CN108503632A - A kind of indole derivatives and its application in diabetes - Google Patents

A kind of indole derivatives and its application in diabetes Download PDF

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CN108503632A
CN108503632A CN201810705933.9A CN201810705933A CN108503632A CN 108503632 A CN108503632 A CN 108503632A CN 201810705933 A CN201810705933 A CN 201810705933A CN 108503632 A CN108503632 A CN 108503632A
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indole derivatives
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孟晓旭
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Beijing Shengyong Pharmaceutical Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
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    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/48—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones
    • A61P5/50—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones for increasing or potentiating the activity of insulin

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  • Indole Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses one kind indole derivatives or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as shown in formula IWherein, R1、R2、R3It is independently selected from H or OCH3.IC of the listed compound to DPP 4 in external DPP 4 enzyme inhibition experiments50Value is respectively less than omarigliptin and Sitagliptin.Show that the compounds of this invention has 4 inhibitory activity of preferable DPP, more profound research can be carried out as the drug for treating and/or preventing adult-onset diabetes, hyperglycemia or insulin resistance.

Description

A kind of indole derivatives and its application in diabetes
Technical field
A kind of application the present invention relates to indole derivatives and its in diabetes.
Background technology
Diabetes be since the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin causes blood glucose rise, to cause serious complication, Eventually lead to the disabled or dead disease for seriously threatening human health.Traditional hypoglycemic medicine type is various, is broadly divided into pancreas Island element sensitizer (such as biguanides, thiazolidinediones etc.) and Insulin secretagogues (such as sulfonylurea and non-sulphonyl class medicine Object), etc..But these drugs can not prevent the deterioration of diabetes, and there is weight gain, the toxic side effects such as hypoglycemia And drug effect the problem of finally losing.Thus, novel antidiabetic medicine is developed, it is to compel to prevent even reverse disease deterioration The task of the eyebrows and eyelashes.
Dipeptidyl peptidase (Dipeptidyl peptidaseIV, DPP-4) is a kind of sugared egg being distributed widely in human body In vain, it is functionally similar to serine protease, by making its inactivation to the shearing of polypeptide, to reach the work of regulation of physiological functions With.DPP-4 is constant to the shearing position of substrate, is the proline or alanine of its N-terminal penultimate.Glucagon Peptide -1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1) is a kind of endogenic hormone, with the raising of postprandial blood sugar, by small L cells secretion in intestines generates, and then stimulates the secretion of insulin.Therefore, the secretion of GLP-1 and the close phase of the intake of blood glucose It closes.Therapeutic scheme based on GLP-1 can efficiently control blood glucose without putting on weight, and it is bad anti-not will produce hypoglycemia etc. It answers.But substrates of the GLP-1 as DPP-4, half-life period is very short, will rapidly be sheared by DPP-4 within 1-2 minutes after secretion, Inactivation.Therefore the strategy of two kinds of new drug developments may be used in the mechanism of action based on GLP-1：Develop the GLP-1 classes of DPP-4 tolerances Like object and exploitation DPP-4 inhibitor.
DPP-4 inhibitor reduces the catalytic activity of enzyme by competitive binding DPP-4 active sites, internal to increase The amount of GLP-1 and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide) Have the function that promote insulin secretion.DPP-4 inhibitor is stably controlled blood glucose, improves β cell functions, and will not cause The increase of patient's weight, and risk of hypoglycemia is can avoid, there is significant advantage in terms of drug safety, be before one kind has very much The drug of scape.From after the crystal structure report of DPP-4 in 2003, many new construction types, potent, high selectivity DPP-4 Inhibitor lists in succession.Currently, the important directions structure that the DPP-4 inhibitor of different structure becomes hypoglycemic medicine exploitation is new The exploitation of clever, potent DPP-4 inhibitor compounds is of great significance to the treatment of diabetes.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of compound of new construction type, specially the indole derivatives as shown in formula I or its Pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, stereoisomer, solvated compounds,
Wherein, R1、R2、R3It is independently selected from H or OCH3。
The indole derivatives as shown in formula I are preferably：
The present invention also provides the synthetic method of the indole derivatives as shown in formula I, synthetic route is：
Its specific synthesis step is：
1) the bromo- 1H- indoles -2- formaldehyde (compound 1) of 6- and 4- methyl -3- oxopentanoic acid methyl esters (compound 2) be in pyridine, In the presence of glacial acetic acid, aldol reaction occurs in a suitable solvent and generates ((the bromo- 1H- indoles -2- bases of the 6-) Asias (Z) -2- Methyl) -4- methyl -3- oxopentanoic acid methyl esters (compound 3)；
2) with (Z) -3- amino -4- methyl amyl- 2- olefin(e) acids ethyl ester condensation reaction occurs for compound 3, generates 4- (the bromo- 1H- of 6- Indoles -2- bases) -2,6- diisopropyl -1,4- dihydropyridine -3,5- dicarboxylates (compound 4)；
3) compound 4 is generated in dichloromethane under the conditions of 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) is existing 4- (the bromo- 1H- indoles -2- bases of 6-) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridine -3,5- dicarboxylates (compound 5)；
4) in the presence of an inorganic base, compound 5 reacts with corresponding boric acid and generates corresponding product.
