CN108664743A - A kind of coal mine dynamic load based on overlying strata evolution Feature shows method for numerical simulation - Google Patents
A kind of coal mine dynamic load based on overlying strata evolution Feature shows method for numerical simulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108664743A CN108664743A CN201810461961.0A CN201810461961A CN108664743A CN 108664743 A CN108664743 A CN 108664743A CN 201810461961 A CN201810461961 A CN 201810461961A CN 108664743 A CN108664743 A CN 108664743A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/06—Power analysis or power optimisation
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of coal mine dynamic loads based on overlying strata evolution Feature to show method for numerical simulation, includes the following steps：1, collect the related geological information of working face to be exploited；2, Three-dimensional CAD is established according to the related geological information being collected into, carries out standing balance calculating；3, judge whether top plate unit is destroyed according to the variation of top plate unit physical efficiency amount in calculating process, the energy of roof destruction release is calculated if occurring to destroy；4, judge whether fault plane occurs " to slide " according to the displacement vector of calculating process interruption level and shearing stress drop variation；Computed tomography slides focal shock parameter if fault plane starts " to slide "；5, the above process is repeated, until working face mining terminates.The method of the present invention is realized to the simulation that Roof Breaking, fault plane slide in exploitation overall process, and dynamic load Strata Behavior is disclosed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power during a kind of working face mining to show method for numerical simulation, and in particular to one kind is suitable for
The method for numerical simulation based on overlying strata evolution Feature that dynamic load shows is influenced in the recovery process of underground coal mine coal wall.
Background technology
With the continuous increase of coal in China mining depth and difficulty, impulsion pressure, the coal and gas prominent of initiation are exploited
Showing with strong mine pressure waits engineering project disasters increasingly severe, seriously constrains the safe and efficient production of mine.Therefore, stope mine pressing is studied
Strata Behavior especially adopts dynamic load Strata Behavior, and providing theoretical foundation and on-the-spot guidance for damage control has important reason
By and realistic meaning.
Studies have shown that impulsion pressure generation mainly with the dead load that coal and rock is carried in working face mining active process and move
Load is related.Dead load in digging spatial peripheral coal and rock mainly by country rock weight stress, tectonic stress and adopts rear overlying strata
The compositions such as mining induced stress caused by structure evolution, dynamic load disturbance mainly including mining space top board come press, movement,
Digging coal petrography mine shake activity caused by the destruction of working face coal body and fault slip etc..In recent years, underground coal mine dynamic load and digging
Country rock static load superposition, which induces to impact to show, to be gradually taken seriously.In conclusion the evolution that rear sand coated iron mold is adopted in research is special
It is significant that sign and its induction dynamic load Strata Behavior carry distribution for working face sound.And for large scales, complexity such as mining
The research of engineering problem, numerical simulation are intuitive with it, efficient, quick convenient for inverting scene complex geological condition and progress quantity of parameters
The characteristics of perceptual analysis and advantage are used widely in mine pressure research.However, current Numerical modelling acquired results
There is larger difference with reality.And it top plate rupture in recovery process, is caving and release, the support repeatedly such as goaf filling, pressure-bearing
Effect influences stress distribution notable.Therefore numerical simulation is carried out to stope mine pressing Strata Behavior, it especially adopts dynamic load and shows rule
The research of rule is very important.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome deficiency in the prior art, a kind of work based on overlying strata evolution Feature is provided
Face exploitation overall process dynamic load shows method for numerical simulation, to the simulation that Roof Breaking, fault plane slide in exploitation overall process, discloses
Dynamic load Strata Behavior.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of coal mine dynamic loads based on overlying strata evolution Feature to show numerical value
Analogy method, characterized in that include the following steps：
Step S1 collects the related geological information of working face to be exploited；
Step S2 establishes Three-dimensional CAD according to the related geological information being collected into, carries out standing balance calculating；
Step S3 judges whether top plate unit is destroyed according to the variation of top plate unit physical efficiency amount in calculating process, if
Occur to destroy the energy for then calculating roof destruction release；
Step S4 judges whether fault plane is sent out according to the displacement vector of calculating process interruption level and shearing stress drop variation
Raw " sliding "；Computed tomography slides focal shock parameter if fault plane starts " to slide "；
Step S5 repeats the above process, realizes coal mine dynamic load Strata Behavior, until working face mining terminates.
Further, in step S3, during numerical simulation calculation, the elastic strain in a certain section of time step of discovery
It can decline, then shearing or tensile failure occur for judging unit body.
