A kind of quinoline and its application in diabetes
Technical field
A kind of application the present invention relates to quinoline and its in diabetes.
Background technology
Diabetes be since the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin causes blood glucose rise, to cause serious complication,
Eventually lead to the disabled or dead disease for seriously threatening human health.Traditional hypoglycemic medicine type is various, is broadly divided into pancreas
Island element sensitizer (such as biguanides, thiazolidinediones etc.) and Insulin secretagogues (such as sulfonylurea and non-sulphonyl class medicine
Object), etc..But these drugs can not prevent the deterioration of diabetes, and there is weight gain, the toxic side effects such as hypoglycemia
And drug effect the problem of finally losing.Thus, novel antidiabetic medicine is developed, it is to compel to prevent even reverse disease deterioration
The task of the eyebrows and eyelashes.
Dipeptidyl peptidase (DipeptidylpeptidaseIV, DPP-4) is a kind of sugared egg being distributed widely in human body
In vain, it is functionally similar to serine protease, by making its inactivation to the shearing of polypeptide, to reach the work of regulation of physiological functions
With.DPP-4 is constant to the shearing position of substrate, is the proline or alanine of its N-terminal penultimate.Glucagon
Peptide -1 (Glucagon-likepeptide-1, GLP-1) is a kind of endogenic hormone, with the raising of postprandial blood sugar, by small
L cells secretion in intestines generates, and then stimulates the secretion of insulin.Therefore, the secretion of GLP-1 and the close phase of the intake of blood glucose
It closes.Therapeutic scheme based on GLP-1 can efficiently control blood glucose without putting on weight, and it is bad anti-not will produce hypoglycemia etc.
It answers.But substrates of the GLP-1 as DPP-4, half-life period is very short, will rapidly be sheared by DPP-4 within 1-2 minutes after secretion,
Inactivation.Therefore the strategy of two kinds of new drug developments may be used in the mechanism of action based on GLP-1:Develop the GLP-1 classes of DPP-4 tolerances
Like object and exploitation DPP-4 inhibitor.
DPP-4 inhibitor reduces the catalytic activity of enzyme by competitive binding DPP-4 active sites, internal to increase
The amount of GLP-1 and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, glucose-dependentinsulinotropicpeptide) reach
To the effect for promoting insulin secretion.DPP-4 inhibitor is stably controlled blood glucose, improves β cell functions, and will not cause to suffer from
The increase of person's weight, and risk of hypoglycemia is can avoid, there is significant advantage in terms of drug safety, be one kind has foreground very much
Drug.From after the crystal structure report of DPP-4 in 2003, many new construction types, potent, high selectivity DPP-4 suppressions
Preparation lists in succession.Currently, the important directions structure that the DPP-4 inhibitor of different structure becomes hypoglycemic medicine exploitation is new
The exploitation of clever, potent DPP-4 inhibitor compounds is of great significance to the treatment of diabetes.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of compounds of new construction type, specially quinoline or its medicine as shown in formula I
Acceptable salt, ester, stereoisomer, solvated compounds on,
Wherein, R1、R2、R3、R4And R5It is independently selected from H or CF3。
The quinoline as shown in formula I is preferably:
The present invention also provides the synthetic method of the quinoline as shown in formula I, synthetic route is:
Its specific synthesis step is:
1) the bromo- quinoline -4- formaldehyde (compound 1) of 8- and 4- methyl -3- oxopentanoic acid methyl esters (compound 2) are in pyridine, ice
In the presence of acetic acid, aldol reaction occurs in a suitable solvent and generates (Z) -2- ((the bromo- quinoline -2- bases of 8-) methylene) -
4- methyl -3- oxopentanoic acid methyl esters (compound 3);
2) with (Z) -3- amino -4- methyl amyl- 2- olefin(e) acids ethyl ester condensation reaction occurs for compound 3, generates 4- (the bromo- quinolines of 8-
Quinoline -2- bases) -2,6- diisopropyl -1,4- dihydropyridine -3,5- dicarboxylates (compound 4);
3) compound 4 is generated in dichloromethane under the conditions of 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) is existing
4- ((the bromo- quinoline -2- bases of 8-) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridine -3,5- dicarboxylates (compound 5);
4) in the presence of an inorganic base, compound 5 reacts with corresponding boric acid and generates corresponding product.