Further, the solvent in the step 1) can be IPA (isopropanol), hexamethylene, benzene, toluene, dimethylbenzene etc. And its mixture, preferred isopropanol.
Further, the inorganic base in the step 4) can be sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium acetate, preferably sodium carbonate.
It is prepared by indole derivatives or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as shown in formula I that the present invention also provides described Application in people's DPP-4 inhibitor.
It is prepared by indole derivatives or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as shown in formula I that the present invention also provides described For treating and/or preventing the application in adult-onset diabetes, hyperglycemia or the drug of insulin resistance.
The present invention also provides a kind of pharmaceutical compositions, including the indole derivatives as shown in formula I and/or its pharmaceutically Acceptable salt and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
Medicine group can be made with pharmaceutically various typical additives (such as diluent and excipient) in the compound of the present invention Close object.According to therapeutic purposes, pharmaceutical composition can be made to various types of administration unit dosage forms, as tablet, pill, pulvis, Liquid, suspension, lotion, granule, capsule, suppository and injection (solution and suspension) etc..
In order to make the pharmaceutical composition of tablet form shape, it can be used this field any of and widely used figuration Agent.For example, carrier, such as lactose, white sugar, sodium chloride, glucose, urea, starch, calcium carbonate, kaolin, avicel cellulose and silicon Acid etc.；Adhesive, such as water, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, common syrup, glucose solution, starch solution, penetrating judgment solution, carboxymethyl cellulose Element, lac, methylcellulose and potassium phosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone etc.；Disintegrant, such as dried starch, mosanom, agar powder and sea Band powder, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, the aliphatic ester of polyethylene sorbitan, lauryl sodium sulfate, stearic acid monoglycerides, Starch and lactose etc.；Disintegration inhibitor, such as white sugar, glycerol tristearate, coconut oil and hydrogenated oil and fat；Adsorption enhancer, such as season Amine base and lauryl sodium sulfate etc.；Wetting agent, such as glycerine, starch；Adsorbent, such as starch, lactose, kaolin, bentonite With colloid silicic acid etc.；And lubricant, such as pure talcum, stearate, boric acid powder and polyethylene glycol etc..If necessary Words can also use common coated material to make tablet as sugar coated tablet, painting gelatin film tablet, enteric coated tablets, film coated tablets, double Tunic tablet and multilayer tablet.
In order to make the pharmaceutical composition of pill shape, it can be used this field any of and widely used inborn nature Agent, for example, carrier, such as lactose, starch, coconut oil, hardened vegetable oils, kaolin and talcum etc.；Adhesive, such as gum arabic Powder, Huang write rubber powder, gelatin and ethyl alcohol etc.；Disintegrant, such as agar and Kelp Powder.
In order to make the pharmaceutical composition of suppository form shape, it can be used this field any known and widely used inborn nature Agent, for example, polyethylene glycol, coconut oil, higher alcohol, the ester of higher alcohol, gelatin and semi-synthetic glyceride etc..
