CN108667481B - Millimeter wave transceiver of ground base station for wireless communication of rail transit vehicle and ground - Google Patents
Millimeter wave transceiver of ground base station for wireless communication of rail transit vehicle and ground Download PDFInfo
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- CN108667481B CN108667481B CN201810811002.7A CN201810811002A CN108667481B CN 108667481 B CN108667481 B CN 108667481B CN 201810811002 A CN201810811002 A CN 201810811002A CN 108667481 B CN108667481 B CN 108667481B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
- H04B1/401—Circuits for selecting or indicating operating mode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/42—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for mass transport vehicles, e.g. buses, trains or aircraft
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/44—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for communication between vehicles and infrastructures, e.g. vehicle-to-cloud [V2C] or vehicle-to-home [V2H]
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave communication, and relates to a millimeter wave transceiver of a ground base station for wireless communication of a rail transit vehicle. The ground millimeter wave transceiver of the invention has a signal bandwidth of 1GHz, and provides effective and reliable support for realizing a vehicle-ground high-speed communication system with the speed reaching Gbit/s. The modularized and generalized design is adopted, the functional modules are shared to the greatest extent, and the number and the power consumption of equipment on the rod are reduced, so that the system construction cost is reduced, and the integrated design, the test and the productization of the system are convenient; the millimeter wave module and the microwave module which are arranged on the rod are vertically interconnected, so that the structure is compact, and the size is reduced; the system can be monitored in real time during operation, system calibration, fault early warning and fault rapid positioning are supported, signal power of a transmitting end and AGC of a receiving end can be dynamically adjusted, adaptability under different climates and environmental conditions is stronger, a certain engineering value is achieved, and the system can be popularized to solutions of high-speed communication of other rail traffic vehicles such as subways and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave communication, and relates to a millimeter wave transceiver of a ground base station for wireless communication of a rail transit vehicle.
Background
Millimeter waves are between microwaves (3-30 GHz) and sub-millimeter waves (more than 300 GHz), and are compatible with some characteristics of microwaves and light waves. In recent years, millimeter waves have important applications in communication, radar, guidance, remote sensing technologies, and the like, due to their numerous advantages. Along with the rapid development of rail transit (high-speed rail and subway), reliable, real-time and efficient broadband wireless network access service is provided for passengers, and new requirements for railway informatization are also provided. On one hand, information such as running, safety monitoring and equipment maintenance of the train needs to be transmitted to a control center in real time, so that the real-time dynamic information transmission requirement of a road network is met; on the other hand, it is necessary to constantly maintain connection to the network through various communication devices. Millimeter wave communication has an absolute bandwidth that is large at the same relative bandwidth, which means a higher transmission rate and a larger capacity; higher frequencies also mean higher antenna gain, smaller size, and better immunity to interference. The millimeter wave transceiver is a millimeter wave microwave integrated circuit integrating a millimeter wave transmitting module, a receiving module, a local oscillator module, a microwave module and the like into a whole, and is the basis of a millimeter wave communication system.
