CN108680474A - A kind of measuring concentration of granules in certain device and its measurement method based on modulation scattered light intensity - Google Patents
A kind of measuring concentration of granules in certain device and its measurement method based on modulation scattered light intensity Download PDFInfo
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- CN108680474A CN108680474A CN201810328549.1A CN201810328549A CN108680474A CN 108680474 A CN108680474 A CN 108680474A CN 201810328549 A CN201810328549 A CN 201810328549A CN 108680474 A CN108680474 A CN 108680474A
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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003500 flue dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010022998 Irritability Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- G01N15/075—
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of measuring concentration of granules in certain devices based on modulation scattered light intensity, including laser light source module, photoelectric conversion module, data acquisition module, data processing module and system control module；Laser light source module front end is equipped with collimating element, and photoelectric conversion module is arranged at 15 ° of the small angle of forward direction in region to be measured；Region to be measured is passed through after the collimated element collimation of laser that laser light source module is sent out, particulate matter in region to be measured is scattered incident laser, scattered light intensity is disposed in the reception of the photoelectric conversion module at 15 ° of the angles region Qian Xiang little to be measured, and photoelectric conversion module enters data processing module processing after optical signal is transformed into electric signal after data acquisition module A/D is converted；System control module occurs modulated signal by digital modulation signal generator and carries out Sine Modulated to the laser that laser light source module is sent out.The invention also discloses a kind of measurement methods of the particle concentration based on modulation scattered light intensity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring concentration of granules in certain devices based on modulation scattered light intensity, further relate to above-mentioned measuring device
Based on modulation scattered light intensity to the measurement method of particle concentration, belong to photoelectric detection technology field.
Background technology
The fuel such as coal, oil are largely used in industrial production, the smoke contamination brought is caused by human habitat
Harm is huge.New environmental law comes into effect within 2015, and revised Air Pollution Prevention Law is implemented in full within 2016, substantially
The appearance successively of method strengthens blowdown supervision, will improve air contaminant treatment market entirety liveness.Coal steam-electric plant smoke discharge mark
The intensive appearance of relevant policies that standard is further lowered, minimum discharge transformation market start to start.By being analyzed above it is found that country
Fervent concern and strict requirements are shown for the discharge of industrial smoke-dust, discharge standard is promoted again and again.By to work
Industry dust, flue dust on-line monitoring have become modernization environmental monitoring and environmental science to control effectively to pollution sources
The effective means of management.In order to carry out in real time accurately monitoring, there is an urgent need to can apply the high-tech powder in common industrial occasion
The continuous monitoring analyzer device of dirt.Therefore the new measuring concentration of granules in certain technology of developmental research has critically important scientific meaning and application
Foreground.
Up to the present, people, which have been developed many particle sizing methods based on various different principles and measure, is
System.These measurement methods can substantially be divided into method of perturbation and non-method of perturbation two major classes.Method of perturbation is usually required to particle into pedestrian
Work samples, and on the one hand increases labor intensity, and on the other hand, sampling process will destroy particle Flowing Field.More importantly, it is used as
Can the particle of sample be the ultimate challenge that method of perturbation is used for that particulate matter measurement to encounter with typicalness and representativeness.In addition,
It is required that carrying out the occasion of full field real-time measurement, method of perturbation is clearly helpless.
Non- method of perturbation includes capacitance method, charge method, optical transmission method and light scattering method etc..The basic principle of capacitance method is solid
The dielectric constant of particle is more much bigger than gas, and in test zone, the presence of solid particle is normal by the opposite dielectric for increasing medium
Number, to be that capacitance increases, thus can pass through the measure of the change granule density of measurement capacitance.The problem of this method, is
Whole irritability is relatively low, and easily affected by environment, the change of Particle flow characteristic can also cause the variation of capacitance, so as to cause
Measurement error.Charge method is that particle charges in flow process, and the variation of granule density will cause the quantity of electric charge to generate variation, borrow
This principle can obtain particle concentration.The difficult point of charge method application is humidity, practical physical and chemical property, line size
It can be to the generation of influence charge.After optical transmission method is by measuring the flue gas that laser light contains particulate matter, what light intensity occurred declines
Subtract to measure particle concentration.Optical transmission method measurement accuracy in the measurement range of higher dust concentration is higher, and dense in flue dust
It spends in lower measurement range, measurement result just will appear larger error.The measuring principle of light scattering method is：When light projection arrives
When in measurement object, scattering phenomenon occurs for the molecule in measurement object.It is constant in the property of measuring system and measurement object
Under conditions of, scattered light intensity angle value and granule density are proportional within the scope of a certain concentration.Dust mensuration is usual
It is by measuring dust scattered light intensity, final mass concentration being solved further according to the functional relation between concentration and light intensity value.
