CN108683412A - A kind of multichannel power synthesis circuit applied to out-phase power amplifying system - Google Patents
A kind of multichannel power synthesis circuit applied to out-phase power amplifying system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于射频通讯技术领域，涉及一种应用于异相功率放大系统的多路功率合成电路。The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency communication, and relates to a multi-channel power synthesis circuit applied to a different-phase power amplification system.
背景技术Background technique
随着无线通信技术的迅速发展，射频微波技术在人们的日常生活中越来越重要。为了在提倡节能环保的今天，节约更多的能源，通信商通常采用高线性度、高效率和高输出功率的功率放大系统，而使用传统的异相功率放大系统对恒包络信号进行放大，它的优点是具有很高的输出功率和效率，对于输出的调制信号具有很高的线性度。但是传统的异相功率放大系统使用的Chireix功率合成的使用条件很高，分支功率放大器的输出阻抗的相位必须完全相反，不然就会对整个系统的线性度指标、输出功率和效率产生较大影响，所以异相功率放大系统的合成电路成为学术界和工业界的研究热点之一。如何提高异相功率放大系统的合成电路的线性度、输出功率和效率成为学术界和工业界的热点之一。通常异相功率放大系统的合成电路通过公式设计出传统的Chireix功率合成器里的各种参数，达到提升线性度、输出功率和效率。With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, radio frequency microwave technology is becoming more and more important in people's daily life. In order to save more energy in the promotion of energy conservation and environmental protection today, communication companies usually use power amplification systems with high linearity, high efficiency and high output power, and use traditional out-of-phase power amplification systems to amplify constant envelope signals. Its advantage is that it has high output power and efficiency, and has high linearity for the output modulation signal. However, the Chireix power combination used in the traditional out-of-phase power amplification system has very high conditions of use. The phase of the output impedance of the branch power amplifier must be completely opposite, otherwise it will have a great impact on the linearity index, output power and efficiency of the entire system. , so the synthesizing circuit of the out-of-phase power amplification system has become one of the research hotspots in academia and industry. How to improve the linearity, output power and efficiency of the synthesis circuit of the out-of-phase power amplification system has become one of the hot spots in the academic and industrial circles. Usually, the synthesis circuit of the out-of-phase power amplification system designs various parameters in the traditional Chireix power synthesizer through formulas to improve linearity, output power and efficiency.
现有的异相功率放大系统使用的功率合成器为如图1所示的传统Chireix功率合成器。然而申请人在研究中发现，实际上传统的Chireix功率合成器对于分支功率放大器的输出阻抗的相位的要求过于严苛，否则就对整个异相功率放大系统的线性度、输出功率和效率具有很大的影响，然而传统的Chireix功率合成器的实现条件太过理想化，现实中实现起来过于复杂。但随着通信技术的快速发展，对于射频通信系统的要求也是越来越高，对于传统的Chireix功率合成器的实现条件太过严苛，已经不能满足当今无线通信系统的要求，因此，急需研制出一种应用于异相功率放大系统的多路功率合成电路提高系统线性度、输出功率和效率以满足当前及未来无线通信系统高传输数率的要求。高线性度、高功率和高效率功率放大系统也理所当然的成为了学术界和工业界研究的热点。由此，对传统的Chireix功率合成器进行分析，并进行改进，设计了一种应用于异相功率放大系统的多路功率合成电路。The power combiner used in the existing out-of-phase power amplification system is a traditional Chireix power combiner as shown in FIG. 1 . However, the applicant found in the research that in fact, the traditional Chireix power combiner has too strict requirements on the phase of the output impedance of the branch power amplifier, otherwise it will have a great impact on the linearity, output power and efficiency of the entire out-of-phase power amplification system. However, the realization conditions of the traditional Chireix power synthesizer are too ideal, and the realization is too complicated in reality. However, with the rapid development of communication technology, the requirements for radio frequency communication systems are also getting higher and higher. The realization conditions for the traditional Chireix power combiner are too strict and cannot meet the requirements of today's wireless communication systems. Therefore, it is urgent to develop A multi-channel power combining circuit applied to the out-of-phase power amplification system is proposed to improve the system linearity, output power and efficiency to meet the high transmission rate requirements of current and future wireless communication systems. High linearity, high power and high efficiency power amplification system has naturally become a research hotspot in academia and industry. Therefore, the traditional Chireix power combiner is analyzed and improved, and a multi-channel power combiner circuit applied to out-of-phase power amplification system is designed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是提供一种应用于异相功率放大系统的多路功率合成电路。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-channel power combining circuit applied to out-of-phase power amplification systems.