The existing wireless communication systems of rail transit train and ground in China are approximately GSM-R, WLAN and LTE; the GSM-R is mainly based on a second generation global system for mobile communication GSM, is mature and reliable, but the system is a narrow-band system and has limited data bearing capacity, so that the requirements of railway special wireless dispatching and control can be met; the WLAN technology has the advantages of complete industrial chain, mature technology, low manufacturing cost and the like, but does not support data switching of high-speed operation equipment, works at an open frequency band of 2.4GHz, and is easy to be interfered by personal hot spots, bluetooth and the like; the LTE adopts a special frequency band of 1.8GHz, has strong anti-interference capability and good maintainability, but does not support the bandwidth above 100MHz and low power consumption, and has a coverage distance of 100 m-1 km and higher networking cost. Several mainstream schemes exist, and even if a high-order modulation or multiple access technology is adopted to expand the capacity of a communication system and improve the spectrum utilization rate, it is difficult to meet the requirements of future communication development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the new requirement of 'double high' caused by high-speed data transmission under the condition of increasing high-speed movement of rail transit, adopts millimeter wave technology different from the existing solution, and aims at providing a ground base station millimeter wave transceiver based on millimeter wave communication technology system in rail transit vehicle-ground communication as a basis for realizing millimeter wave high-speed communication between vehicles and ground so as to adapt to the new times requirement of railway informatization under the rapid development of rail transit in recent years.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the ground millimeter wave transceiver provides a millimeter wave receiving and transmitting front end which is arranged at a ground base station along a railway, and a millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel is respectively arranged on the left and right directions of a contact net rod. The modularized design thought is adopted, and the universality of the module and the circuits in the module is considered, so that the ground millimeter wave transceiver is divided into a millimeter wave transceiver module, a microwave module and an intermediate frequency module; the device and the vehicle-mounted millimeter wave transceiver together complete relay transmission of millimeter wave signals between vehicles and ground along the track, and can monitor and control the working state of the ground millimeter wave transceiver.
Millimeter wave receiving and dispatching module includes two sets of same millimeter wave receiving and dispatching passageway: the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel-1 formed by the millimeter wave transmitting circuit-1 and the millimeter wave receiving circuit-1, and the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel-2 formed by the millimeter wave transmitting circuit-2 and the millimeter wave receiving circuit-2. The millimeter wave transmitting circuit-1 or the millimeter wave transmitting circuit-2 up-converts an intermediate frequency signal (bandwidth 1 GHz) input by the microwave module into a working millimeter wave frequency band, amplifies the working millimeter wave frequency band to required power, sends the working millimeter wave frequency band into the circulator, and transmits the working millimeter wave frequency band to the vehicle-mounted antenna on the train roof by the ground antenna. Meanwhile, the ground antenna receives millimeter wave signals (bandwidth is 1 GHz) transmitted by the vehicle-mounted antenna, the millimeter wave signals enter the millimeter wave receiving circuit-1 or the millimeter wave receiving circuit-2 after passing through the circulator, the signals are amplified and then are subjected to down-conversion to intermediate frequency signals, and the signals are output to the microwave module. The two sets of millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channels of the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting module work in a time sharing mode, namely only the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel-1 or the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel-2 works at the same time, and a system channel switching signal input by the microwave module controls channel selection when the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting module works.
The microwave module comprises four functional modules, namely a microwave processing module, a local oscillator module, a power module and a signal processing module. The microwave processing module comprises a transmitting channel and a receiving channel, performs temperature compensation, amplification, filtering, equalization and other treatments on intermediate frequency transmitting signals from the intermediate frequency module and intermediate frequency receiving signals from the intermediate frequency removing module, and controls the channel selection and switching of the connection between the microwave processing module and the millimeter wave receiving channel-1 or the millimeter wave receiving channel-2 by a system channel switching signal; the local oscillation module provides a needed local oscillation signal for the millimeter wave transceiver module; the power supply module converts the external input voltage into the voltages required by the millimeter wave transceiver module, the microwave module and the local oscillator module and supplies power to the millimeter wave transceiver module, the microwave module and the local oscillator module respectively, and has the corresponding functions of current detection and power supply protection; the signal processing module collects and transmits monitoring information of the ground millimeter wave transceiver.
The intermediate frequency module is a part of intermediate frequency circuit which can be integrated with digital-analog circuits such as baseband, modem and the like, and comprises a transmitting channel and a receiving channel. The transmitting channel performs equalization, amplification, filtering and other treatments on the intermediate frequency transmitting signal; and meanwhile, the receiving channel performs automatic gain control, filtering, amplifying and the like on the intermediate frequency receiving signal to provide an intermediate frequency signal required by the demodulator.
