CN108667078B - method for calculating auxiliary service cost caused by external power supply - Google Patents

method for calculating auxiliary service cost caused by external power supply Download PDF

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CN108667078B
CN108667078B CN201810320124.6A CN201810320124A CN108667078B CN 108667078 B CN108667078 B CN 108667078B CN 201810320124 A CN201810320124 A CN 201810320124A CN 108667078 B CN108667078 B CN 108667078B
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power supply
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auxiliary service
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CN108667078A (en
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张剑楠
王蓓蓓
赵楠
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Southeast University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

the invention discloses a method for calculating an auxiliary service cost caused by an external power supply based on analysis of the running cost of a generator set, and relates to the field of running and economic analysis of a power system. In order to promote the market fairness of the auxiliary service, the invention calculates the auxiliary service cost caused by the external power supply on the basis of the simulated actual scheduling result. The requirements of regulation capacity of an out-of-area power supply and system frequency stability are considered in the power economy scheduling model; respectively obtaining unit scheduling results under two schemes of adding an external power supply and replacing the added external power supply; decomposing the auxiliary service cost caused by the external power supply according to the running cost of the generator; and calculating the standby opportunity cost, the peak-shaving average unit power generation cost loss and the start-stop peak shaving cost loss caused by the off-site power supply. The method can be used for standard calculation of sharing auxiliary service cost by an external power supply and compensating a conventional unit, perfects the auxiliary service management system in China and improves the enthusiasm of providing auxiliary service for a power plant.

Description

Method for calculating auxiliary service cost caused by external power supply
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric power, in particular to an extra-area power supply induced auxiliary service cost calculation method based on analysis of running cost of a generator set.
Background
the characteristics of economic development and geographical reverse distribution of energy resources in China are shown, the middle east region is developed economically and has large power demand, but the primary energy resources are insufficient, and the west region can provide sufficient power supply, so that the ultrahigh voltage AC/DC construction in China is rapid, and the 'West-east electricity transmission' is rapidly developed. The capacity of the 'west-east power transmission' reaches twice that of the '2015' in 2020, so that most of the east power grids in China are high-proportion receiving-end power grids.
for a receiving-end power grid, the access of a large-capacity power supply outside the area has positive effects on power generation economy, environmental protection and the like. However, the off-site ac/dc power supply has the characteristics of relatively poor peak shaving capability, large capacity of a single-circuit line, no frequency modulation and standby service, and the like, so that the problems of operation management and safety and stability of the system are solved, on one hand, the auxiliary service requirements of the system are increased, and on the other hand, the off-site power supply does not generally provide auxiliary services such as frequency modulation and standby, and the conventional unit of the receiving-end power grid shares more auxiliary service proportions. The two aspects of effects greatly affect the operation state of the receiving-end power grid unit, the unit may operate under an uneconomical working condition or even an extreme working condition, and the receiving-end power grid unit needs to pay more operation cost for providing auxiliary service. In the existing regulation, the examination of the auxiliary service of the power supply outside the area is not included, the examination and the compensation of the conventional unit are relatively rough, and the unfairness phenomenon exists. In order to increase the aggressiveness of providing the auxiliary service, the cost of the auxiliary service induced by the off-board power supply should be calculated first, and then reasonable cost compensation measures should be taken into consideration.
In the prior art, an auxiliary service cost calculation method caused by wind power exists, but the output characteristics of an external power supply and pure wind power are different, the cost influence is not completely consistent, only rotation reserve capacity constraint is considered, primary frequency modulation reserve capacity constraint is not considered, the auxiliary service cost is not analyzed and calculated, and the method is difficult to be used for specifying a cost compensation standard.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the method considers the requirements of the regulation capacity of the external power supply and the frequency stability of the system, decomposes and calculates the auxiliary service cost caused by the external power supply according to the construction of the running cost of the generator, and is beneficial to the promotion of the compensation and the allocation of the auxiliary service of the external power supply.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a method for calculating the cost of auxiliary service caused by an external power supply based on analysis of the running cost of a generator set, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing an economic dispatching model of the receiving-end power grid participated by the external power supply, wherein the constraint of the economic dispatching model considers the peak shaving performance and frequency modulation reserve capacity constraint of the external power supply;
(2) According to the economic dispatching model, optimizing the starting and stopping states, the output level and the reserved spare capacity of various units inside and outside the area to obtain the dispatching result of the newly added power supply outside the area;
(3) Replacing newly-added external power supplies with a combination of conventional thermal power generating sets with equal capacity, and then optimizing the starting and stopping states, output levels and reserved spare capacity of various sets according to the established economic dispatching model to obtain a dispatching result after replacing the external power supplies;
(4) Analyzing the composition of unit operation cost change possibly caused by the access of an external power supply according to the possible operation state and economic parameters of the unit;
(5) And calculating the opportunity cost, the unit power generation cost and the start-stop cost of all the units under the two conditions according to the scheduling results after the power supply outside the newly added area and the power supply outside the replacement area are added, and calculating the difference value of the opportunity cost, the unit power generation cost and the start-stop cost to obtain the auxiliary service cost caused by the power supply outside the area.
