CN108664249B - Method and device for improving string storage efficiency, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium - Google Patents

Method and device for improving string storage efficiency, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium Download PDF

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CN108664249B
CN108664249B CN201810212420.4A CN201810212420A CN108664249B CN 108664249 B CN108664249 B CN 108664249B CN 201810212420 A CN201810212420 A CN 201810212420A CN 108664249 B CN108664249 B CN 108664249B
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string
preset value
string object
memory
module
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CN108664249A (en
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黄浩
张文明
陈少杰
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Wuhan Douyu Network Technology Co Ltd
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Wuhan Douyu Network Technology Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/40Transformation of program code
    • G06F8/41Compilation
    • G06F8/44Encoding
    • G06F8/441Register allocation; Assignment of physical memory space to logical memory space
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/40Transformation of program code
    • G06F8/41Compilation
    • G06F8/44Encoding

Abstract

The invention relates to a method, a device, electronic equipment and a computer readable storage medium for improving string storage efficiency, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the C + + project development, a structure body is defined, memory data of an optimized string object are stored, a character string splitting function is adopted, classification is carried out according to the size of the data bytes of the string object, corresponding memory processing is carried out, memory occupation and performance consumption of the string object caused by assignment operation are reduced, and storage efficiency is improved.

Description

Method and device for improving string storage efficiency, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computers, in particular to a method and a device for improving string storage efficiency, electronic equipment and a computer readable storage medium.
Background
String is a character String type in a C + + programming language and is mainly used for character String processing, in the development process of a C + + project, String is the most common container, wherein String is convenient to use, more character String operations are integrated, the use rate is high, the performance is critical, the common expression form is std, String is the like, the expression form is a standard C + + character String implementation form, program transplantation is facilitated by using the standard form, but some defects exist in the use process, such as large memory capacity occupation, and multiple memory copy consumption can be caused if object assignment operation occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method, an apparatus, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium for improving string storage efficiency, in which an optimized memory model of a string object is adopted, and a hierarchical storage strategy is adopted, so as to reduce memory usage and performance consumption of the string object.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a method for improving string storage efficiency, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, defining a structure body used for storing and processing string object data;
s2, calling a character string classification function, and classifying the string object data processed in the S1 according to byte size to obtain each class of the string object;
and S3, performing corresponding memory processing on each category obtained in the step S2.
In the above technical solution, in the step S1, the structure includes a data field, a size field, and a capacity field, where:
the data field is string object data;
the size field is the size of the string object;
the capacity field is the size of the capacity of the string object.
In the above technical solution, in step S2, the string object data type includes that the number of bytes is less than a first preset value, the number of bytes is between a second preset value and a third preset value, and the number of bytes is greater than the third preset value, where the first preset value is less than the second preset value, and the second preset value is less than the third preset value, where:
s21, when the byte number is smaller than a first preset value, directly placing string object data inside the string object, and distributing the memory to the stack;
s22, when the byte number is between the second preset value and the third preset value, applying for a new memory, distributing the heap memory by a dynamic memory distribution function, and storing string object data according to the structure body defined in S1;
and S23, when the byte number is larger than the third preset value, copying and processing string object data by using reference counting.
In the above technical solution, the step S23 includes the following steps:
s231, calling a reference counting creating function to create reference counting for each string object data;
s232, when the string object data is subjected to assignment operation, calling an increase reference count function to increase the reference count created in the S231 by 1;
s233, when string object data is no longer used, calling a release reference counting function to reduce the reference count by 1;
and S234, when the reference count is 0, automatically deleting the internal memory of the string object.
The invention also discloses a device for improving string storage efficiency, which comprises:
the definition module is used for defining a structural body and storing and processing data of the string object;
the classification module is used for calling a character string classification function and classifying the string object data processed in the definition module according to the byte size to obtain each module of the string object;
and the processing module is used for carrying out corresponding memory processing on each module obtained by the classification module.
In the above technical solution, the structure in the definition module includes a data field, a size field, and a capacity field, where:
the data field is data of a string object;
the size field is the size of the string object;
the capacity field is the size of the capacity of the string object.
In the above technical solution, the classification module includes a first storage module, a second storage module, and a third storage module, wherein:
the first storage module is directly placed inside the string object when the number of bytes is smaller than a first preset value, and allocates the memory to the stack;
when the byte number is between the second preset value and the third preset value, applying for a new memory, distributing the heap memory by a dynamic memory distribution function, and storing string object data according to a structure body defined in the definition module;
and the third storage module copies and processes the memory by using reference counting when the byte number is larger than a third preset value.