Compare optical transmission method, light scattering method measurement accuracy higher in relatively low granule density range, sensitivity also higher.
Traditional measuring concentration of granules in certain device, laser light source is using stable luminous intensity measurement, i.e., collected light intensity
Signal is a direct current biasing, and such mode is easy to be influenced by many factors, and then by error propagation to particulate matter
The measured value of concentration.The measurement of concentration depends on the measurement of scattered light intensity, and stablizes the big of scattered light intensity under incident intensity
It is small directly to be reflected by direct current biasing size, thus the variation of light intensity of incident light influences whether the variation of scattered light intensity, and then influence
To measurement result.Incident intensity may be by being influenced to be mainly derived from two aspects：1. the mechanical oscillation of light path system cause
Incident light source light intensity variation；2. natural light is coupling in 50Hz Hz noises in light intensity of incident light, influence to scatter the change of light light intensity
Change.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of particulate matter based on modulation scattered light intensity is dense
Spend measuring device.
It is dense to particulate matter based on modulation scattered light intensity that the present invention also technical problems to be solved are to provide above-mentioned measuring device
The measurement method of degree, this method can greatly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of measuring signal, be suitable for realizing particulate matter in industry spot
The monitoring of concentration.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of measuring concentration of granules in certain device based on modulation scattered light intensity, including laser light source module, opto-electronic conversion mould
Block, data acquisition module, data processing module and system control module；The laser light source module front end is equipped with collimating element,
The photoelectric conversion module is arranged at 15 ° of the small angle of forward direction in region to be measured；The collimated member of laser that laser light source module is sent out
Region to be measured, the particulate matter in region to be measured is passed through to be scattered incident laser after part collimation, scattered light intensity, which is disposed in, to be waited for
The photoelectric conversion module surveyed at 15 ° of the region angles Qian Xiang little receives, and photoelectric conversion module passes through after optical signal is transformed into electric signal
Enter data processing module after data acquisition module A/D conversions to handle；The system control module is sent out by digital modulation signals
Raw device occurs modulated signal and carries out Sine Modulated to the laser that laser light source module is sent out.
Wherein, the laser light source module includes signal conditioning circuit, temperature monitoring circuit and laser diode；Additional mould
Quasi- modulated signal is controlled the voltage for inputing to laser diode within the required range by signal conditioning circuit, and signal tune
Voltage is converted to the magnitude of current and is added on laser diode by reason circuit, is modulated signal to make laser diode transmitting light intensity
Laser；Temperature monitoring circuit carries out monitoring temperature using thermistor to laser diode, passes through voltage comparator and simulation
Switch turns off electric current on laser diode in time, to prevent the excessively high damage of laser diode temperature.
Wherein, the photoelectric conversion module includes photodiode and signal amplification circuit；Photodiode receives light letter
Number generate weak current, by signal amplification circuit conversion be enlarged into analog voltage signal output, output analog voltage signal with
Optical signal form is consistent.
Wherein, the target sinusoidal signal that system control module is sent out is converted into inputting after analog signal and swash by D/A modules
Radiant module signal conditioning circuit connection laser diode and is modulated its light extraction in laser light source module；It is described to swash
Optical diode is also protected by temperature monitoring circuit simultaneously, and temperature monitoring circuit is superimposed upon laser two by analog switch control
Signal in pole pipe.
Wherein, the data acquisition module, data processing module and system control module are integrated in FPGA functional chips
On, realize that the advantage of measurement scheme is that the FPGA speeds of service are fast using FPGA, core frequency can be to hundreds of M；FPGA is parallel
The mode of processing has great advantage for the digital servo-control algorithm for extracting light intensity amplitude；The more integrated levels of FPGA pins are high, resource
It is abundant, realize large scale measurement system convenient for connection peripheral hardware；FPGA itself can be convenient for equipment later maintenance and liter to hardware programming
Grade.