The millimeter wave signal interface of the ground millimeter wave transceiver adopts WR-28 standard waveguide, the local oscillation signal and intermediate frequency signal interface adopts coaxial connector, and the power supply and control interface adopts core penetration capacitor. The structure of each module is a metal shielding box, so that the anti-interference capability and the dust resistance of the circuit are improved; facilitating system integration. The millimeter wave transceiver module, the microwave module, the circulator and the antenna are arranged in the antenna housing on the rod; the intermediate frequency module is integrated with an external modem, is placed in a baseband chassis in a carriage, and is connected with intermediate frequency signals in a wired mode.
The ground millimeter wave transceiver has the beneficial effects that the ground millimeter wave transceiver has the signal bandwidth of 1GHz, and provides effective and reliable support for the realization of a ground high-speed communication system with the speed reaching Gbit/s. The modularized and generalized design is adopted, the functional modules are shared to the greatest extent, and the number and the power consumption of equipment on the rod are reduced, so that the system construction cost is reduced, and the integrated design, the test and the productization of the system are convenient; the millimeter wave module and the microwave module which are arranged on the rod are vertically interconnected, so that the structure is compact, and the size is reduced; the system can be monitored in real time during operation, system calibration, fault early warning and fault rapid positioning are supported, signal power of a transmitting end and AGC of a receiving end can be dynamically adjusted, adaptability under different climates and environmental conditions is stronger, a certain engineering value is achieved, and the system can be popularized to solutions of high-speed communication of other rail traffic vehicles such as subways and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the logic structure of a terrestrial millimeter wave transceiver;
reference numerals: 1. millimeter wave receiving and transmitting module, microwave module, intermediate frequency module, millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel-1, 102, millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel-2;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a millimeter wave transceiver module of a terrestrial millimeter wave transceiver;
reference numerals: 101. millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channels-1 and 102, millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channels-2 and 111, millimeter wave transmitting circuits-1 and 112, millimeter wave receiving circuits-1 and 121, millimeter wave transmitting circuits-2 and 112, millimeter wave receiving circuits-2 and 21, local oscillation modules, 22, microwave processing modules and 24, signal processing modules;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure assembly of a millimeter wave transceiver module of a terrestrial millimeter wave transceiver;
reference numerals: 1. intermediate frequency transmitting input-1 (SMP interface), local oscillation input-1 (SMP interface), 3 local oscillation input-1 (SMP interface), 4 intermediate frequency receiving output-1 (SMP interface), 5 offset/state-1 (M2.5 through-core capacitance), 6 waveguide filter, 7 waveguide filter, 8 circulator, 9 intermediate frequency transmitting input-2 (SMP interface), 10 local oscillation input-2 (SMP interface), 11 local oscillation input-2 (SMP interface), 12 intermediate frequency receiving output-2 (SMP interface), 13 offset/state-2 (M2.5 through-core capacitance), 14 waveguide filter, 15 waveguide filter, 16 circulator;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a microwave module;
reference numerals: 1. millimeter wave transceiver module, 2. Microwave module, 3. Intermediate frequency module, 101. Millimeter wave transceiver channel-1, 102. Millimeter wave transceiver channel-2, 111. Millimeter wave transmitter circuit-1, 112. Millimeter wave receiver circuit-1, 121. Millimeter wave transmitter circuit-2, 112. Millimeter wave receiver circuit-2, 21. Local oscillator module, 22. Microwave processing module, 23. Power module, 24. Signal processing module, 211. Temperature compensation, 212. Amplification, 213. High pass filter, 214. Equalization, 215. Filter, 216. Amplification, 217. Equalization, 218. Temperature compensation, 219. Low pass filter, 221. Crystal oscillator, 222.pll,223.2 frequency multiplication, 224. Filter, 225. Coupling, 226. Coupling, 231. Power protection and monitoring circuit, 232.DC/DC circuit.
