CN108681024B - Moving target surface focusing mechanism and target surface inclination amount and visual axis runout detection method thereof - Google Patents
Moving target surface focusing mechanism and target surface inclination amount and visual axis runout detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108681024B CN108681024B CN201810588140.3A CN201810588140A CN108681024B CN 108681024 B CN108681024 B CN 108681024B CN 201810588140 A CN201810588140 A CN 201810588140A CN 108681024 B CN108681024 B CN 108681024B
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
- G02B7/04—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Abstract
The invention relates to a movable target surface focusing mechanism and a target surface inclination amount and visual axis runout detection method thereof, which solve the problems that the cost is increased, the runout of an optical axis is caused and the like in the existing focusing mode. The mechanism comprises a lens switching bracket, a movable bracket, a guide assembly and a driving and position feedback assembly; the guide assembly comprises a guide unit; the guide unit comprises a guide rail and a guide block; the guide rail is fixedly arranged on the lens transfer bracket, the guide block moves on the guide rail, and the guide block is fixedly connected with the movable bracket; in the driving and position feedback assembly, a motor is connected with a motor gear; the potentiometer is connected with the potentiometer gear; the potentiometer gear and the motor gear are respectively meshed with the transmission screw rod gear; the transmission screw gear is connected with the ball screw through the switching shaft, the ball screw is connected with the ball sliding block, and the ball sliding block is fixedly connected with the movable support through the sliding block fixedly connected support. Meanwhile, the invention provides a target surface inclination amount and visual axis runout detection method in the motion process of the mechanism.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aerospace photoelectric load focusing, in particular to a movable target surface focusing mechanism and a target surface inclination amount and visual axis runout detection method.
Background
The existing focusing modes of the zoom camera and the fixed focus camera are mainly lens cam focusing, piezoelectric ceramic focusing and lens linear motor focusing.
The cam focusing realizes focusing by moving a certain lens group in the lens, is used for compensating the defocusing amount caused by the change of the object distance temperature and the like, and can realize continuous focusing. The focusing mode adopts cam driving, a movement gap exists between a movement group in a driving mode and the main lens barrel, and the guiding movement of the lens group is realized by adding a guide rail bearing at present, so that the movement gap is reduced, but the processing difficulty of structural members in the mode is high, the cost is increased, and the implementation is not easy. Furthermore, this focusing method causes a runout of the optical axis, which is particularly sensitive to tele lenses.
The piezoelectric ceramic focusing mode has limited focusing stroke and is suitable for lens with small defocusing amount.
In a lens linear motor focusing mode, a linear motor directly drives a movable lens group to realize focusing, if a single motor is used for driving, the movable lens group can incline to cause optical axis deviation, and because the movable lens group is arranged in a lens, adjustment and optimization are difficult to carry out; if the dual-motor driving is adopted, the inclination of the lens group can be effectively limited, but the synchronous control of the motors is difficult, the blocking phenomenon is easy to occur, the step length of the linear motor is as small as possible, and the minimum step length smaller than or equal to the focusing requirement is optimal, so that the cost of the motor is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the focusing mode in the background technology of the invention, the invention provides a movable target surface focusing mechanism and a visual axis runout detection method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a movable target surface focusing mechanism comprises a lens switching support, a movable support, a guide assembly and a driving and position feedback assembly; the guide assembly comprises a plurality of groups of guide units arranged on the lens transfer bracket; the guide unit comprises a guide rail and a guide block; the guide rail is fixedly arranged on the lens transfer bracket, the guide block is arranged on the guide rail and moves on the guide rail, and the guide block is fixedly connected with the movable bracket; the driving and position feedback assembly comprises a motor, a motor gear, a potentiometer gear, a transmission screw rod gear, a switching shaft, a ball screw, a ball sliding block, a driving mounting bracket and a sliding block fixedly connecting bracket; the motor is connected with the motor gear and used for driving the motor gear to rotate; the potentiometer is connected with the potentiometer gear and is used for measuring the rotation quantity of the potentiometer gear; the potentiometer gear and the motor gear are respectively meshed with the transmission screw rod gear; the transmission screw gear is connected with the ball screw through the switching shaft to realize rotation of the ball screw, the ball screw is connected with the ball sliding block to realize movement of the ball sliding block, and the ball sliding block is fixedly connected with the movable support through the sliding block to realize movement of the movable support.
Further, the potentiometer gear and the transmission screw gear adopt a double-gear meshing mode for transmission, the potentiometer gear comprises a first potentiometer gear and a second potentiometer gear which are meshed with the transmission screw gear, the first potentiometer gear and the second potentiometer gear are coaxially installed, and gear teeth of the first potentiometer gear and gear teeth of the second potentiometer gear are staggered in the circumferential direction.
Further, a limit screw is arranged on the lens transfer support and used for limiting the displacement of the guide block, and mechanical limit is provided for the focusing mechanism.
Further, the front fixing support and the rear fixing support are further included, the switching shaft is installed on the front fixing support and the rear fixing support through angular contact bearings arranged at two ends, the front fixing support is fixedly connected with the rear fixing support, and the rear fixing support is fixedly connected with the driving installation support.