The measurement method of the above-mentioned measuring concentration of granules in certain device based on modulation scattered light intensity, specifically comprises the following steps：
Step 1, measuring device is built；
Step 2, using the digital modulation signal generator based on FPGA and DDS modulated signal pair occurs for system control module
The laser that laser light source module is sent out carries out Sine Modulated, will inject area to be measured after the collimated element collimation of modulated laser
Domain；
Step 3, the modulation laser of step 2 passes through region to be measured, endoparticle object in region to be measured to be scattered incident light, dissipates
Light is penetrated to be received to the photoelectric conversion module arranged at 15 ° of small angle by preceding；
Step 3, photoelectric conversion module transforms into scattered light signal after electric signal after data acquisition module A/D conversions
Into data processing module processing；Data processing module carries out digital servo-control, low-pass filtering treatment to scattered light signal, obtains light
Strong amplitude signal, light intensity-concentration correspondence by demarcating completion in advance obtain candidate particles object concentration.
Advantageous effect：Measuring concentration of granules in certain method of the present invention can not only carry out measurement object at a distance, in real time to exist
Line measures, moreover it is possible to directly obtain gas and dust characters；In addition, this method belongs to unperturbed measurement, target object is not generated any
Interference effect, it is reproducible；Finally, measurement method of the present invention, which is modulated incident intensity, effectively to inhibit constant intensity can
The interference effect that can be subject to, the light intensity variation as caused by mechanical oscillation, 50Hz the low-frequency disturbances such as power frequency component, using high frequency modulation
Light intensity signal processed substantially increases the signal-to-noise ratio of scattered light signal.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the systematic schematic diagram of measuring device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the DDS signal occurring principle figures of modulated signal in measurement method of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is laser light source module circuit diagram in measuring device of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that particle concentration solves flow chart of data processing figure in measurement method of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is described further below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is based on the measuring concentration of granules in certain device of modulation scattered light intensity, including laser light source mould
Block, photoelectric conversion module, data acquisition module, data processing module and system control module；Laser light source module includes laser
Diode, signal conditioning circuit and temperature monitoring circuit；Photoelectric conversion module includes photodiode and signal amplification circuit；Number
According to acquisition module, data processing module and control module be based on FPGA realize, i.e., data acquisition module, data processing module and
Control module is integrated on FPGA functional chips；After candidate particles object enters measured zone, FPGA is occurred just by DDS technologies
String signal is modulated laser light source, laser particulate matter in region to be measured, region to be measured after collimating element collimates
Laser is scattered, photoelectric conversion module reception on 15 degree of small angle before scattered light intensity is disposed in, photoelectric conversion module
Enter data processing module after data acquisition module A/D conversions after converting optical signal into electric signal.
The present invention is based on the measuring concentration of granules in certain methods of modulation scattered light intensity, include the following steps：
Step 1, modulated signal is occurred using DDS technologies and Sine Modulated is carried out to the laser that laser light source module is sent out, it will
It is directed at region to be measured after the modulated collimated element collimation of light；
Sinusoidal signal waveform is deposited first as shown in Fig. 2, modulated signal occurs using DDS digital modulation signal generators
Storage adjusts signal accuracy in ROM, and by the data bits of storage；Output can be adjusted by inputting the clock frequency of ROM
Signal frequency, different clock signals can be divided by frequency divider and be generated；The data parallel of ROM storages inputs D/A, is believed by number
Number analog signal is converted to, into analog circuit；Signal conditioning circuit in the output end and laser light source module of analog circuit
Input terminal connects；
The circuit diagram of laser light source module by DDS modes as shown in figure 3, occur target sinusoidal signal, and pass through D/A
Module is converted to analog signal, after be applied on laser diode by signal conditioning circuit；DDS occur range of signal -5~
It in 5V, needs by one section of modulate circuit, signal amplitude is adjusted to suitable range to correspond to the parameter request of laser tube.It examines
Consider the light source in the convenience selection visible-range of light path calibration, therefore selects wavelength 658nm laser diodes as survey
Measure light source, the light intensity power of laser diode is by current control thereon is added in, and it is directly proportional to electric current to send out light intensity, therefore placement
The purpose of signal conditioning circuit is exactly to control voltage in suitable range, and voltage is converted to the magnitude of current and is added in laser
On diode；Signal conditioning circuit should be noted that avoiding electric current from crossing small laser luminous intensity not enough influences to measure, and avoids electric current mistake
It is more than greatly laser diode rated range, burns out diode, therefore also need to setting temperature monitoring circuit, utilizes thermistor pair
Laser diode temperature is monitored, and prevents the excessively high damage of laser diode temperature, thermistor from passing through electricity to the measurement of temperature
Pressure reflection, then by comparing device compared with the threshold voltage of setting, to realize the purpose compared with preset temperature, comparison result
Voltage in order to control is converted, analog switch is controlled, so that when temperature is more than set temperature, shutdown is superimposed upon above laser diode
Signal.