Further, the elastic strain energy W expression formulas stored in single unit body are as follows：
Wherein, E is elasticity modulus；σ1、σ2、σ3Respectively maximum, intermediate, minimum principal stress；υ is Poisson's ratio；V is unit
The volume of body；
When shearing or tensile failure occur for top plate unit body, the energy W ' accordingly discharged is W '=W0-Wt, W0For unit
The elastic strain energy stored under body original state, WtFor the elastic strain energy of current faulted condition lower unit body storage after excavation.
Further, focal shock parameter includes seismic moment, energy and sliding rate.
Further, the calculating of seismic moment mainly uses following formula：
M0=μ × D × S (2)
Wherein, M0For seismic moment；μ be fault plane modulus of shearing, generally 2 × 109Pa；D is tomography average shear displacement
Amount；S is the area in fault slip region.
Further, energy balane mainly uses following formula：
Es=0.5 Δ σ × D × S (3)
Wherein, EsThe energy discharged by fault slip；Δ σ drops for fault plane average shearing stress, and D is tomography average shear
Displacement；S is the area in fault slip region；
Δ σ is that fault plane sliding induces mine shake forward backward averaging stress drop, can generally be acquired by following formula：
Wherein, A is the area in fault slip region；σ(t2) it is (t after fault plane sliding2Moment) shear stress；σ(t1) it is disconnected
(t before level sliding1Moment) shear stress.
Compared with prior art, the advantageous effect of the invention reached is：By to exploiting Roof Breaking in overall process, covering
The analysis of the physical processes such as rock Evolution Development, by the variation of the elastic strain energy discharged during rock mass shearing and tensile failure
Judge Roof Breaking, carries out based on fault plane maximum shear slippage and stress drop simulation fault slip start-up course and accordingly
The calculating (seismic moment, energy and sliding rate etc.) of focal shock parameter is realized with this and shows rule to influencing dynamic load in exploitation overall process
The simulation of the main process of rule, and profit FLAC3DFish language developments numerical algorithm and it is able to Numerical Implementation accordingly.The invention number
Value analogy method can simulate broadwall process well, disclose dynamic load Strata Behavior, for damage control provide theoretical foundation with
Construction guidance.
The index explicit physical meaning that the present invention provides, operability is strong, and can preferably reproduce adopt dynamic load formed and
Evolutionary process discloses dynamic load Strata Behavior.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the mathematical calculation model figure based on 3108 working faces in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 (a)~(j) is Roof Breaking hypocenter distributing figure in 1 progradation of working face in the embodiment of the present invention；(k)
For source grade schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that the exploitation of working face 2 in the embodiment of the present invention induces fault slip process interrupt level maximum shear displacement
Spirogram；
Fig. 5 is that the exploitation of working face 2 in the embodiment of the present invention induces seismic moment and energy variation song during fault slip
Line chart；
Fig. 6 (a)~(g) is that the exploitation of working face 2 in the embodiment of the present invention induces the sliding of fault slip process interrupt level
Rate changes over time curve graph；
Fig. 7 is that 2 recovery process of working face in the embodiment of the present invention interrupts level maximum sliding rate change curve；
Fig. 8 is that the island working face recovery process in the embodiment of the present invention interrupts level maximum sliding rate change curve.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Following embodiment is only used for clearly illustrating the present invention
Technical solution, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of coal mine dynamic load based on overlying strata evolution Feature of the present invention shows method for numerical simulation, as shown in Figure 1, including
Following steps：
Step S1 collects the related geological information of working face to be exploited.
The related geology information includes：The lithology of rock stratum, the physical mechanics attribute of coal and rock, working face buried depth, work
Make face length, initial rock stress field (ratio of horizontal stress and vertical stress) and fault plane physical mechanics attribute；The coal
The physical mechanics attribute of rock mass includes that coal petrography body thickness, elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio, density, internal friction angle, cohesive force and single shaft are anti-
Tensile strength；The physical mechanics attribute of the fault plane includes fault plane internal friction angle, normal stiffness and shear stiffness etc..
Step S2 establishes Three-dimensional CAD according to the related geological information being collected into, carries out standing balance calculating.
Using FLAC in the prior art in the present invention3DSoftware establishes Three-dimensional CAD, then grid division, model parameter
Setting, boundary condition and primary condition setting, standing balance calculating etc., obtain overlying strata evolution distributed data, such as stress and position
It moves.
Above-mentioned steps are the general step of FLAC3D finite difference modellings, are the prior art, as write referring to Peng Wenbin
《FLAC3D practicality study courses》.