Further, a plurality of mounting seats and a plurality of pressing plates are arranged on the lens transfer support, and the guide rail penetrates through the center hole of the mounting seat and is fixed through the pressing plates at two ends.
Further, the guide units are three groups, two groups are arranged at the upper end of the lens transfer support, and one group is arranged on the side face of the lens transfer support.
Further, a trimming gasket is arranged between the guide block and the movable support.
Further, the guide block is a copper block, and a gap of 0.1mm is arranged between the guide block and the movable support.
Further, a television component is mounted on the mobile support, and the television component comprises an imaging plate, an interface plate, a processing plate, a motor control plate and a television component circuit board mounting frame.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a target surface inclination amount detection method of the movable target surface focusing mechanism, which comprises the following steps:
1) The movable target surface focusing mechanism is arranged on the lifting table, a plane reflecting mirror is arranged at the position where the detector target surface is arranged, and the movable target surface focusing mechanism is adjusted to an initial position;
2) Placing the auto-collimation theodolite at the front end of the plane reflector, and adjusting the base of the auto-collimation theodolite to be parallel to the ground level;
3) Adjusting the auto-collimation theodolite to an auto-collimation state, adjusting the position of a movable target surface focusing mechanism, enabling the auto-collimation theodolite to observe an auto-collimation image reflected by a plane mirror, fine-adjusting the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the auto-collimation theodolite, enabling the auto-collimation image to coincide with a cross differentiation line in the auto-collimation theodolite, and recording the pitch angle theta and the azimuth angle sigma of the auto-collimation theodolite at the moment;
4) Moving the moving target surface focusing mechanism to one side of the target surface of the detector for a certain distance, finely adjusting the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the auto-collimation theodolite to enable the auto-collimation image to coincide with a cross differentiation line in the auto-collimation theodolite, and recording the moving targetMovement amount l of surface focusing mechanism i Pitch angle theta of auto-collimation theodolite i And azimuth angle sigma i ；
5) Repeating the step 4) until the movable target surface focusing mechanism moves to the limit position, and recording each movement amount l of the movable target surface focusing mechanism i Pitch angle theta of auto-collimation theodolite i And azimuth angle sigma i ；
6) Restoring the movable target surface focusing mechanism to an initial position, adjusting the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the auto-collimation theodolite, enabling the auto-collimation image to coincide with a cross differentiation line in the auto-collimation theodolite, and recording the pitch angle theta and the azimuth angle sigma of the auto-collimation theodolite at the moment;
7) Repeating the steps 4) and 5), moving the movable target surface focusing mechanism towards the direction of the lens, and recording the movement m of the movable target surface focusing mechanism i Pitch angle theta of auto-collimation theodolite i And azimuth angle sigma i Since the inclination of the target surface can be adjusted by adjusting the image surface at the initial position of the focusing mechanism, the Δθ is calculated based on the initial position state i ＝θ-θ i ，Δσ i ＝σ-σ i Obtaining the target surface inclination quantity delta theta of the dynamic target surface focusing mechanism i For pitch tilt, Δσ i Is inclined in azimuth.
In addition, the invention also provides a visual axis runout detection method of the moving target surface focusing mechanism, which comprises the following steps:
1) The movable target surface focusing mechanism is arranged on the lifting table, a plane reflecting mirror is arranged at the position where the detector target surface is arranged, and the movable target surface focusing mechanism is adjusted to an initial position;
2) Placing the auto-collimation theodolite at the front end of the plane reflector, and adjusting the base of the auto-collimation theodolite to be parallel to the ground level;
3) Adjusting the auto-collimation theodolite to an auto-collimation state, adjusting the position of a movable target surface focusing mechanism, enabling the auto-collimation theodolite to observe an auto-collimation image reflected by a plane mirror, fine-adjusting the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the auto-collimation theodolite, enabling the auto-collimation image to coincide with a cross differentiation line in the auto-collimation theodolite, and recording the pitch angle theta and the azimuth angle sigma of the auto-collimation theodolite at the moment;
4) The movable target surface focusing mechanism moves to one side of the target surface of the detector for a certain distance, the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the auto-collimation theodolite are finely adjusted, so that the auto-collimation image is overlapped with a cross differentiation line in the auto-collimation theodolite, and the moving amount l of the movable target surface focusing mechanism is recorded i Pitch angle theta of auto-collimation theodolite i And azimuth angle sigma i ；
5) Repeating the step 4) until the movable target surface focusing mechanism moves to the limit position, and recording each movement amount l of the movable target surface focusing mechanism i Pitch angle theta of auto-collimation theodolite i And azimuth angle sigma i ；
6) Restoring the movable target surface focusing mechanism to an initial position, adjusting the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the auto-collimation theodolite, enabling the auto-collimation image to coincide with a cross differentiation line in the auto-collimation theodolite, and recording the pitch angle theta and the azimuth angle sigma of the auto-collimation theodolite at the moment;
7) Repeating the steps 4) and 5), moving the movable target surface focusing mechanism towards the direction of the lens, and recording the movement m of the movable target surface focusing mechanism i Pitch angle theta of auto-collimation theodolite i And azimuth angle sigma i ；
8) Calculating the visual axis shaking amount N when the moving target surface focusing mechanism moves towards the target surface direction of the detector;
Δh 1 ＝L×sin(θ-θ i )，Δh 2 ＝L×sin(σ-σ i )，
total visual axis shaking amount
Wherein: Δh 1 The length of the horizontal shaking is equal to the length of the horizontal shaking;
Δh 2 the length of the vertical shaking is equal to the length of the vertical shaking;
l is the maximum distance between the center of the target surface of the detector and the fulcrum of the guide rail;
N 1 the number of the shaking pixels is the number of the visual axis shaking pixels in the horizontal direction;
N 2 the number of the shaking pixels is the number of the shaking pixels of the visual axis in the vertical direction;
p is the pixel size.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the focusing mechanism is simple in structure, the processing cost of the structure is lower compared with parts such as a focusing cam, and the focusing stroke can be designed to be large enough compared with a piezoelectric ceramic focusing mode; compared with linear focusing, the structure is simple to operate and control, easy to assemble and adjust, simple in assembly test and short in production period.