, can be by solution and suspension liquid disinfectant in order to prepare the pharmaceutical composition of injection form, and it is preferably added suitable chlorine Change sodium, glucose or glycerine etc. are made and the isotonic injection of blood.When preparing injection, it is possible to use in the art any Common carrier.For example, water, ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol, the isooctadecanol of ethoxylation, the isooctadecanol and polyethylene of polyoxy The aliphatic ester etc. of anhydro sorbitol.In addition, common lytic agent, buffer and analgesic etc. can also be added.As needed, exist During treating schizophrenia, colorant, preservative, fragrance, flavoring agent, sweetening agent and other medicines etc. can also be added.
In the present invention, the medication of the pharmaceutical composition is not particularly limited.Can according to patient age, gender and Other conditions and symptom select the preparation of various dosage forms to be administered.For example, tablet, pill, solution, suspension, lotion, granule It is oral medication with capsule；Injection can be administered alone, or (such as glucose solution and amino acid are molten with injection conveying liquid Liquid) it is mixed into row vein injection, muscle can be carried out with injection, inject in intradermal, subcutaneous or abdomen merely if necessary；Suppository is It is administered into rectum.
In the present invention, use can be properly selected according to method of administration, patient age, gender and other conditions and symptom Pharmaceutical quantities.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1：4- (6- (thiophene -2- bases) -1H- indoles -2- bases) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridine -3,5- dioctyl phthalate two The synthesis of ethyl ester
1, the synthesis of (Z) -2- ((the bromo- 1H- indoles -2- bases of 6-) methylene) -4- methyl -3- oxopentanoic acid methyl esters
The bromo- 1H- indoles -2- formaldehyde (compound 1) of 6- are put into the 150mL round-bottomed flasks equipped with magnetic stirring apparatus (8.07g, 36.00mmol), 4- methyl -3- oxopentanoic acid methyl esters (compound 2) (5.70g, 36.03mmol), isopropanol (21.1mL), piperidines (2.2mL) and glacial acetic acid (1.2mL).By reaction mixture, stirring 12 is small in nitrogen environment at room temperature When.Solvent is removed under reduced pressure.Residue with dichloromethane (13.88mL) dissolve and be saturated NaHCO3(3*30mL) solution washs, With anhydrous MgSO4After drying, it is filtered to remove MgSO4, after solvent is concentrated under reduced pressure, flash column chromatography separation obtains off-white powder (Z) -2- ((the bromo- 1H- indoles -2- bases of 6-) methylene) -4- methyl -3- oxopentanoic acid methyl esters (compound 3), 12.46g, yield 95%.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.06(d,6H),1.26(t,3H),3.16(m,1H),4.19(q,2H),6.83(s, 1H),7.29(s,1H),7.50(d,1H),7.66(s,1H),7.87(d,1H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:14.68, 17.91,36.61,61.45,108.37,114.28,114.73,115.79,123.91,124.74,126.42,127.37, 135.56,138.83,166.43,209.38.LC-MS(ESI,pos,ion)m/z:364[M+H].
2,4- (the bromo- 1H- indoles -2- bases of 6-) -2,6- diisopropyl -1,4- dihydropyridine -3,5- dicarboxylates Synthesis
Into the 2L round-bottomed flasks equipped with magnetic stirring apparatus and condenser be added compound 3 (12.46g, 34.21mmol), the amyl- 2- olefin(e) acids ethyl ester (5.38g, 34.21mmol) of (Z) -3- amino -4- methyl and absolute ethyl alcohol (28.5mL). Reaction mixture is heated to reflux and is stirred 8.5 hours in nitrogen environment.Solvent distillation reaches 170 DEG C until pot temperature.Then Reaction mixture is stirred 2 hours at 170~173 DEG C and is subsequently cooled to 60 DEG C.Hexane (36.1mL) is added.By acquired solution It is gradually decreased to room temperature and stirs 0.5 hour, filtering obtains after hexane (3*20mL) washs and is sucked and dried 12 hours at room temperature (change to yellow solid 4- (the bromo- 1H- indoles -2- bases of 6-) -2,6- diisopropyl -1,4- dihydropyridine -3,5- dicarboxylates Close object 4), 10.39g, yield 60.3%.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.13(d,12H),1.15(t,6H),2.37(m, 2H),3.99(q,4H),5.66(s,1H),6.19(s,1H),7.37(d,1H),7.38(s,1H),7.54(d,1H),7.69(s, 1H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:14.68,21.57,29.05,30.05,61.45,100.68,107.04,114.73, 115.79,123.91,124.74,126.42,135.56,137.56,158.09,168.61.LC-MS(ESI,pos,ion)m/ z:503[M+H].