Laser light source light intensity is modulated using sinusoidal signal, then incident intensity signal I0It can be expressed as：
In formula, f1To modulate laser frequency, A is signal amplitude,For signal phase angle, it is typically chosen higher frequency
Inhibit other noises.
Various noises can be introduced in measurement process, mainly there are mechanical oscillation and Hz noise in source, by these noise synthesis
Consider, then incident intensity signal can be expressed as：
In formula, f1To modulate laser frequency, f2For the noise frequency that mechanical oscillation, Hz noise etc. cause to come, C is possible
Existing direct current biasing.
Step 2, it passes through region to be measured, region endoparticle object to be scattered incident light the modulation light of step 1, scatters light
It is received to the photoelectric conversion module arranged at 15 ° of small angle by preceding；
Light signal collection angle is to the reason of 15 ° of small angles for before：Lambda1-wavelength is smaller, and scattered energy gets over integrated distribution
In the smaller range of angle of scattering.Influence very little of the variation of refractive index to light intensity, is surveyed in particular for similar particulate matter
Amount, error caused by refractive index can be disregarded, when measurement object is PM2.5 particles, scattered light intensity distribution be concentrated mainly on before to
In low-angle, arrange that photodetector may detect relatively complete scattering optical information on forward direction low-angle at this time, to
Realize the purpose of measurement of concetration.
Step 3, the scattered light signal of photoelectric conversion module output is acquired and completes analog-digital conversion process, by acquisition
Data-signal is sent into data processing module, and digital servo-control, low-pass filtering process are carried out to scattered light signal, obtains light intensity amplitude letter
Number, light intensity-concentration correspondence by demarcating completion in advance obtains candidate particles object concentration, and measurement result is passed through display screen
Display.
The problem of extraction for effective amplitude in scattered light intensity signal is actually an extraction compound amplitude.Locking phase is put
Big technology can be used in measuring faint continuous cycles signal and have higher signal-to-noise ratio, be widely used in every field
Signal detection in, particle concentration derivation algorithm flow chart is as shown in Figure 4.
After light intensity is modulated, scattered light intensity is similarly modulated signal, and complete Mie theories can be expressed as one
Mathematical progression, it includes all particle sizes；The first item of this series is equivalent to Rayleigh scattering formulas, thus particle compared with
Hour, Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering phases within 1%, give angle of departure scattered light intensity expression formula than its error：
Scattering is noncoherent under normal circumstances, and the scattering of each particle can be added, therefore be set when particle number concentration is N,
The light intensity I of collected total scattering has using above formula：
Particle number concentration and mass concentration have following relationship：
W is mass concentration, so having：
In measurement process, optical source wavelength λ, average grain diameter d, grain density ρ, refractive index m and measurement angle θ are fixed
Value.It can be seen that removing incident intensity I0With outside mass concentration W remaining can be considered definite value K, therefore photodiode receives
Centainly the scattered light intensity of solid angle is：
I=KI0W (7)
And due to being modulated to incident intensity, incident intensity I0It is represented by the form of formula (2), therefore is had：
Processing procedure for collected total scattering light intensity is, respectively the reference signal mutually orthogonal with two be multiplied and
With measured signal with frequency, the signal after multiplication filters out high fdrequency component by low-pass filter, width is obtained after quadratic sum reference signal
Value information, concrete processing procedure are as follows：
Collected total scattering light intensity signal is multiplied by respectively is with reference to after sinusoidal, cosine signal：
The high fdrequency component in formula (6), (7) is filtered out after low-pass filter, including frequency is f1Harmonic component, frequency
For f2Harmonic component, frequency 2f2Harmonic component, frequency 2f1Harmonic component, frequency f1-f2Harmonic component, frequency
Rate is f1+f2Harmonic component, only retain DC quantity, result is as follows after filtering：
Result after filtering is sought into quadratic sum and carries out extracting operation, you can acquires final scattered light intensity demodulation result：
In incident intensity I0One timing of modulation parameter, modulation amplitude A is definite value, from the above equation, we can see that total scattering light intensity is in f1Frequently
Harmonic component amplitude and mass concentration W at rate are proportional, while avoiding the influence of noise and DC component.Cause
This can obtain candidate particles object concentration by demarcating light intensity-concentration correspondence of completion in advance.The particle concentration of the present invention
Measurement method is suitable for realizing tail gas in severe industry spot in combination with Mie scattering theories and laser modulation technique
The monitoring of grain object minimum discharge.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of measuring concentration of granules in certain device based on modulation scattered light intensity, it is characterised in that：Including laser light source module, light
Electric conversion module, data acquisition module, data processing module and system control module；The laser light source module front end is equipped with standard
Straight element, the photoelectric conversion module are arranged at 15 ° of the small angle of forward direction in region to be measured；The laser warp that laser light source module is sent out
Region to be measured, the particulate matter in region to be measured is passed through to be scattered incident laser after collimating element collimation, scattered light intensity is by cloth
It sets the photoelectric conversion module at 15 ° of angles region Qian Xiang little to be measured to receive, optical signal is transformed into telecommunications by photoelectric conversion module
Enter data processing module after data acquisition module A/D conversions after number to handle；The system control module passes through digital modulation
Signal generator occurs modulated signal and carries out Sine Modulated to the laser that laser light source module is sent out.