2. The focusing mechanism is easy to operate, simple to control, high in positioning precision, and can be widely applied to various aerospace photoelectric loads by designing different mounting interfaces (namely lens switching brackets) when being mounted with a lens, and the focusing mode brings small jumping of an optical axis and high focusing precision.
3. According to the invention, the driving and position feedback assembly is subjected to modularized design, the driving load and the control precision of the module are calibrated, the module can be directly selected according to the requirement in the later period, the module can drive 1kg load, the control precision can reach 0.012mm, and the focusing stroke is +/-1.8 mm.
4. The mechanism does not need to consider the axial stress of the motor, avoids the limitation of the axial force on the output torque of the motor, optimizes the transmission ratio of the motor gear and the screw rod gear, and can improve the output torque of the motor.
5. The copper block guide rail in the mechanism is low in price compared with a high-precision linear guide rail, and the fit clearance is smaller than that of the linear guide rail, but the abrasion between the copper block and the guide rail is considered, so that the mechanism is suitable for a device running at a low speed.
6. The detected motion inclination angle can be rechecked by the optical design, and clear imaging is not affected.
7. The invention provides a target surface tilting amount and a visual axis runout detection method brought by the target surface tilting amount in the moving process of a movable target surface focusing mechanism.
8. On the premise of not installing a lens, the invention measures the inclination amount of the target surface in the focusing process, and an optical lens designer determines whether the inclination amount can influence imaging or not through simulation analysis, thereby determining whether the focusing mechanism needs to be adjusted and changed or not.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a movable target surface focusing mechanism in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a guide assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the drive and position feedback assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the mounting of the driving and position feedback assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a television assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for implementing the visual axis runout detection method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the potentiometer gear and drive screw gear drive of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an autofocus operation of the focus mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the change in target tilt angle when the moving target focusing mechanism moves in the direction of the target of the detector;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of the change amount of the target surface inclination angle when the moving target surface focusing mechanism moves towards the lens direction.
Reference numerals: the device comprises a 1-lens switching support, a 2-guiding assembly, a 3-driving and position feedback assembly, a 4-television assembly, a 5-moving support, a 6-auto-collimation theodolite, a 7-moving target surface focusing mechanism, an 8-plane reflector and a 9-lifting platform; the device comprises a guide block 21, a guide rail 22, a limit screw 23, a mounting seat 24, a 25-pressing plate 26, a trimming gasket 301, a motor 302, a potentiometer 303, a front fixing support 304, an angular contact bearing 305, a ball sliding block 306, a ball screw 307, a sliding block fixing support 308, a switching shaft 309, a rear fixing support 310, a driving mounting support 311, a transmission screw gear 312, a motor gear 313, a potentiometer gear 3131, a first potentiometer gear 3132, a second potentiometer gear 41, an imaging plate 42, an interface plate 43, a processing plate 44, a motor control plate 45 and a television component circuit board mounting frame.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and specific examples:
the invention provides a movable target surface focusing mechanism which is driven by a motor, position feedback is provided by a potentiometer, and guiding is provided by a guide rail and a copper block matched with the guide rail. The mechanism is arranged at the rear end of the fixed focus lens, and can compensate the defocusing amount of the lens caused by object distance, temperature difference and the like, so that the lens can clearly image, and the mechanism has the characteristics of high precision, high stability and the like in the focusing process. In addition, the invention also provides a detection method for detecting the target surface inclination amount and the visual axis jumping amount brought by the target surface inclination amount in the focusing process of the focusing mechanism.
As shown in fig. 1, a moving target surface focusing mechanism comprises a lens switching support 1, a movable support 5, a guide assembly 2 for ensuring the focusing movement direction, a driving and position feedback assembly 3 for providing power and feedback for the focusing mechanism, and a television assembly 4 for providing an imaging function.
