CN108666541A - A kind of sol-gel method preparation carbon coating VOMoO4The method of lithium ion battery negative material - Google Patents

A kind of sol-gel method preparation carbon coating VOMoO4The method of lithium ion battery negative material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108666541A
CN108666541A CN201810336041.6A CN201810336041A CN108666541A CN 108666541 A CN108666541 A CN 108666541A CN 201810336041 A CN201810336041 A CN 201810336041A CN 108666541 A CN108666541 A CN 108666541A
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vomoo
carbon
lithium ion
ion battery
method described
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CN108666541B (en
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董有忠
赵龙
赵彦明
熊真敏
俸靖杰
黄春茂
陈斯源
黎小龙
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South China University of Technology SCUT
South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/366Composites as layered products
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/483Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/628Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of sol-gel methods to prepare carbon coating VOMoO4The method of lithium ion battery negative material, this approach includes the following steps:Molybdenum source, vanadium source are added to the water, then be added water-soluble carbon material, be stirred under heating, dry after presoma;It is sintered after presoma is ground, dusty material is ground to obtain after natural cooling;Dusty material is put into tube furnace, 650 750 DEG C of 6 12h of sintering processes under protective atmosphere, then natural cooling after being down to 400 500 DEG C, obtains carbon coating VOMoO4Lithium ion battery negative material.This method breaches original elevated-temperature seal preparation means, successfully prepares the VOMoO of carbon coated4.Carbon material is added under liquid phase state, effectively prevents the reunion of material granule, obtained material granule degree becomes smaller;And carbon coating improves VOMoO4Conductivity.The battery of material assembling shows the cycle performance that high charge/discharge capacity is become reconciled.

Description

A kind of sol-gel method preparation carbon coating VOMoO4Lithium ion battery negative material Method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical fields prepared by lithium ion battery material, and in particular to a kind of sol-gel method prepares carbon Coat VOMoO4The method of lithium ion battery negative material.
Background technology
Rechargeable lithium ion batteries have energy density height, output voltage height, good rate capability, have extended cycle life, battery Operating temperature range is wide, self-discharge rate is small, light weight, it is environment friendly and pollution-free the advantages that, be most popular mobile power equipment, And gradually in electric vehicle, the MW class energy-accumulating power station such as hybrid vehicle, intelligent grid field plays a significant role.However make For traditional business lithium cell cathode material, graphite can not meet requirement of the large scale equipment in secure context.In high current, low In the case of voltage, lithium ion can form the dendrite of lithium metal in graphite surface nonuniform deposition, pierce through diaphragm and cause short circuit, most Cause safety accident eventually.Lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) there is in good invertibity and process of intercalation almost negligible body Product variation, is considered the negative material of great potential and is constantly investigated by researcher.However there is also itself for lithium titanate The shortcomings that, such as smaller specific capacity (~ 150mAh/g) and higher embedding lithium voltage (~ 1.55V).In order to meet the need in market Ask, develop with high power capacity, it is high-power, can high current charge-discharge and the high new type lithium ion battery material of cyclical stability, Have become the hot spot of today's society research.
The study found that transition metal oxide due to the advantage that its storage is abundant and theoretical specific capacity is high by The extensive concern of various countries researchers.Based on the transition metal oxide of conversion reaction mechanism, can be converted during lithiumation For the metal cluster of embedded lithium compound matrix, during de- lithium, metal cluster and lithium compound are again reversible is converted to transition gold Belong to compound, to show huge storage lithium performance.However the poorly conductive of transition metal oxide itself, surface easily occur Dusting can greatly reduce the invertibity of electrode reaction, to make its cyclical stability be deteriorated.Using material nano, pattern The technological means such as regulation and control and carbon coating can effectively improve its chemical property.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of lithium ion battery materials simple for process, easy to operate, function admirable to close At method, i.e., a kind of sol-gel method prepares carbon coating VOMoO4The method of lithium ion battery negative material.This method technique Simply, the reaction time is short, and temperature is low, at low cost, it is often more important that the electrode material granules of synthesis are small, conductivity is high, thus electricity Chemical property is excellent.The carbon coating VOMoO that the present invention synthesizes4Negative material has high charge/discharge capacity and fabulous cyclicity Can, promise to be next-generation lithium ion battery negative material.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows.