Further, the economic dispatch model in step (1) is specifically:
min∑F＝min∑(CGk+Cout)+∑SGk
Wherein F is the cost of power generation, CGkFor cost of generated electricity CoutFor Start-stop costs, SGkfor the power cost of the off-site power supply, the constraints of the economic dispatch model include: the method comprises the following steps of system power balance constraint, system rotation reserve capacity constraint, output constraint and reserve capacity constraint of a generator set, unit climbing rate constraint and minimum on-off time constraint, and meanwhile peak shaving performance and frequency modulation reserve capacity constraint of an external power supply are considered.
Further, the constraints of the economic dispatch model include:
A. Peak shaving performance constraints of the off-zone power supply:
In the formula, Pout,t、the power, maximum power and minimum power of the incoming call outside the zone, Ntin order to schedule the number of time-divided periods of the cycle,The daily average output of the incoming call outside the area is obtained;
B. And (3) frequency modulation spare capacity constraint:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,For t period, the kth station participates in the primary frequency modulation reserve capacity of the primary frequency modulation unit, max { Pout,tis the maximum power deficit, Δ f, over the t period*For the maximum allowable frequency offset, K, of the systemL*Adjusting the per unit value of power, P, for a unit of loadLoad,tthe system load at time t; σ is the difference coefficient of the generator, Pk,NRated capacity of unit k, Yk,tIs the starting state of the kth unit at time t, Pk,maxIs the maximum technical output, P, of the kth unitk,tAnd (5) outputting the actual arrangement of the kth unit at the moment t.
further, in step (4), the region where external power is accessed may cause variation in unit operation cost is composed of:
a. opportunity cost of spare capacity: cop＝(ρprice-CN)×(PN-Pt)×Δt；
b. Unit power generation cost loss of reduced output peak shaving: closs＝Ct-CN；
c. The unit start-stop cost of start-stop peak regulation;
Where ρ ispricefor electricity prices on the internet for such units, CN、PNRespectively generating power and unit power under rated working conditionCost of electricity, Pt、CtThe power generation power and the unit power generation cost under the actual operation working condition are respectively, and delta t is an interval time period.
Further, the opportunity cost, the unit power generation cost and the start-stop cost of the unit in the step (5) are calculated according to the following formulas:
a. Opportunity cost of operating all conventional units for standby in a single session
b. Average unit cost of electricity generation for all conventional units for a single period of time
c. Start-stop cost of all units in scheduling period
wherein the content of the first and second substances,for the on-line electricity price of the type to which the unit k belongs, C (-) is the unit electricity cost function of the unit, Pk,tsetting up the output, C (P), for the power unit k at time tk,t) Is the unit generating cost of the power unit k in the time period t, delta t is the length of each time period, Pk,NRated capacity of unit k, Yk,tIs the starting state of the kth unit at time t, NGas a set of power units, NtIn order to schedule the number of time-divided periods of the cycle,Ck,stThe cost of a unit k to start up or shut down once.