2. the measuring concentration of granules in certain device according to claim 1 based on modulation scattered light intensity, it is characterised in that：It is described
Laser light source module includes signal conditioning circuit, temperature monitoring circuit and laser diode；Signal conditioning circuit is by analog-modulated
Signal voltage controls within the required range, and it is to adjust that voltage, which is converted to the magnitude of current and is added on laser diode to emit light intensity,
The laser of signal processed；Temperature monitoring circuit carries out monitoring temperature using thermistor to laser diode.
3. the measuring concentration of granules in certain device according to claim 1 based on modulation scattered light intensity, it is characterised in that：It is described
Photoelectric conversion module includes photodiode and signal amplification circuit；Photodiode receives optical signal and generates weak current, warp
It crosses signal amplification circuit and is converted to analog voltage signal output.
4. the measuring concentration of granules in certain device according to claim 1 based on modulation scattered light intensity, it is characterised in that：System
The target sinusoidal signal that control module is sent out is converted into inputting laser light source module, laser light after analog signal by D/A modules
Signal conditioning circuit connects laser diode and is modulated to its light extraction in source module；The laser diode simultaneously also by
The protection of temperature monitoring circuit, temperature monitoring circuit are superimposed upon the signal on laser diode by analog switch control.
5. the measuring concentration of granules in certain device according to claim 1 based on modulation scattered light intensity, it is characterised in that：It is described
Data acquisition module, data processing module and system control module are integrated on FPGA functional chips.
6. a kind of measurement method of the measuring concentration of granules in certain device based on modulation scattered light intensity described in claim 1, feature
It is, specifically comprises the following steps：
Step 1, measuring device is built；
Step 2, using the digital modulation signal generator based on FPGA and DDS modulated signal occurs for system control module to laser
The laser that light source module is sent out carries out Sine Modulated, will inject region to be measured after the collimated element collimation of modulated laser；
Step 3, the modulation laser of step 2 passes through region to be measured, endoparticle object in region to be measured to be scattered incident light, scatters light
It is received to the photoelectric conversion module arranged at 15 ° of small angle by preceding；
Step 4, scattered light signal is transformed into after electric signal after data acquisition module A/D conversions and is entered by photoelectric conversion module
Data processing module processing；Data processing module carries out digital servo-control, low-pass filtering treatment to scattered light signal, obtains light intensity width
Value signal, light intensity-concentration correspondence by demarcating completion in advance obtain candidate particles object concentration.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109596491A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-09 | 荆门博谦信息科技有限公司 | Aerosol detection method and device |
| CN109813639A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-05-28 | 东南大学 | A kind of particulate matter based on infrared light modulation techniques and gas concentration synchronous measuring apparatus and its measurement method |
| CN110296918A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-01 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of diesel engine discharged particle concentration on-line measuring device and detection method |
| CN110411929A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-05 | 广州昊致电气自动化有限公司 | Monitor for insulation oveheat of generater and detection method based on laser light scattering principle |
| CN110530766A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-12-03 | 武汉四方光电科技有限公司 | A kind of measuring concentration of granules in certain method and device |
| CN111398324A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-10 | 深圳晶泰科技有限公司 | Diffraction peak calibration method for powder X-ray diffraction spectrum |
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| CN114441391A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-05-06 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | Integrated system for atmospheric single-particle laser scattering online monitoring |
| CN115290518A (en) * | 2022-10-10 | 2022-11-04 | 张家港谱析传感科技有限公司 | Take particle size spectrometer of self calibration |
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