Further, the solvent in the step 1) can be IPA (isopropanol), hexamethylene, benzene, toluene, dimethylbenzene etc.
And its mixture, preferred isopropanol.
Further, the inorganic base in the step 4) can be sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium acetate, preferably sodium carbonate.
The present invention also provides described, and quinoline or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as shown in formula I are preparing people
Application in DPP-4 inhibitor.
The present invention also provides described, and quinoline or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as shown in formula I are preparing use
In treating and/or prevent the application in the drug of adult-onset diabetes, hyperglycemia or insulin resistance.
The present invention also provides a kind of pharmaceutical compositions, including the quinoline as shown in formula I and/or its pharmaceutically may be used
The salt of receiving and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
Medicine group can be made with pharmaceutically various typical additives (such as diluent and excipient) in the compound of the present invention
Close object.According to therapeutic purposes, pharmaceutical composition can be made to various types of administration unit dosage forms, as tablet, pill, pulvis,
Liquid, suspension, lotion, granule, capsule, suppository and injection (solution and suspension) etc..
In order to make the pharmaceutical composition of tablet form shape, it can be used this field any of and widely used figuration
Agent.For example, carrier, such as lactose, white sugar, sodium chloride, glucose, urea, starch, calcium carbonate, kaolin, avicel cellulose and silicon
Acid etc.;Adhesive, such as water, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, common syrup, glucose solution, starch solution, penetrating judgment solution, carboxymethyl cellulose
Element, lac, methylcellulose and potassium phosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone etc.;Disintegrant, such as dried starch, mosanom, agar powder and sea
Band powder, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, the aliphatic ester of polyethylene sorbitan, lauryl sodium sulfate, stearic acid monoglycerides,
Starch and lactose etc.;Disintegration inhibitor, such as white sugar, glycerol tristearate, coconut oil and hydrogenated oil and fat;Adsorption enhancer, such as season
Amine base and lauryl sodium sulfate etc.;Wetting agent, such as glycerine, starch;Adsorbent, such as starch, lactose, kaolin, bentonite
With colloid silicic acid etc.;And lubricant, such as pure talcum, stearate, boric acid powder and polyethylene glycol etc..If necessary
Words can also use common coated material to make tablet as sugar coated tablet, painting gelatin film tablet, enteric coated tablets, film coated tablets, double
Tunic tablet and multilayer tablet.
In order to make the pharmaceutical composition of pill shape, it can be used this field any of and widely used inborn nature
Agent, for example, carrier, such as lactose, starch, coconut oil, hardened vegetable oils, kaolin and talcum etc.;Adhesive, such as gum arabic
Powder, Huang write rubber powder, gelatin and ethyl alcohol etc.;Disintegrant, such as agar and Kelp Powder.
In order to make the pharmaceutical composition of suppository form shape, it can be used this field any known and widely used inborn nature
Agent, for example, polyethylene glycol, coconut oil, higher alcohol, the ester of higher alcohol, gelatin and semi-synthetic glyceride etc..
, can be by solution and suspension liquid disinfectant in order to prepare the pharmaceutical composition of injection form, and it is preferably added suitable chlorine
Change sodium, glucose or glycerine etc. are made and the isotonic injection of blood.When preparing injection, it is possible to use in the art any
Common carrier.For example, water, ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol, the isooctadecanol of ethoxylation, the isooctadecanol and polyethylene of polyoxy
The aliphatic ester etc. of anhydro sorbitol.In addition, common lytic agent, buffer and analgesic etc. can also be added.As needed, exist
During treating schizophrenia, colorant, preservative, fragrance, flavoring agent, sweetening agent and other medicines etc. can also be added.