And calculating the corresponding cost difference of the newly added external power supply and the replaced external power supply according to the formula, namely the standby opportunity cost, the peak-shaving average unit power generation cost loss and the start-stop peak shaving cost loss caused by the external power supply.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: the method calculates the auxiliary service cost caused by the external power supply on the basis of the simulated actual scheduling result, considers the requirements of the regulation capacity of the external power supply and the frequency stability of the system, and decomposes and calculates the auxiliary service cost caused by the external power supply according to the running cost of the generator. The method can be used for standard calculation of sharing auxiliary service cost by using an external power supply and compensating a conventional unit, perfects the auxiliary service management system in China, improves the positivity of providing auxiliary service for a power plant, and promotes safe, stable and economic operation of a high-proportion receiving-end power grid.
drawings
FIG. 1 is a general flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of unit power generation cost versus generated output of a single unit;
FIG. 3 is a calculation of the cost of the off-site power-induced opportunity and the cost per unit of power generation based on the analysis of the operating cost of the generator set.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to specific examples so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and can implement the present invention, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
the embodiment provides a method for calculating an auxiliary service cost caused by an external power supply based on analysis of an operation cost of a generator set, as shown in fig. 1, including the following steps:
(1) and establishing an economic dispatching model of the receiving-end power grid participated by the external power supply, wherein the constraint of the economic dispatching model considers the peak shaving performance and frequency modulation reserve capacity constraint of the external power supply.
Scheduling models to generate powerThe minimum is an optimization target, and the objective function comprises the generated electricity quantity cost C of various local unitsGkAnd start-stop cost Coutelectric quantity cost S of the power supply outside the areaGk：
min∑F＝min∑(CGk+Cout)+∑SGk
The constraints in the model include: the method comprises the following steps of system power balance constraint, system rotation reserve capacity constraint, output constraint and reserve capacity constraint of a generator set, unit climbing rate constraint and minimum start-up and shut-down time constraint. The above constraints are prior art and are not described in detail herein. The model also considers the peak-shaving performance and frequency modulation reserve capacity constraint of the power supply outside the area, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. Peak shaving performance constraints of the off-zone power supply:
In the formula, Pout,t、The power, maximum power and minimum power of the incoming call outside the zone, Ntin order to schedule the number of time-divided periods of the cycle,The daily average output of the incoming call outside the area is obtained;
B. and (3) frequency modulation spare capacity constraint:
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,For t period, the kth station participates in the primary frequency modulation reserve capacity of the primary frequency modulation unit, max { Pout,tIs the maximum power deficit of the t period, Δ f is the maximum allowed frequency offset of the system, KLper unit value of regulated power, P, of the loadLoad,tThe system load at time t; σ is the difference coefficient of the generator, Pk,NRated capacity of unit k, Yk,tIs the starting state of the kth unit at time t, Pk,maxIs the maximum technical output, P, of the kth unitk,tAnd (5) outputting the actual arrangement of the kth unit at the moment t.
According to practical experience, the constant value KL*＝1.8，σ*Not more than 5%; according to the national interconnected power grid dispatching management regulation, the frequency is required to be not more than 50 +/-0.2 Hz, and the maximum frequency deviation delta f is 0.2Hz in the example; finally, the power deficit max { P ] for each time periodout,tAnd taking the maximum channel transmission power of the extra-high voltage external power supply in the period, wherein the scheduling period is 24 periods per day.
(2) According to the economic dispatching model, optimizing the starting and stopping states, the output level and the reserved spare capacity of various units inside and outside the area to obtain the dispatching result of the newly added power supply outside the area;
For example, according to the design of a certain provincial power grid, the unit information, the system load and the like of the power grid are more practical. The information of the receiving-end power grid unit is shown in a table 1, and the information of the external power supply is shown in a table 2.
TABLE 1 parameters of each unit of receiving-end power grid
TABLE 2 out-of-zone Power parameters
In the extra-zone power supply, the number 6-11 is the newly added extra-zone power supply.
(3) replacing newly-added external power supplies with a combination of conventional thermal power generating sets with equal capacity, and then optimizing the starting and stopping states, output levels and reserved spare capacity of various sets according to the established economic dispatching model to obtain a dispatching result after replacing the external power supplies;
in the previous example, the capacity of the power supply outside the newly added area is about 3800MW, and the power supply is replaced by the constant-capacity thermal power generating unit with the total capacity of 3900MW, and the information is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 parameters of each unit of receiving-end power grid for replacing newly added external power supply
(4) And analyzing the constitution of unit operation cost change caused by the access of the external power supply according to the possible operation state and economic parameters of the unit.