In the above technical solution, the third storage module includes the following modules:
the creating module is used for calling a creating reference counting function to create reference counting for each string object;
the assignment module calls an increase reference counting function to increase the reference count created in the creation module by 1 when the string object generates assignment operation, and calls a release reference counting function to decrease the reference count by 1 when the string object is not used any more;
and the deleting module is used for automatically deleting the internal memory of the string object when the reference count is 0.
The invention also discloses an electronic device, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored in the memory and can run on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the steps of any one of the methods for improving string storage efficiency when executing the computer program.
The invention also discloses a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to realize the steps of any one of the above methods for improving string storage efficiency.
The method and the system for improving string storage efficiency have the following beneficial effects: in the C + + project development, an optimized string object memory storage strategy is adopted, the memory occupation of the string object can be effectively improved, and the memory copy consumption of the string object caused by assignment operation is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for improving string storage efficiency according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a string object classification implementation method provided in the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a reference counting method for improving string storage efficiency according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a module of an apparatus for improving string storage efficiency according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device for improving string storage efficiency according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method, a device, electronic equipment and a computer readable storage medium for improving string storage efficiency, which are used for reducing memory occupation and performance consumption of string objects.
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for improving string storage efficiency, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:
s1, defining a structure body used for storing and processing string object data;
the structure body is a data set formed by a series of data with the same type or different types, a structure body is defined, the structure body type needs to be firstly stated, then a variable name needs to be defined, and after the structure body variable is defined, a system distributes a memory unit for the structure body type.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, a structure is defined to store string object data, and the compiler may allocate a space and store the string object data according to a format of the structure.
Optionally, the variables in the structure body include data fields, size fields, and capacity fields, where the data fields are stored string object data; the size field is the size of the string object; the capacity field is the size of the capacity of the string object.
Optionally, in the above process, the compiler usually allocates a space larger than the actual length of the character string, and when a new character (not exceeding the original capacity value) is added to the original character string, the compiler does not need to allocate the space again.
S2, calling a character string classification function, and classifying the string object data processed in the S1 according to byte size to obtain each class of the string object;
and S3, performing corresponding memory processing on each category obtained in the step S2.
And the character string classification function acquires the size of the character string, and classifies the character string for processing by adopting a layering strategy.
Optionally, the character string classification function called in the embodiment of the present invention is a CheckStringBlock function, and string object data is classified into three types, which are described in detail in embodiment two.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for implementing string object classification provided in the second embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
the string object data category includes that the number of bytes is smaller than a first preset value, the number of bytes is between a second preset value and a third preset value, and the number of bytes is larger than the third preset value, wherein the first preset value is smaller than the second preset value, the second preset value is smaller than the third preset value, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first preset value is 23, the second preset value is 24, and the third preset value is 255. The specific method for processing the numerical values of each category is as follows:
s21, when the byte number is smaller than a first preset value, directly placing string object data inside the string object, and distributing the memory to the stack;
the stack is a continuous storage data structure, has the property of first-in and last-out, the memory distributed to the stack automatically applies for distribution and recovery from the system, and the speed processing block is convenient to use.
Optionally, because the stack operation speed and the memory copy speed are both fast, in the embodiment of the present invention, if a large number of small strings are used, that is, if the number of bytes is less than 23, the memory processing is directly allocated on the stack.
S22, when the byte number is between the second preset value and the third preset value, applying for a new memory, distributing the heap memory by a dynamic memory distribution function, and storing string object data according to the structure body defined in S1;
the heap memory applies for a memory to the system, when the system receives the application of the program, the system traverses a linked list recording the free memory address, searches for a heap node with a first space larger than the applied space, then deletes the node from the free node linked list, and allocates the space of the node to the program. The distribution speed is slow, the address is not continuous, and the fragmentation is easy.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, when the number of bytes is selected to be between 24 and 255, heap memory processing is allocated, the memory applied in the above process is determined by the number of bytes, and the malloc function is a dynamic memory allocation function, and is responsible for finding a space with a specified size in the memory, and calling a memcpy function, that is, a memory copy function, and copying data in the string object to a new memory for processing.
S23, when the number of bytes is greater than the third preset value, and when the number of bytes selected is greater than 255 in the embodiment of the present invention, copying and processing the string object data by using reference counting, which is described in detail in the third embodiment.