In the present invention, the medication of the pharmaceutical composition is not particularly limited.Can according to patient age, gender and
Other conditions and symptom select the preparation of various dosage forms to be administered.For example, tablet, pill, solution, suspension, lotion, granule
It is oral medication with capsule;Injection can be administered alone, or (such as glucose solution and amino acid are molten with injection conveying liquid
Liquid) it is mixed into row vein injection, muscle can be carried out with injection, inject in intradermal, subcutaneous or abdomen merely if necessary;Suppository is
It is administered into rectum.
In the present invention, use can be properly selected according to method of administration, patient age, gender and other conditions and symptom
Pharmaceutical quantities.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1:4- (8- (1- cyclohexylvinyls)-quinoline -2- bases) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridine -3,5- dioctyl phthalate
The synthesis of diethylester
1, the synthesis of (Z) -2- ((the bromo- quinoline -2- bases of 8-) methylene) -4- methyl -3- oxopentanoic acid methyl esters
Bromo- quinoline -4- the formaldehyde (compound 1) of 8- are put into the 150mL round-bottomed flasks equipped with magnetic stirring apparatus
(8.50g, 36.00mmol), 4- methyl -3- oxopentanoic acid methyl esters (compound 2) (5.70g, 36.03mmol), isopropanol
(21.1mL), piperidines (2.2mL) and glacial acetic acid (1.2mL).By reaction mixture, stirring 12 is small in nitrogen environment at room temperature
When.Solvent is removed under reduced pressure.Residue with dichloromethane (13.88mL) dissolve and be saturated NaHCO3(3*30mL) solution washs,
With anhydrous MgSO4After drying, it is filtered to remove MgSO4,After solvent is concentrated under reduced pressure, flash column chromatography separation obtains off-white powder
(Z) -2- ((the bromo- quinoline -2- bases of 8-) methylene) -4- methyl -3- oxopentanoic acid methyl esters (compound 3), 12.05g, yield
89%.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.06(d,6H),1.26(t,3H),3.16(m,1H),4.19(q,2H),6.66(d,
1H),7.21-7.29(m,2H),8.23(s,1H),8.37(dd,1H),8.90(d,1H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:
14.68,17.91,36.61,61.45,117.34,119.79,125.34,126.33,126.81,131.04,137.35,
138.5,138.51,148.6,150.13,167.31,207.34.LC-MS(ESI,pos,ion)m/z:377[M+H].
2, the synthesis of 4- (the bromo- quinoline -2- bases of 8-) -2,6- diisopropyl -1,4- dihydropyridine -3,5- dicarboxylates
Into the 2L round-bottomed flasks equipped with magnetic stirring apparatus and condenser be added compound 3 (12.05g,
32.04mmol), the amyl- 2- olefin(e) acids ethyl ester (5.38g, 34.21mmol) of (Z) -3- amino -4- methyl and absolute ethyl alcohol (28.5mL).
Reaction mixture is heated to reflux and is stirred 8.5 hours in nitrogen environment.Solvent distillation reaches 170 DEG C until pot temperature.Then
Reaction mixture is stirred 2 hours at 170~173 DEG C and is subsequently cooled to 60 DEG C.Hexane (36.1mL) is added.By acquired solution
It is gradually decreased to room temperature and stirs 0.5 hour, filtering obtains after hexane (3*20mL) washs and is sucked and dried 12 hours at room temperature
To yellow solid 4- (the bromo- quinoline -2- bases of 8-) -2,6- diisopropyl -1,4- dihydropyridine -3,5- dicarboxylate (chemical combination
Object 4), 10.57g, yield 64%.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.14-1.18(m,18H),2.38(m,2H),4.01(q,
4H),4.78(s,1H),7.25-7.29(m,2H),7.94(dd,1H),8.34(dd,1H),8.88(d,1H),9.56(s,1H)
.13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:14.68,21.57,29.05,34.84,61.45,93.37,118.8,121.58,
126.48,126.64,136.27,137.51,139.71,149.3,150.78,160,168.78.LC-MS(ESI,pos,ion)
m/z:516[M+H].