As shown in fig. 2, the guide assembly 2 includes three sets of guide units disposed on the lens transfer bracket 1, two sets of guide units being disposed at the upper end of the lens transfer bracket 1 and one set of guide units being disposed at the side of the lens transfer bracket 1; the guide unit comprises a guide rail 22 and a guide block 21; the guide rail 22 is fixedly arranged on the lens transfer support 1, and the specific arrangement mode is that six mounting seats 24 and six pressing plates 25 are arranged on the lens transfer support 1, and the guide rail 22 penetrates through the central hole of the mounting seat 24 and is fixed through the pressing plates 25 at two ends. The guide block 21 is mounted on the guide rail 22 and moves on the guide rail 22, and the guide block 21 is fixedly connected with the movable bracket 5, so that the movable bracket 5 can slide along the direction of the guide rail 22 relative to the lens transfer bracket 1. The guide units are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the side surface of the lens transfer support 1, and the installation can ensure the stability of the movement of the movable support 5 and avoid errors caused by installation deviation.
The lens transfer support 1 is provided with the limit screw 23, the limit screw 23 is specifically installed on the pressing plate 25, the limit screw 23 is used for limiting the displacement of the guide block 21, mechanical limit is provided for the movement of the copper block by modifying the length of the limit screw 23, and the limit screw 23 can protect the potentiometer 302 from damage caused by the overlarge displacement.
The guide block 21 is a copper block, a gap of 0.1mm is reserved between the copper block and the movable support 5, a trimming gasket 26 is arranged in the gap, and the perpendicularity of the lens and the target surface of the television assembly 4 can be adjusted by adjusting the gap in the later period. The fit clearance between the copper block and the guide rail 22 is preferably unilateral 0.005mm, and the chamfer deburring is noted at the two ends of the shaft of the guide rail 22 and the two ends of the copper block hole, so that the installation is convenient and the smooth movement is ensured.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the driving and position feedback assembly 3 includes components such as a motor 301, a motor gear 312, a potentiometer 302, a potentiometer gear 313, a transmission screw gear 311, a transfer shaft 308, a ball screw 306, a ball slider 305, a driving mounting bracket 310, a slider fixing bracket 307, an angular contact bearing 304, a front fixing bracket 303, and a rear fixing bracket 309.
The motor 301 is connected with a motor gear 312 and is used for driving the motor gear 312 to rotate; the potentiometer 302 is connected with the potentiometer gear 313 for measuring the rotation amount of the potentiometer gear 313, thereby feeding back the movement amount of the movable bracket 5; the potentiometer gear 313 and the motor gear 312 are respectively meshed with the transmission screw gear 311; the transfer shaft 308 is installed between the ball screw 306 and the rear fixing bracket 309, the mounting mode of the transfer shaft 308 is as follows, one end of the transfer shaft 308 is fixedly connected with the ball screw 306 through a screw, the other end of the transfer shaft is connected with the rear fixing bracket 309 through an angular contact bearing 304, the front fixing bracket 303 and the rear fixing bracket 309 are fixedly connected through a screw, and the rear fixing bracket 309 is fixedly connected with the drive mounting bracket 310 through a screw. The transmission screw gear 311 is connected with the ball screw 306 through the transfer shaft 308, so that the ball screw 306 rotates, the ball screw 306 is connected with the ball sliding block 305, the movement of the ball sliding block 305 is realized, and the ball sliding block 305 is fixedly connected with the movable bracket 5 through the sliding block fixedly connected bracket 307, so that the movement of the movable bracket 5 is realized.
As shown in fig. 7, the potentiometer gear 313 and the transmission screw gear 311 may be driven by adopting a double-gear meshing mode, the potentiometer gear 313 includes a first potentiometer gear 3131 and a second potentiometer gear 3132, the first potentiometer gear 3131 and the second potentiometer gear 3132 are both meshed with the transmission screw gear 311 and are coaxially installed, the gear teeth of the first potentiometer gear 3131 and the second potentiometer gear 3132 are radially offset, the maximum offset angle is not more than 1.2 degrees, and the offset angle is related to the center distance between the potentiometer gear 313 and the transmission screw gear 311, depending on the condition of adjustment. The transmission mechanism is subjected to backlash elimination treatment in a double-gear meshing mode, the transmission backlash is controlled within 0.18 degrees, feedback precision and control errors of three thousandths are considered, namely 360×5×0.003=5.4 degrees, the transmission ratio of the motor gear 312 and the potentiometer gear 313 is designed to be the maximum value 3.4375 allowed by space in consideration of the principle of maximizing the transmission ratio of the motor gear 301 and the potentiometer gear 313, the number of teeth of the motor 301 is 110, the number of teeth of the potentiometer 302 is 32, the modulus is 0.25, the end of the motor 301 is converted to 1.6 degrees, the total control precision is 1.78 degrees, the motor 301 rotates for one circle, the slider moves for 2.5mm, the control precision is about 0.012mm, and the requirement that the focusing precision is not more than 0.03mm is met.
The driving and position feedback assembly 3 is designed in a modularized manner, the driving load and the control precision of the module and the focusing precision are calibrated, the module can be directly selected according to the requirement in the later period, and the position feedback control system adopts the potentiometer 302 to measure the angle displacement information and feeds back the angle displacement information to the motor control board 44 to form feedback control on the motor 301.
As shown in fig. 5, the television assembly 4 is fixedly provided on the moving bracket 5, and the television assembly 4 includes an imaging board 41, an interface board 42, a process board 43, a motor control board 44, and a television assembly circuit board mounting frame 45. The television component can be selected to be of different types according to actual requirements. The television component is an existing device, and any imaging component in the market can be used as the television component with the addition of a motor control board.