A kind of sol-gel method preparation carbon coating VOMoO4The method of lithium ion battery negative material, including walk as follows Suddenly:
(1)Form presoma:Molybdenum source, vanadium source are added to the water and are stirred, water-soluble carbon material is then added, is stirred under heating shape At stable colloid, presoma is obtained after dry;
(2)Pretreatment:By step(1)Presoma grinding after high-purity argon gas protection under 250-450 DEG C sintering, natural cooling Afterwards, grinding obtains dusty material;
(3)Sintering reaction:By step(2)Obtained dusty material is put into tube furnace, the 650-750 under high-purity argon gas protection DEG C sintering processes 6-12h, then it is down to 400-500 DEG C, last natural cooling obtains carbon coating VOMoO4Negative electrode of lithium ion battery material Material.
Preferably, step(1)The molybdenum source is MoO3With one kind in ammonium molybdate;The vanadium source is V2O3、V2O5And VO2In One or more mixing;The molar ratio of molybdenum and vanadium is 1 in the colloidal sol of the molybdenum source and vanadium source composition:1.
Preferably, step(1)The water-soluble carbon material be made of three kinds of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen elements, can be in high temperature and low Cracking generates carbon compound under the anaerobic state of reaction temperature.
It is further preferred that the water-soluble carbon material is one in sucrose, glucose, citric acid, cellulose and starch Kind.
Preferably, step(1)The addition of the water-soluble carbon material meets the amount that the cracking of water-soluble carbon material generates carbon Account for total carbon-coated VOMoO4The 1~20% of lithium ion battery negative material weight.
Preferably, step(1)The temperature of the heating stirring is 60-80 DEG C, further preferably 80 DEG C.
Preferably, step(2)The time of the sintering is 2-6h.
Preferably, step(2), step(3)The protective atmosphere is high-purity argon atmosphere.
Preferably, step(3)Middle dusty material needs that sequin is made after being compacted, and places into tube furnace and is sintered Processing;The pressure of the compacting is 5-10MPa.Preferably, step(3)With the rate of temperature fall of 1-2 DEG C/min after middle sintering processes It is down to 400-500 DEG C, is further preferably down to 500 DEG C with the rate of temperature fall of 1 DEG C/min.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following remarkable advantage:
(1)The present invention is added in the feed contains carbon encapsulated material, helps to inhibit the liter containing molybdenum, vanadium raw materials at the reaction temperatures China reconciles reaction process, makes synthesis condition that need not be limited to vacuum sealing environment again.
(2)The present invention, come mixed raw material, makes reaction raw materials be reached in liquid phase environment using the method for the collosol and gel of liquid phase Uniform mixing on to atomic level, reduces reaction temperature, shortens the reaction time, makes reaction process convenient for control, reduces Production cost.
(3)Water-soluble carbon material is added in the present invention under liquid phase state, keeps carbon coating uniform in effect complete, the material of synthesis Particle is small, the enhancing of good dispersion, large specific surface area, electric conductivity, has higher reversible appearance as lithium ion battery negative material Amount and fabulous cycle performance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is carbon coating VOMoO in embodiment 14The X ray diffracting spectrum of lithium ion battery negative material.
Fig. 2 is carbon coating VOMoO in embodiment 14The scanning electron microscope collection of illustrative plates of lithium ion battery negative material.
Fig. 3 is 1 gained battery of embodiment in 0.01-3.0V voltage ranges, and current density is that the preceding of 100mA/g fills three times Discharge curve;
Fig. 4 is 1 gained battery of embodiment in 0.01-3.0V voltage ranges, and the circulation performance under different current densities is bent Line chart;
Fig. 5 is 1 gained battery of embodiment in 0.01-3.0V voltage ranges, and current density is the long circulating performance under 100mA/g Curve graph;
Fig. 6 is carbon coating VOMoO in embodiment 24The X ray diffracting spectrum of lithium ion battery negative material.
Fig. 7 is carbon coating VOMoO in embodiment 24The scanning electron microscope collection of illustrative plates of lithium ion battery negative material.
Fig. 8 is carbon coating VOMoO in embodiment 34The X ray diffracting spectrum of lithium ion battery negative material.
Fig. 9 is carbon coating VOMoO in embodiment 44The X ray diffracting spectrum of lithium ion battery negative material.