本发明包括多路异相功率合成电路。所述的多路异相功率合成电路串接在多个开关类功率放大器和负载之间，每路异相功率合成电路包括相位调整模块和异相功率合成模块。相位调整模块将各分支的功率放大器的输出负载阻抗在史密斯圆图上调整到关于实轴对称的位置；异相功率合成模块用于将分支功率放大器的负载阻抗接近纯电阻，减少各路负载对于相位的要求。四个开关类功率放大器输出端接一路异相功率合成电路，作为异相功率合成电路的四个输入信号。The invention includes multiple out-of-phase power combining circuits. The multiple out-of-phase power combining circuits are connected in series between multiple switching power amplifiers and loads, and each out-of-phase power combining circuit includes a phase adjustment module and a different-phase power combining module. The phase adjustment module adjusts the output load impedance of the power amplifiers of each branch to a symmetrical position about the real axis on the Smith chart; the out-of-phase power combination module is used to make the load impedance of the branch power amplifiers close to pure resistance, reducing the load impedance of each branch. phase requirements. The output terminals of the four switching power amplifiers are connected to one out-of-phase power combining circuit as four input signals of the out-of-phase power combining circuit.
所述的相位调整模块包括四个直微带线，每个直微带线的一端分别接一个开关类功率放大器的输出端；每两个直微带线的另一端分别通过与之垂直放置的两个微带线接异相功率合成模块中第一或第二Chireix功率合成器的两个输入端。The phase adjustment module includes four straight microstrip lines, one end of each straight microstrip line is respectively connected to the output end of a switch-type power amplifier; the other end of every two straight microstrip lines passes through the The two microstrip lines are connected to two input terminals of the first or second Chireix power combiner in the out-of-phase power combiner module.
所述的异相功率合成模块包括三个Chireix功率合成器，每个Chireix功率合成器包括两个扇形微带线和两个直微带线；第一Chireix功率合成器的两个输出端连接后接第三Chireix功率合成器的一个输入端，第二Chireix功率合成器的两个输出端连接后接第三Chireix功率合成器的另一个输入端，第三Chireix功率合成器的两个输出端连接后接负载。Described out-of-phase power combining module comprises three Chireix power combiners, and each Chireix power combiner comprises two fan-shaped microstrip lines and two straight microstrip lines; After two output terminals of the first Chireix power combiner are connected Connect to one input end of the third Chireix power combiner, connect the two output ends of the second Chireix power combiner to another input end of the third Chireix power combiner, connect the two output ends of the third Chireix power combiner Then connect the load.
所述的Chireix功率合成器两个扇形微带线的射频输入端分别与两个直微带线一端连接后作为Chireix功率合成器的两个输入端，两个直微带线的另一端作为Chireix功率合成器的两个输出端。The RF input ends of the two fan-shaped microstrip lines of the Chireix power combiner are respectively connected to one end of two straight microstrip lines as two input ends of the Chireix power combiner, and the other ends of the two straight microstrip lines are used as Chireix Two outputs of the power combiner.
所述的负载阻抗为50欧。The load impedance mentioned is 50 ohms.
所述的四路开关类功率放大器输出信号的异相控制角θ和关系如式⑺：The out-of-phase control angles θ and The relationship is as formula ⑺:
V0为输入信号电压波的幅值，RL为负载阻抗，X1为支路的电抗，Pout为输出功率。V 0 is the amplitude of the input signal voltage wave, RL is the load impedance, X 1 is the reactance of the branch, and P out is the output power.