According to the characteristics that an out-of-area large-capacity power supply generally has poor peak regulation capacity, large capacity of a single-circuit line of the out-of-area power supply and unstable reliability, a local conventional unit is required to bear more peak regulation tasks, more rotary spare capacity and primary frequency modulation capacity are reserved, and therefore the conventional unit needs to reduce output operation and increase the starting and stopping times of the unit. The unit power generation cost is increased, the peak shaving cost is increased, the opportunity cost of idle capacity is increased, and the standby capacity cost is increased; and meanwhile, the frequency of starting and stopping the unit is increased, and the peak regulation cost of starting and stopping the unit is additionally increased.
As shown in FIG. 2, the slash is the relationship between the unit power generation cost and the power generation output of a single unit, and ρ ispricethe price of the on-line electricity of the unit is obtained. The generator set is used for providing peak regulation and backup in consideration of the influence of an off-site power supplyAnd (4) using the auxiliary service, and moving the unit operation point from A to B. The unit generation cost rises, which is the peak shaving cost, and the opportunity cost of the spare capacity increases, which is the spare capacity cost. And meanwhile, the frequency of starting and stopping the unit is increased, and the peak regulation cost of starting and stopping the unit is additionally increased.
for a single unit, the additional cost of ancillary services that may be incurred by an off-site power supply is:
a. Opportunity cost of spare capacity: cop＝(ρprice-CN)×(PN-Pt)×Δt
b. Unit power generation cost loss of reduced output peak shaving: closs＝Ct-CN
c. Start-stop peak shaving unit start-stop cost
Wherein, CN、PNrespectively the generated power and the unit generated cost under the rated working condition, Pt、Ctthe power generation power and the unit power generation cost under the actual operation working condition are respectively.
(5) And calculating the opportunity cost, the unit power generation cost and the start-stop cost of all the units under the two conditions according to the scheduling results after the power supply outside the newly added area and the power supply outside the replacement area are added, and calculating the difference value of the opportunity cost, the unit power generation cost and the start-stop cost to obtain the auxiliary service cost caused by the power supply outside the area.
a. Opportunity cost for all conventional units to run standby for a single session:
b. Average unit cost of electricity generation for all conventional units for a single period:
c. In the dispatching cycle, the start-stop cost of all the units is as follows:
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,the unit is the on-line electricity price of the type of the unit k, C (·) unit electricity generation cost function of the unit, C (P)k,t) Is the unit generating cost of the power unit k in the t time period, delta t is the length of each time period, Ck,stthe cost of a unit k to start up or shut down once.
The grid electricity price of the thermal power generating unit is 391 yuan/MWh, and the grid electricity price of the gas power generating unit is 690 yuan/MWh.
According to the formula, the corresponding cost difference between the new external power supply and the replacement external power supply under the two scheduling results is calculated, namely the standby opportunity cost, the peak-shaving average unit power generation cost loss and the start-stop peak-shaving cost loss caused by the external power supply are calculated, and the table 4 shows the difference.
TABLE 4 calculation of out-of-zone power induced auxiliary service cost
From table 4, from the opportunity cost, the opportunity cost under the newly added out-of-zone power scheme exceeds twice of the alternative scheme, it can be seen that the unit provides peak shaving, more spinning reserve and primary frequency modulation capacity, resulting in a large amount of idle starting capacity, thereby causing a sharp increase in opportunity cost, and the reserve opportunity costs of the thermal power unit and the gas unit caused by the out-of-zone power are 627 ten thousand yuan and 34 ten thousand yuan respectively, and 661 ten thousand yuan in total. The gas engine assembling machine is small in total amount and correspondingly small in cost occupation ratio, but the power generation cost of the gas engine unit is far higher than that of a thermal power unit, the power generation cost of a peak regulation unit caused by an external power supply is increased to 31.6 yuan/MWh, and the peak regulation start-stop cost is 391 ten thousand yuan.
Fig. 3 compares the results of calculations of the out-of-zone power-induced opportunity cost and the unit power generation cost based on the analysis of the operating cost of the generator set, and it can be seen that: the proportion of the unit power generation cost of the fire gas generator set induced by the power supply outside the area is increased by about 6-14 percent, and the power generation cost is relatively uniform; the rate of increase in the opportunity cost caused by the off-site power source is more different at each time interval.