The unusual thickness for essentially consisting in roof strata and coal seam of the geological information of collection and relevant mechanical attribute
Difference cause model size and each layer of thickness and attribute it is different, corresponding mesh generation is also different.
Step S3 judges whether top plate unit is destroyed according to the variation of top plate unit physical efficiency amount in calculating process, if
Occur to destroy the energy for then calculating roof destruction release.
In mining engineering, top plate refers to the rock stratum for being located at certain distance above coal seam.Generally in FLAC3D numerical simulations
It is broadly divided into three parts, coal seam, top plate and bottom plate, the cell cube above coal seam belongs to top plate and (may include multiple layers of position and rock
Property), the cell cube below coal seam belongs to bottom plate (similarly, may include multiple layers of position and lithology).Entire FLAC3D numerical computations
Model is made of Finite Difference Meshes, and Finite Difference Meshes cover the entire physical region to be analyzed, minimum grid
May only include a cell cube, however the grid of most problems includes hundreds of thousands of grids.Cell cube (zone)：Have
Difference unit body is limited, is the minimum geometric areas for analyzing phenomenon (such as stress, strain) variation.It has different shapes, such as long
Cube, wedge, centrum, tetrahedron etc. form FLAC3D models by it.
In model digging process, the elastic strain energy W expression formulas stored in single unit body are as follows：
Wherein, E is elasticity modulus；σ1、σ2、σ3Respectively maximum, intermediate, minimum principal stress；υ is Poisson's ratio；V is unit
The volume of body.
During numerical simulation calculation, calculated once according to above-mentioned expression formula every certain step number using Fish language
The elastic strain energy stored in cell cube, when finding that the elastic strain energy in a certain section of time step declines, i.e. W0>Wt(W0For
The elastic strain energy stored under cell cube original state, WtFor the elastic strain of current faulted condition lower unit body storage after excavation
Can), then (once failure by shear occurs for cell cube, then the strain energy calculated is for judging unit body generation shearing or tensile failure
The shear strain energy of storage, on the contrary tensile failure occurs, then the strain energy calculated is the elongation strain energy of storage), record is corresponding
The energy W of release, (W ,=W0-Wt) and (position mainly determines by X, Y and Z axis coordinate, i.e. FLAC3D softwares for the position of cell cube
Middle Fish language：Z_xcen (p_z), z_yxcen (p_zW) and z_zcen (p_z)).
With the exploitation of working face, the top plate above coal seam can be broken successively, be counted in FLAC3D softwares by monitoring
The destruction of coal seam upper unit body releases energy during calculation, accordingly can determine whether out whether top plate occurs to be broken and its be broken
The energy W discharged in journey,.
Step S4 interrupts the displacement vector of level according to calculating process and shearing stress drop judgment models digging process interrupts
Whether level, which occurs, " slides "；After judging that fault plane starts " to slide ", carry out fault slip focal shock parameter correlation computations and
Analysis；
There is shearing stress drop along fault plane when tomography displacement vector reaches a certain value according to Mine Earthquakes theory.
Therefore, in carrying out FLAC3D numerical simulations, when there is mutation and shearing stress drop in the displacement vector of section in calculating process,
It can determine whether that fault plane starts to slide.
In general, focal shock parameter is mainly made of seismic moment, energy and sliding rate etc..
A：The calculating of seismic moment mainly uses following formula in numerical simulation calculation：
M0=μ × D × S (2)
Wherein, M0For seismic moment；μ be fault plane modulus of shearing, generally 2 × 109Pa；D is tomography average shear displacement
Amount；S is the area in fault slip region.Fault plane displacement vector and sliding area can be supervised by corresponding FISH language
It surveys and obtains.
B：Energy balane mainly uses following formula in numerical simulation calculation：
Es=0.5 Δ σ × D × S (3)
Wherein, EsThe energy discharged by fault slip；Δ σ drops for fault plane average shearing stress, and D is tomography average shear
Displacement；S is the area in fault slip region.
Δ σ is that fault plane sliding induces mine shake forward backward averaging stress drop, can generally be acquired by following formula：
Wherein, A is the area in fault slip region；σ(t2) it is (t after fault plane sliding2Moment) shear stress；σ(t1) it is disconnected
(t before level sliding1Moment) shear stress.
C：Sliding rate is also the important indicator for judging fault slip Tectonic earthquake wave, is mainly passed through in numerical simulation calculation
The changing rule of digging process interruption level sliding rate is monitored to judge tomography by the stability under mining influence.It is corresponding sliding
Acquisition can be monitored by corresponding FISH language by moving rate.