3, the synthesis of 4- (the bromo- 1H- indoles -2- bases of 6-) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridine -3,5- dicarboxylates
In the 3L round-bottomed flasks equipped with mechanical agitator and condenser place compound 4 (10.39g, 20.64mmol), dichloromethane (1.7lmL) and 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) (4.69g, 20.64mmol), then reaction is stirred at room temperature 1 hour, after the completion of reaction, reaction mixture is passed through into silicagel pad (11.85g) is filtered, and is washed with dichloromethane (3*35mL), and filtrate decompression is concentrated to dryness, and will be dried in vacuo at 45 DEG C of obtained solid Two hours, obtain bright yellow solid 4- (the bromo- 1H- indoles -2- bases of 6-) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridine -3,5- dicarboxylates (compound 5), 9.83g, yield 95%.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.30(t,6H),1.31(d,12H),3.44(m, 2H),4.24(q,4H),6.82(s,1H),7.50(d,1H),7.62(s,1H),7.87(d,1H),9.13(s,1H).13C-NMR (125MHz,CDCl3)δ:14.68,20.68,32.06,61.22,105.93,114.38,117.61,124.72,125.43, 127.58,127.85,131.28,135.38,135.92,161.02,168.93.LC-MS(ESI,pos,ion)m/z:501[M+ H].
4,4- (6- (thiophene -2- bases) -1H- indoles -2- bases) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridine -3,5- dicarboxylates Synthesis
By thiophene -2- boric acid (19.60mmol), compound 5 (9.83g, 19.60mmol), Na2CO3(6.23g, 58.8mmol), DME (31.75mL) and H2O (7.83mL) is added in 100mL microwave vials.Bottle N2Degassing 1 hour, so After PdCl is added2(dppf)CH2Cl2(1.73g, 2.35mmol) adduct.By microwave irradiation by reaction mixture at 120 DEG C Heating 2 hours.Obtained mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and is filtered by diatomite, is then concentrated in vacuo.Pass through quick color Spectrometry purifies, and uses 0-100% ethyl acetate/heptanes as eluant, eluent, obtains off-white powder 4- (6- (thiophene -2- bases) -1H- Indoles -2- bases) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridine -3,5- dicarboxylates, 9.00g, yield 91%.1H-NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:1.32(m,18H),3.44(m,2H),4.24(q,4H),6.82(d,1H),7.13(t,1H),7.40(dd,1H), 7.70-7.77(m,3H),8.17(dd,1H),9.11(s,1H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:14.68,20.68, 32.06,61.22,105.93,108.23,119.41,121.9,123.39,127.08,127.74,127.85,129.16, 131.28,134.3,135.62,135.92,140.35,161.02,168.93.LC-MS(ESI,pos,ion)m/z:505[M+ H]。
Embodiment 2：4- (6- (5- methoxy-thien -2- bases) -1H- indoles -2- bases) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridines -3,5- The synthesis of dicarboxylate
By 5- methoxy-thien -2- boric acid (19.60mmol), compound 5 (9.83g, 19.60mmol), Na2CO3 (6.23g, 58.8mmol), DME (31.75mL) and H2O (7.83mL) is added in 100mL microwave vials.Bottle N2Degassing 1 Hour, PdCl is then added2(dppf)CH2Cl2(1.73g, 2.35mmol) adduct.By microwave irradiation by reaction mixture It is heated 2 hours at 120 DEG C.Obtained mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and is filtered by diatomite, is then concentrated in vacuo.Pass through Purified by flash chromatography uses 0-100% ethyl acetate/heptanes as eluant, eluent, obtains off-white powder 4- (6- (5- methoxyl groups- Thiophene -2- bases) -1H- indoles -2- bases) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridine -3,5- dicarboxylates, 8.91g, yield 85%.LC- MS(ESI,pos,ion)m/z:535[M+H]。
Embodiment 3：4- (6- (3- methoxy-thien -2- bases) -1H- indoles -2- bases) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridines -3,5- The synthesis of dicarboxylate
By 3- methoxy-thien -2- boric acid (19.60mmol), compound 5 (9.83g, 19.60mmol), Na2CO3 (6.23g, 58.8mmol), DME (31.75mL) and H2O (7.83mL) is added in 100mL microwave vials.Bottle N2Degassing 1 Hour, PdCl is then added2(dppf)CH2Cl2(1.73g, 2.35mmol) adduct.By microwave irradiation by reaction mixture It is heated 2 hours at 120 DEG C.Obtained mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and is filtered by diatomite, is then concentrated in vacuo.Pass through Purified by flash chromatography uses 0-100% ethyl acetate/heptanes as eluant, eluent, obtains off-white powder 4- (6- (3- methoxyl groups- Thiophene -2- bases) -1H- indoles -2- bases) -2,6- diisopropyl pyridine -3,5- dicarboxylates, 8.70g, yield 83%.LC- MS(ESI,pos,ion)m/z:535[M+H]。