本发明主要由微带线组成，降低使用集总原件而产生的寄生参数影响整体系统的性能。使用的Chireix功率合成器将其中的分支微带线改为扇形微带线，防止微带线接地导致功率泄露，降低电路的功率和效率。通过改善传统的Chireix功率合成器的结构使得负载阻抗的实部接近于电阻负载，降低了对分支功率放大器的输出阻抗的相位要求，提高整体电路的线性度、输出功率和效率。The invention is mainly composed of microstrip lines, and reduces the influence of parasitic parameters generated by using lumped components on the performance of the overall system. The Chireix power combiner used changed the branch microstrip line into a fan-shaped microstrip line to prevent power leakage caused by the grounding of the microstrip line and reduce the power and efficiency of the circuit. By improving the structure of the traditional Chireix power combiner, the real part of the load impedance is close to the resistance load, which reduces the phase requirements of the output impedance of the branch power amplifier, and improves the linearity, output power and efficiency of the overall circuit.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为传统Chireix功率合成器的原理图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a traditional Chireix power combiner;
图2为本发明中应用于异相功率放大系统的多路功率合成电路框图；Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a multi-channel power combining circuit applied to an out-of-phase power amplification system in the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例中拥有相位调整模块的Chireix功率合成器原理图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the Chireix power combiner possessing the phase adjustment module in the embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例中负载阻抗调制轨迹史密斯圆图；Fig. 4 is the Smith chart of load impedance modulation track in the embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明一路异相功率合成电路的原理图；Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of one out-of-phase power combining circuit of the present invention;
图6为传统Chireix功率合成器与本实施例中多路异相功率合成电路工作效率对比图；Fig. 6 is a comparison diagram of the operating efficiency of the traditional Chireix power combiner and the multi-channel out-of-phase power combining circuit in the present embodiment;
图7为传统Chireix功率合成器与本实施例中多路异相功率合成电路输出功率对比图。Fig. 7 is a comparison diagram of the output power of the traditional Chireix power combiner and the multi-channel out-of-phase power combining circuit in this embodiment.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图2所示，一种应用于异相功率放大系统的多路功率合成电路，包括多路异相功率合成电路。每路异相功率合成电路包括相位调整模块1和异相功率合成模块2。相位调整模块1将各分支的功率放大器的输出负载阻抗在史密斯圆图上调整到关于实轴对称的位置；异相功率合成模块2用于将分支功率放大器的负载阻抗接近纯电阻，减少各路负载对于相位的要求。多路异相功率合成电路串接在多个开关类功率放大器(图中等效为电压源)和负载之间，用于降低异相功率合成模块中Chireix功率合成器对分支功率放大器的输出负载的相位要求。四个开关类功率放大器输出端接一路异相功率合成电路。As shown in FIG. 2 , a multi-channel power combining circuit applied to an out-of-phase power amplification system includes a multi-channel out-of-phase power combining circuit. Each out-of-phase power combining circuit includes a phase adjustment module 1 and an out-of-phase power combining module 2 . The phase adjustment module 1 adjusts the output load impedance of the power amplifiers of each branch to a symmetrical position about the real axis on the Smith chart; the out-of-phase power combination module 2 is used to make the load impedance of the branch power amplifiers close to pure resistance, reducing the load impedance of each branch power amplifier. The requirements of the load for the phase. Multiple out-of-phase power combining circuits are connected in series between multiple switching power amplifiers (equivalent to voltage sources in the figure) and loads, which are used to reduce the output load of the Chireix power combiner in the out-of-phase power combining module to the branch power amplifiers. phase requirements. The output terminals of the four switching power amplifiers are connected to one out-of-phase power combining circuit.
每个Chireix功率合成器包括两个扇形微带线和两个直微带线，两个扇形微带线的射频输入端分别与两个直微带线一端连接后作为Chireix功率合成器的两个输入端，两个直微带线的另一端作为Chireix功率合成器的两个输出端。Each Chireix power combiner includes two fan-shaped microstrip lines and two straight microstrip lines, and the RF input ends of the two fan-shaped microstrip lines are respectively connected to one end of the two straight microstrip lines as two of the Chireix power combiner. The input end, the other end of the two straight microstrip lines serve as the two output ends of the Chireix power combiner.