Step S5 repeats the above process, realizes coal mine dynamic load Strata Behavior, until working face mining terminates.
According to correlation criterion, as long as fault slip rate is no more than 0.99m/s, although fault slip, only discharge
Energy, it is smaller for the shock hazard influence of working face, in engineering real process, it need to only reinforce the dynamic of fault activation situation
State monitors.
Embodiment
Show the situation that takes place frequently for Strong tremor in 3108 working face mining process of certain mine and carry out analytic explanation, including is following
Step：
(1) include certain mining site working face 2 (3107, i.e., close to that working face of fault plane), working face 1 (3108
East) and island working face (3108), later stage numerical simulation is reduced to working face 1, working face 2 and isolated island for convenience of differentiation and works
Face.According to actual conditions establish Fig. 2 (b) plan view (goaf be mining engineering field proper noun, it is general one work
It is become into goaf, therefore the goaf formed after goaf 1 and 2 namely the exploitation of working face 1 and 2 after the exploitation of face).
Certain 3108 working face of mine is collected into according to the measured result at scene such as the working face correlation geological information in table 1.
Table 1
(2) according to the geological information of 3108 working faces, Three-dimensional numerical calculation model is established in FLAC3D simulation softwards, according to
Actual conditions establish the modeling figure of three-dimensional numerical value shown in Fig. 2 (a).The length size of model is 500m × 500m × 396m, such as
Shown in Fig. 2, according to live crustal stress measured result, vertical stress (σ in modelzz) and horizontal stress (σxxAnd σyy) it is respectively σzz
=2MPa, σyy=16MPa, σxx=24MPa, model are calculated using strain softening model.
(3) it uses Fish language self-defined and exploits time step (this numerical simulation is 5m) execution expression of first degree (1) every 1, together
When calculate the cell cube centre coordinate and energy values obtained corresponding to Roof Breaking focus, it is final to calculate and positioning result is as schemed
Shown in 3.
It can be seen from the figure that working face mining initial stage, focus is mainly distributed on top plate middle part, working face above working face
Advance position and goaf rear, and total energy numerical value less (0~104J)；With the further exploitation of working face, focus
Distribution is similar with a upper mining phase, and for hypocenter distributing further toward evolution in front of working face, the position evolution at goaf rear is several
It is unchanged, focus develop height further up develop while seismic source energy value class become larger, i.e., high-energy mine shake (>
104J) start to occur and gradually increase.
(4) Fig. 4 show the situation of change of 2 recovery process interruption level maximum shear displacement of working face.As seen from the figure,
With the excavation successively of working face, when being excavated to first weighting (i.e. when 35m or so), fault plane displacement vector reaches peak value
(about 0.07m).For the first time, second, (advance of the face 35~95m of degree, periodic weighting step pitch during third time periodic weighting
20m), fault plane displacement vector is substantially unchanged (about 0.06m).After the 4th periodic weighting, with working face into
One step promotes, the substantially linear growth trend of fault plane displacement vector.Therefore, with the 4th week of working face 2 in the present embodiment
Phase, which presses, proceeds by Cable Power Computation (advance of the face degree>95m).
(5) according to the power of numerical simulation as a result, 2 recovery process interruption level seismic moment of working face and release energy as figure
Shown in 5.It can be seen from the figure that when the model Cable Power Computation time is 0.03s, fault plane slides, seismic moment and release
Energy reaches peak value, and seismic moment is about 3.1E+9Nm, and the energy of fault plane sliding release is about 4.4E+4J.
(6) Fig. 6 is fault plane sliding rate becomes at any time (after the 4th periodic weighting of working face) during fault slip
Change curve.In general, fault slip rate changes over time first increases and then decreases, generally all in 0.4~0.5s of Cable Power Computation
When left and right, sliding rate reaches peak value, and after fault slip, sliding rate can be reduced to a certain value.Working face 2 is adopted
Tomography maximum sliding rate extracts (as shown in Fig. 7) in the process, it is seen that with the propulsion of working face, sliding rate peak value
Constantly increase, after entire working face mining, maximum fault slip rate reaches 0.45m/s.Shown according to correlative study
When fault plane sliding velocity is no more than 0.99m/s, the fault slip under mining influence is still safer, and fault slip is released
The energy put is little, in controlled range.Therefore, although can determine whether that working face 2 is exploited along tomography, it is easy to induce tomography cunning
It moves, but the dynamic load integrally discharged is little, the shock hazard in 2 recovery process of working face is relatively low.Due to working face 2 and working face
1 is similar, and face width is only 70m, and Affected areas by mining is smaller, and mining induced stress region of variation is little, and apart from working face 1 compared with
Far (gob-surrounded pillar of intermediate isolating 100m or so, i.e. 3108 island working faces), it is mutual between two working faces in recovery process
It influences little.