Specific implementation mode
In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the invention will be further described with attached drawing in conjunction with the embodiments, but the present invention Claimed range is not limited to the range of following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
By MoO3、V2O3、V2O5Raw material presses 4:1:1 molar ratio precise, first by V2O3It is dissolved in constant temperature magnetic in 50 DEG C of distilled water Power stirs 0.5 hour, and MoO is then added3Magnetic agitation 0.5 hour, adds V2O5Keep 60 DEG C of temperature constant magnetic stirrings 0.5 small When, it is eventually adding MoO3、V2O3And V2O5The citric acid of three's gross mass 15% is evaporated under the conditions of 80 DEG C, is formed uniform and stable Colloid air-dries obtained 100 DEG C of dryings of colloid, the presoma after being dried after 12 hours;Presoma grinding is uniform 400 DEG C of sintering 5h under straight argon atmosphere afterwards, after natural cooling, grinding obtains dusty material;Dusty material is regrind Afterwards with the pressure compaction of 7MPa, small cylinder is made, is put into tube furnace, 700 DEG C of sintering processes 6h under straight argon atmosphere, then with The rate of temperature fall of 1 DEG C/min is down to 500 DEG C, and last natural cooling obtains carbon coating VOMoO4Lithium ion battery negative material, should XRD spectrum, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph difference of material are as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, it is seen that material prepared better crystallinity degree, free from admixture.It will system Standby carbon coating VOMoO4Lithium ion battery negative material is assembled into button cell in the glove box full of hydrogen, close in electric current Degree is for charging and discharging curve under 100mA/g as shown in figure 3,3 times apparent platform occurs in charging and discharging curve as seen from the figure;Fig. 4 tables Under bright difference current density, carbon coating VOMoO4Lithium ion battery negative material shows height ratio capacity and stability;Fig. 5 is further Demonstrate carbon coating VOMoO4Lithium ion battery negative material remains the height of 680mAh/g in the case where current density is 100mA/g Specific capacity and fabulous stability.Same experimental method, 700 DEG C of sintering processes 9h under straight argon atmosphere, obtained carbon coating VOMoO4Material is as negative electrode of lithium ion battery, in the case where current density is 100mA/g, reaches the height of 910mAh/g in electric discharge for the first time Specific capacity.
Embodiment 2
By MoO3、V2O3、V2O5Raw material presses 4:1:1 molar ratio precise, first by V2O3It is dissolved in constant temperature magnetic in 50 DEG C of distilled water Power stirs 0.5 hour, and MoO is then added3Magnetic agitation 0.5 hour, adds V2O5Keep 60 DEG C of temperature constant magnetic stirrings 0.5 small When, it is eventually adding MoO3、V2O3And V2O5The sucrose of three's gross mass 10% is evaporated under the conditions of 80 DEG C, forms uniform and stable glue Body air-dries obtained 100 DEG C of dryings of colloid, the presoma after being dried after 12 hours;After presoma grinding uniformly 400 DEG C of sintering 5h under straight argon atmosphere, after natural cooling, grinding obtains dusty material;After dusty material is regrind With the pressure compaction of 5MPa, small cylinder is made, is put into tube furnace, 750 DEG C of sintering processes 12h under straight argon atmosphere, then with 1 DEG C/rate of temperature fall of min is down to 500 DEG C, last natural cooling obtains carbon coating VOMoO4Lithium ion battery negative material, should The XRD spectrum of material is as shown in fig. 6, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph is as shown in Figure 7, it is seen that prepared material crystalline degree is good, free from admixture. Current density is still to have the height ratio capacity of 500mAh/g after 50 charge and discharge under 100mA/g, embody preferable stable circulation Property.
Embodiment 3
By MoO3、VO2Raw material presses 1:1 molar ratio precise, first by MoO3It is dissolved in temperature constant magnetic stirring in 50 DEG C of distilled water 0.5 hour, VO is then added2Magnetic agitation 1 hour, is eventually adding MoO3And VO2The citric acid of the two gross mass 15% is at 80 DEG C Under the conditions of be evaporated, form uniform and stable colloid, by obtained 100 DEG C of dryings of colloid air-dry, after being dried after 12 hours Presoma;By after presoma grinding uniformly under straight argon atmosphere 400 DEG C of sintering 5h, after natural cooling, grinding obtains powdered Material;With the pressure compaction of 10MPa after dusty material is regrind, small cylinder is made, is put into tube furnace, in straight argon The lower 650 DEG C of sintering processes 9h of atmosphere, then 500 DEG C are down to the rate of temperature fall of 1 DEG C/min, last natural cooling obtains carbon coating VOMoO4The XRD spectrum of lithium ion battery negative material, the material is as shown in Figure 8, it is seen that material prepared better crystallinity degree, without miscellaneous Matter.In the case where current density is 200mA/g, still there is the specific capacity of 400mAh/g after 10 charge and discharge.