The working modes of the invention are as follows:
1. focusing is performed manually: the upper computer sends out a focusing + -instruction when the focusing mechanism is electrified, the motor gear 312 rotates positively during focusing + -and drives the transmission screw gear 311 meshed with the motor gear 312 to rotate, the transmission screw gear 311 rotates the ball screw 306 through the transfer shaft 308, the ball screw 306 is matched with the ball sliding block 305 to convert the rotation motion of the ball screw 306 into the linear motion of the ball sliding block 305, the ball sliding block 305 drives the movable bracket 5 fixedly connected with the movable bracket through the sliding block fixing bracket 307 to move, the television component 4 is arranged on the movable bracket 5, and the relative position movement of the lens and the detector is realized through the movement of the television component 4, so that the focusing is realized; focusing-reverse focusing is achieved.
The operation mode 2 is as shown in fig. 8, auto focusing: the upper computer sends an image definition function to the motor control board 44, after the control board analyzes, the displacement of the target surface to be moved is obtained, the required rotation angle is converted by the screw pitch and the transmission ratio, the motor 301 is controlled to drive the screw to rotate, the rotation angle is achieved, the target surface is moved to a corresponding position, the potentiometer 302 detects and feeds back the rotation angle, and the control board determines whether the target surface reaches a specified angle according to the feedback result.
The assembly of the movable target surface focusing mechanism is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
1. assembling:
(1) The ball sliding block 305 is connected with the sliding block fixing support 307 through 4M 3X6 cylindrical head screws, one end (the sliding block fixing support 307 side) of the ball screw 306 is fixedly connected with the switching shaft 308, the ball sliding block 305 is connected with the ball screw 306 in a matching way, and the screws are glued;
(2) The angular contact bearings 304 are arranged at the corresponding positions of the front fixed bracket 303, so that the bearings are ensured to be compressed and have no play;
(3) Installing the assembly finished in the step (2) to the corresponding position (the side of the ball sliding block 305) of the assembly finished in the step (1), and installing the angular contact bearing 304 on the adapter shaft 308 to compress the assembly, so as to ensure no play;
(4) Installing the screw rod rear support at the corresponding position of the component finished in the step (3) through 3M 3X6, ensuring that the bearing on the transfer shaft 308 passes through the installation hole on the rear fixing support 309, ensuring that the installation is in place, and carrying out glue on the screw;
(5) Mounting the assembly completed in the step (4) to the corresponding position of the driving mounting bracket 310 through 6M 3X6 cylindrical head screws, and then mounting a transmission screw rod gear 311, wherein the screws are mounted with glue;
(6) Mounting the motor 301, the motor gear 312, the potentiometer 302 and the double-meshed potentiometer gear 313 at the corresponding positions of the assembly completed in the step 5, ensuring smooth running of the gears, and completing assembly of the driving and position feedback assembly 3;
(7) The guide rails 22 and the copper blocks are sequentially arranged at the corresponding positions of the lens transfer support 1, the single side of a fit clearance between the guide rails 22 and the copper blocks is not more than 0.005mm, the guide rails 22 and the sliding blocks matched with the guide rails should be marked before installation, and the guide rails 22 and the sliding blocks matched with the guide rails should be assembled according to the marks during installation. Before the guide rail 22 and the copper block are installed, the end face is ensured to be free of burrs, the wall of the hole of the copper block is free of obvious scratches on the outer wall of the guide rail 22, and otherwise, the smoothness of operation is affected;
(8) Mounting a pressing plate 25 and a limit screw 23 on the component completed in the step (7), ensuring that the guide rail 22 does not axially move in the mounting hole of the lens transfer bracket 1, mounting the screw with glue, and smearing low-temperature lubricating grease on the periphery of the guide rail 22;
(9) Mounting the movable bracket 5 of the television assembly 4 on the assembly completed in the step (8), wherein a trimming pad with the thickness of 0.1mm is required to be mounted between each copper block and the mounting surface of the bracket, and the screws are glued, so that the mounting of the guide assembly 2 is completed;
(10) Installing the assembly completed in the step (6) to the corresponding position of the guide assembly 2 through 3M 3X8 screws, and after screwing down the screws, fixedly connecting the driving installation support 310 with the lens transfer support 1 through 4M 4X8 screws, wherein the screws are provided with glue;
(11) Loosening the potentiometer gear 313, enabling the potentiometer gear to be not meshed with the transmission screw gear 311, rotating the transmission screw gear 311, running the copper block to the middle position of the guide rail 22, ensuring that the left and right strokes of the copper block are basically the same, rotating the potentiometer 302 to a position of 2.5 circles, installing the potentiometer gear 313, and ensuring that the meshing is normal; the function of this step is to adjust the feedback start position to be the potentiometer 302 neutral position and ensure that this position is the mounting zero position of the television assembly 4;
(12) The method comprises the steps that when the lead screw gear 311 is rotated in the forward direction until the lead screw gear 311 is rotated still (when the potentiometer 302 is rotated to the head), the lead screw gear 311 rotates in the reverse direction for half a turn, the position of a copper block at the moment is determined, the copper block is mechanically limited by changing the limiting screw 23 of the pressing plate 25 into a corresponding length, and when the lead screw gear 311 is rotated still in the reverse direction, the lead screw gear 311 rotates in the forward direction for half a turn, and the length of the limiting screw 23 at the other end is determined; the positive and negative rotation half turn is to leave a margin for the potentiometer 302, so that the potentiometer 302 does not go to the head when the touch mechanism is limited, and the potentiometer 302 is protected;
(13) And installing all parts of the television assembly 4, and completing the assembly of the movable target surface focusing mechanism 7.