Fig. 5 is an assembly schematic diagram of a microwave module structure of a terrestrial millimeter wave transceiver;
reference numerals: 51. microwave module bias and data (M2.5 through-core capacitance), 52.millimeter wave transceiver module bias and status (M2.5 through-core capacitance), 53.intermediate frequency receive input (SMP interface), 54.18.9/20.1GHz local oscillator output (SMP interface), 55.18.9/20.1GHz local oscillator output (SMP interface), 56.intermediate frequency transmit output (SMP interface), 57.intermediate frequency transmit output (SMP interface), 58.18.9/20.1GHz local oscillator output (SMP interface), 59.18.9/20.1GHz local oscillator output (SMP interface), 510.intermediate frequency receive input (SMP interface), 511.millimeter wave transceiver module bias and status (M2.5 through-core capacitance), 512.intermediate frequency input/output one-wire communication (SMP interface);
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an intermediate frequency module;
reference numerals: 21. the system comprises a microwave processing module, 31, a transmitting channel, 32, a receiving channel, 311, equalization, 312, numerical control attenuation, 313, amplification, 314, high-pass filtering, 315, temperature compensation attenuation, 321, temperature compensation attenuation, 322, filtering, 323, amplification, 324, low-pass filtering, 325, coupling, 326, detection, 327, AGC,328, equalization, 329, amplification;
fig. 7 is a structural assembly diagram of a millimeter wave transceiver within a pole radome.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the ground millimeter wave transceiver of the invention adopts a modularized design concept and consists of a millimeter wave transceiver module (comprising a millimeter wave transceiver channel-1 and a millimeter wave transceiver channel-2), a microwave module and an intermediate frequency module. The local oscillation signals and the intermediate frequency receiving and transmitting signals required by two sets of millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channels in the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting module are the same and can be shared in the microwave module; the intermediate frequency module is the same as the vehicle millimeter wave transceiver and can be directly used. The millimeter wave transceiver module, the microwave module, two external ground antennas and two circulators are jointly installed in an antenna housing on a contact net pole, and the intermediate frequency module and a baseband chassis installed below the pole.
Millimeter wave receiving and dispatching module includes two sets of same millimeter wave receiving and dispatching passageway: the schematic diagram of the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel-1 formed by the millimeter wave transmitting circuit-1 and the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel-2 formed by the millimeter wave transmitting circuit-2 and the millimeter wave receiving circuit-2 is shown in fig. 2. The millimeter wave transmitting circuit-1 or the millimeter wave transmitting circuit-2 up-converts an intermediate frequency signal (bandwidth 1 GHz) input by the microwave module into a working millimeter wave frequency band, amplifies the working millimeter wave frequency band to required power, sends the working millimeter wave frequency band into the circulator, and transmits the working millimeter wave frequency band to the vehicle-mounted antenna on the train roof by the ground antenna. Meanwhile, the ground antenna receives millimeter wave signals (bandwidth is 1 GHz) transmitted by the vehicle-mounted antenna, the millimeter wave signals enter the millimeter wave receiving circuit-1 or the millimeter wave receiving circuit-2 after passing through the circulator, the signals are amplified and then are subjected to down-conversion to intermediate frequency signals, and the signals are output to the microwave module. The two sets of millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channels of the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting module work in a time sharing mode, namely only the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel-1 or the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel-2 works at the same time, and a system channel switching signal input by the microwave module controls channel selection when the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting module works.