Embodiment 4
By MoO3、VO2Raw material presses 1:1 molar ratio precise, first by MoO3It is dissolved in temperature constant magnetic stirring in 50 DEG C of distilled water 0.5 hour, VO is then added2Magnetic agitation 1 hour, is eventually adding MoO3And VO2The sucrose of the two gross mass 10% is in 80 DEG C of items It is evaporated under part, forms uniform and stable colloid, obtained 100 DEG C of dryings of colloid air-dried, after being dried after 12 hours Presoma;By after presoma grinding uniformly under straight argon atmosphere 400 DEG C of sintering 5h, after natural cooling, grinding obtains powdered material Material;With the pressure compaction of 7MPa after dusty material is regrind, small cylinder is made, is put into tube furnace, in pure argon The lower 700 DEG C of sintering processes 12h of atmosphere, then 500 DEG C are down to the rate of temperature fall of 1 DEG C/min, last natural cooling obtains carbon coating VOMoO4The XRD spectrum of lithium ion battery negative material, the material is as shown in Figure 9, it is seen that material prepared better crystallinity degree, without miscellaneous Matter.In the case where current density is 500mA/g, still there is the height ratio capacity of 300mAh/g after 10 charge and discharge, embody preferable ratio Capacity and cyclical stability.
As can be seen from the above-described embodiment, carbon coating VOMoO is prepared using the method for sol-gel4Lithium ion battery Negative material not only breaches original elevated-temperature seal preparation means, successfully prepares the VOMoO of carbon coated4.And in liquid phase Water-soluble carbon material is added under state, also makes covered effect uniformly complete, since amorphous carbon exists, granularity becomes smaller, effectively Ground prevents the reunion of material granule, increases specific surface area, to improve the ion diffusion rates of product;The cladding of carbon simultaneously Improve VOMoO4Electronic conductivity, compared with traditional elevated-temperature seal solid phase method, using sol-gel method prepare Carbon coating VOMoO4Higher charge/discharge capacity and better cycle performance are shown as lithium ion battery negative material.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of sol-gel method prepares carbon coating VOMoO4The method of lithium ion battery negative material, which is characterized in that including Following steps:
(1)Form presoma:Molybdenum source, vanadium source are added to the water and are stirred, water-soluble carbon material is then added, is stirred under heating shape At stable colloid, presoma is obtained after dry;
(2)Pretreatment:By step(1)Presoma grinding after the 250-450 DEG C of sintering under protective atmosphere, after natural cooling, grind Mill obtains dusty material;
(3)Sintering reaction:By step(2)Obtained dusty material is put into tube furnace, the 650-750 DEG C of burning under protective atmosphere Knot processing 6-12h, then it is down to 400-500 DEG C, last natural cooling obtains carbon coating VOMoO4Lithium ion battery negative material.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step(1)The molybdenum source is MoO3With one kind in ammonium molybdate Or two kinds of mixing;The vanadium source is V2O3、V2O5And VO2In one or more mixing;What the molybdenum source and vanadium source formed The molar ratio of molybdenum and vanadium is 1 in colloidal sol:1.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step(1)The water-soluble carbon material is by carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Three kinds of elements composition, cracking can generate carbon compound under high temperature and anaerobic state less than reaction temperature.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the water-soluble carbon material is sucrose, glucose, lemon One kind in acid, cellulose and starch.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step(1)The addition of the water-soluble carbon material meets The amount that the cracking of water-soluble carbon material generates carbon accounts for total carbon-coated VOMoO4The 1 of lithium ion battery negative material weight~ 20%.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step(1)The temperature of the heating stirring is 60-80 DEG C.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step(2)The time of the sintering is 4-6h.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step(2), step(3)The protective atmosphere is high-purity Argon atmospher.
9. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step(3)Middle dusty material needs to be made after being compacted small Disk is placed into tube furnace and is sintered;The pressure of the compacting is 5-10MPa.
10. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step(3)With the drop of 1-2 DEG C/min after middle sintering processes Warm rate is down to 400-500 DEG C.
CN201810336041.6A 2018-04-16 2018-04-16 Sol-gel method for preparing carbon-coated VOMoO4Method for preparing lithium ion battery cathode material Expired - Fee Related CN108666541B (en)

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