A gap of 0.005mm exists between the copper block of the movable target surface focusing mechanism 7 and the guide rail 22, and the existence of the gap causes the television component 4 to move the bracket 5 to incline when the television component 4 moves forwards and backwards along the optical axis, so that the position of the detector target surface in the television component 4 in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction is deviated, and the reflection is that the visual axis runout is generated in the system focusing process on an image.
The invention provides a method for detecting the inclination of the target surface and the visual axis runout brought by the inclination of the target surface in the moving process of the moving target surface focusing mechanism, which can directly detect the inclination of the target surface and the visual axis runout brought by the inclination in the focusing process of the focusing mechanism without installing a lens.
The invention also provides a target surface inclination amount detection method of the movable target surface focusing mechanism, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1) As shown in fig. 6, the movable target surface focusing mechanism 7 is fixed on the lifting table 9, and a plane mirror is stuck at the position where the detector target surface is installed, so that the movable target surface focusing mechanism 7 is adjusted to the initial position;
2) Placing the autocollimation theodolite 6 at the front end of the plane reflector, and adjusting the base of the autocollimation theodolite 6 to be parallel to the horizontal plane of the ground;
3) Adjusting the autocollimation theodolite 6 to an autocollimation state, adjusting the position of a movable target surface focusing mechanism 7, enabling the autocollimation theodolite 6 to observe an autocollimation image reflected by a plane mirror, finely adjusting the pitching and azimuth angles of the autocollimation theodolite 6, enabling the autocollimation image to coincide with a cross differentiation line in the autocollimation theodolite 6, and recording the pitch angle theta and the azimuth angle sigma of the autocollimation theodolite 6 at the moment;
4) The driving component is electrified, the movable target surface focusing mechanism 7 moves a certain distance to the target surface side of the detector, the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the autocollimation theodolite 6 are finely adjusted, so that the autocollimation coincides with a cross differentiation line in the autocollimation theodolite 6, and the movement of the mechanism can bring about the movement and the inclination of the plane mirror, so that a certain included angle is formed with the initial position of the autocollimation theodolite 6, and the movement quantity l of the movable target surface focusing mechanism 7 is recorded i Pitch angle theta of auto-collimation theodolite 6 i And azimuth angle sigma i ；
5) Repeating the step 4) until the movable target surface focusing mechanism 7 moves to the limit position, and recording each movement amount l of the movable target surface focusing mechanism 7 i Pitch angle theta of auto-collimation theodolite 6 i And azimuth angle sigma i ；
6) Restoring the movable target surface focusing mechanism 7 to an initial position, adjusting the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the auto-collimation theodolite 6 to enable the auto-collimation image to coincide with a cross differentiation line in the auto-collimation theodolite 6, and recording the pitch angle theta and the azimuth angle sigma of the auto-collimation theodolite 6 at the moment;
7) Repeating the steps 4) and 5), moving the movable target surface focusing mechanism 7 towards the direction of the lens, and recording the movement m of the movable target surface focusing mechanism 7 i Pitch angle theta of auto-collimation theodolite 6 i And azimuth angle sigma i The tilt amount of the center of the target surface of the detector can be obtained by calculation, and the tilt of the target surface can be adjusted by adjusting the image surface when the focusing mechanism is at the initial position, so the tilt amount of the target surface in the focusing process, namely delta theta, is calculated based on the initial position state i ＝θ-θ i ，Δσ i ＝σ-σ i Obtaining the target surface inclination quantity delta theta of the dynamic target surface focusing mechanism i Refers to pitch tilt, Δσ i Refers to azimuth tilt.
On the premise of not installing a lens, the invention measures the inclination amount of the target surface in the focusing process, and an optical lens designer determines whether the inclination amount can influence imaging or not through simulation analysis, thereby determining whether the focusing mechanism needs to be adjusted and changed or not.
In addition, the invention also provides a visual axis runout detection method of the movable target surface focusing mechanism, which comprises the steps 1) to 7) of the target surface tilting amount detection method and further comprises the step 8)
8) After the measurement of the steps, the inclination angle generated by the target surface of the detector when the moving target surface focusing mechanism 7 moves is shown as fig. 9 and 10, the farthest distance L between the center of the target surface and the fulcrum of the guide rail 22 is 45mm, and the formula is utilized
Δh 1 ＝L×sin(θ-θ i )，Δh 2 ＝L×sin(σ-σ i )，
Total visual axis shaking amount
Wherein: Δh 1 The length of the horizontal shaking is equal to the length of the horizontal shaking;
Δh 2 the length of the vertical shaking is equal to the length of the vertical shaking;
l is the maximum distance between the center of the detector target surface and the fulcrum of the guide rail 22;
N 1 the number of the shaking pixels is the number of the visual axis shaking pixels in the horizontal direction;
N 2 the number of the shaking pixels is the number of the shaking pixels of the visual axis in the vertical direction;
p is the pixel size, 5.5um.