The millimeter wave transmitting circuit-1 or the millimeter wave transmitting circuit-2 amplifies and multiplies the input signal of the local oscillation module to be used as the local oscillation signal of the millimeter wave mixer, the amplifier is a chip of ADI, the working frequency is 13-25 GHz, and the gain is 20dB; the frequency multiplier is an ADI chip, the output frequency range is 32-46 GHz, and the output power is 13dBm. Mixing with the intermediate frequency signal input by the microwave module to generate a required millimeter wave signal; the mixer is an ADI chip, the working frequency band is 25-40 GHz, the input 1dB compression point is 11dBm, and the frequency conversion loss is 9.5dB. And finally, filtering, amplifying and the like are carried out on the millimeter wave signals, and the millimeter wave signals are amplified to the required power. The amplifying chain adopts a three-stage amplifying mode: the first-stage amplifier processes small signals, and takes the universality of a circuit into consideration, a low-noise amplifier which is the same as a millimeter wave receiving circuit is adopted, the amplifier is an Ommic chip, the working range is 25-43 GHz, the noise coefficient is less than 1.8dB, and the gain is 25dB; the second-stage amplifier drives the later-stage power amplifier to work, the amplifier is an Avago chip, the working range is 20-45GHz, the 1dB compression point of the output power is 21dBm, and the gain is 25dB; the third-stage power amplifier is a Qorvo chip, the working frequency band is 33-47GHz, the gain is 25dB, and the 1dB compression point of the output power is 26dBm; millimeter wave radio frequency signals output by the power amplifier are transmitted into the circulator through the probe transition and the waveguide cavity diaphragm filter.
Meanwhile, the ground antenna receives millimeter wave signals (bandwidth 1 GHz) transmitted by the vehicle-mounted antenna, and the millimeter wave signals enter the millimeter wave receiving circuit-1 or the millimeter wave receiving circuit-2 after passing through the circulator. Through transition of the waveguide filter and the probe, the receiving and transmitting isolation in the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting module is improved, millimeter wave signals are extracted, and good matching is formed between the millimeter wave signals and the circuit; and then a low-noise amplifier is entered to increase the receiving power of the millimeter wave signal, wherein the amplifier is the same as the first stage of an amplifying link in the millimeter wave transmitting circuit. The millimeter wave mixer adopts a harmonic mixing mode so as to reduce the power consumption, the volume and the cost of the circuit. The input signal of the local oscillation module is filtered and then enters a mixer together with the millimeter wave signal, the mixer is an ADI chip, the isolation between the output signal and the local oscillation signal is more than 37dB, the frequency conversion loss is 10dB, and the millimeter wave signal is down-converted into an intermediate frequency receiving signal.
The outside of the millimeter wave transceiver module is a metal shielding box, the structure of the millimeter wave transceiver module is shown in fig. 3, the left side is a millimeter wave transceiver channel-1, the right side is two sets of millimeter wave transceiver channels-2, and the interfaces of two local oscillator inputs, intermediate frequency transmitting inputs and intermediate frequency receiving outputs of each millimeter wave transceiver channel are respectively connected with SMP interfaces at symmetrical positions on the left side and the right side of the shared microwave module in an opposite inserting way; the millimeter wave transmitting circuit and the millimeter wave receiving circuit are connected with the waveguide filters on the left side and the right side through WR-28 standard waveguides and connected to the circulator, so that the overall structure is smaller and more compact, the volume of the ground base station case on the pole is utilized to the maximum, and the millimeter wave transmitting circuit and the millimeter wave receiving circuit are convenient to integrate with a ground antenna. The bias/state input of the millimeter wave transceiver module adopts M2.5 core-penetrating capacitance, the bias provides direct current bias required by the work for the millimeter wave transceiver channel-1 or the millimeter wave transceiver channel-2, the state is controlled by a system channel switching signal sent by the microwave module to control the channel selection when the millimeter wave transceiver module works, the millimeter wave transceiver channel-1 works at a high level, and the millimeter wave transceiver channel-2 is switched to work at a low level.
The microwave module can be shared by two sets of millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channels so as to reduce the number, the volume and the power consumption of equipment on the rod. The railway is provided with a plurality of ground stations along the line, and the microwave modules on each station are shared to the greatest extent, so that the cost of system construction is reduced. As shown in fig. 4, the microwave module is composed of four functional modules, namely a microwave processing module, a local oscillator module, a power module and a signal processing module, and is used for processing and transmitting intermediate frequency transmitting/receiving signals input/output by the intermediate frequency module; providing local oscillation signals for the millimeter wave transceiver module; providing bias for each module of the ground millimeter wave transceiver on the pole; and monitoring and controlling the working state of each module of the millimeter wave transceiver on the rod.