Claims (5)

1. A method for calculating the cost of auxiliary service caused by an off-site power supply based on analysis of the running cost of a generator set is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Establishing an economic dispatching model of the receiving-end power grid participated by the external power supply, wherein the constraint of the economic dispatching model considers the peak shaving performance and frequency modulation reserve capacity constraint of the external power supply;
(2) According to the economic dispatching model, optimizing the starting and stopping states, the output level and the reserved spare capacity of various units inside and outside the area to obtain the dispatching result of the newly added power supply outside the area;
(3) Replacing newly-added external power supplies with a combination of conventional thermal power generating sets with equal capacity, and then optimizing the starting and stopping states, output levels and reserved spare capacity of various sets according to the established economic dispatching model to obtain a dispatching result after replacing the external power supplies;
(4) Analyzing the composition of unit operation cost change possibly caused by the access of an external power supply according to the possible operation state and economic parameters of the unit;
(5) And calculating the opportunity cost, the unit power generation cost and the start-stop cost of all the units under the two conditions according to the scheduling results after the power supply outside the newly added area and the power supply outside the replacement area are added, and calculating the difference value of the opportunity cost, the unit power generation cost and the start-stop cost to obtain the auxiliary service cost caused by the power supply outside the area.
2. The method for calculating the cost of auxiliary service caused by the off-board power supply based on the analysis of the running cost of the generator set according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the economic dispatching model in the step (1) is specifically as follows:
min∑F＝min∑(CGk+Cout)+∑SGk
wherein F is the cost of power generation, CGkfor cost of generated electricity Coutfor Start-stop costs, SGkFor the power cost of the off-site power supply, the constraints of the economic dispatch model include: system power balance constraint, system rotation reserve capacity constraint, generator set output constraint and reserve capacity constraint, generator set climbing speed constraint and minimum on-off time constraint, and simultaneously considers peak regulation of external power supplyperformance and fm spare capacity constraints.
3. The method for calculating the cost of auxiliary service caused by the off-board power supply based on the analysis of the running cost of the generator set according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the constraints of the economic dispatch model include:
A. Peak shaving performance constraints of the off-zone power supply:
In the formula, Pout,t、The power, maximum power and minimum power of the incoming call outside the zone, NtIn order to schedule the number of time-divided periods of the cycle,The daily average output of the incoming call outside the area is obtained;
B. And (3) frequency modulation spare capacity constraint:
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,For the kth station of t periodPrimary frequency modulation spare capacity of frequency unit, max { P }out,tIs the maximum power deficit, Δ f, over the t period*For the maximum allowable frequency offset, K, of the systemL*adjusting the per unit value of power, P, for a unit of loadLoad,tthe system load at time t; σ is the difference coefficient of the generator, Pk,NRated capacity of unit k, Yk,tIs the starting state of the kth unit at time t, Pk,maxIs the maximum technical output, P, of the kth unitk,tand (5) outputting the actual arrangement of the kth unit at the moment t.
4. The method for calculating the cost of auxiliary service caused by the off-board power supply based on the analysis of the running cost of the generator set according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the power access outside the area possibly causes the change of the unit operation cost, and the structure is as follows:
a. opportunity cost of spare capacity: cop＝(ρprice-CN)×(PN-Pt)×Δt；
b. Unit power generation cost loss of reduced output peak shaving: closs＝Ct-CN；
c. the unit start-stop cost of start-stop peak regulation;
Where ρ ispriceFor electricity prices on the internet for such units, CN、PNrespectively the generated power and the unit generated cost under the rated working condition, Pt、CtThe power generation power and the unit power generation cost under the actual operation working condition are respectively, and delta t is an interval time period.
5. the method for calculating the cost of auxiliary service caused by the off-board power supply based on the analysis of the running cost of the generator set according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the opportunity cost, unit power generation cost and start-stop cost calculation formula of the unit in the step (5) is as follows:
a. Opportunity cost of operating all conventional units for standby in a single session
b. Average unit cost of electricity generation for all conventional units for a single period of time
c. Start-stop cost of all units in scheduling period
wherein the content of the first and second substances,For the on-line electricity price of the type to which the unit k belongs, C (-) is the unit electricity cost function of the unit, Pk,tsetting up the output, C (P), for the power unit k at time tk,t) Is the unit generating cost of the power unit k in the time period t, delta t is the length of each time period, Pk,NRated capacity of unit k, Yk,tIs the starting state of the kth unit at time t, NGAs a set of power units, NtFor the number of divided periods of the scheduling period, Ck,stThe cost of a unit k to start up or shut down once.
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