The calculated image plane offset is shown in tables 1 and 2 when the moving target plane focusing mechanism moves, and the detection data shows that the moving target plane focusing mechanism has small visual axis runout caused by the movement of the moving target plane focusing mechanism and has the characteristics of high precision, stability and reliability.
Table 1 amount of visual axis runout caused by movement of the moving target surface focusing mechanism in the direction of the target surface of the detector
Table 2 amount of visual axis runout caused by moving the moving target surface focusing mechanism in the direction of the lens
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a move target surface focusing mechanism which characterized in that: comprises a lens switching bracket (1), a movable bracket (5), a guiding component (2) and a driving and position feedback component (3);
the guide assembly (2) comprises a plurality of groups of guide units arranged on the lens transfer bracket (1); the guide unit comprises a guide rail (22) and a guide block (21); the guide rail (22) is fixedly arranged on the lens transfer bracket (1), the guide block (21) is arranged on the guide rail (22) and moves on the guide rail (22), and the guide block (21) is fixedly connected with the movable bracket (5);
the driving and position feedback assembly (3) comprises a motor (301), a motor gear (312), a potentiometer (302), a potentiometer gear (313), a transmission screw rod gear (311), a switching shaft (308), a ball screw rod (306), a ball sliding block (305), a driving mounting bracket (310) and a sliding block fixedly connecting bracket (307);
the motor (301) is connected with the motor gear (312) and is used for driving the motor gear (312) to rotate; the potentiometer (302) is connected with the potentiometer gear (313) and is used for measuring the rotation quantity of the potentiometer gear (313); the potentiometer gear (313) and the motor gear (312) are respectively meshed with the transmission screw rod gear (311);
the transmission screw gear (311) is connected with the ball screw (306) through the transfer shaft (308), so that the ball screw (306) rotates, the ball screw (306) is connected with the ball sliding block (305), the movement of the ball sliding block (305) is realized, and the ball sliding block (305) is fixedly connected with the movable support (5) through the sliding block fixedly connected support (307), so that the movement of the movable support (5) is realized.
2. The dynamic target surface focusing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein: the potentiometer gear (313) and the transmission screw gear (311) adopt double-gear meshing mode transmission, the potentiometer gear (313) comprises a first potentiometer gear (3131) and a second potentiometer gear (3132) which are both meshed with the transmission screw gear (311), the first potentiometer gear (3131) and the second potentiometer gear (3132) are coaxially installed, and gear teeth of the first potentiometer gear (3131) and gear teeth of the second potentiometer gear (3132) are staggered in the circumferential direction.
3. The moving target surface focusing mechanism according to claim 2, wherein: the lens transfer support (1) is provided with a limit screw (23), and the limit screw (23) is used for limiting the displacement of the guide block (21) and providing mechanical limit for the focusing mechanism.
4. A moving target surface focusing mechanism according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the driving and position feedback assembly (3) further comprises a front fixing support (303) and a rear fixing support (309), the switching shaft (308) is installed on the front fixing support (303) and the rear fixing support (309) through angular contact bearings (304) arranged at two ends, the front fixing support (303) is fixedly connected with the rear fixing support (309), and the rear fixing support (309) is fixedly connected with the driving installation support (310).
5. The dynamic target surface focusing mechanism according to claim 4, wherein: the lens transfer support (1) is provided with a plurality of mounting seats (24) and a plurality of pressing plates (25), and the guide rail (22) penetrates through the center hole of the mounting seat (24) and is fixed through the pressing plates (25) at two ends.
6. The dynamic target surface focusing mechanism according to claim 5, wherein: the guide units are three groups, two groups are arranged at the upper end of the lens transfer support (1), and one group is arranged on the side face of the lens transfer support (1).
7. The dynamic target surface focusing mechanism according to claim 6, wherein: a trimming gasket (26) is further arranged between the guide block (21) and the movable bracket (5); the guide block (21) is a copper block, and a gap of 0.1mm is arranged between the guide block (21) and the movable support (5).
8. The dynamic target surface focusing mechanism according to claim 7, wherein: the mobile bracket (5) is provided with a television component (4), and the television component (4) comprises an imaging plate (41), an interface plate (42), a processing plate (43), a motor control plate (44) and a television component circuit board mounting frame (45).