The microwave processing module comprises a transmitting channel and a receiving channel, wherein an intermediate frequency transmitting signal is subjected to temperature compensation and amplification in the transmitting channel, and an amplifier is a chip of Mini-Circuits, the working frequency range of the microwave processing module is 0.5-5GHz, the noise coefficient is 1.4dB, and the gain is 21dB; then, the system is subjected to high-pass filtering and balanced treatment to improve in-band flatness, and finally enters an SPDT (simple discrete Fourier transform), and a system channel switching signal controls the system channel switching signal to go to a millimeter wave transmitting circuit-1 or a millimeter wave transmitting circuit-2; meanwhile, the system channel switching signal controls the intermediate frequency receiving signal to enter the receiving channel from the millimeter wave receiving circuit-1 or the millimeter wave receiving circuit-2, the intermediate frequency receiving signal is filtered and amplified in the receiving channel, the amplifier adopts a chip of Mini-Circuits which is the same as the transmitting channel, the intermediate frequency receiving signal is amplified and balanced to improve the in-band flatness, and the intermediate frequency receiving signal is output through low-pass filtering after temperature compensation. When the system channel switching signal is at a high level, the microwave processing module is connected into the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel-1 to work; otherwise, when the power is low, switching to the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel-2 to work, thereby realizing the channel selection switching function of the system; the input of the transmitting channel and the output of the receiving channel adopt a power division mode, and share a radio frequency signal interface to reduce the volume, and the shared radio frequency signal interface adopts SMP.
The local oscillation module provides four paths of local oscillation signals for the millimeter wave transceiver module, two paths of transmitting local oscillation signals go to the millimeter wave transmitting circuit-1 and the millimeter wave transmitting circuit-2, and two paths of receiving local oscillation signals go to the millimeter wave receiving circuit-1 and the millimeter wave receiving circuit-2. The crystal oscillator provides reference signals for the phase-locked loop, the phase-locked loop adopts an artificial semiconductor chip, the working range is 3.85-16GHz, the highest phase discrimination frequency is 100MHz, and the phase-locked loop has the functions of fractional frequency division and integer frequency division. After the phase-locked loop is locked, outputting a microwave signal of 9.45/10.05GHz, and multiplying the frequency to 18.9/20.1GHz by a frequency doubler which adopts an ADI chip, wherein the output frequency range is 13-24.6GHz, and the output power is 17dBm; extracting through a band-pass filter, dividing signals into two paths by a power divider, and finally coupling each path of output signals to output two paths of signals of a transmitting local oscillator and a receiving local oscillator required by each set of millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channels through a coupler. In addition, the local oscillation module has the functions of providing local oscillation locking information indication and outputting frequency tunability of the crystal oscillator, and supports the realization of functions of calibration, fault early warning, fault quick positioning and the like during system operation.
The power module comprises a power protection and monitoring circuit and a DC/DC circuit. The power protection circuit can prevent lightning stroke, power-on surge current, overcurrent and reverse connection after the external input voltage of 12V passes through the input end of the power module, and the monitoring circuit sends the total working current indication signal of each module of the ground millimeter wave transceiver on the rod to the signal processing module, so that visual basis is provided for fault early warning, monitoring and rapid fault positioning during system operation. The DC/DC circuit converts the voltage of 12V into the voltage +6V, +5.2V, +5V and-5V required by the millimeter wave transceiver module, the microwave module and the local oscillator module, respectively supplies power to the millimeter wave transceiver module, the microwave module and the local oscillator module, and has the function of power protection.
The signal processing module receives temperature detection signals of two millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channels in the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting module, a locking indication signal of the local oscillator module and a total working current indication signal of the power supply module, and monitors the working state of each module on the rod; and sending crystal oscillator frequency tuning to the local oscillation module and sending a system channel switching signal to the microwave processing module, and controlling the calibration and switching of the system. An ADI chip is adopted, the chip supports an I2C protocol, 4 paths of ADC and 4 paths of DAC are integrated, and acquisition and transmission of monitoring information data between each module of the ground millimeter wave transceiver on the pole and a host of the baseband chassis under the pole are realized.
