
Content, as a result see the table below.
Classification step:Dry classification is carried out to fine red mud material, fine red mud material is divided using one cyclonic deduster
Grade, feed pressure 0.05MPa, feed thickness 5%.A diameter of 500mm of cyclone dust collectors unit type.By fine red mud
Grain size is less than in 5 microns of subparticle in material 85% is separated, and the grain size separated is less than 5 microns of subparticle
Product quality is 14.45g, is the product based on Sodium-silica slag and calcium-silicon slag, and sodium oxide content is in subparticle product
10.89%, iron oxide content 5.94%, remaining red mud material is iron ore product, quality 85.55g, iron ore product after classification
Middle iron oxide content is 30.25%, sodium oxide content 0.72%.
Embodiment 4
Using the red mud raw material of embodiment 3, quality 100g, levigate step is the same as embodiment 3;
Classification step is:Dry classification is carried out to fine red mud material, fine red mud material is carried out using three-level cyclone dust collectors
Classification, three-level cyclone dust collectors are removed by the first order cyclone dust collectors, second level cyclone dust collectors, third level whirlwind being sequentially connected in series
Dirt device form, a diameter of 1000mm of first order cyclone dust collectors unit type, second level cyclone dust collectors unit type it is straight
Diameter is 500mm, a diameter of 200mm of third level cyclone dust collectors unit type.Feed pressure is 0.05MPa, and feed thickness is
5%.98% in subparticle by grain size in fine red mud material less than 5 microns is separated, and the grain size separated is less than 5
The subparticle product quality of micron is 16.66g, is for the product based on Sodium-silica slag and calcium-silicon slag, in subparticle product
Sodium oxide content is 10.89%, iron oxide content 5.94%, and remaining red mud material is iron ore product after classification, and quality is
83.34g, iron oxide content is 30.90% in iron ore product, sodium oxide content 0.45%.
Provided by the invention from sorting in red mud puies forward method of the iron except sodium, in levigate step, if aoxidized in red mud
Sodium content is high, is easy to levigate, then after levigate in manufactured fine red mud material, grain size is less than 5 microns of subparticle content
It is just higher, on the contrary, if sodium oxide content is low in red mud, be not easy it is levigate, then after levigate in manufactured fine red mud material, grain
Subparticle content of the diameter less than 5 microns is with regard to relatively low.It has been investigated that the quality percentage of subparticle of the grain size less than 5 microns
Than content at 10~70%, it can be achieved that sodium oxide content reaches 10% or more in subparticle.In classification step, if grain size
Sodium oxide content is high in subparticle less than 5 microns, can separate subparticles more to the greatest extent, such as can will be fine
Grain size is separated less than 98% in 5 microns of subparticle in red mud material, with obtain more sodium oxide content it is high with
Product based on Sodium-silica slag and calcium-silicon slag, while also improving the iron-holder of iron ore product.If grain size is fine less than 5 microns
Sodium oxide content is not very high in particle, and iron oxide content is high, then less subparticle can also be separated, such as
Grain size in fine red mud material can be less than in 5 microns of subparticle 10% is separated, and is contained in this way to iron ore product
Iron influences less, and iron oxide content can be more than 30% in iron ore product, namely be influenced less, together on the quality of iron ore product
When can also reduce classification needed for energy consumption.
The percentage occurred in the present invention is mass percent.
Example the above is only the implementation of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, every to utilize this hair
Equivalent transformation made by bright description, is applied directly or indirectly in other relevant technical fields, and is included in this hair
In bright scope of patent protection.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of sorting from red mud puies forward the method that iron removes sodium, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
Levigate step:By red mud by crushing or ball milling is made the fine red mud material based on subparticle, in fine red mud material
The mass percentage content of subparticle of the grain size less than 5 microns will reach 10~70%;
Classification step:The fine red mud material is classified, in the subparticle by grain size in fine red mud material less than 5 microns
10~98% separate, subparticle product of the grain size separated less than 5 microns is to be with Sodium-silica slag and calcium-silicon slag
Main product, sodium oxide content is more than 10% in the subparticle product, and iron oxide content is less than 15%, remaining after classification
Red mud material is iron ore product, and iron oxide content is more than 30% in iron ore product, and sodium oxide content is less than 3%.
2. the sorting according to claim 1 from red mud puies forward the method that iron removes sodium, which is characterized in that the red mud is oxidation
The red mud of red mud or Red Mud Dam stockpiling that aluminium production directly obtains.
3. the sorting according to claim 1 from red mud puies forward the method that iron removes sodium, which is characterized in that the levigate step is adopted
Red mud is carried out with dry or wet levigate.
4. the sorting according to claim 1 from red mud puies forward the method that iron removes sodium, which is characterized in that the classification step is adopted
With dry or wet stage division.
5. the sorting according to claim 3 from red mud puies forward the method that iron removes sodium, which is characterized in that the levigate step is adopted
It is carried out with wet method levigate, red mud ball mill or wet method Ball-stirring mill is ground, fine red mud material is obtained.
6. the sorting according to claim 4 from red mud puies forward the method that iron removes sodium, which is characterized in that the classification step is adopted
With wet classification, the fine red mud material is classified using level-one to three-level hydrocyclone, feed pressure be 0.05~
0.5MPa, feed thickness are 2~40%.
7. the sorting according to claim 6 from red mud puies forward the method that iron removes sodium, which is characterized in that the fine red mud material
It is classified using three-level hydrocyclone, three-level hydrocyclone is by the first order cyclone, the second level eddy flow that are sequentially connected in series
Device and third level cyclone composition, the diameter of first order cyclone unit type is between 25mm~1000mm, second level eddy flow
The diameter of device unit type between 25mm~600mm, the diameter of third level cyclone unit type 25mm~100mm it
Between.
8. the sorting according to claim 4 from red mud puies forward the method that iron removes sodium, which is characterized in that the classification step is adopted
With dry classification, the fine red mud material is classified using level-one or three-level cyclone dust collectors, and feed pressure is 0.005~
0.1MPa, feed thickness are 0.2~15%.
9. the sorting according to claim 8 from red mud puies forward the method that iron removes sodium, which is characterized in that the fine red mud material
Be classified using three-level cyclone dust collectors, three-level cyclone dust collectors by be sequentially connected in series first order cyclone dust collectors, the second level
Cyclone dust collectors, third level cyclone dust collectors composition, the diameter of the first order cyclone dust collectors unit type 25mm~
Between 1500mm, between 25mm~700mm, third level cyclone dust collectors are set the diameter of second level cyclone dust collectors unit type
The diameter of standby model is between 25mm~300mm.
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