3, the 4- (synthesis of (the bromo- quinoline -2- bases of 8-) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridine -3,5- dicarboxylates
In the 3L round-bottomed flasks equipped with mechanical agitator and condenser place compound 4 (10.57g,
20.51mmol), dichloromethane (1.7lmL) and 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) (4.69g,
20.64mmol), then reaction is stirred at room temperature 1 hour, after the completion of reaction, reaction mixture is passed through into silicagel pad
(11.85g) is filtered, and is washed with dichloromethane (3*35mL), and filtrate decompression is concentrated to dryness, and will be dried in vacuo at 45 DEG C of obtained solid
Two hours, obtaining bright yellow solid 4-, ((the bromo- quinoline -2- bases of 8-) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridines -3,5- dicarboxylate (was changed
Close object 5), 9.69g, yield 92%.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.30(m,18H),3.44(m,2H),4.21(q,4H),
7.29(t,1H),7.70(d,1H),7.78(dd,1H),8.37(dd,1H),9.21(d,1H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)
δ:14.68,20.68,32.06,61.22,117.6,122.31,123.24,125.9,126.76,133.25,134.2,
142.9,144.65,148.76,149.99,163.18,168.24.LC-MS(ESI,pos,ion)m/z:514[M+H].
4,4- (8- (1- cyclohexylvinyls)-quinoline -2- bases) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridine -3,5- dicarboxylates
Synthesis
By (1- cyclohexylvinyls) boric acid (3.02g, 19.60mmol), compound 5 (9.69g, 18.87mmol),
Na2CO3(6.23g, 58.8mmol), DME (31.75mL) and H2O (7.83mL) is added in 100mL microwave vials.Bottle N2
Degassing 1 hour, is then added PdCl2(dppf)CH2Cl2(1.73g, 2.35mmol) adduct.It is by microwave irradiation that reaction is mixed
Object is closed to heat 2 hours at 120 DEG C.Obtained mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and is filtered by diatomite, is then concentrated in vacuo.
By purified by flash chromatography, uses 0-100% ethyl acetate/heptanes as eluant, eluent, obtain off-white powder 4- (8- (1- rings
Hexyl vinyl)-quinoline -2- bases) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridine -3,5- dicarboxylates, 7.37g, yield 72%.1H-
NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.12-1.31(m,21H),1.60(m,1H),1.81(m,2H),2.59-2.73(m,3H),
3.44(m,2H),4.14-4.23(m,6H),4.84(d,1H),5.08(d,1H),7.48(t,1H),7.64-7.69(m,2H),
8.39(dd,dd,1H),9.09(d,1H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:14.68,20.68,25.15,25.92,
31.77,32.06,44.39,61.22,118.46,122.7,124.54,125.9,126.61,126.93,137.02,
137.22,142.9,146.02,149.66,154.13,155.32,163.18,168.24.LC-MS(ESI,pos,ion)m/z:
543[M+H]。
Embodiment 2:4- (8- (2- trifluoromethyl cyclohexyl -1- vinyl)-quinoline -2- bases) -2,6- diisopropyls pyridine -
The synthesis of 3,5- dicarboxylates
By (1- (2- trifluoromethyls cyclohexyl) vinyl) boric acid (19.60mmol), compound 5 (9.69g,
18.87mmol), Na2CO3(6.23g, 58.8mmol), DME (31.75mL) and H2O (7.83mL) is added to 100mL microwave vials
In.Bottle N2Degassing 1 hour, is then added PdCl2(dppf)CH2Cl2(1.73g, 2.35mmol) adduct.Pass through microwave
Irradiation heats reaction mixture 2 hours at 120 DEG C.Obtained mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and is filtered by diatomite,
Then it is concentrated in vacuo.By purified by flash chromatography, uses 0-100% ethyl acetate/heptanes as eluant, eluent, it is solid to obtain off-white color
Body 4- (8- (2- trifluoromethyl cyclohexyl -1- vinyl)-quinoline -2- bases) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridine -3,5- dicarboxylics
Ester, 10.26g, yield 89%.LC-MS(ESI,pos,ion)m/z:611[M+H].