The outside of the microwave module is a metal shielding box, the inside of the microwave module is an upper cavity shielding box and a lower cavity shielding box, wherein the transmitting channel, the receiving channel and the local oscillator module are positioned on the same surface, the signal processing module and the power module are integrated on a PCB of the cavity on the other surface, the structure assembly diagram is shown in figure 5, and the interfaces of the intermediate frequency receiving input, the two local oscillator inputs and the intermediate frequency transmitting output are all SMP and positioned at symmetrical positions on the left side and the right side of the microwave module; the metal shielding boxes of the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel-1 and the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel-2 are connected in an inserted manner, and a line communication interface shared by the input of the transmitting channel and the output of the receiving channel adopts SMP; the bias and data interaction of the microwave module adopts an M2.5 core-penetrating capacitor, and provides 12V external power supply voltage input and monitoring of the working states of all modules of the millimeter wave transceiver on the roof and control of data input and output; the bias and state of the two millimeter wave transceiver modules adopts M2.5 core penetrating capacitors, and the millimeter wave transceiver channel-1 and the millimeter wave transceiver channel-2 provide control signals for bias and channel switching.
The intermediate frequency module is a part of intermediate frequency circuit which can be integrated with digital-analog circuits such as baseband and modem, and comprises a transmitting channel and a receiving channel, and the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 6. The intermediate frequency transmitting/receiving signals output/input by the microwave module share a radio frequency signal SMA interface, and the signal interfaces of the external digital-analog circuit are an intermediate frequency input SMA interface and an intermediate frequency output SMA interface which are respectively connected with the transmitting channel and the receiving channel. The power signal and the monitoring signal are accessed from the DB9 interface, and the functions of transmitting signal power control, receiving signal strength monitoring, AGC dynamic adjustment and the like can be realized.
The transmitting channel firstly equalizes and improves in-band flatness of an intermediate frequency transmitting signal input externally, then the transmitting power is controlled by a transmitting power control signal through a numerical control attenuator, the environment adaptability is improved, the numerical control attenuator is an ADI chip, the insertion loss is 1.7dB, and the maximum attenuation of 31dB can be provided. Amplifying, high-pass filtering, improving the influence of gain inconsistency under high-low temperature conditions by a temperature compensation attenuator, and outputting by a circulator. The amplifier uses the same chip of Mini-Circuits as in the microwave module.
Intermediate frequency receiving signals input from the microwave module enter a receiving channel after passing through the circulator, the influence of gain inconsistency under high and low temperature conditions is improved through the temperature compensation attenuator, the intermediate frequency receiving signals are extracted by the low-pass filter after being filtered and amplified, and two paths of signals are output through the coupler: one path of signal detection output provides a received signal strength monitoring signal for the system; the other path of signal increases the dynamic range of the receiving link by means of an AGC loop, the detection input end of the signal can receive the AGC control signal of the system, the AGC is dynamically adjusted, the signal at the output end of the signal is equalized and amplified, and finally the intermediate frequency receiving signal required by the back-end circuit is output to the outside. The amplifier uses the same chip of Mini-Circuits as in the microwave module.
The millimeter wave transceiver module, the microwave module, the circulator and the antenna are arranged in the antenna housing of the ground base station on the pole, and the total power consumption is not more than 14W, as shown in figure 7; the intermediate frequency module is arranged in the baseband chassis below the rod, and each module structure is a metal shielding box, so that the anti-interference capability and the dust resistance of the circuit are improved, and the system integration is facilitated.