The third embodiment of the invention provides a reference counting method for improving string storage efficiency.
The reference count is the number of times an object is referenced, the reference count of the object can be increased or decreased, the reference count is increased by 1 whenever a new reference points to the object, the reference count is decreased by 1 whenever the referenced object fails, and when the number of references is 0, the object is not pointed to by any reference and is deleted.
The embodiment of the invention creates a reference count for string object data, as shown in FIG. 3, and comprises the following specific steps:
s231, calling a reference counting creating function to create reference counting for each string object data;
s232, when the string object data is subjected to assignment operation, calling an increase reference count function to increase the reference count created in the S231 by 1;
s233, when string object data is no longer used, calling a release reference counting function to reduce the reference count by 1;
and S234, when the reference count is 0, automatically deleting the internal memory of the string object.
The process comprises the steps of firstly saving a pointer of a character string in string object data, accessing the character string by using a shared pointer mode, initializing the pointer by using a reference count at the moment, creating the reference count, setting the reference count to be 1, copying a copy pointer by a copying constructor when an object is used as a copy of another object, increasing the reference count corresponding to the pointer, namely adding 1, when an assignment operator is used for assigning a value to one object, firstly subtracting 1 from the reference count of the pointer of a left operand (because the pointer points to other places), and if the reference count is 0 after subtracting 1, releasing the memory of the object pointed by the pointer. The reference count of the object to which the right operand points is then incremented (since the left operand points to the object at this time, i.e., the right operand points to the object). Finally, when the destructor is called, the destructor first decrements the reference count by 1, and if it is decremented to 0, the delete object.
By adopting the reference counting, a plurality of string objects can share one memory, so that the memory copy consumption caused by the assignment operation of the plurality of string objects is reduced;
the above mainly describes a method for improving string storage efficiency, and a device for improving string storage efficiency will be described in detail below.
A fourth apparatus for improving string storage efficiency according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, includes:
the definition module is used for defining a structural body and storing and processing data of the string object;
the classification module is used for calling a character string classification function and classifying the string object data processed in the definition module according to the byte size to obtain each module of the string object;
and the processing module is used for carrying out corresponding memory processing on each module obtained by the classification module.
The structure body in the definition module comprises a data field, a size field and a capacity field, wherein:
the data field is data of a string object;
the size field is the size of the string object;
the capacity field is the size of the capacity of the string object.
The classification module comprises a first storage module, a second storage module and a third storage module, wherein:
the first storage module is directly placed inside the string object when the number of bytes is smaller than a first preset value, and allocates the memory to the stack;
when the byte number is between the second preset value and the third preset value, applying for a new memory, distributing the heap memory by a dynamic memory distribution function, and storing string object data according to a structure body defined in the definition module;
and the third storage module copies and processes the memory by using reference counting when the byte number is larger than a third preset value.
The third storage module comprises the following modules:
the creating module is used for calling a creating reference counting function to create reference counting for each string object;
the assignment module calls an increase reference counting function to increase the reference count created in the creation module by 1 when the string object generates assignment operation, and calls a release reference counting function to decrease the reference count by 1 when the string object is not used any more;
and the deleting module is used for automatically deleting the internal memory of the string object when the reference count is 0.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device for improving string storage efficiency according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the electronic device of the embodiment includes: a processor 50, a memory 51 and a computer program 52 stored in said memory 51 and executable on said processor 50. The steps in the above-described method embodiments are implemented when the processor 50 executes the computer program 52, and the functions of the modules in the above-described system embodiments are implemented when the processor 50 executes the computer program 52.
The electronic device for improving string storage efficiency may be a desktop computer, a notebook, a palm computer, a cloud server, and other computing devices, and the terminal device for improving string storage efficiency may include, but is not limited to, a processor 50 and a memory 51. Fig. 5 is only an example of the terminal device, and does not constitute a limitation to the terminal device, and may include more or less components than those shown in the drawings, or combine some components, or different components, and the terminal device for improving string storage efficiency may further include an input/output device 53, a display device 54, and the like.
The processor 50 may be a central processing unit, but may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors, application specific integrated circuits, off-the-shelf programmable gate arrays or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or the like. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
The memory 51 may be an internal storage unit, a hard disk, or a memory of the terminal device for improving string storage efficiency. The memory 51 may also be an external memory device of the terminal device, or a plug-in hard disk, a smart card, a secure digital card, a flash memory card, etc. may be provided.
Further, the memory 51 may also include both an internal storage unit and an external storage device of the terminal device. The memory 51 is used for storing the computer program and other programs and data required by the terminal device. The memory 51 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.
The input/output device 53 may be used to receive input numeric or character information, and specifically, the input/output device 53 may further include, but is not limited to, one or more of a keyboard, a mouse, a joystick, and the like.