9. A target surface tilt amount detection method of the moving target surface focusing mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
1) The movable target surface focusing mechanism is arranged on the lifting table, a plane reflecting mirror is arranged at the position where the detector target surface is arranged, and the movable target surface focusing mechanism is adjusted to an initial position;
2) Placing the auto-collimation theodolite at the front end of the plane reflector, and adjusting the base of the auto-collimation theodolite to be parallel to the ground level;
3) Adjusting the auto-collimation theodolite to an auto-collimation state, adjusting the position of a movable target surface focusing mechanism, enabling the auto-collimation theodolite to observe an auto-collimation image reflected by a plane mirror, fine-adjusting the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the auto-collimation theodolite, enabling the auto-collimation image to coincide with a cross differentiation line in the auto-collimation theodolite, and recording the pitch angle theta and the azimuth angle sigma of the auto-collimation theodolite at the moment;
4) The movable target surface focusing mechanism moves to one side of the target surface of the detector for a certain distance, the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the auto-collimation theodolite are finely adjusted, so that the auto-collimation image is overlapped with a cross differentiation line in the auto-collimation theodolite, and the moving amount l of the movable target surface focusing mechanism is recorded i Pitch angle theta of auto-collimation theodolite i And azimuth angle sigma i ；
5) Repeating the step 4) until the movable target surface focusing mechanism moves to the limit position, and recording each movement amount l of the movable target surface focusing mechanism i Pitch angle theta of auto-collimation theodolite i And azimuth angle sigma i ；
6) Restoring the movable target surface focusing mechanism to an initial position, adjusting the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the auto-collimation theodolite, enabling the auto-collimation image to coincide with a cross differentiation line in the auto-collimation theodolite, and recording the pitch angle theta and the azimuth angle sigma of the auto-collimation theodolite at the moment;
7) Repeating the steps 4) and 5), moving the movable target surface focusing mechanism towards the direction of the lens, and recording the movement m of the movable target surface focusing mechanism i Pitch angle theta of auto-collimation theodolite i And azimuth angle sigma i By calculating delta theta based on the initial position state i ＝θ-θ i ，Δσ i ＝σ-σ i Obtaining the target surface inclination quantity delta theta of the dynamic target surface focusing mechanism i For pitch tilt, Δσ i Is inclined in azimuth.
10. A visual axis runout detection method of a moving target surface focusing mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
1) The movable target surface focusing mechanism is arranged on the lifting table, a plane reflecting mirror is arranged at the position where the detector target surface is arranged, and the movable target surface focusing mechanism is adjusted to an initial position;
2) Placing the auto-collimation theodolite at the front end of the plane reflector, and adjusting the base of the auto-collimation theodolite to be parallel to the ground level;
3) Adjusting the auto-collimation theodolite to an auto-collimation state, adjusting the position of a movable target surface focusing mechanism, enabling the auto-collimation theodolite to observe an auto-collimation image reflected by a plane mirror, fine-adjusting the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the auto-collimation theodolite, enabling the auto-collimation image to coincide with a cross differentiation line in the auto-collimation theodolite, and recording the pitch angle theta and the azimuth angle sigma of the auto-collimation theodolite at the moment;
4) The movable target surface focusing mechanism moves to one side of the target surface of the detector for a certain distance, the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the auto-collimation theodolite are finely adjusted, so that the auto-collimation image is overlapped with a cross differentiation line in the auto-collimation theodolite, and the moving amount l of the movable target surface focusing mechanism is recorded i Pitch angle theta of auto-collimation theodolite i And azimuth angle sigma i ；
5) Repeating the step 4) until the movable target surface focusing mechanism moves to the limit position, and recording each movement amount of the movable target surface focusing mechanisml i Pitch angle theta of auto-collimation theodolite i And azimuth angle sigma i ；
6) Restoring the movable target surface focusing mechanism to an initial position, adjusting the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the auto-collimation theodolite, enabling the auto-collimation image to coincide with a cross differentiation line in the auto-collimation theodolite, and recording the pitch angle theta and the azimuth angle sigma of the auto-collimation theodolite at the moment;
7) Repeating the steps 4) and 5), moving the movable target surface focusing mechanism towards the direction of the lens, and recording the movement m of the movable target surface focusing mechanism i Pitch angle theta of auto-collimation theodolite i And azimuth angle sigma i ；
8) Calculating the visual axis shaking amount N when the moving target surface focusing mechanism moves towards the target surface direction of the detector;
Δh 1 ＝L×sin(θ-θ i )，Δh 2 ＝L×sin(σ-σ i )，
total visual axis shaking amount
Wherein: Δh 1 The length of the horizontal shaking is equal to the length of the horizontal shaking;
Δh 2 the length of the vertical shaking is equal to the length of the vertical shaking;
l is the maximum distance between the center of the target surface of the detector and the fulcrum of the guide rail;
N 1 the number of the shaking pixels is the number of the visual axis shaking pixels in the horizontal direction;
N 2 the number of the shaking pixels is the number of the shaking pixels of the visual axis in the vertical direction;
p is the pixel size.
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| CN109946811B (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2023-09-05 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Quick-response double-view-field switching mechanism |
| CN110954084B (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2021-06-22 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Measuring method of moving lens group attitude measuring device |
| CN111965780B (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2021-05-11 | 济南和普威视光电技术有限公司 | Clearance-eliminating type double-field-of-view infrared thermal imaging lens and using method thereof |
| CN114518631B (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2023-08-18 | 成都极米科技股份有限公司 | Null back elimination method, device, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium |
| CN113237634B (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-05-20 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Zoom lens automatic image surface butt joint and optical axis run-out detection system and method |
| CN113655585B (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2022-08-05 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Method for adjusting and detecting zoom imaging lens |
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