(7) step (1)~(6) are repeated, until working face mining terminates, Fig. 8 is in island working face recovery process
The change curve of the fault plane sliding rate peak value of extraction.As seen from the figure, in island working face recovery process, induction is exploited
Ascendant trend is integrally presented in fault slip rate peak value, i.e., with the propulsion of working face (increase of limit of mining), rate peak
The variation of value shows as period transition：Ladder rises to 0.5m/s, 0.6m/ after being reduced to 0.26m/s by 0.765 initial m/s
s、0.8m/s.It can therefrom find, the transition period of rate peak value each time corresponds to four main mining phases respectively, i.e., just
It is secondary to press (30m), single stope square (100m), double face square (170m), three working face square (240m), thus it can push away
Disconnected, in this stage, island working face sand coated iron mold motion intense, mine pressure shows significantly.It is worth noting that at the beginning of island working face
Secondary to press stage fault slip rate peak value higher (0.765m/s), this can also be used to explain preservation architectonic isolated island work
Make face open-off cut to first weighting stage impact and shows the phenomenon that gradually increasing.Simultaneously, it is possible to find in working face mining latter stage, break
Layer sliding rate peak value is increasing (linear to increase), close even greater than tomography critical glide rate peak value (0.99m/s),
It is violent to illustrate that island working face develops in exploitation latter stage sand coated iron mold, is easy to induction fault activation, sliding discharges big energy.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications can also be made
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of coal mine dynamic load based on overlying strata evolution Feature shows method for numerical simulation, characterized in that include the following steps：
Step S1 collects the related geological information of working face to be exploited；
Step S2 establishes Three-dimensional CAD according to the related geological information being collected into, carries out standing balance calculating；
Step S3 judges whether top plate unit is destroyed according to the variation of top plate unit physical efficiency amount in calculating process, if occurring
Destroy the energy for then calculating roof destruction release；
Step S4 judges whether fault plane occurs according to the displacement vector of calculating process interruption level and shearing stress drop variation
" sliding "；Computed tomography slides focal shock parameter if fault plane starts " to slide "；
Step S5 repeats the above process, realizes coal mine dynamic load Strata Behavior, until working face mining terminates.
2. a kind of coal mine dynamic load based on overlying strata evolution Feature according to claim 1 shows method for numerical simulation, special
Sign is, in step S3, during numerical simulation calculation, when find a certain section of time step in elastic strain energy decline,
Then shearing or tensile failure occur for judging unit body.
3. a kind of coal mine dynamic load based on overlying strata evolution Feature according to claim 1 shows method for numerical simulation, special
Sign is that the elastic strain energy W expression formulas that are stored in single unit body are as follows：
Wherein, E is elasticity modulus；σ1、σ2、σ3Respectively maximum, intermediate, minimum principal stress；υ is Poisson's ratio；V is cell cube
Volume；
When shearing or tensile failure occur for top plate unit body, the energy W ' accordingly discharged is W '=W0-Wt, W0For at the beginning of cell cube
The elastic strain energy stored under beginning state, WtFor the elastic strain energy of current faulted condition lower unit body storage after excavation.
4. a kind of coal mine dynamic load based on overlying strata evolution Feature according to claim 1 shows method for numerical simulation, special
Sign is that focal shock parameter includes seismic moment, energy and sliding rate.
5. a kind of coal mine dynamic load based on overlying strata evolution Feature according to claim 4 shows method for numerical simulation, special
Sign is that the calculating of seismic moment mainly uses following formula：
M0=μ × D × S (2)
Wherein, M0For seismic moment；μ be fault plane modulus of shearing, generally 2 × 109Pa；D is tomography average shear displacement；S is
The area in fault slip region.
6. a kind of coal mine dynamic load based on overlying strata evolution Feature according to claim 4 shows method for numerical simulation, special
Sign is that energy balane mainly uses following formula：
Es=0.5 Δ σ × D × S (3)
Wherein, EsThe energy discharged by fault slip；Δ σ drops for fault plane average shearing stress, and D is tomography average shear displacement
Amount；S is the area in fault slip region；
Δ σ is that fault plane sliding induces mine shake forward backward averaging stress drop, can generally be acquired by following formula：
Wherein, A is the area in fault slip region；σ(t2) it is shear stress after fault plane sliding；σ(t1) it is to be cut before fault plane slides
Stress.
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