Test example 1：External DPP-4 enzymes inhibit experiment
It is DPP-4 with the color development method that glycyl proline paranitroanilinum (Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide) is substrate The most common method of enzyme activity determination.Its principle analysis is as follows：DPP-4 is catalyzed substrate Gly-Pro-p- under alkaline condition Nitroanilide is hydrolyzed, and generates the paranitroanilinum of glycyl proline and yellow, and paranitroanilinum has at wavelength 405nm Characteristic absorption peak is generated by the i.e. chromophoric group PNA of absorption value size that spectrophotometer or microplate reader measure at 405nm The how many reflection enzymatic activity height of amount, reaction equation are as follows.
DPP-4 enzyme amount needed for the Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide of the 1 μm of ol of hydrolysis in one minute is defined as 1U, in DPP- The each of various concentration is added in (substrate 0.4mM, appropriate DPP-4, buffer solution 50mMTris-HCl, pH8.3) in 4 enzyme activity determination systems Kind of inhibitor measures 405nm light absorption values, further according to Beer- after 37 DEG C of reactions one hour by spectrophotometer or microplate reader Bouguer laws are converted into the production quantity of p-nitroaniline with the light absorption value measured at 405nm.Certain inhibitor is come It says, the amount of inhibitor needed for 1U enzyme activity will be inhibited to be defined as a unit inhibitory activity, the work of various inhibitor is evaluated with this Property.The screening of inhibitor is to form enzyme activity determination system with a certain amount of enzyme, and different amounts of various inhibitor and blank pair is added According to.
IC of 1 present invention of table to DPP-450Value
Compound IC50(nM)
YZJ-B01 0.52
YZJ-B02 0.31
YZJ-B04 0.34
YZJ-B06 0.24
omarigliptin 2.2
Sitagliptin 15.4
IC of the listed compound to DPP-4 in table50Value is respectively less than omarigliptin and Sitagliptin.Statistics indicate that The compounds of this invention has preferable DPP-4 inhibitory activity, can be used as and treat and/or prevent non-insulin-dependent glycosuria The drug of disease, hyperglycemia or insulin resistance carries out more profound research.
Obviously, the above according to the present invention is not departing from this hair according to the ordinary technical knowledge and means of this field Under the premise of bright above-mentioned basic fundamental thought, the modification, replacement or change of other diversified forms can also be made.

Claims (6)

1. indole derivatives or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as shown in formula I,
Wherein, R1、R2、R3It is independently selected from H or OCH3。
2. formula I as described in claim 1, characterized in that be selected from following compound：
3. indole derivatives or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as shown in formula I press down as DPP-4 as described in claim 1 The application of preparation.
4. as described in claim 1 indole derivatives or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as shown in formula I treatment and/or Prevent the application in the drug of adult-onset diabetes, hyperglycemia or insulin resistance.
5. a kind of pharmaceutical composition, it is characterised in that comprising the indole derivatives as shown in formula I and/or its is pharmaceutically acceptable Salt and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
6. pharmaceutical composition as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that：Pharmaceutical composition be made tablet, pill, pulvis, liquid, The dosage forms such as suspension, lotion, granule, capsule, suppository or injection.
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李瑞丰等: "DPP-IV抑制剂列汀类抗糖尿病药物专利分析和专利布局", 《中国新药杂志》 *

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