相位调整模块1包括四个直微带线，第一直微带线TL1的一端、第四直微带线TL4的一端、第八直微带线TL8的一端、第十一直微带线TL11的一端分别接一个开关类功率放大器的输出端；第一直微带线TL1的另一端、第四直微带线TL4的另一端分别通过与之垂直放置的第二直微带线TL2、第五直微带线TL5接异相功率合成模块中第一Chireix功率合成器的两个输入端。第八直微带线TL8的另一端、第十一直微带线TL11的另一端分别通过与之垂直放置的第九直微带线TL9、第十二直微带线TL12接另异相功率合成模块中第二Chireix功率合成器的两个输入端。The phase adjustment module 1 includes four straight microstrip lines, one end of the first straight microstrip line TL1, one end of the fourth straight microstrip line TL4, one end of the eighth straight microstrip line TL8, and the tenth straight microstrip line TL11 One end of the first straight microstrip line TL1 and the other end of the fourth straight microstrip line TL4 pass through the second straight microstrip line TL2, the second straight microstrip line TL2, and the second straight microstrip line TL2 respectively The five straight microstrip lines TL5 are connected to two input terminals of the first Chireix power combiner in the out-of-phase power combiner module. The other end of the eighth straight microstrip line TL8 and the other end of the tenth straight microstrip line TL11 are respectively connected to the out-of-phase power through the ninth straight microstrip line TL9 and the twelfth straight microstrip line TL12 placed perpendicularly to them. Two inputs for the second Chireix power combiner in the combiner module.
异相功率合成模块2包括三个Chireix功率合成器，第一Chireix功率合成器包括第一扇形微带线STUB1、第二扇形微带线STUB2、第三直微带线TL3、第六直微带线TL6；第二Chireix功率合成器包括第三扇形微带线STUB3、第四扇形微带线STUB4、第十直微带线TL10、第十三直微带线TL13；第三Chireix功率合成器包括第五扇形微带线STUB5、第六扇形微带线STUB6、第七直微带线TL7、第十四直微带线TL14；第一Chireix功率合成器的两个输出端连接后接第三Chireix功率合成器的一个输入端，第二Chireix功率合成器的两个输出端连接后接第三Chireix功率合成器的另一个输入端，第三Chireix功率合成器的两个输出端连接后接阻抗为50欧的负载。The out-of-phase power combining module 2 includes three Chireix power combiners, the first Chireix power combiner includes the first fan-shaped microstrip line STUB1, the second fan-shaped microstrip line STUB2, the third straight microstrip line TL3, the sixth straight microstrip Line TL6; the second Chireix power combiner includes the third fan-shaped microstrip line STUB3, the fourth fan-shaped microstrip line STUB4, the tenth straight microstrip line TL10, and the thirteenth straight microstrip line TL13; the third Chireix power combiner includes The fifth fan-shaped microstrip line STUB5, the sixth fan-shaped microstrip line STUB6, the seventh straight microstrip line TL7, and the fourteenth straight microstrip line TL14; the two output ends of the first Chireix power combiner are connected to the third Chireix One input end of the power combiner, the two output ends of the second Chireix power combiner are connected and then connected to another input end of the third Chireix power combiner, and the two output ends of the third Chireix power combiner are connected and then the impedance is 50 ohm load.
如图3所示，以两路开关类功率放大器输入为例，从合路点到各支路的阻抗如式⑴：As shown in Figure 3, taking the input of two switching power amplifiers as an example, the impedance from the junction point to each branch is as follows (1):
其中I1和I2为上下两路的电流，RL为负载阻抗。Among them, I 1 and I 2 are the currents of the upper and lower circuits, and RL is the load impedance.
两路分支电流通过相位变量表示为式⑵：Two branch currents pass through the phase variable Expressed as formula (2):
其中A1和A2是电流相位幅度，通过式⑴和式⑵得式⑶：Among them, A 1 and A 2 are the current phase amplitude, and formula ⑶ is obtained through formula ⑴ and formula ⑵:
所以从电压源处看到的导纳Y1，Y2表示为式(4)：Therefore, the admittance Y 1 and Y 2 seen from the voltage source are expressed as formula (4):
其中BC为相位调整结构的补偿电纳；Where B C is the compensation susceptance of the phase adjustment structure;
负载阻抗调制轨迹通过公式(4)在史密斯圆图上的轨迹如图4所示。当两个支路电流振幅相等(A1＝A2)时，负载调制轨迹与传统Chireix功率合成器相同。通过添加补充分流元件补偿电纳，使得负载调制轨迹旋转至关于史密斯圆图实轴对称，从而能够更容易地抵消两路阻抗的虚部，从而提升异相功率放大系统的性能。The track of load impedance modulation is shown in Figure 4 through formula (4) on the Smith chart. When the amplitudes of the two branch currents are equal (A 1 =A 2 ), the load modulation trajectory is the same as a conventional Chireix power combiner. By adding a supplementary shunt element to compensate the susceptance, the load modulation trajectory is rotated to be symmetrical with respect to the real axis of the Smith chart, so that the imaginary part of the two impedances can be more easily offset, thereby improving the performance of the out-of-phase power amplification system.