Embodiment 3:4- (8- (4- trifluoromethyl cyclohexyl -1- vinyl)-quinoline -2- bases) -2,6- diisopropyls pyridine -
The synthesis of 3,5- dicarboxylates
By (1- (4- trifluoromethyls cyclohexyl) vinyl) boric acid (19.60mmol), compound 5 (9.69g,
18.87mmol), Na2CO3(6.23g, 58.8mmol), DME (31.75mL) and H2O (7.83mL) is added to 100mL microwave vials
In.Bottle N2Degassing 1 hour, is then added PdCl2(dppf)CH2Cl2(1.73g, 2.35mmol) adduct.Pass through microwave
Irradiation heats reaction mixture 2 hours at 120 DEG C.Obtained mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and is filtered by diatomite,
Then it is concentrated in vacuo.By purified by flash chromatography, uses 0-100% ethyl acetate/heptanes as eluant, eluent, it is solid to obtain off-white color
Body 4- (8- (4- trifluoromethyl cyclohexyl -1- vinyl)-quinoline -2- bases) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridine -3,5- dicarboxylics
Ester, 9.56g, yield 83%.LC-MS(ESI,pos,ion)m/z:611[M+H].
Test example 1:External DPP-4 enzymes inhibit experiment
It is DPP-4 with the color development method that glycyl proline paranitroanilinum (Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide) is substrate
The most common method of enzyme activity determination.Its principle analysis is as follows:DPP-4 is catalyzed substrate Gly-Pro-p- under alkaline condition
Nitroanilide is hydrolyzed, and generates the paranitroanilinum of glycyl proline and yellow, and paranitroanilinum has at wavelength 405nm
Characteristic absorption peak is generated by the i.e. chromophoric group PNA of absorption value size that spectrophotometer or microplate reader measure at 405nm
The how many reflection enzymatic activity height of amount, reaction equation are as follows.
DPP-4 enzyme amount needed for the Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide of the 1 μm of ol of hydrolysis in one minute is defined as 1U, in DPP-
The each of various concentration is added in (substrate 0.4mM, appropriate DPP-4, buffer solution 50mMTris-HCl, pH8.3) in 4 enzyme activity determination systems
Kind of inhibitor measures 405nm light absorption values, further according to Beer- after 37 DEG C of reactions one hour by spectrophotometer or microplate reader
Bouguer laws are converted into the production quantity of p-nitroaniline with the light absorption value measured at 405nm.Certain inhibitor is come
It says, the amount of inhibitor needed for 1U enzyme activity will be inhibited to be defined as a unit inhibitory activity, the work of various inhibitor is evaluated with this
Property.The screening of inhibitor is to form enzyme activity determination system with a certain amount of enzyme, and different amounts of various inhibitor and blank pair is added
According to.
IC of 1 present invention of table to DPP-450Value
Compound |
IC50(nM) |
YZJ-A11 |
1.18 |
YZJ-A12 |
1.05 |
YZJ-A14 |
0.99 |
YZJ-A17 |
0.94 |
omarigliptin |
2.2 |
Sitagliptin |
15.4 |
IC of the listed compound to DPP-4 in table50Value is respectively less than omarigliptin and Sitagliptin.Statistics indicate that
The compounds of this invention has preferable DPP-4 inhibitory activity, can be used as and treat and/or prevent non-insulin-dependent glycosuria
The drug of disease, hyperglycemia or insulin resistance carries out more profound research.
Obviously, the above according to the present invention is not departing from this hair according to the ordinary technical knowledge and means of this field
Under the premise of bright above-mentioned basic fundamental thought, the modification, replacement or change of other diversified forms can also be made.