The display device 54 may be used to display information input by the user or various menus provided to the user and the terminal, and the display device 54 may include a display panel, and optionally, a liquid crystal display.
It can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the system described above may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, and is not described herein again.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the modules, method steps, and so forth of the various embodiments described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The integrated module, if implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, all or part of the flow of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention may also be implemented by a computer program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method embodiments may be implemented. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, usb disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, software distribution medium, and the like. It should be noted that the computer readable medium may contain content that is subject to appropriate increase or decrease as required by legislation and patent practice in jurisdictions, for example, in some jurisdictions, computer readable media does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunications signals as is required by legislation and patent practice.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for improving string storage efficiency is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, defining a structure body used for storing and processing string object data;
s2, calling a character string classification function, and classifying the string object data processed in the S1 according to byte size to obtain various types of string objects; the string object data category includes that the number of bytes is smaller than a first preset value, the number of bytes is between a second preset value and a third preset value, and the number of bytes is larger than the third preset value, wherein the first preset value is smaller than the second preset value, the second preset value is smaller than the third preset value, the first preset value is 23, the second preset value is 24, and the third preset value is 255, and then the method for specifically processing the values of each category is as follows:
s21, when the number of bytes is smaller than the first preset value 23, directly placing string object data inside the string object, and distributing the memory onto the stack;
s22, when the number of bytes is between the second preset value 24 and the third preset value 255, applying for a new memory, allocating the heap memory by the dynamic memory allocation function, and storing string object data according to the structure defined in S1;
s23, when the number of bytes is larger than a third preset value 255, copying and processing string object data by using reference counting;
and S3, performing corresponding memory processing on each category obtained in the step S2.
2. The method for improving string storage efficiency according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the structure includes a data field, a size field, and a capacity field, where:
the data field is string object data;
the size field is the size of the string object;
the capacity field is the size of the capacity of the string object.
3. The method for improving string storage efficiency according to claim 1, wherein: the step S23 includes the following steps:
s231, calling a reference counting creating function to create reference counting for each string object data;
s232, when the string object data is subjected to assignment operation, calling an increase reference count function to increase the reference count created in the S231 by 1;
s233, when string object data is no longer used, calling a release reference counting function to reduce the reference count by 1;
and S234, when the reference count is 0, automatically deleting the internal memory of the string object.
4. The utility model provides an improve string storage efficiency's device which characterized in that: the device comprises:
the definition module is used for defining a structural body and storing and processing data of the string object;
the classification module is used for calling a character string classification function and classifying the string object data processed in the definition module according to the byte size to obtain various categories of the string object; the classification module comprises a first storage module, a second storage module and a third storage module, wherein:
the first storage module is directly placed inside the string object when the number of bytes is smaller than a first preset value, and allocates the memory to the stack;
when the byte number is between the second preset value and the third preset value, applying for a new memory, distributing the heap memory by a dynamic memory distribution function, and storing string object data according to a structure body defined in the definition module;
the third storage module copies and processes the memory by using reference counting when the number of bytes is larger than a third preset value, wherein the first preset value is smaller than a second preset value, the second preset value is smaller than the third preset value, the first preset value is 23, the second preset value is 24, and the third preset value is 255;
and the processing module is used for carrying out corresponding memory processing on each category obtained by the classification module.
5. The apparatus for improving string storage efficiency as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the structure body in the definition module comprises a data field, a size field and a capacity field, wherein:
the data field is data of a string object;
the size field is the size of the string object;
the capacity field is the size of the capacity of the string object.
6. The apparatus for improving string storage efficiency as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the third storage module comprises the following modules:
the creating module is used for calling a creating reference counting function to create reference counting for each string object;
the assignment module calls an increase reference counting function to increase the reference count created in the creation module by 1 when the string object generates assignment operation, and calls a release reference counting function to decrease the reference count by 1 when the string object is not used any more;
and the deleting module is used for automatically deleting the internal memory of the string object when the reference count is 0.
7. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the computer program implements the steps of the method for improving string storage efficiency as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3.
8. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method for improving string storage efficiency according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
CN201810212420.4A 2018-03-15 2018-03-15 Method and device for improving string storage efficiency, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium Active CN108664249B (en)

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