如图5所示，以开关类功率放大器输入为例，四路开关类功率放大器输出电压分别为V1、V2、V3、V4，四路开关类功率放大器输出信号的异相控制角为θ和关系如式⑸：As shown in Figure 5, taking the input of the switching power amplifier as an example, the output voltages of the four switching power amplifiers are V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , V 4 respectively, and the out-of-phase control angles of the output signals of the four switching power amplifiers for θ and The relationship is as formula (5):
V0为输入信号电压波的幅值，RL为负载阻抗，X1为支路的电抗，负载电压VR和输出功率POUT的公式如式⑹：V 0 is the amplitude of the input signal voltage wave, RL is the load impedance, X 1 is the reactance of the branch circuit, the formula of the load voltage V R and the output power P OUT is as formula (6):
通过式⑺计算出最佳的θ和的值：Calculate the best θ and value of:
通过计算出的最佳的θ和的值，使得分支开关类功率放大器具有相同的负载阻抗，并且这些输入阻抗接近纯电阻。The optimal θ and The value of , so that the branch switch type power amplifier has the same load impedance, and these input impedances are close to pure resistance.
由于考虑到电容电感在高频电路中的寄生效应，所以讲其中的集总元件都替换成扇形微带线形式，即有利于扩展带宽又可以减少寄生参数的影响，增加系统的性能。Considering the parasitic effect of capacitance and inductance in high-frequency circuits, the lumped components are replaced with fan-shaped microstrip lines, which is beneficial to expand the bandwidth and reduce the influence of parasitic parameters, increasing the performance of the system.
参见图6和图7，所示为本发明技术方案与现有技术之间的对比测试图，从中可以看出，在频带内，传统的Chireix功率合成器的功率合成效率为59％-63％，输出功率为20.54W-24.14W，本发明的功率合成效率效率为69％-71％，输出功率为24.21W-26.45W，在使用本发明的技术方案，功率合成效率和输出功率都有一定幅度的增加，说明多路功率合成电路对电路的效果有所改善。Referring to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, shown is the comparative test chart between technical scheme of the present invention and prior art, can find out therefrom, in frequency band, the power combining efficiency of traditional Chireix power combiner is 59%-63% , the output power is 20.54W-24.14W, the power combining efficiency of the present invention is 69%-71%, and the output power is 24.21W-26.45W, when using the technical scheme of the present invention, the power combining efficiency and the output power all have certain The increase of the amplitude indicates that the effect of the multi-channel power combining circuit on the circuit has been improved.
工作过程及原理：在应用于异相功率放大系统的多路功率合成电路中，使用的不是相位相反的信号，而是使用实施例中计算得到的异相控制角为θ和的输入信号。相位调整模块将各分支的功率放大器的输出阻抗在史密斯圆图上调整到关于实轴对称的位置；异相功率合成模块用于将分支功率放大器的负载阻抗接近纯电阻，减少各路负载阻抗对于相位的要求。多路异相功率合成电路用于降低异相功率合成模块中Chireix功率合成器对分支功率放大器的输出负载的相位要求。Working process and principle: In the multi-channel power combining circuit applied to the out-of-phase power amplification system, instead of signals with opposite phases, the out-of-phase control angle calculated in the embodiment is θ and input signal. The phase adjustment module adjusts the output impedance of the power amplifiers of each branch to a symmetrical position about the real axis on the Smith chart; the out-of-phase power combination module is used to make the load impedance of the branch power amplifiers close to pure resistance, reducing the load impedance of each branch for phase requirements. The multi-channel out-of-phase power combining circuit is used to reduce the phase requirement of the Chireix power combiner in the out-of-phase power combining module on the output load of the branch power amplifier.
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说是显而易见的，本申请中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本申请所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本申请所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。The descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined in this application may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown in this application, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed in this application.
Claims (4)
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| CN111865236A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-10-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Signal processing method, device and system |
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| CN111865236A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-10-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Signal processing method, device and system |
| CN111865236B (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2022-07-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | Signal processing method, device and system |
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