Claims (3)
1. The millimeter wave transceiver of the ground base station for wireless communication of the rail transit vehicle ground is characterized by comprising a millimeter wave transceiver module, a microwave module and an intermediate frequency module, wherein:
the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting module comprises a first millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel formed by a first millimeter wave transmitting circuit and a first millimeter wave receiving circuit and a second millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel formed by a second millimeter wave transmitting circuit and a second millimeter wave receiving circuit; the first millimeter wave transmitting circuit or the second millimeter wave transmitting circuit is used for up-converting the intermediate frequency signal input by the microwave module to a working millimeter wave frequency band, amplifying the intermediate frequency signal to required power, then sending the amplified intermediate frequency signal to the circulator, and transmitting the amplified intermediate frequency signal to a vehicle-mounted antenna on the top of the train through a ground antenna; meanwhile, the ground antenna receives millimeter wave signals transmitted by the vehicle-mounted antenna, the millimeter wave signals enter the first millimeter wave receiving circuit or the second millimeter wave receiving circuit after passing through the circulator, the signals are amplified and then are subjected to down-conversion to intermediate frequency signals, and the intermediate frequency signals are output to the microwave module; the two sets of millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channels of the millimeter wave receiving and transmitting module work in a time-sharing mode, namely only the first millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel or the second millimeter wave receiving and transmitting channel works at the same time;
the microwave module comprises a microwave processing module, a local oscillator module, a power supply module and a signal processing module; the microwave processing module comprises a transmitting channel and a receiving channel which are respectively used for carrying out temperature compensation, amplification, filtering and equalization processing on intermediate frequency transmitting signals from the intermediate frequency module and intermediate frequency receiving signals from the intermediate frequency removing module; the local oscillation module is used for providing a needed local oscillation signal for the millimeter wave transceiver module; the power supply module is used for converting the external input voltage into voltages required by the millimeter wave transceiver module, the microwave module and the local oscillator module and supplying power to the millimeter wave transceiver module, the microwave module and the local oscillator module respectively; the signal processing module is used for collecting and transmitting monitoring information of the millimeter wave transceiver, wherein the monitoring information is physical index information for measuring the working state of each module; the millimeter wave transceiver is assembled at the millimeter wave transceiver front end of the ground base station along the track, and a set of millimeter wave transceiver channels are arranged in the left-right direction of the contact net rod;
the intermediate frequency module is a part of intermediate frequency circuit which can be integrated with a baseband and a modem and comprises an intermediate frequency transmitting channel and an intermediate frequency receiving channel; the intermediate frequency transmitting channel is used for carrying out equalization, amplification and filtering treatment on intermediate frequency transmitting signals; meanwhile, the intermediate frequency receiving channel performs automatic gain control, filtering and amplification processing on the intermediate frequency receiving signal to provide an intermediate frequency signal required by the demodulator;
the millimeter wave transceiver module, the microwave module, two external ground antennas and two circulators are jointly arranged in an antenna housing on a contact net pole, and the intermediate frequency module is arranged in a baseband chassis below the pole; the millimeter wave module and the microwave module which are arranged on the rod are vertically interconnected, are monitored by the system in real time during working, support system calibration, fault early warning and fault quick positioning, and the signal power of the transmitting end and the AGC of the receiving end can be dynamically adjusted.
2. The millimeter wave transceiver of a ground base station for wireless communication of a rail transit vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monitoring information includes at least temperature information of the millimeter wave transceiver module and total operating current indication information of the power module.
3. The millimeter wave transceiver of the ground base station for wireless communication of the rail transit vehicle as claimed in claim 2, wherein the millimeter wave signal interface of the millimeter wave transceiver adopts a WR-28 standard waveguide, and the local oscillation signal and the intermediate frequency signal interface adopt coaxial connectors.
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| CN109586765B (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2024-05-14 | 福州瑞品电子科技有限公司 | Millimeter wave-based electrified railway communication equipment and system |
| CN118393479B (en) * | 2024-06-28 | 2024-09-03 | 北京北九方轨道交通科技有限公司 | Tractor length ranging system based on communication base station |
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